1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1928th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 928th year of the 2nd millennium, the 28th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1920s decade.
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
Gregorian calendar | 1928 MCMXXVIII |
Ab urbe condita | 2681 |
Armenian calendar | 1377 ԹՎ ՌՅՀԷ |
Assyrian calendar | 6678 |
Baháʼí calendar | 84–85 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1849–1850 |
Bengali calendar | 1335 |
Berber calendar | 2878 |
British Regnal year | 18 Geo. 5 – 19 Geo. 5 |
Buddhist calendar | 2472 |
Burmese calendar | 1290 |
Byzantine calendar | 7436–7437 |
Chinese calendar | 丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit) 4625 or 4418 — to — 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 4626 or 4419 |
Coptic calendar | 1644–1645 |
Discordian calendar | 3094 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1920–1921 |
Hebrew calendar | 5688–5689 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1984–1985 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1849–1850 |
- Kali Yuga | 5028–5029 |
Holocene calendar | 11928 |
Igbo calendar | 928–929 |
Iranian calendar | 1306–1307 |
Islamic calendar | 1346–1347 |
Japanese calendar | Shōwa 3 (昭和3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1858–1859 |
Juche calendar | 17 |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
Korean calendar | 4261 |
Minguo calendar | ROC 17 民國17年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | 460 |
Thai solar calendar | 2470–2471 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴火兔年 (female Fire-Rabbit) 2054 or 1673 or 901 — to — 阳土龙年 (male Earth-Dragon) 2055 or 1674 or 902 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1928.
Events
January
- January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material.[1][2]
- January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, Joseph Stalin's personal secretary, crosses the border to Iran to defect from the Soviet Union.[3]
- January 17 – The OGPU arrests Leon Trotsky in Moscow; he assumes a status of passive resistance and is exiled with his family.[4]
- January 26 – The volcanic island Anak Krakatau appears.[5][6]
February
- February – The Ford River Rouge Complex at Dearborn, Michigan, an automobile plant begun in 1917, is completed as the world's largest integrated factory.[7]
- February 8 – Scottish-born inventor John Logie Baird broadcasts a transatlantic television signal from London to Hartsdale, New York.[8]
- February 11 – 19 – The 1928 Winter Olympics are held in St. Moritz, Switzerland, the first as a separate event.[9] Sonja Henie of Norway wins her first gold medal, in women's figure skating.
- February 20 – The Japanese general election produces a hung parliament.[10]
- February 25 – Charles Jenkins Laboratories of Washington, D.C., becomes the first holder of a television license from the Federal Radio Commission.[11]
March
- March 15
- March 15 incident: The Japanese government cracks down on socialists and communists, arresting over 1,000 people.[12]
- Chinese warlord Shi Yousan sets fire to the Shaolin Monastery in Henan, destroying some of its ancient structures and artifacts.[13]
- March 21 – Charles Lindbergh is presented with the Medal of Honor for his first transatlantic flight.[14]
- March 22 – The Muslim Brotherhood is founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna.[15]
- March 24 – Excavation work begins after the old Canaanite city of Ugarit is accidentally rediscovered.[16]
April
- April 10 – Pineapple Primary: The United States Republican Party primary elections in Chicago are preceded by violence, bombings and assassination attempts (two politicians are killed, Octavius C. Granady and Giuseppe Esposito).
- April 12 – A bomb attack against Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini in Milan kills 17 bystanders.
- April 13 – The West Plains, Missouri Dance Hall explosion occurs.[17]
- April 12 – 14 – The first east–west transatlantic flight by aeroplane takes place from Dublin, Ireland, to Greenly Island, Canada, using the German Junkers W 33 Bremen.[18]
- April 14 – An earthquake occurs in Chirpan, Bulgaria, followed four days later by another in Plovdiv. Between them, they destroy more than 21,000 buildings, and kill almost 130 people.[19]
- April 19 – Publication of the original Oxford English Dictionary is completed after 70 years with issue of the last section ("wise – wyze") in Oxford.[20]
- April 22 – An Ms 6.0 earthquake affects southern Greece with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 20 dead, and destroying 3,000 homes in Corinth; a non-destructive tsunami is also observed.[21]
- April 28 – 28 inches of snow fall in southern-central Pennsylvania, United States.[22]
May
- May 3 – Jinan incident: An armed conflict between the Imperial Japanese Army (allied with Northern Chinese warlords) and the Kuomintang's southern army occurs in Jinan, China.
- May 7 – Passage of the Representation of the People Act in the United Kingdom lowers the voting age for women from 30 to 21, giving them equal suffrage with men from July 2.[23]
- May 10 – The first regular schedule of television programming begins in Schenectady, New York, by General Electric's television station W2XB (the station is popularly known as WGY Television, after its sister radio station WGY).
- May 15 – The animated short Plane Crazy is released by Disney Studios in Los Angeles, featuring the first appearances of Mickey and Minnie Mouse (in a non-distributed film).
- May 23 – A bomb attack against the Italian consulate in Buenos Aires, Argentina, kills 22 and injures 43.[24]
- May 24 – The airship Italia crashes at the North Pole; one of the occupants is Italian general Umberto Nobile. A rescue expedition leaves for the Pole on May 30. Roald Amundsen will be among those who lose their lives in the search for survivors.
- May 30 – Rookie driver Louis Meyer wins his first Indianapolis 500 (he will win that race again, in 1933 and 1936).
- May 31 – South Africa adopts a new national flag, based upon the Van Riebeeck flag or Prinsevlag (originally the Dutch flag), to replace the Red Ensign. It later became infamously known as the "apartheid flag" for being the flag of South Africa under Apartheid from 1948 to 1994.
June
- June 4 – Huanggutun incident: Zhang Zuolin, a warlord, is killed by Japanese agents in China.[25]
- June 8 – By seizing Beijing and renaming it Běipíng, the National Revolutionary Army puts an end to the 'Fengtian warlords' Beiyang government there.
- June 9
- Australian aviator Charles Kingsford Smith and his crew complete the first flight across the Pacific Ocean, from the mainland United States to Australia, in the Fokker F.VII aircraft Southern Cross. Having left Oakland, California on May 31, they reach Brisbane via Honolulu and Fiji.[26]
- Ellis Park Stadium, a well-known sport venue of South Africa, officially opens in Johannesburg.[27]
- June 14 – Students take over the medical wing of Rosario University in Argentina.
- June 17 – 18 – Aviator Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to make a successful transatlantic flight, as a passenger in a Fokker F.VIIb/3m piloted by Wilmer Stultz, from Newfoundland to Wales.
- June 20 – Puniša Račić kills three opposition representatives in the Yugoslavian Parliament, and injures three others, in a gun attack.
- June 24 – A Swedish aeroplane rescues some survivors of the Italian North Pole expedition, including Umberto Nobile. The Soviet icebreaker Krasin saves the rest July 12.[28]
- June 28
- The keel of the first 1,000 ft (300 m)-long ocean liner, Oceanic, for the British White Star Line, is laid by Harland and Wolff in Belfast; construction is delayed, and cancelled on 23 July 1929.
- The International Railway (New York–Ontario) switches to one-man crews for its trolleys in Canada.
- June 29 – At the 1928 Democratic National Convention in Houston, Governor of New York Al Smith becomes the first Catholic nominated by a major political party for President of the United States.
July
- July 2 – Charles Jenkins Laboratories' W3XK station begins broadcasting on 6.42 MHz, using 48 lines.
- July 3 – Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrates the world's first colour television transmission in Glasgow.[29]
- July 7 – The first machine-sliced and machine-wrapped loaf of bread is sold in Chillicothe, Missouri, United States, using Otto Frederick Rohwedder's technology.[30]
- July 17 – José de León Toral assassinates Álvaro Obregón, president-elect of Mexico.[31]
- July 25 – The United States recalls its troops from China.
- July 28 – August 12 – The 1928 Summer Olympics are held in Amsterdam,[32] opening with the lighting of the Olympic flame. Women's athletics and gymnastics debut at these games, and discus thrower Halina Konopacka of Poland becomes the first female Olympic gold medal winner for a track or field event. Coca-Cola enters Europe as sponsor of the games.[33]
August
- August – Margaret Mead's influential cultural anthropology text, Coming of Age in Samoa, is published in the U.S.[34]
- August 2 – Italy and Ethiopia sign the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty.[35]
- August 16 – Serial killer Carl Panzram is arrested in Washington, D.C., for burglary. Later it will be discovered that he has committed multiple murders, rapes and other major crimes.[36]
- August 22 – Al Smith accepts the Democratic nomination for the US presidential election, with WGY/W2XB simulcasting the event on radio and television.
- August 26 – In Scotland, May Donoghue finds the remains of a snail in her ginger beer, leading to the landmark negligence case Donoghue v Stevenson.[37]
- August 27 – The Kellogg–Briand Pact is signed in Paris, the first treaty to outlaw aggressive war.[38]
- August 29 – F.C. Motagua is founded as an Association football club in Honduras.
September
- September 1 – Ahmet Zogu, President of the Albanian Republic, declares the country to be a constitutional monarchy, the Albanian Kingdom, with himself as King Zog I.[39]
- September 3 – Philo Farnsworth demonstrates to the press in San Francisco the world's first working all-electronic television system, employing electronic scanning in both the pickup and display devices.[40][41]
- September 11 – The first broadcast of a play by television, melodrama The Queen's Messenger, on General Electric's W2XAD from Schenectady, New York, utilising techniques created by Ernst Alexanderson. WMAK (Kenmore) begins broadcasting in Buffalo, New York.
- September 12 – The Okeechobee hurricane hits Guadeloupe, killing 1,200 people.
- September 16 – The Okeechobee hurricane kills at least 2,500 people in Florida.
- September 25 – Paul and Joseph Galvin incorporate the Galvin Manufacturing Corporation (later known as Motorola and Freescale).
- September 28 – Scottish-born microbiologist Alexander Fleming, at St Mary's Hospital, London, accidentally rediscovers the antibiotic which he will call Penicillin.[42][43]
October
- October – The women's organisation Gruaja Shiqiptare is founded in Albania, with Princess Senije as its chair.[44]
- October 1 – Joseph Stalin launches the first five-year plan (1928–1932); the average nonfarm wage falls by 50% in the Soviet Union.[45]
- October 2
- Josemaría Escrivá founds Opus Dei.[46]
- Arvid Lindman returns as Prime Minister of Sweden, with his right-wing rival Ernst Trygger as Foreign Minister of Sweden.
