Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2019.
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Research
edit- A study aiming to reconstruct the life cycle of the Early Cambrian brachiopods is published by Madison & Kuzmina (2019).[2]
- A study on the anatomy of plectambonitoid specimens from the Middle Ordovician of Russia, and on its implications for the knowledge of life cycles of these brachiopods, is published online by Madison & Kuzmina (2019).[3]
- A study on the petrographic and geochemical preservation of Ordovician dalmanelloid shells from the Lexington Formation of Kentucky, Sheguindah Shale of Ontario and the Stony Mountain Formation of Manitoba, aiming to test the hypothesis of paleo-latitudinal zonation of the shelly benthos, is published by Azmy & Jin (2019).[4]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships among strophomenoid brachiopods and on the biogeographical changes in the strophomenoids through time (focusing on the impact of the Late Ordovician mass extinction on the evolutionary history of strophomenoids) is published by Congreve, Krug & Patzkowsky (2019).[5]
- A study on the internal structure of the shell of Semiplanella carinthica is published by Pakhnevich (2019), who names a new tribe Semiplanellini in the subfamily Gigantoproductinae.[6]
- A study on the diet of species of Gigantoproductus from the Viséan of Derbyshire (United Kingdom), and on its implications for the knowledge of mechanisms that enabled those brachiopod species to reach large sizes, is published by Angiolini et al. (2019).[7]
- A study on the relative importance of brachiopods and bivalves in the fossil assemblages from the Carboniferous Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation of Kentucky is published by Hsieh, Bush & Bennington (2019).[8]
- Description of a specimen of a Permian brachiopod species Spiriferella protodraschei bearing ventrally directed spiralia (lophophore-supporting, coiled internal structures), and a study on the morphology of these structures and their implications for the knowledge of the feeding system of this brachiopod, is published by Lee et al. (2019).[9]
- A study on the evolution of the body size of brachiopods from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic, as indicated by brachiopod specimens from South China, is published by Chen et al. (2019).[10]
- A study on the biogeography of Pliensbachian brachiopods in western Tethys Ocean is published online by Vörös & Escarguel (2019).[11]
- A study on changes in the body size of benthic marine brachiopods and bivalves from the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) before the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event is published by Piazza et al. (2019).[12]
- A study on the impact of the early Toarcian extinction event on fossil brachiopods and bivalves known from the Iberian Range (Spain) is published by Danise et al. (2019).[13]
New taxa
edit| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Blodgett |
Soda Creek Limestone |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Eatoniidae. The type species is A. sodacreekensis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Guo, Chen & Harper |
Qingyan Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Guo, Chen & Harper |
Qingyan Formation |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
He & Shen in He et al. |
A member of Productida belonging to the family Linoproductidae and the subfamily Anidanthinae; a replacement name for Anidanthus mucronata He & Shen in He et al. (2005). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
He, Shi & Shen in He et al. |
A member of Productida belonging to the family Linoproductidae and the subfamily Anidanthinae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks & Popov |
Early Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lee & Shi in Lee et al. |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Spiriferellidae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baarli |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) and Silurian (Aeronian) |
A member of the family Atrypidae. The type species is A. cymbula. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2021. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
MacFarlan |
Diamond Peak Group |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Zeilleriidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Holmer et al. |
A member of Lingulida belonging to the family Aulonotretidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
De Rezende, Machado & Ponciano |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gaetani in Grădinaru & Gaetani |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Norellidae and the subfamily Norellinae. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Holmer et al. |
A member of Kutorginida. The type species is "Nisusia" deissei Bell (1941); genus also includes "Nisusia" montanensis Bell (1941). |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
A member of Spiriferida. Genus includes new species B. brevedorsata. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lavié, Serra & Feltes |
Middle and Late Ordovician |
Las Aguaditas Formation |
A member of Acrotretida belonging to the family Biernatidae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Dulai |
Sant'Agata Fossili Formation |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Megathyrididae. The type species is B. gaetanii. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
||||||
|
Gen. nov |
Valid |
Guo, Chen & Harper |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Torres-Martínez et al. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mottequin et al. |
A member of Athyridida belonging to the family Athyrididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lavié, Serra & Feltes |
Las Aguaditas Formation |
A member of Acrotretida belonging to the family Acrotretidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Brock & Claybourn in Betts et al. |
Early Cambrian |
A member of Paterinata possibly belonging to the family Paterinidae. The type species is C. erinae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Manankov |
A member of Spiriferida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mottequin et al. |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Crassumbidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
Tindouf Basin |
A member of Spiriferinida. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
Tindouf Basin |
||||
|
Subgen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
Tindouf Basin |
The subgenus includes new species C. (E.) djebiletensis. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
Tindouf Basin |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bujtor & Vörös |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baarli |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) and Silurian (Aeronian) |
