XRN1 (gene)

5′-3′ exoribonuclease 1 (Xrn1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRN1 gene. Xrn1 hydrolyses RNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction.

XRN1
Identifiers
Aliases	XRN1, SEP1, 5'-3' exoribonuclease 1, Xrn1
External IDs	OMIM: 607994; MGI: 891964; HomoloGene: 5894; GeneCards: XRN1; OMA:XRN1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human) Band 3q23 Start 142,306,607 bp End 142,448,062 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse) Band 9|9 E3.3 Start 95,836,813 bp End 95,939,856 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in pancreatic epithelial cell Achilles tendon germinal epithelium visceral pleura parietal pleura tibia bone marrow cells gingival epithelium endothelial cell palpebral conjunctiva Top expressed in tail of embryo cumulus cell Rostral migratory stream thymus genital tubercle zygote pineal gland secondary oocyte vas deferens granulocyte More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein binding nucleic acid binding nuclease activity exonuclease activity hydrolase activity RNA binding G-quadruplex RNA binding G-quadruplex DNA binding 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity telomerase RNA binding 5'-3' exonuclease activity Cellular component membrane plasma membrane nucleus cytoplasm cytosol dendrite soma synapse P-body Biological process regulation of mRNA stability rRNA catabolic process nuclear mRNA surveillance histone mRNA catabolic process negative regulation of translation response to testosterone cellular response to cycloheximide RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, exonucleolytic cellular response to puromycin negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 54464 24127 Ensembl ENSG00000114127 ENSMUSG00000032410 UniProt Q8IZH2 P97789 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001042604 NM_001282857 NM_001282859 NM_019001 NM_011916 NM_001311130 RefSeq (protein) NP_001269786 NP_001269788 NP_061874 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 142.31 – 142.45 Mb Chr 9: 95.84 – 95.94 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes a member of the 5′-3′ exonuclease family. The encoded protein may be involved in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation, and interacts directly with the enhancer of mRNA-decapping protein 4. In addition to mRNA metabolism, a similar protein in yeast has been implicated in a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic functions, including transcription, translation, homologous recombination, meiosis, telomere maintenance, and microtubule assembly. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteosarcoma, suggesting that the encoded protein may also play a role in bone formation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

See also

• Xrn2

Further reading

• Bashkirov VI, Scherthan H, Solinger JA, Buerstedde JM, Heyer WD (February 1997). "A mouse cytoplasmic exoribonuclease (mXRN1p) with preference for G4 tetraplex substrates". The Journal of Cell Biology. 136 (4): 761–73. doi:10.1083/jcb.136.4.761. PMC 2132493. PMID 9049243.
• Ingelfinger D, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Lührmann R, Achsel T (December 2002). "The human LSm1-7 proteins colocalize with the mRNA-degrading enzymes Dcp1/2 and Xrnl in distinct cytoplasmic foci". RNA. 8 (12): 1489–501. doi:10.1017/S1355838202021726. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-F270-9. PMC 1370355. PMID 12515382.
• Braun JE, Truffault V, Boland A, Huntzinger E, Chang CT, Haas G, Weichenrieder O, Coles M, Izaurralde E (December 2012). "A direct interaction between DCP1 and XRN1 couples mRNA decapping to 5' exonucleolytic degradation". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 19 (12): 1324–31. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2413. PMID 23142987. S2CID 1134057.
• Li Y, Masaki T, Yamane D, McGivern DR, Lemon SM (January 2013). "Competing and noncompeting activities of miR-122 and the 5' exonuclease Xrn1 in regulation of hepatitis C virus replication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (5): 1881–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.1213515110. PMC 3562843. PMID 23248316.
• Li Y, Yamane D, Lemon SM (May 2015). "Dissecting the roles of the 5' exoribonucleases Xrn1 and Xrn2 in restricting hepatitis C virus replication". Journal of Virology. 89 (9): 4857–65. doi:10.1128/JVI.03692-14. PMC 4403451. PMID 25673723.
• Burgess HM, Mohr I (March 2015). "Cellular 5'-3' mRNA exonuclease Xrn1 controls double-stranded RNA accumulation and anti-viral responses". Cell Host & Microbe. 17 (3): 332–44. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.003. PMC 4826345. PMID 25766294.
• Ding M, Lin B, Li T, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhou X, Miao M, Gu J, Pan H, Yang F, Li T, Liu XY, Li R (April 2015). "A dual yet opposite growth-regulating function of miR-204 and its target XRN1 in prostate adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer cells". Oncotarget. 6 (10): 7686–700. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3480. PMC 4480709. PMID 25797256.
• Blasco-Moreno B, de Campos-Mata L, Böttcher R, García-Martínez J, Jungfleisch J, Nedialkova DD, Chattopadhyay S, Gas ME, Oliva B, Pérez-Ortín JE, Leidel SA, Choder M, Díez J (March 2019). "The exonuclease Xrn1 activates transcription and translation of mRNAs encoding membrane proteins". Nature Communications. 21 (10): 1298. Bibcode:2019NatCo..10.1298B. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09199-6. PMC 6428865. PMID 30899024.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.