- October 7 – Haile Selassie is crowned king (not yet emperor) of Abyssinia.[47]
- October 8 – Chiang Kai-shek is named as Generalissimo (Chairman of the National Military Council) of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China.
- October 12 – An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston.
- October 22 – The Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity is founded at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus.
- October 25 – The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) is formally established, with the adoption of the "Statutes of the International Red Cross" [48]
- October 28 – The Second Youth Congress is held in Batavia, Dutch East Indies by young Indonesian nationalists, resulting in the Youth Pledge.[49] The Indonesian national anthem, "Indonesia Raya", is introduced at the congress.[50]
November
- November 1 – Turkey passes a law switching the country from the Arabic to the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.[51]
- November 6 – 1928 United States presidential election: Republican Herbert Hoover wins by a wide margin, over Democratic New York Governor Al Smith.
- November 9 – 16 – Radclyffe Hall's novel The Well of Loneliness (published on 27 July by Jonathan Cape in London, England)[52] is tried and convicted on the grounds of obscenity due to its theme of lesbian love, following a newspaper campaign.[53][54]
- November 10 – The enthronement ceremony of Emperor of Japan Hirohito is held, two years after he actually took the imperial throne on December 26, 1926, following the death of Emperor Taishō.
- November 12 – Liner SS Vestris develops a severe starboard list, is abandoned and sinks approximately 200 miles off Hampton Roads, Virginia; estimated deaths range from 110 to 127.
- November 17
- 1928 Australian federal election: Stanley Bruce's Nationalist/Country Coalition Government is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the Labor Party led by James Scullin.
- Boston Garden opens in Boston, Massachusetts.
- November 18 – Mickey Mouse appears in Steamboat Willie, the third Mickey Mouse cartoon released, but the first sound film and the first such film to be generally distributed.[55]
- November 22 – The one-movement ballet Boléro (music by Maurice Ravel, choreography by Bronislava Nijinska) premières at the Paris Opéra, to a commission by Ida Rubinstein.
- November 28 – Persija Jakarta Association football club is founded as Voetbalbond Indonesische Jacatra.
December
- December 3 – In Rio de Janeiro, a seaplane sent to greet Alberto Santos-Dumont crashes, killing all on board. The pilot had tried to avoid another plane which came too close.[56]
- December 4 – Cosmo Gordon Lang is enthroned as the Archbishop of Canterbury, the first bachelor to be appointed in 150 years.[57]
- December 6 – The government of Colombia sends military forces to suppress a month-long strike by United Fruit Company workers, resulting in an unknown number of deaths.
- December 21 – The United States Congress approves the construction of Boulder Dam, later renamed Hoover Dam.
Date unknown
- The women's organisation Anjuman-i Himayat-i-Niswan is founded in Afghanistan.[58]
Births
Births |
---|
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December |
January
- January 1 – Abdul Sattar Edhi, Pakistani philanthropist (d. 2016)[59]
- January 2 – Daisaku Ikeda, Japanese religious leader, 3rd President of Soka Gakkai (d. 2023)[60]
- January 3 – Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian politician (d. 2015)[61]
- January 5
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President of Pakistan and Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1979)[62]
- Qian Qichen, Chinese diplomat, politician (d. 2017)
- January 6 – Vijay Tendulkar, Indian playwright (d. 2008)[63]
- January 7 – William Peter Blatty, American writer (The Exorcist) (d. 2017)[64]
- January 9
- Judith Krantz, American novelist (d. 2019)[65]
- Domenico Modugno, Italian singer, songwriter, actor and politician (d. 1994)[66]
- January 10 – Philip Levine, American poet (d. 2015)[67]
- January 13 – Bengt Gustavsson, Swedish footballer and manager (d. 2017)[68]
- January 14 – Hans Kornberg, German-English biochemist (d. 2019)[69]
- January 16
- William Kennedy, American author[70]
- Pilar Lorengar, Spanish soprano (d. 1996)
- January 17
- Jean Barraqué, French composer (d. 1973)[71]
- Vidal Sassoon, English hairdresser (d. 2012)[72]
- January 18 – Terence Higgins, Baron Higgins, English politician and athlete[73]
- January 21
- Gene Sharp, American political theorist of nonviolent action (d. 2018)
- Reynaldo Bignone, 45th President of Argentina (d. 2018)[74]
- January 22 – Kate Molale, South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 1980)[75]
- January 23 – Jeanne Moreau, French actress (d. 2017)[76]
- January 24
- Desmond Morris, English anthropologist and writer[77]
- Michel Serrault, French actor (d. 2007)[78]
- January 25 – Eduard Shevardnadze, Georgian politician, 2nd President of Georgia (d. 2014)[79]
- January 26 – Roger Vadim, French film director (d. 2000)[80]
- January 27 – Hans Modrow, East German Premier[81] (d. 2023)
- January 30 – Harold Prince, American stage producer, director (d. 2019)[82]
February
- February 1 – Stuart Whitman, American actor (d. 2020)[83]
- February 2 – Ciriaco De Mita, Italian politician (d. 2022)[84]
- February 4 – Kim Yong-nam, North Korean politician[85]
- February 5 – Hristu Cândroveanu, Romanian editor, literary critic and writer (d. 2013)[86]
- February 9
- George Brady, Czech-Canadian businessman and Holocaust survivor (d. 2019)[87]
- Rinus Michels, Dutch association football player, coach (d. 2005)
- February 13 – Gerald Regan, Canadian politician (d. 2019)[88]
- February 15 – Luis Posada Carriles, Cuban militant (d. 2018)
- February 16 – Pedro Casaldáliga, Spanish-Brazilian prelate and human rights activist (d. 2020)
- February 18 – John Ostrom, American paleontologist (d. 2005)[89]
- February 20 – Friedrich Wetter, German Catholic cardinal
- February 22
- Sir Bruce Forsyth, English entertainer (d. 2017)[90]
- Pushpa Mittra Bhargava, Indian scientist, writer, and administrator (d. 2017)
- February 23 – Vasily Lazarev, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1990)
- February 24 – Naqsh Lyallpuri, Indian ghazal (d. 2017)
- February 25 – Paul Elvstrøm, Danish yachtsman (d. 2016)[91]
- February 26
- Fats Domino, African-American musician (d. 2017)[92]
- Anatoly Filipchenko, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2022)
- Ariel Sharon, 11th Prime Minister of Israel (d. 2014)[93]
- February 27 – René Clemencic, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 2022)[94]
- February 28 – Stanley Baker, Welsh actor and film producer (d. 1976)[95]
March
- March 1 – Jacques Rivette, French filmmaker (d. 2016)[96]
- March 3
- Bernice Sandler, American women's rights activist (d. 2019)[97]
- Gudrun Pausewang, German young fiction writer (d. 2020)[98]
- March 4 – Alan Sillitoe, English writer (d. 2010)[99]
- March 5 – Yelizaveta Dementyeva, Soviet Olympic canoeist[100] (d. 2022)
- March 7 – Arthur Dion Hanna, Bahamian politician[101] (d. 2021)
- March 9
- Gerald Bull, Canadian engineer (d. 1990)[102]
- Robert Adeyinka Adebayo, Nigerian politician and military officer (d. 2017)[103]
- March 10
- Sara Montiel, Spanish singer, actress (d. 2013)[104]
- James Earl Ray, American assassin (d. 1998)
- March 12 – Edward Albee, American dramatist (d. 2016)[105]
- March 14 – Frank Borman, American astronaut (d. 2023)[106]
- March 16
- Karlheinz Böhm, Austrian actor (d. 2014)[107]
- Christa Ludwig, German mezzo-soprano (d. 2021)[108]
- March 18
- Lennart Carleson, Swedish mathematician[109]
- Fidel V. Ramos, 12th President of the Philippines (d. 2022)[110]
- March 19
- Sutanto Djuhar, Chinese-Indonesian entrepreneur (d. 2018)
- Hans Küng, Swiss Roman Catholic theologian (d. 2021)[111]
- Marceline Loridan-Ivens, French writer, film director and Holocaust survivor (d. 2018)
- Patrick McGoohan, American-born British-based actor of Irish descent (d. 2009)[112]
- March 20 – Fred Rogers, American children's television host (d. 2003)
- March 21 – Surya Bahadur Thapa, 24th Prime Minister of Nepal (d. 2015)[113]
- March 25 – Jim Lovell, American astronaut[114]
- March 28
- Zbigniew Brzezinski, Polish-born American National Security Advisor (d. 2017)[115]
- Alexander Grothendieck, German-born mathematician (d. 2014)[116]
- March 30 – Robert Badinter, French lawyer and politician (d. 2024)[117]
- March 31
- Lefty Frizzell, American country music performer (d. 1975)[118]
- Gordie Howe, Canadian hockey player (d. 2016)
April
- April 2 – Serge Gainsbourg, French singer (d. 1991)[119]
- April 3 – Don Gibson, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2003)[120]
- April 4 – Maya Angelou, African-American poet, novelist (d. 2014)[121]
- April 6 – James D. Watson, American geneticist; recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[122]
- April 7
- James Garner, American actor, producer (d. 2014)[123]
- Alan J. Pakula, American producer, director (d. 1998)[124]
- April 8 – Eric Porter, English actor (d. 1995)[125]
- April 9
- Paul Arizin, American basketball player (d. 2006)[126]
- Tom Lehrer, American songwriter, satirist[127]
- April 11 – Ethel Kennedy, American human-rights campaigner, wife of Robert F. Kennedy (d. 2024)
- April 12 – Hardy Krüger, German actor[128] (d. 2022)
- April 15 – Vida Alves, Brazilian actress (d. 2017)
- April 18 – Mikio Sato, Japanese mathematician [129] (d. 2023)
- April 19 – Sultan Azlan Shah of Perak, King of Malaysia (d. 2014)
- April 23 – Shirley Temple, American actress and diplomat (d. 2014)[130]
- April 24 – Tommy Docherty, Scottish footballer and manager (d. 2020)
- April 25 – Cy Twombly, American artist (d. 2011)[131]
- April 28 – Yves Klein, French artist (d. 1962)[132]
May
- May 1
- Michael John O'Brian, Irish-Pakistani Air Vice Marshal (d. 1998)[133]
- Sonny James, American country singer (d. 2016)[134]
- Sisavath Keobounphanh, 13th prime minister of Laos (d. 2020)[135]
- May 4
- Maynard Ferguson, Canadian jazz trumpeter (d. 2006)[136]
- Hosni Mubarak, 4th President of Egypt (d. 2020)[137]
- Betsy Rawls, American golfer (d. 2023)[138]
- Wolfgang von Trips, German racing driver (d. 1961)[139]
- May 9
- Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player (d. 1995)[140]
- Barbara Ann Scott, Canadian figure skater (d. 2012)
- May 10
- Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia[141]
- Lothar Schmid, German chess player (d. 2013)
- May 11
- Arthur Foulkes, Governor-General of the Bahamas
- Andrew van der Bijl, Dutch Christian missionary (d. 2022)[142]
- May 12 – Burt Bacharach, American composer, songwriter and pianist (d. 2023)[143]
- May 13
- Enrique Bolaños, 61st President of Nicaragua (d. 2021)[144]
- Édouard Molinaro, French film director, screenwriter (d. 2013)
- May 16 – Billy Martin, American baseball player (d. 1989)[145]