A member of the family Atrypidae. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2021. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
Tindouf Basin |
A member of Spiriferida. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ushatinskaya & Korovnikov |
A member of Acrotretida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dulai |
Sant'Agata Fossili Formation |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Chlidonophoridae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Blodgett |
Soda Creek Limestone |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the subfamily Leiorhynchinae. The type species is F. kulkovi. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jansen |
Early Devonian |
A member of the family Strophodontidae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mottequin & Weyer |
A member of Spiriferida. The type species is F. hercynica. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Blodgett |
Soda Creek Limestone |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the subfamily Glossinunilinae. The type species is G. alaskensis. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Mottequin & Brice |
A Cyrtiopsinae. The type species is "Cyrtiopsis graciosa" chakhaensis Brice (1971) (raised to the rank of a separate species G. chakhaensis), |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
Tindouf Basin |
A member of Spiriferida. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Jansen |
Early Devonian |
A member of Orthotetida belonging to the family Areostrophiidae. The type species is "Orthothethes" ingens Drevermann (1904). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Feldman et al. |
A member of Terebratulida. Genus includes new species J. ardainensis. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2021. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baarli |
A member of the family Atrypidae. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2021. |
|||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Oleneva |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Adolfiidae. The type species is J. siratchoica; genus also includes new species J. pseudodeflexa, as well as J. pseudomultifida (Vandercammen, 1955), J. biverrucosa (Vandercammen, 1955) and J. solita (Ljaschenko, 1959). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Guo, Chen & Harper |
Qingyan Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zabini et al. |
Iapó Formation |
A member of Discinoidea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Feldman et al. |
Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2021. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mergl |
Middle Devonian |
A member of the family Lingulidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ushatinskaya & Korovnikov |
A member of Acrotretida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
MacFarlan |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Loboidothyrididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
MacFarlan |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Lobothyrididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tazawa in Tazawa, Osawa & Nagura |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Martiniidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
He, Shi & Shen in He et al. |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Martiniidae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Blodgett |
Soda Creek Limestone |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the subfamily Sphaerirhynchinae. The type species is M. kuskokwimensis. |
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|
Micromartinia[45] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Junior homonym |
He & Weldon in He et al. |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Martinioidea. The type species is M. kwangsiella. The generic name is preoccupied by Micromartinia Amsel (1957). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
He et al. |
Carboniferous and Permian |
A member of Strophalosiidina belonging to the family Chonopectidae; a replacement name for Eileenella Racheboeuf in Wongwanich et al. (2004). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
Kuanyinchiao Beds |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
Tindouf Basin |
A member of Spiriferida. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Guo, Chen & Harper |
Qingyan Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bitner in Hryniewicz et al. |
Late Paleocene |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Sellithyridae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Manankov |
A member of Spiriferida. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Holmer et al. |
A member of Kutorginida. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baarli |
Silurian (Rhuddanian and Aeronian) |
A member of the family Atrypidae. The type species is N. phalerata. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2021. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Guo, Chen & Harper |
Qingyan Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mergl |
Acanthopyge Limestone |
A member of Acrotretoidea belonging to the family Biernatidae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Reyes-Abril, Villas & Gutierrez-Marco |
A member of Strophomenoidea. Genus includes new species O. meloui. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gaetani in Grădinaru & Gaetani |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Norellidae and the subfamily Paranorellininae. The type species is O. petersi. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jansen |
Early Devonian |
A member of Enteletoidea belonging to the family Schizophoriidae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Guo, Chen & Harper |
Qingyan Formation |
Genus includes new species P. yangi. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks & Popov |
Early Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
He, Shi & Shen in He et al. |
A member of Orthida belonging to the family Rhipidomellidae. Genus includes new species P. ovatus. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gaetani in Grădinaru & Gaetani |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Norellidae and the subfamily Holcorhynchellinae. |
|||||
|
Subgen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mottequin et al. |
A member of Productida belonging to the family Productellidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gaetani in Grădinaru & Gaetani |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Mentzeliidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gaetani in Grădinaru & Gaetani |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Mentzeliidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gourvennec |
Paleozoic |
Tindouf Basin |
A member of Spiriferida. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
He, Shi & Shen in He et al. |