- May 18 – Pernell Roberts, American actor (d. 2010)
- May 19
- Dolph Schayes, American basketball player (d. 2015)[146]
- Dragutin Zelenović, Serbian politician and professor (d. 2020)[147]
- May 23 – Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress (d. 2002)[148]
- May 24 – Adrian Frutiger, Swiss typeface designer, cutter (d. 2015)
- May 26 – Jack Kevorkian, American right-to-die advocate (d. 2011)[149]
- May 27 – Thea Musgrave, Scottish-born American composer and educator[150]
- May 28 – Ivan Kizimov, Soviet and Russian equestrian (d. 2019)[151]
- May 30 – Agnès Varda, Belgian-born French director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2019)[152]
June
- June 3
- Donald Judd, American artist (d. 1994)[153]
- John Richard Reid, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2020)
- June 4 – Ruth Westheimer (Dr. Ruth), German-American sex therapist, film and television personality, and author (d. 2024)[154]
- June 5 – Tony Richardson, English film and theatre director (d. 1991)[155]
- June 6 – George Deukmejian, American Republican politician (d. 2018)[156]
- June 7
- James Ivory, American director, screenwriter and producer[157]
- Charles Strouse, American composer and lyricist
- June 8 – Mimi Mariani, Indonesian actress, model, and singer (d. 1971)[158]
- June 10 – Maurice Sendak, American children's author, illustrator (d. 2012)[159]
- June 11 – Queen Fabiola of Belgium, Spanish Queen Consort of King Baudouin of Belgium (d. 2014)<ref">"Queen Fabiola of the Belgians – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. London. December 5, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2015.</ref>
- June 12
- Vic Damone, American singer (d. 2018)[160]
- Richard M. Sherman, American songwriter (d. 2024)[161][162]
- June 13
- Giacomo Biffi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 2015)[163]
- John Forbes Nash Jr., American mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics (d. 2015)[164]
- Li Ka-shing, Asia's & Hong Kong's richest person, major philanthropist[165]
- June 14
- José Bonaparte, Argentine palaeontologist (d. 2020)[166]
- Che Guevara, Argentine-born Cuban revolutionary (or May 14; d. 1967)[167]
- June 16
- Annie Cordy, Belgian actress and singer (d. 2020)
- Dagmar Rom, Austrian alpine skier[168] (d. 2022)
- June 17 – Juan María Bordaberry, Uruguayan dictator (d. 2011)[169]
- June 19
- Tommy DeVito, American musician and singer (The Four Seasons) (d. 2020)[170]
- Jacques Dupont, French Olympic cyclist (d. 2019)[171]
- June 20
- Martin Landau, American actor (d. 2017)[172]
- Jean-Marie Le Pen, French intelligence officer, far-right politician[173]
- June 22 – Ralph Waite, American actor, political activist (The Waltons) (d. 2014)
- June 25
- Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)[174]
- Peyo, Belgian comics artist (d. 1992)[175]
- June 27
- Lin Ho-ming, Taiwanese sports shooter
- Antoinette Spaak, Belgian politician (d. 2020)[176]
- Joe Wirkkunen, Finnish-Canadian ice hockey coach (d. 1986)[177]
- June 28
- Hans Blix, Swedish diplomat and politician[178]
- Harold Evans, English-born newspaper editor (d. 2020)[179]
July
- July 4
- Giampiero Boniperti, Italian football player (d. 2021)[180]
- Teofisto Guingona Jr., 13th Vice President of the Philippines[181]
- July 5
- Juris Hartmanis, Latvian-born American computer scientist, computational theorist[182] (d. 2022)
- Pierre Mauroy, Prime Minister of France (d. 2013)[183]
- July 8
- Balakh Sher Mazari, Pakistani politician, caretaker prime minister (d. 2022)[184]
- Alekos Spanoudakis, Greek basketball player (d. 2019)
- July 9 – Federico Bahamontes, Spanish road bicycle racer (d. 2023)[185]
- July 11
- Carmelita González, Mexican actress (d. 2010)
- Greville Janner, British lawyer and Labour Member of Parliament (d. 2015)[186]
- July 12
- Elias James Corey, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate[187]
- Hayden White, American historian (d. 2018)[188]
- July 14 – Nancy Olson, American actress
- July 15 – Pal Benko, French chess grandmaster, author, and composer of endgame studies and chess problems (d. 2019)[189]
- July 16
- Anita Brookner, English novelist, art historian (d. 2016)[190]
- Jim Rathmann, American race car driver (d. 2011)[191]
- July 19 – Choi Yun-chil, South Korean long-distance runner (d. 2020)[192]
- July 20
- Belaid Abdessalam, Algerian politician, Prime Minister 1992–93 (d. 2020)
- Pavel Kohout, Czech-Austrian novelist, playwright, and poet[193]
- July 23
- Leon Fleisher, American pianist and conductor (d. 2020)[194]
- Vera Rubin, American astronomer (d. 2016)
- July 24 – Keshubhai Patel, Indian politician (d. 2020)
- July 25 – Dolphy, Filipino actor, comedian (d. 2012)[195]
- July 26
- Francesco Cossiga, Italian politician, 8th President of Italy (d. 2010)[196]
- Joe Jackson, American manager (d. 2018)[197]
- Stanley Kubrick, American film director (2001: A Space Odyssey) (d. 1999)[198]
- July 27 – Joseph Kittinger, American colonel, U.S. Air Force pilot (d. 2022)[199]
- July 29 – T. H. P. Chentharasseri, Indian historian (d. 2018)
August
- August 2 – Luigi Colani, German industrial designer (d. 2019)[200]
- August 3 – Cécile Aubry, French film actress, author, television screenwriter and director (d. 2010)
- August 4
- Udham Singh, Indian field hockey player, winner of three gold and one silver medals (d. 2000)[201]
- Flóra Kádár, Hungarian actress (d. 2002)
- Gerard Damiano, American adult film director (d. 2008)[202]
- August 5 – Chung Won-shik, South Korean politician, educator, soldier, and author, prime minister 1991 (d. 2020)[203]
- August 6
- Mary Grant, Ghanaian politician (d. 2016)
- Andy Warhol, American artist (d. 1987)[204]
- August 7
- Helen Vita, Swiss chanson singer, actress, and comedian (d. 2001)
- James Randi, Canadian stage magician and scientific skeptic (d. 2020)[205]
- August 8
- Lubor Bárta, Czech composer (d. 1972)
- Simón Díaz, Venezuelan folk composer, singer (d. 2014)
- August 10
- Peter Barry, Irish Fine Gael politician, businessman (d. 2016)
- Eddie Fisher, American singer and actor (d. 2010)[206]
- Jimmy Dean, singer, television host and spokesman for the Jimmy Dean sausage brand (d. 2010)
- August 11 – Beniamino Andreatta, Italian economist, politician (d. 2007)[207]
- August 14 – Lina Wertmüller, Italian film director and screenwriter (d. 2021)
- August 15
- Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, two-time prime minister of Somalia (d. 2002)[208]
- Nicolas Roeg, English film director (d. 2018)[209]
- Simone Silva, Egyptian-born French film actress (d. 1957)
- August 16
- August 19 – Queen Ratna of Nepal[213]
- August 21
- Chris Brasher, British track-and-field athlete, sports journalist and co-founder of the London Marathon (d. 2003)[214]
- Art Farmer, American jazz trumpeter, flugelhorn player (d. 1999)[215]
- Gillian Sheen, English Olympic fencer (d. 2021)[216]
- August 22 – Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer (d. 2007)[217]
- August 23 – Marian Seldes, American actress (d. 2014)
- August 24 – Levko Lukyanenko, Ukrainian politician (d. 2018)[218]
- August 25 – Herbert Kroemer, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2024)[219]
- August 26 – Saliu Adetunji, Nigerian monarch of Ibadan (d. 2022)[220]
- August 27
- Péter Boross, Hungarian politician[221]
- Mangosuthu Buthelezi, South African leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party (d. 2023)[222]
- August 31
- James Coburn, American actor (d. 2002)[223]
- Wojciech Plewiński, Polish photographer
- Jaime Sin, Filipino Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2005)
September
- September 1 – George Maharis, American actor (d. 2023)[224]
- September 3 – Gaston Thorn, Luxembourg Prime Minister (d. 2007)[225]
- September 4 – Dick York, American actor (d. 1992)[226]
- September 6
- Fumihiko Maki, Japanese architect (d. 2024)[227]
- Robert M. Pirsig, American philosopher and author (d. 2017)[228]
- Yevgeny Svetlanov, Russian conductor, composer and pianist (d. 2002)
- Sid Watkins, English neurosurgeon (d. 2012)
- September 9 – Sol LeWitt, American artist (d. 2007)[229]
- September 10 – Jean Vanier, Swiss-born Canadian Catholic philosopher, theologian and humanitarian (d. 2019)
- September 11 – Earl Holliman, American actor[230]
- September 13 – Tzannis Tzannetakis, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010)[231]
- September 14 – John Geoffrey Jones, British judge (d. 2014)[232]
- September 16 – Hironoshin Furuhashi, Japanese swimmer (d. 2009)[233]
- September 17 – Roddy McDowall, British actor (d. 1998)[234]
- September 19 – Adam West, American actor (Batman) (d. 2017)[235]
- September 20
- Donald Hall, American poet, United States Poet Laureate (d. 2018)[236]
- Kirsten Rolffes, Danish actress (d. 2000)
- September 22 – Justin Marie Bomboko, Congolese civil servant (d. 2014)[237]
- September 27 – Edwin Grech, Maltese politician (d. 2023).[238]
- September 28 – Koko Taylor, African-American singer (d. 2009)[239]
- September 29 – Mihály Lantos, Hungarian footballer and manager (d. 1989)[240]
- September 30 – Elie Wiesel, Rumanian-born Holocaust survivor, writer, lecturer, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (d. 2016)[241]
October
- October 1
- Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born South African actor (d. 1973)[242]
- Sivaji Ganesan, Indian stage, film actor (d. 2001)[243]
- George Peppard, American actor (d. 1994)[244]
- October 2 – Geert Hofstede, Dutch social psychologist (d. 2020)[245]
- October 3
- Shridath Ramphal, Guyanese academic and politician (d. 2024)[246]
- Kåre Willoch, Norwegian politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Norway (d. 2021)[247]
- Erik Bruhn, Danish danseur, choreographer, artistic director, actor, and author (d. 1986)[248]
- October 4 – Torben Ulrich, Danish tennis player (d. 2023)[249]
- October 7
- Ali Kafi, Algerian politician, acting President 1992-1994 (d. 2013)
- Sohrab Sepehri, Persian poet and painter (d. 1980)
- October 8 – Neil Harvey, Australian cricketer[250]
- October 9 – Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (d. 2016)[251]
- October 14 – Arnfinn Bergmann, Norwegian Olympic ski jumper (d. 2011)[252]
- October 15 – María Cristina Arango Vega, First Lady of Colombia (d. 2017)
- October 18 – Ernest Simoni, Albanian Catholic cardinal
- October 19 – Borisav Jović, 13th President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (d. 2021)[253]
- October 20 – Li Peng, former Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 2019)[254]
- October 21 – Whitey Ford, American baseball player (d. 2020)[255]
- October 23 – Zhu Rongji, former Premier of the People's Republic of China[256]
- October 24 – Mohammad Beheshti, Chief Justice of Iran (d. 1981)[257]
- October 25
- Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)[258]
- Paulo Mendes da Rocha, Brazilian architect (d. 2021)[259]
- Marion Ross, American actress
- October 27 – Gilles Vigneault, Canadian singer and poet[260]
- October 29 – Shulamit Aloni, Israeli politician (d. 2014)[261]
- October 30 – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1999)[262]
November
- November 3
- Ion Dincă, Romanian communist politician and general (d. 2007)
- Osamu Tezuka, Japanese manga artist (d. 1989)[263]
- Nick Holonyak, American electrical engineer and inventor (d. 2022)[264]
- November 8
- Natalie Zemon Davis, Canadian-born historian (d. 2023)[265]
- Ursula Haverbeck, German historian
- November 9 – Anne Sexton, American poet (d. 1974)[266]
- November 10 – Ennio Morricone, Italian composer (d. 2020)[267]
- November 11 – Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer (d. 2012)[268]
- November 14 – Vitaliy Masol, 3rd Prime Minister of Ukraine (d. 2018)[269]
- November 17
- Arman, French artist (d. 2005)[270]
- Rance Howard, American actor (d. 2017)[271]
- Betty Kaunda, first lady of Zambia (d. 2012)[272]
- Amata Kabua, 1st president of the Marshall Islands (d. 1996)[273]
- November 18 – Salvador Laurel, Filipino lawyer and politician (d. 2004)[274]
- November 19
- Ina van Faassen, Dutch actress, comedian (d. 2011)
- Dara Singh, Indian wrestler, actor and politician (d. 2012)[275]
- November 20
- Aleksey Batalov, Russian actor (d. 2017)[276]
- Pete Rademacher, American boxer (d. 2020)[277]
- November 22 – Sandy Keith, American jurist and politician from Minnesota (d. 2020)
- November 28
- Toaripi Lauti, 1st prime minister of Tuvalu (d. 2014)[278]
- Arthur Melvin Okun, American economist (d. 1980)
- Piet Steenbergen, Dutch footballer (d. 2010)
- November 30
- Takako Doi, Japanese politician (d. 2014)[279]
- Steele Hall, Australian politician (d. 2024)[280]
- Peter Hans Kolvenbach, Dutch Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 2016)[281]
- Karin Söder, Swedish politician (d. 2015)
December
- December 4 – Hebe de Bonafini, Argentine political activist (d. 2022)[282]
- December 7 – Noam Chomsky, American linguist[283]
- December 15
- Ida Haendel, Polish-British violinist (d. 2020)[284]
- Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian artist (d. 2000)[285]
- December 16
- Philip K. Dick, American science fiction author (d. 1982)[286]
- Friedrich Wilhelm Schnitzler, German landowner, politician (CDU), manager and businessman (d. 2011)
- December 19 – Guy Razanamasy, 2-time prime minister of Madagascar (d. 2011)[287]
- December 22 – Piero Angela, Italian television host, science journalist and writer (d. 2022)[288]
- December 25 – Dick Miller, American actor (d. 2019)[289]
- December 26 – Martin Cooper, American inventor, "Father of the mobile phone"[290]
- December 29 – Bernard Cribbins, English actor, comedian and singer (d. 2022)[291]
- December 30 – Bo Diddley, African-American musician (d. 2008)[292]
Deaths
January
- January 1 – Loie Fuller, American dancer (b. 1862)[293]
- January 3 – Emily Stevens, American actress (b. 1883)[294]
- January 6 – Alvin Kraenzlein, American athlete (b. 1876)[295]
- January 11 – Thomas Hardy, British writer (b. 1840)[296]
- January 12 – Ruth Snyder, American murderer (executed) (b. 1895)[297]
- January 13 – Earle Nelson, American serial killer and rapist (executed) (b. 1897)[298]
- January 16 – Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (b. 1851)
- January 21
- Nikolai Astrup, Norwegian painter (b. 1880)[299]
- Sir John de Robeck, British admiral (b. 1862)
- January 28 – Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, Spanish novelist and screenwriter (b. 1867)[300]
- January 29 – Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, British field marshal (b. 1861)[301]
- January 30 – Johannes Fibiger, Danish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1867)
February
- February 1 – Hughie Jennings, American baseball player, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1869)
- February 4 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1853)[302]
- February 8 – Theodor Curtius, German chemist (b. 1857)[303]
- February 12 – Manfred von Clary-Aldringen, Austro-Hungarian nobleman, statesman and former prime minister of Austria (b. 1852)
- February 15 – H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1852)
- February 16 – Eddie Foy Sr., American vaudevillian (b. 1856)[304]
- February 21 – Hans von Koester, German admiral (b. 1844)[305]
- February 25 – Toribio Romo González, Mexican Roman Catholic priest, martyr and saint (b. 1900)
- February 26 – Juan Vázquez de Mella, Spanish scholar, politician (b. 1861)
- February 27 – Karl Max, Prince Lichnowsky, German diplomat, noble (b. 1860)
- February 28 – Armando Diaz, Italian general, Marshal of Italy (b. 1861)
March
- March 7 – Robert Abbe, American surgeon (b. 1851)
- March 10 – Mateo Elías Nieves Castillo, Mexican Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1882)
- March 19
- Nora Bayes, American singer, actress (b. 1880)[306]
- Emil Wiechert, German physicist and geophysicist (b. 1861)[307]
- March 21 – Edward Walter Maunder, British astronomer (b. 1851)[308]
- March 25 – Nina Bang, Danish politician (b. 1866)[309]
April
- April 2 – Theodore William Richards, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)[310]
- April 5 – Roy Kilner, English cricketer (b. 1890)[311]
- April 13 – Gonzalo Córdova, 21st president of Ecuador (b. 1863)
- April 16 – Pavel Axelrod, Russian Menshevik (b. 1850)
- April 19 – Dorus Rijkers, Dutch sailor, savior of over 500 men, women and children (b. 1847)
- April 25
- Floyd Bennett, American aviator (b. 1890)
- Pyotr Wrangel, Russian general, anti-Bolshevik leader (b. 1878)
- April 27 – Alessandro Guidoni, Italian air force general (b. 1880)
May
- May 1 – Sir Ebenezer Howard, British urban planner (b. 1850)
- May 8 – Clara Williams, American actress (b. 1888)
- May 10 – Ivan Merz, Yugoslav Roman Catholic blessed (b. 1896)
- May 18
- Moritz von Auffenberg, Austro-Hungarian general and politician (b. 1852)
- Bill Haywood, American labor leader (b. 1869)
- May 19 – Max Scheler, German philosopher (b. 1874)[312]
- May 21 – Hideyo Noguchi, Japanese bacteriologist (b. 1876)
- May 22 – Francisco López Merino, Argentine poet (b. 1904)
June
- June 2 – Otto Nordenskjöld, Finnish and Swedish geologist, geographer and polar explorer (road traffic accident) (b. 1869)
- June 3
- Alexander Hamilton, American priest and blessed (b. 1847)
- Li Yuanhong, Fourth President of the Republic of China (b. 1864)
- June 4 – Zhang Zuolin, Chinese warlord (assassinated) (b. 1875)
- June 5 – Sir Liege Hulett, South African politician, sugar magnate (b. 1838)
- June 12 – Salvador Díaz Mirón, Mexican poet (b. 1853)
- June 13 – Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire, British politician and colonial governor (b. 1843)
- June 14 – Emmeline Pankhurst, British women's suffrage campaigner (b. 1858)
- June 17 – Euphemia Wilson Pitblado, American activist, social reformer and writer (b. 1849)
- June 18 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian polar explorer (aviation accident) (b. 1872)[313]
- June 22
- A. B. Frost, American illustrator (b. 1851)
- George Siegmann, American silent film actor (pernicious anemia) (b. 1882)
- June 28 – Leo Ditrichstein, Austrian-born actor, playwright (b. 1865)
July
- July 1
- Avery Hopwood, American playwright (b. 1882)[314]
- Frankie Yale, American gangster (b. 1893)[315]
- July 12 – Emilio Carranza, Mexican aviator (b. 1905; plane crash)[316]
- July 17
- Álvaro Obregón, Mexican military officer, 39th President of Mexico (assassinated) (b. 1880)[31]
- Giovanni Giolitti, Italian politician, 13th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1842)[317]
- July 21
- Mihail Savov, Bulgarian general (b. 1857)
- Dame Ellen Terry, British actress (b. 1847)[318]
- July 30 – John Christopher Cutler, 2nd Governor of Utah (suicide) (b. 1846)
August
- August 8
- Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1857)
- Stjepan Radić, Croatian politician (assassinated) (b. 1871)
- August 12 – Leoš Janáček, Czech composer (b. 1854)[319]
- August 16 – Carlo Del Prete, Italian aviator (b. 1897)
- August 19
- Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, British politician, lawyer (b. 1856)
- Stephanos Skouloudis, 34th prime minister of Greece (b. 1838)
- August 25 – Alfred Meyer-Waldeck, German admiral (b. 1864)
- August 27 – Émile Fayolle, French general (b. 1852)
- August 30
- Sir Hugh Evan-Thomas, British admiral (b. 1862)
- Wilhelm Wien, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1864)[320]
September
- September 13 – Italo Svevo, Italian writer, businessman (b. 1861)[321]
- September (unknown date) – Ioan Culcer, Romanian general and politician (b. 1853)
October
- October 1 – Cecilia Eusepi, Italian religious leader and blessed (b. 1910)
- October 8 – Larry Semon, American film actor (b. 1889)
- October 13 – Dagmar of Denmark, later Maria Fyodorovna, wife of Tsar Alexander III and Empress Consort of Russia (b. 1847)
- October 22 – Andrew Fisher, 5th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1862)
- October 30 – Robert Lansing, U.S. Secretary of State (b. 1864)
November
- November 6 – Arnold Rothstein, Jewish-American businessman, gangster (b. 1882)[322]
- November 10 – Alexander Trepov, former prime minister of the Russian Empire (b. 1862)
- November 13
- Enrico Cecchetti, Italian ballet dancer (b. 1850)
- Oskar Victorovich Stark, Russian admiral, explorer (b. 1846)
- November 17 – Lala Lajpat Rai (The Lion of Punjab), Indian independence movement leader (b. 1865)
- November 18 – Mauritz Stiller, Finnish screenwriter, director (b. 1883)
- November 21 – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, German prince (b. 1858)
- November 24 – Alphonse Jacques de Dixmude, Belgian general (b. 1858)
- November 26 – Reinhard Scheer, German admiral (b. 1863)
- November 27 – Frank Hedges Butler, British wine merchant, founding member of the Aero Club of Great Britain (b. 1855)
December
- December 1
- Arthur Gore, British tennis player (b. 1868)
- José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian writer (b. 1888)[323]
- December 2 – Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, 2nd Governor-General of Australia (b. 1852)
- December 10 – Charles Rennie Mackintosh, British architect (b. 1868)[324]
- December 11 – Lewis Howard Latimer, American inventor (b. 1848)
- December 12 – Patriarch Gregory IV of Antioch (b. 1859)
- December 14
- Theodore Roberts, American actor (b. 1861)
- Pierre Ruffey, French general (b. 1851)
- December 16 – Elinor Wylie, American poet and novelist (b. 1885)
- December 17 – Eglantyne Jebb, British human rights activist, co-founder of Save the Children (b. 1876)[325]
- December 19 – Italo Svevo, Italian writer (b. 1861)[326]
- December 21 – Luigi Cadorna, Italian general (b. 1850)
- December 25 – Fred Thomson, American actor (b. 1890)
Nobel Prizes
References
- ^ Griffith, Fred. (January 1928). "The Significance of Pneumococcal Types". Journal of Hygiene. 27 (2). Cambridge University Press: 113–159. doi:10.1017/S0022172400031879. JSTOR 4626734. PMC 2167760. PMID 20474956.