A member of Orthida belonging to the family Rhipidomellidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Mottequin & Weyer |
A member of Spiriferida. The type species is "Spirifer" macrogaster Roemer (1852). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
MacFarlan |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the superfamily Loboidothyridoidea. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Guo, Chen & Harper |
Qingyan Formation |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baarli |
A member of the family Atrypidae. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2021. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rezende, Ponciano & Brett |
Late Devonian |
Longá Formation |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rojas & Sandy |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
Genus includes S. furcata (Sowerby, 1839) |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Baarli |
A member of the family Atrypidae. The type species is S. patera. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2021. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks & Popov |
Early Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bujtor & Vörös |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lee & Shi in Lee et al. |
Permian (late Artinskian–early Kungurian) |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Spiriferellidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Baranov & Blodgett |
Soda Creek Limestone |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the subfamily Hebetoechiinae. The type species is "Lancemyonia" varia Tcherkesova (1969). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
MacFarlan |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Tegulithyrididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Mottequin et al. |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Pugnacidae. The type species is T. pseudoequitans. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
He, Shi & Shen in He et al. |
A member of Chonetidina belonging to the family Anopliidae and the subfamily Anopliinae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Feldman et al. |
Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2021. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks & Popov |
Early Ordovician |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Manankov |
A member of Spiriferinida. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Oleneva |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Echinospiriferidae. The type species is U. lata; genus also includes U. apschakensis (Krylova, 1955). |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Jin, Mikulic & Kluessendorf |
Mayville Dolomite |
A member of Pentamerida belonging to the family Virgianidae. The type species is BVirgiana barrandei var. major Savage (1916), raised to the rank of a separate species V. major. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yuan et al. |
Baizuo Formation |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Martiniidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
||||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Chen & Rong |
The type species is "Palaeocyclus" haimei Reed. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
MacFarlan |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Zeilleriidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
MacFarlan |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Zeilleriidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
MacFarlan |
A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Zeilleriidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bujtor & Vörös |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Baarli |
A member of the family Atrypidae. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2021. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cocks |
References
edit- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ Anna A. Madison; Tatyana V. Kuzmina (2019). "Early Paleozoic brachiopod larva: true larva, not a juvenile". Invertebrate Zoology. 16 (1): 41–47. doi:10.15298/invertzool.16.1.05.
- ^ Anna A. Madison; Tatyana V. Kuzmina (2019). "The tube-like structures on the juvenile shells of earliest strophomenides and billingsellides as evidence of their life cycles". Lethaia. 53 (1): 91–105. doi:10.1111/let.12342.
- ^ Karem Azmy; Jisuo Jin (2019). "Geochemistry of Late Ordovician dalmanelloid brachiopods from Laurentia: testing the effects of paleolatitudinal gradient". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 56 (3): 235–244. Bibcode:2019CaJES..56..235A. doi:10.1139/cjes-2018-0181. hdl:1807/93806.
- ^ Curtis R. Congreve; Andrew Z. Krug; Mark E. Patzkowsky (2019). "Evolutionary and biogeographical shifts in response to the Late Ordovician mass extinction". Palaeontology. 62 (2): 267–285. Bibcode:2019Palgy..62..267C. doi:10.1111/pala.12397.
- ^ A.V. Pakhnevich (2019). "Shell interior of Semiplanella carinthica Sarytcheva et Legrand-Blain (Brachiopoda, Productida)". Paleontological Journal. 53 (2): 132–139. Bibcode:2019PalJ...53..132P. doi:10.1134/S0031030119020102. S2CID 195319214.
- ^ Lucia Angiolini; Gaia Crippa; Karem Azmy; Giancarlo Capitani; Giorgia Confalonieri; Giovanna Della Porta; Erika Griesshaber; David A. T. Harper; Melanie J. Leng; Leah Nolan; Marco Orlandi; Renato Posenato; Wolfgang W. Schmahl; Vanessa J. Banks; Michael H. Stephenson (2019). "The giants of the phylum Brachiopoda: a matter of diet?" (PDF). Palaeontology. 62 (6): 889–917. Bibcode:2019Palgy..62..889A. doi:10.1111/pala.12433. hdl:2434/657756.
- ^ Shannon Hsieh; Andrew M. Bush; J Bret Bennington (2019). "Were bivalves ecologically dominant over brachiopods in the late Paleozoic? A test using exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages". Paleobiology. 45 (2): 265–279. Bibcode:2019Pbio...45..265H. doi:10.1017/pab.2019.3. S2CID 92276882.
- ^ Sangmin Lee; G. R. Shi; Jikhan Jung; Na Kyung Kim (2019). "Discovery of ventrally directed spiralia in a Permian spiriferellid brachiopod and implications for its feeding system". Lethaia. 52 (4): 513–522. Bibcode:2019Letha..52..513L. doi:10.1111/let.12328. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30121827.
- ^ Jing Chen; Haijun Song; Weihong He; Jinnan Tong; Fengyu Wang; Shunbao Wu (2019). "Size variation of brachiopods from the Late Permian through the Middle Triassic in South China: Evidence for the Lilliput Effect following the Permian-Triassic extinction". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 519: 248–257. Bibcode:2019PPP...519..248C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.013.
- ^ Attila Vörös; Gilles Escarguel (2019). "Brachiopod palaeobiogeography in the western Tethys during the Early Jurassic diversity maximum: introduction of a Pontic Province". Lethaia. 53 (1): 72–90. doi:10.1111/let.12337.
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