- ^ Downie, A. W. (1972). "Pneumococcal transformation – a backward view: Fourth Griffith Memorial Lecture" (PDF). Journal of General Microbiology. 73 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1099/00221287-73-1-1. PMID 4143929. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
- ^ G. Patrick Armstrong (1985). Chronology of Soviet History, 1917–1984. Department of National Defence, Canada, Operational Research and Analysis Establishment, Directorate of Strategic Analysis. p. 1927.
- ^ Esther Leslie (May 20, 2000). Walter Benjamin: Overpowering Conformism. Pluto Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-7453-1568-3.
- ^ "Anak Krakatoa". Today in Science History. Todayinsci. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
- ^ Leavitt, Amie Jane (2011). Anatomy of a Volcanic Eruption. Capstone Press.
- ^ Nelson Lichtenstein (1997). Walter Reuther: The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit. University of Illinois Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-252-06626-9.
- ^ "Transatlantic Television in 1928". Baird Television. Retrieved September 29, 2015. Extract from The New York Times 1928-02-09.
- ^ The Olympic Games and Music. International Olympic Committee. 1996. p. 51.
- ^ Thomas T Mackie & Richard Rose (1991) The International Almanac of Electoral History, Macmillan, p281
- ^ The Washingtonian. Washington Magazine, Incorporated. 1987. p. 9.
- ^ Chalmers Johnson (1990). An Instance of Treason: Ozaki Hotsumi and the Sorge Spy Ring. Stanford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-8047-1767-0.
- ^ Shahar, Meir (2008). The Shaolin Monastery: History, Religion, and the Chinese Martial Arts. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-8248-3349-7.
- ^ U.S. Air Services. Air Service Publishing Company. 1928. p. 34.
- ^ "الإخوان المسلمون: حضور في 52 دولة". Al Jazeera Mubasher (in Arabic). March 21, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
- ^ Mary E. Buck (September 16, 2019). The Amorite Dynasty of Ugarit: Historical Implications of Linguistic and Archaeological Parallels. BRILL. p. 1. ISBN 978-90-04-41511-9.
- ^ Not much is known about the West Plains Dance Hall explosion. Much of this event has been lost in time, and since forensic science was still developing, the cause was never discovered.
- ^ Robert Jackson (1983). The Sky Their Frontier: The Story of the World's Pioneer Airlines and Routes, 1920–40. Airlife Pub. Limited. pp. 7–11. ISBN 978-0-906393-28-4.
- ^ Annali di geofisica. Istituto nazionale di geofisica. 2001. p. 546.
- ^ OED (1933, 1978 vol. 1, pp. xxv, xxvl).
- ^ NGDC (1972), Search result: Country=Greece (Data Set), National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
- ^ Cherundolo, Gina; Porter, Carly (March 11, 2010). "Is Winter Finally Over?". AccuWeather.com. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ Annual Register. J. Dodsley. 1929. p. 291.
- ^ Ruiqing Luo; Zhengcao Lü; Zhengcao Lu; Bingnan Wang (1983). Zhou Enlai and the Xi'an Incident: An Eyewitness Account : a Turning Point in Chinese History. Foreign Languages Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8351-1053-2.
- ^ John William Ransom Taylor (1959). A Picture History of Flight. E. Hulton. p. 111.
- ^ "Coca-Cola Park : History". January 3, 2013. Archived from the original on January 3, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ "Italia: the Airship Crash Chronicle". italia.tass.com. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
- ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ^ Milling & Baking News. Sosland Pub. March 2008. p. 40.
- ^ a b "Álvaro Obregón" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- ^ United States Olympic Committee (1961). Report: Games of the Olympiad. United States Olympic Committee. p. 22.
- ^ Steinar Bryn (1993). The Americanization of Norwegian Culture. University of Minnesota. p. 207.
- ^ Paul Shankman (December 3, 2009). The Trashing of Margaret Mead: Anatomy of an Anthropological Controversy. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-299-23453-9.
- ^ United States. Department of State (1953). Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 603.
- ^ Nash, Jay (1995). Bloodletters and badmen : a narrative encyclopedia of American criminals from the Pilgrims to the present. New York: M. Evans and Co. p. 502. ISBN 9780871317773.
- ^ Chapman, Matthew (2010). The Snail and the Ginger Beer: the story of Donoghue v Stevenson. London: Wildy, Simmons & Hill. ISBN 978-0-85490-049-7.
- ^ Robert H. Ferrell (1969). Peace in Their Time: The Origins of the Kellogg-Briand Pact. Norton.
- ^ Genc Myftiu (2000). Albania, a Patrimony of European Values: A Short Encyclopedia of Albanian History and Cultural Heritage. SEDA. p. 30.
- ^ "Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906–1971)". The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Archived from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
- ^ Farnsworth, Elma G. (1989). Distant Vision: Romance & Discovery on an Invisible Frontier. Salt Lake City: PemberleyKent. p. 108. ISBN 0-9623276-0-3.
- ^ Dubey, R. C. (1999). Text book of Microbiology. New Delhi: S. Chand & Company Ltd. p. 579. ISBN 9788121926201.
- ^ "Culture shock will highlight penicillin discovery" (PDF) (Press release). London: Royal Society of Chemistry. September 2, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
- ^ Ingrid Sharp; Matthew Stibbe (February 14, 2011). Aftermaths of War: Women's Movements and Female Activists, 1918–1923. BRILL. p. 191. ISBN 978-90-04-18276-9.
- ^ James Riordan (June 30, 1980). Sport in Soviet Society: Development of Sport and Physical Education in Russia and the USSR. CUP Archive. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-521-28023-5.
- ^ The Irish Catholic Directory. J. Duffy and Company. 1960. p. 44.
- ^ David Abner Talbot (1955). Haile Selassie I: Silver Jubilee. W.P. van Stockum. p. 24.
- ^ Hans Haug (1993). Humanity for All: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. P. Haupt. p. 424. ISBN 978-3-258-04719-5.
- ^ Ricklefs (1982). A History of Modern Indonesia (reprint ed.). Macmillan Southeast Asian. p. 177. ISBN 0-333-24380-3.
- ^ Funston, John, ed. (2001). Government & Politics in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 75. ISBN 9789812301345.
- ^ Jacob M. Landau (1984). Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey. BRILL. p. 201. ISBN 90-04-07070-2.
- ^ Dickson, Lovat (1975). Radclyffe Hall at The Well of Loneliness: A Sapphic Chronicle. Collins. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-00-211235-2.
- ^ Baker, Michael (1985). Our Three Selves: A Life of Radclyffe Hall. London: GMP Publishers. ISBN 0-85449-042-6.
- ^ Foster, Jeanette H. (1956). Sex Variant Women in Literature: A Historical and Quantitative Survey. New York: Vantage Press.
- ^ The New Yorker. F-R Publishing Corporation. 1988. p. 85.
- ^ Flying Magazine. June 1931. p. 14.
- ^ "Religion:York to Canterbury". Time. New York: Time Inc. August 6, 1928. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. (subscription required)
- ^ Fahima Rahimi (1986). Women in Afghanistan. Stiftung Bibliotheca Afghanica. p. 42.
- ^ Boone, Jon (July 13, 2016). "Abdul Sattar Edhi obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
- ^ Robert Kisala (October 1, 1999). Prophets of Peace: Pacifism and Cultural Identity in Japan's New Religions. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8248-2267-5.
- ^ Abdul Rahman Ya'kub (Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Haji) (1977). Blueprint for Peace: Selected Speeches on Security. Syarikat Norwan. p. 1.
- ^ Chakar Ali Junejo (1996). Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: A Memoir. National Commission on History and Culture. p. 6.
- ^ Hindustan Year-book and Who's who. M. C. Sarkar. 1990. p. 37.
- ^ "William Peter Blatty obituary". The Guardian. January 16, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ^ Horwell, Veronica (June 27, 2019). "Judith Krantz obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- ^ Gino Moliterno (September 11, 2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 526. ISBN 978-1-134-75876-0.
- ^ Philip Levine (1991). On the Poetry of Philip Levine: Stranger to Nothing. University of Michigan Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-472-06392-8.
- ^ "Olympedia – Bengt Gustavsson". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
- ^ Obituaries, Telegraph (December 18, 2019). "Professor Sir Hans Kornberg, German-born biochemist and Master of Christ's College, Cambridge who did pioneering research into how bacteria work – obituary". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- ^ Heinz-D. Fischer (February 14, 2012). Novel / Fiction Awards 1917–1994. Walter de Gruyter. p. 251. ISBN 978-3-11-097211-5.
- ^ The Musical Times. Orpheus. 1966. p. 952.
- ^ Clifford Thompson (December 1999). Current Biography Yearbook: 1999. Hw Wilson Company. p. 519. ISBN 978-0-8242-0988-9.
- ^ Dod's Parliamentary Companion. Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Limited. 2007. p. 691. ISBN 978-0-905702-66-7.
- ^ ISLA. I.S.L.A. May 1982. p. 167.
- ^ The African Communist. South African Communist Party. 1981. p. 18.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1967. p. 283.
- ^ Williams, D. "Desmond Morris Biography". Desmond-morris.com. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
- ^ Bergan, Ronald (August 2, 2007). "Michel Serrault: French comic actor who made his name in the 1970s film La Cage aux Folles". The Guardian. New York, NY. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
- ^ Open Media Research Institute (1996). The OMRI Annual Survey of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, 1995: Building Democracy. M.E. Sharpe. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-56324-924-2.
- ^ Chase's Annual Events. Contemporary Books. 1994. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-8092-3732-6.
- ^ Richard A. Leiby (1999). The Unification of Germany, 1989-1990. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-313-29969-8.
- ^ "Obituary" The Guardian, July 31, 2019
- ^ William D. Chase (September 1987). Chase's Annual Events: Special Days, Weeks and Months in 1988. McGraw-Hill. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-8092-4667-0.
- ^ Moliterno, Gino (September 11, 2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781134758777. Retrieved August 29, 2019 – via Google Books.
- ^ East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (June 3, 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-317-63940-4. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
- ^ Titz, Cristina (February 5, 2021). "Hristu Cândroveanu – un creator neobosit, dedicat cauzei etniei sale". Ziua de Constanța (in Romanian).
- ^ "Zemřel Jiří Brady. Pamětník holokaustu, kterého Zeman odmítl vyznamenat". iDNES.cz (in Czech). January 12, 2019. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
- ^ Stephen Kimber (1999). "Not Guilty": The Trial of Gerald Regan. Stoddart. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-7737-3192-9.
- ^ Wilford, John Noble (July 21, 2005). "John H. Ostrom, Influential Paleontologist, Is Dead at 77". The New York Times. New York.
- ^ "Sir Bruce Forsyth: King of UK gameshows dies aged 89". The Guardian. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
- ^ Paul Elvstrøm (1970). Elvström Speaks – to His Sailing Friends on His Life and Racing Career. Nautical Publishing Company. p. 22. ISBN 9780245598517.
- ^ Chase's Annual Events. Contemporary Books. 1994. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-8092-3732-6.
- ^ Samuel Willard Crompton; Richard Worth (2007). Ariel Sharon. Infobase Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-4381-0464-5.
- ^ Karl Strute; Theodor Doelken (1983). Who's who in Austria: 1982-1983. Who's Who the international red series Verlag. p. 109. ISBN 978-3-921220-44-3.
- ^ "Stanley Baker biography". BBC Wales. August 17, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2021.
- ^ Mary M. Wiles (January 19, 2012). Jacques Rivette. University of Illinois Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-252-07834-7.
- ^ Who's who of American women : 1981–1982 (12th ed.). Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1981. pp. 652–653. ISBN 9780837904122. OCLC 7453358.
- ^ Horst Kliemann (1992). Who's who in Germany. Intercontinental Book and Publishing Company, German editor R. Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 1705. ISBN 9783921220283.
- ^ Gillian Mary Hanson (1999). Understanding Alan Sillitoe. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-57003-219-6.
- ^ "Yelizaveta Dementyevawebsite=Olympic.org". Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Bahamas Handbook and Businessman's Annual. Etienne Dupuch, Jr. Publications. 1978. p. 442.
- ^ Mark Phythian (1997). Arming Iraq: How the U.S. and Britain Secretly Built Saddam's War Machine. Northeastern University Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-55553-285-7.
- ^ Oluranti Afowowe (1998). Onward Soldier Marches on: A Biography of Major-General Robert Adeyinka Adebayo. Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited. p. 7. ISBN 978-978-020-184-5.
- ^ John C. Dove (1992). Who's who in Spain 1992. Who's Who in Italy. p. 976. ISBN 978-88-85246-14-0.
- ^ Barbara Lee Horn (2003). Edward Albee: A Research and Production Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-313-31141-3.
- ^ United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1961). NASA EP. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 5.
- ^ Premi Balzan. Fondazione internazionale Balzan. 2006. p. 125.
- ^ Barry Millington (April 26, 2021). "Christa Ludwig obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
- ^ Who's who in Scandinavia. Who's who. 1981. p. 195. ISBN 9783921220269.
- ^ The Filipino Moving Onward 5' 2007 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 321. ISBN 978-971-23-4154-0.
- ^ Haight, Roger (April 6, 2021). "Hans Küng, influential Vatican II theologian censured by John Paul II, dies at 93". America. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
- ^ Sellers, Robert (January 16, 2009). "Patrick McGoohan: Actor who created and starred in the cult 1960s television series 'The Prisoner'". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ Harris M. Lentz (February 4, 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 574. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2.
- ^ Richard W. Orloff (2000). Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-16-050631-4.
- ^ Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. 1985. p. 290.
- ^ Sooyoung Chang (2011). Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians. World Scientific. p. 115. ISBN 978-981-4282-29-1.
- ^ "20ème anniversaire de l'abolition de la peine de mort en France: Robert Badinter, repères biographiques" [20th anniversary of the abolition of the death penalty in France: biography of Robert Badinter]. www.senat.fr (in French). Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
- ^ Kurt Wolff (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-85828-534-4.
- ^ The Annual Obituary. St. Martin's. 1991. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-55862-175-6.
- ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. pp. 520/1. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
- ^ Elaine Showalter; Lea Baechler; A. Walton Litz (September 27, 1993). Modern American Women Writers. Simon and Schuster. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-02-082025-3.
- ^ Frank N. Magill (May 13, 2013). The 20th Century O-Z: Dictionary of World Biography. Routledge. p. 3897. ISBN 978-1-136-59362-8.
- ^ Raymond Strait (June 13, 2016). James Garner: A Biography. Crossroad Press. p. 141.
- ^ Allan Hunter (1991). Chambers Film and Television Handbook. Chambers. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-550-17250-1.
- ^ International Film and TV Year Book. Screen International, King Publications Limited. 1979. p. 688.
- ^ "Legends profile: Paul Arizin". NBA. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ Ronald L. Smith (1988). Comedy on Record: The Complete Critical Discography. Garland Pub. p. 373. ISBN 978-0-8240-8461-5.
- ^ International Film and TV Year Book. Screen International, King Publications Limited. 1981. p. 472.
- ^ O'Connor, John; Robertson, Edmund. "Mikio Sato". MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive. MacTutor. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
- ^ "Love, Shirley Temple, Collector's Book: 4 Shirley Temple's Official Hospital Birth Certificate". www.theriaults.com. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ Kennedy, Randy (July 6, 2011). "CY TWOMBLY, 1928–2011". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
- ^ Yves Klein; Gilbert Perlein; Bruno Corà (2000). Yves Klein: Long Live the Immaterial. Delano Greenidge Editions. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-929445-08-3.
- ^ "Pioneering Officers". Pakistan Air Force - Official Website. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013.
- ^ Friskics-Warren, Bill (February 23, 2016). "Sonny James, Country Singer Known for 'Young Love,' Dies at 87". The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
- ^ Martin Stuart-Fox (February 6, 2008). Historical Dictionary of Laos. Scarecrow Press. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-8108-6411-5.
- ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 853. ISBN 0-85112-939-0.
- ^ "Profile: Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak". Xinhua News. February 10, 2010. Archived from the original on February 14, 2011.
- ^ Roger Matuz (1997). Inside Sports Golf. Visible Ink Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-57859-007-0.
- ^ The Cruel Sport. Prentice-Hall. 1963. p. 1953.
- ^ Editors of Chase's (September 30, 2018). Chase's Calendar of Events 2019: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 267. ISBN 978-1-64143-264-1.
- ^ Arnold Rüütel (2003). Estonia: Future Returned. Ilo. p. 200. ISBN 978-9985-57-468-3.
- ^ "Anne van der Bijl overleden | Open Doors". www.opendoors.nl/.
- ^ Brock Helander (1999). The Rockin' '60s: The People who Made the Music. Schirmer Books. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-02-864873-6.
- ^ Gale Group (2004). Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Gale Group. p. 454. ISBN 978-0-7876-7337-6.
- ^ Chass, Murray (December 26, 1989). "Billy Martin of the Yankees killed in crash". The New York Times. p. A1.
- ^ Contemporary Books; McGraw-Hill Trade (1996). Chase's Sports Calendar of Events 1997. McGraw-Hill. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-8092-3133-1.
- ^ Daily Report: East Europe. The Service. 1991. p. 54.
- ^ Guy A. Marco (1993). Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound in the United States. Garland Pub. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-8240-4782-5.
- ^ M. Sara Rosenthal (September 30, 2020). Healthcare Ethics on Film. Springer Nature. p. 152. ISBN 978-3-030-48818-5.
- ^ Stagebill. B & B Enterprises, Incorporated. 1984. p. 4.
- ^ "Ivan Kizimov". IOC. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
- ^ JR (April 4, 2019). "'She Was Always in the Present.' Artist JR on the Films and Friendship of Agnès Varda". Time.
- ^ Bernard Blistène; Centre Georges Pompidou; Lisa Dennison (1998). Rendezvous: Masterpieces from the Centre Georges Pompidou and the Guggenheim Museums. Guggenheim Museum Publications. p. 646. ISBN 978-0-8109-6916-2.
- ^ Margaret Scariano (1992). Dr. Ruth Westheimer. Enslow. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-89490-333-5.
- ^ Welsh, James (1999). The cinema of Tony Richardson : essays and interviews. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780791442494.
- ^ "Former California Gov. George Deukmejian, 89". Court House News. May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
- ^ Robert Shail (2007). British Film Directors: A Critical Guide. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780809328321.
- ^ (Association), Sinematek Indonesia (1979). Apa siapa orang film Indonesia, 1926–1978. Yayasan Artis Film. OCLC 569833691.
- ^ Hal Marcovitz (2006). Maurice Sendak. Infobase Publishing. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-7910-8796-1.
- ^ Paul T. Hellmann (February 14, 2006). Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Routledge. p. 756. ISBN 1-135-94859-3.
- ^ "Remembering Disney Legend Richard M. Sherman". The Walt Disney Company. May 25, 2024. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
- ^ Barnes, Mike (May 25, 2024). "Richard Sherman, Oscar-Winning Songwriter on 'Mary Poppins,' Dies at 95". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
- ^ Harris M. Lentz (2002). Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland & Company. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7864-1094-1.
- ^ "John Nash, mathematician - obituary". The Telegraph. May 24, 2015. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
- ^ "Li Ka-shing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
- ^ Donald R. Prothero (July 16, 2019). The Story of the Dinosaurs in 25 Discoveries: Amazing Fossils and the People Who Found Them. Columbia University Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-231-54646-1.
- ^ Nicolás Kanellos; Brown Foundation Professor of Hispanic Literature Nicolas Kanellos; Cristelia Pérez (1995). Chronology of Hispanic-American History: From Pre-Columbian Times to the Present. Gale Research. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-8103-9200-7.
- ^ "Dagmar Rom". IOC. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ John E. Jessup (1998). An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-313-28112-9.
- ^ Joel Whitburn (2009). Joel Whitburn's Music Stars: Brief Bios of Every Recording Artist who Ever Charted. H. Leonard Corporation. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-89820-176-5.
- ^ "Jacques Dupont". Olympic.org. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Wiegand, Chris (July 17, 2017). "Martin Landau obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
- ^ Stephen E. Atkins (2004). Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7.
- ^ Kenneth Chang (April 2, 2017). "Alexei Abrikosov, Nobel Laureate in Physics, Dies at 88". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- ^ Contemporary Authors. Gale Research Company. 1993. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-8103-1971-4.
- ^ Béatrice Delvaux (August 29, 2020). "Antoinette Spaak: une femme libre, avant tout". Le Soir (in French). Retrieved March 14, 2021.
- ^ "Joe Wirkkunen". Olympedia. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
- ^ Spencer C. Tucker (October 8, 2010). The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts [5 volumes]: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts. ABC-CLIO. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-85109-948-1.
- ^ Hodgson, Godfrey (September 24, 2020). "Sir Harold Evans obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved November 2, 2020.
- ^ Who's who in Italy. Who's Who in Italy. 2001. p. 232. ISBN 9788885246454.
- ^ ASEAN Who's who. Kasuya Pub. 1992. p. 1720. ISBN 978-983-9624-06-9.
- ^ Alan L. Selman (December 6, 2012). Complexity Theory Retrospective: In Honor of Juris Hartmanis on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday, July 5, 1988. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-4612-4478-3.
- ^ A. T. Lane (1995). Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 629. ISBN 978-0-313-29900-1.
- ^ Asian Recorder. K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press. 1993. p. 23195.
- ^ Fotheringham, Alasdair (2012). The Eagle of Toledo: The Life and Times of Federico Bahamontes, the Tour's Greatest Climber. London: Aurum Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-78131-037-3.
- ^ "Lord Janner of Braunstone – obituary". The Telegraph. December 20, 2015. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- ^ Laylin K. James, ed. (October 30, 1993). Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901–1992. Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 750. ISBN 978-0-8412-2690-6.
- ^ Kelly Boyd (1999). Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing. Taylor & Francis. p. 1295. ISBN 978-1-884964-33-6.
- ^ The Encyclopaedia of Chess. Hale. 1976. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7091-4697-1.
- ^ Lynn Veach Sadler; Sadler (1990). Anita Brookner. Twayne Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8057-6991-3.
- ^ Floyd Clymer (1962). Indianapolis 500-mile Race History. p. 52.
- ^ "Yoon-chil Choi". Olympic.org. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ Pavlína Kubíková; Petr Kotyk (1999). Czech writers. Ministerstvo kultury ČR. p. 1990. ISBN 978-80-902096-9-5.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1971. p. 131.
- ^ Visitacion R. De la Torre (2002). Cultural Icons of the Philippines. Tower Book House. p. 155.
- ^ Michael Ellul (1998). History on Marble: A Corpus of Inscriptions in the Presidential Palaces in Valletta, San Anton and Verdala, Malta. PEG, Publishers enterprises group. p. 477. ISBN 978-99909-0-103-0.
- ^ "Joe Jackson, Patriarch of the Jackson 5, Has Died at 89". Vanity Fair. June 27, 2018.
- ^ Paul Duncan (2003). Stanley Kubrick: Visual Poet 1928–1999. Taschen. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-8228-1592-2.
- ^ David Alman (1963). Conquest: A Book about Scientists, Their Inquiries and Achievements. Doubleday. p. 32.
- ^ Luigi Colani (1978). Luigi Colani. San'ei Shobo Publishing Company. p. 30.
- ^ Haresh Pandya (May 9, 2000). "Udham Singh". The Guardian. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
- ^ David Sullivan (October 27, 2007). "'Deep Throat' Director Gerard Damiano Dies at 80". AVN. Archived from the original on October 29, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ Gale Group; 60th 96–97 (1996). The International Who's Who: 1996–97. Europa Publications. p. 299. ISBN 978-1-85743-021-9.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Victor Bockris (1998). The Life and Death of Andy Warhol. Fourth Estate. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-85702-805-8.
- ^ Moritz, Charles, ed. (1987). Current Biography Yearbook, 1987. Vol. 48. New York: H. W. Wilson Company. p. 455. OCLC 17332312.
- ^ "Eddie Fisher, former husband of Elizabeth Taylor, dies". The Daily Telegraph. September 24, 2010. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
- ^ "È morto Beniamino Andreatta dopo oltre sette anni di coma" (in Italian). la Repubblica. October 20, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "Obituary – Mohamed Ibrahim Egal". Journal of the Anglo-Somali Society. Anglo-Somali Society: 10. 2001.
- ^ "Nicolas Roeg, film director whose dazzling style was best seen in 'Don't Look Now', 'The Man Who Fell to Earth' and 'Performance' – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. November 24, 2018. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
- ^ Turner Browne; Ken Browne; Elaine Partnow (1983). Macmillan Biographical Encyclopedia of Photographic Artists & Innovators. Macmillan. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-02-517500-6.
- ^ Sweeting, Adam (August 11, 2013). "Eydie Gorme obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- ^ Robyn Karney (1984). The Movie Stars Story. Crescent Books. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-517-43736-0.
- ^ World Free Peoples: Biographical, Monographical. Liviu Mireanu. 1969. p. 12.
- ^ "Christopher William Brasher". Olympic.org. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ Ben Ratliff (October 6, 1999). "Art Farmer, 71, Be-Bop Master of the Trumpet and Fluegelhorn". The New York Times.
- ^ "Gillian Sheen". Olympic.org. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
- ^ Karl Heinrich Wörner (February 18, 1977). Stockhausen. University of California Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-520-03272-9.
- ^ Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (1988). ABN correspondence. p. 47.
- ^ Herbert Kroemer (May 9, 2008). Selected Works Of Professor Herbert Kroemer. World Scientific. p. 76. ISBN 978-981-4474-68-9.
- ^ "Olubadan of Ibadan: Oba Saliu Adetunji don pass away at age 93". BBC News Pidgin. January 2, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
- ^ Europa Publications; Ed 63rd (1999). The International Who's who 2000. Europa Publications. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-85743-050-9.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Cloete Breytenbach (1991). The New South Africa: The Zulu Factor. Luga Publishers. p. 41.
- ^ Robyn Karney (1984). The Movie Stars Story. Crescent Books. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-517-43736-0.
- ^ "Stars of TV's 'Route 66' working on opposite coasts". Albuquerque Journal. November 16, 2003. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
George Maharis was born September 1, 1928, in Astoria, N.Y.
- ^ Encyclopedia of World Biography. Gale Research. 1998. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-7876-2555-9.
- ^ The Annual Obituary. St. Martin's. 1992. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-55862-319-4.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 2001. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-8242-1016-8.
- ^ Vineta Colby; H. W. Wilson (1995). World Authors, 1985-1990. H.W. Wilson. p. 690. ISBN 978-0-8242-0875-2.
- ^ Worcester Art Museum; David Acton; Davenport Museum of Art (Davenport, Iowa) (1998). Master Drawings from the Worcester Art Museum. Hudson Hills Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-55595-147-4.
- ^ Jack Ward (1993). Television Guest Stars: An Illustrated Career Chronicle for 678 Performers of the Sixties and Seventies. McFarland & Company. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-89950-807-8.
- ^ Lentz, Harris M. (February 4, 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 337. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2.
- ^ "Jones, His Honour (John) Geoffrey". Who's Who. Oxford University Press. December 1, 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U22389. ISBN 978-0-19-954089-1. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
- ^ "Olympedia – Hironoshin Furuhashi". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
- ^ Corinne J. Naden (February 1, 2011). The Golden Age of American Musical Theatre: 1943–1965. Scarecrow Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8108-7734-4.
- ^ Gates, Anita (June 10, 2017). "Sad Day for Gotham: Adam West, Who Played Batman, Dies at 88". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Stitt, Interviewed by Peter A. (1991). "Donald Hall, The Art of Poetry No. 43". The Paris Review. Vol. Fall 1991, no. 120. ISSN 0031-2037. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
- ^ Emizet Francois Kisangani; Scott F. Bobb (October 1, 2009). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Scarecrow Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8108-6325-5.
- ^ "Former minister Edwin Grech, father of letterbomb victim Karin, dies at 94". Times of Malta. March 15, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
- ^ Keepnews, Peter (June 4, 2009) "Koko Taylor, Queen of Chicago Blues, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times.
- ^ "Mihály Lantos". Olympic.org. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
- ^ Mark Chmiel (2001). Elie Wiesel and the Politics of Moral Leadership. Temple University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-56639-857-2.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H.W. Wilson Company. 1961. p. 195.
- ^ Rajendra Ojha (1998). Screen World Publication Presents National Film Award Winners: 1953–1997. Screen World Publication. p. 105. ISBN 9788190025829.
- ^ Collins, Glenn (May 10, 1994). "George Peppard Dies; Stage and Screen Actor, 65". The New York Times. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
- ^ Witzel, Morgan (2003). Fifty Key Figures in Management. Routledge. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-415-36977-0.
- ^ "Shridath 'Sonny' Surendranath Ramphal (1928 -)". The Presidence – Government of South Africa. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
- ^ David Wilsford (1995). Political Leaders of Contemporary Western Europe: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 475. ISBN 978-0-313-28623-0.
- ^ Allen Robertson; Donald Hutera (1990). The Dance Handbook. G.K. Hall. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-8161-9095-9.
- ^ John Grasso (September 16, 2011). Historical Dictionary of Tennis. Scarecrow Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-8108-7237-0.
- ^ Ashley Alexander Mallett (2001). Eleven: The Greatest Eleven of the 20th Century. Univ. of Queensland Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-7022-3258-9.
- ^ Classic CD. Unique Communications, Incorporated. 1998. p. 9.
- ^ "Arnfinn Bergmann". Olympic.org. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
- ^ Review of International Affairs. Federation of Yugoslav Journalists. 1990. p. 15.
- ^ United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1995). Daily Report: People's Republic of China. National Technical Information Service. p. 31.
- ^ Feinsand, Mark (October 9, 2020). "Whitey Ford, 'Chairman of the Board,' dies". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (May 1, 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 2108. ISBN 978-1-59339-492-9.
- ^ The Message of Islamic Unity, Issues 39–40. 1981. p. 10.
- ^ Vallance, Tom (January 23, 2006). "Anthony Franciosa; Temperamental leading man". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- ^ Oliver Wainwright (May 26, 2021). "Paulo Mendes da Rocha obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved October 1, 2021.
- ^ H. Graham Rawlinson; J. L. Granatstein (1997). The Canadian 100: The 100 Most Influential Canadians of the Twentieth Century. McArthur. p. 323. ISBN 978-1-55278-005-3.
- ^ Mira Bar-Hillel (January 29, 2014). "Shulamit Aloni: Politician who championed human rights and was fiercely critical of Israel's treatment of Palestine". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
- ^ United States Congress (1979). Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1980: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 430.
- ^ Osamu Tezuka (2020). Ludwig B Vol. 2. Digital Manga, Inc. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-61313-821-2.
- ^ Forum. Ukrainian Fraternal Association. 1997. p. 10.
- ^ Dixler, Elsa (October 23, 2023). "Natalie Zemon Davis, Historian of the Marginalized, Dies at 94". The New York Times. Vol. 173, no. 59952. p. B10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
- ^ Elaine Showalter; Lea Baechler; A. Walton Litz (September 27, 1993). Modern American Women Writers. Simon and Schuster. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-02-082025-3.
- ^ Screen International: The international film & television directory. EMAP Media Information. 1993. p. 71.
- ^ Tracy Chevalier (1997). Encyclopedia of the Essay. Taylor & Francis. p. 315. ISBN 978-1-884964-30-5.
- ^ Ulrich-Joachim (1992). Ursprüngl. angezeigt u.d.T.: Who's who in the Soviet Union today. -. K.G. Saur. p. 174. ISBN 978-3-598-10810-5.
- ^ Sarah Wilson; Eric de Chassey; Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain) (March 2002). Paris: capital of the arts, 1900-1968. Royal Academy of Arts. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-900946-98-1.
- ^ John A. Willis (1957). Theatre World. Crown Publishers. p. 217.
- ^ Betty Kaunda; Stephen A. Mpashi (1969). Betty Kaunda; Wife of the President of the Republic of Zambia. Longmans of Zambia. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-582-60905-1.
- ^ John Clements (1996). Clements' Encyclopedia of World Governments. Political Research, Incorporated. p. 244.
- ^ Encyclopedia of World Biography: 20th Century Supplement. J. Heraty. 1987. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-910081-02-3.
- ^ "Obituary: Dara Singh - the champion loses his final fight". Hindustan Times. IANS. July 12, 2012. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
- ^ Smorodinskaya (October 28, 2013). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture. Routledge. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-136-78785-0.
- ^ John Grasso (November 14, 2013). Historical Dictionary of Boxing. Scarecrow Press. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-8108-7867-9.
- ^ Neil A. Hamilton (1995). Founders of Modern Nations: A Biographical Dictionary. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-87436-750-8.
- ^ Business Tokyo. Keizaikai Company. 1989. p. 56.
- ^ Who's who in Asian and Australasian Politics. Bowker-Saur. 1991. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-86291-593-3.
- ^ Daphne Daume; J. E. Davis (1984). Britannica Book of the Year: 1984. ill. (some col.), maps, ports. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-85229-417-8.
- ^ Hebe de Bonafini: Co-founder of Argentina's Plaza de Mayo mothers group dies at 93
- ^ "Noam Chomsky". Britannica. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- ^ White, Robert (July 1, 2020). "Ida Haendel obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
- ^ Austrian Information. Information Department of the Austrian Consulate General. 2000. p. 8.
- ^ Kucukalic, Lejla (2008). Philip K. Dick: canonical writer of the digital age. Taylor and Francis. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-415-96242-1.
- ^ "Guy Willy Razanamasy : "Entre ceux qui tuent et ceux qui ont laissé tué, ce n'est pas la même chose"". Madagate. May 18, 2011. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
- ^ Who Was Piero Angela, Italy's Most Respected Science Journalist, Forbes
- ^ Slotnik, Daniel E. (February 1, 2019). "Dick Miller, 90, Dies; Character Actor and Roger Corman Mainstay". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
- ^ Alvin K. Benson (2010). Inventors and Inventions. Salem Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-58765-523-4.
- ^ Bernard Cribbins; James Hogg (October 11, 2018). Bernard Who?: 75 Years of Doing Just About Everything. Little, Brown Book Group. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4721-3014-3.
- ^ Edward Komara; Peter Lee (July 2004). The Blues Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 266. ISBN 978-1-135-95832-9.
- ^ Magill, Frank (1999). Dictionary of world biography. Oxfordshire, England New York: Routledge. p. 1261. ISBN 9781136593345.
- ^ "Emily Stevens". Playbill. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ "Alvin Kraenzlein". Olympic.org. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ Widdowson, Peter (1996). Thomas Hardy : Selected Poetry and Non-Fictional Prose. London: Macmillan Education, Limited. p. xx. ISBN 9781349250820.
- ^ "Story of the Crime". Chicago Tribune. January 13, 1928. p. 2. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- ^ 50 Years Before Ted Bundy, Earle Nelson Was The Most Prolific Serial Killer In American History
- ^ Terje Leiren; Jan Sjåvik (October 8, 2019). Historical Dictionary of Norway. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-5381-2312-6.
- ^ Cuquerella, Toni (April 11, 2021). "La complicada historia de la tumba de Blasco Ibáñez, el escritor y político que quería reposar en una València republicana". ElDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ Gary Sheffield (May 19, 2016). Douglas Haig: From the Somme to Victory. Aurum. p. 467. ISBN 978-1-78131-617-7.
- ^ Grundmann, Siegfried (2005). The Einstein dossiers : science and politics—Einstein's Berlin period with an appendix on Einstein's FBI file. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 238. ISBN 9783540311041.
- ^ Daintith, John (1994). Biographical encyclopedia of scientists. Bristol Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Pub. p. 195. ISBN 9780750302876.
- ^ Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; and McNeilly, Donald. Vaudeville, Old and New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America. Routledge Press, September 2006, ISBN 0-415-93853-8. pp. 406–410
- ^ Walther Hubatsch (1980), "Koester, Hans von", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 12, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 405
- ^ Alice M. Robinson; Vera Mowry Roberts; Milly S. Barranger (1989). Notable Women in the American Theatre: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-313-27217-2.
- ^ Bormann, P. (Ed.). (2012). Dedication to the 150th birthday of Emil WIECHERT (1861-1928). In P. Bormann (Ed.), New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP 2) (pp. 1–2). Potsdam: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ.
- ^ "Obituary Notices: Fellows:- Maunder, Edward Walter". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 89: 313. February 1929. Bibcode:1929MNRAS..89..313.. doi:10.1093/mnras/89.4.313.
- ^ "Nina Bang, 1866-1928". danmarkshistorien.dk.
- ^ "Theodore W. Richards – Facts". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
- ^ Roy Kilner England
- ^ Francis Dunlop (1991). Thinkers of Our Time: Scheler. Claridge Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-870626-71-2.
- ^ Graf, Miller (1992). Arctic journeys : a history of exploration for the Northwest Passage. New York: P. Lang. p. 322. ISBN 9780820417455.
- ^ Sharrar, Jack (1998). Avery Hopwood: his life and plays. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780472109630.
- ^ [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frankie-Yale Frankie Yale American gangster]
- ^ Meredith Arms Bzdak (1999). Public Sculpture in New Jersey: Monuments to Collective Identity. Rutgers University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-8135-2699-7.
- ^ Luigi Villari (1929). Italy. C. Scribner's sons. p. 183.
- ^ Holroyd, Michael. A Strange Eventful History, Farrar Straus Giroux, 2008. ISBN 0-7011-7987-2 pages 508-9
- ^ Horsbrugh, Ian (1981). Leoš Janáček, the field that prospered. Newton Abbot New York: David & Charles Scribner's. p. 239. ISBN 9780684174433.
- ^ "Wilhelm Wien – Facts". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
- ^ John Gatt-Rutter; Lecturer in the School of Humanities John GATT-Rutter (1988). Italo Svevo: A Double Life. Clarendon Press. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-19-815848-6.
- ^ Katcher, Leo (1959). The Big Bankroll: The Life and Times of Arnold Rothstein. New York City: Da Capo Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0306805653.
- ^ "Dr. Jose E. Rivera, Author, Dies Here. Colombian Was Writing English Edition of His Novel 'La Voragine'. Prominent Diplomat". New York Times. December 2, 1928. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
- ^ Brodie, Antonia (2001). Directory of British architects, 1834–1914. London New York: Continuum. p. 109. ISBN 9780826455147.
- ^ Bueren, Geraldine (1998). The international law on the rights of the child. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Kluwer Law International. p. 9. ISBN 9789041110916.
- ^ Sorrel Kerbel (November 23, 2004). The Routledge Encyclopedia of Jewish Writers of the Twentieth Century. Routledge. p. 1072. ISBN 978-1-135-45607-8.