Cape Barren Island, officially truwana / Cape Barren Island,[5] is a 478-square-kilometre (185 sq mi) island in Bass Strait, off the north-east coast of Tasmania, Australia. It is the second-largest island of the Furneaux Group, with the larger Flinders Island to the north, and the smaller Clarke Island to the south. The highest point on the island is Mount Munro at 715 metres (2,346 ft).[3] Mount Munro is named after James Munro (c. 1779-1845), a former convict turned sealer who, from the 1820s, lived for more than 20 years with various indigenous women on nearby Preservation Island.
Native name: truwana | |
|---|---|
 Cape Barren Island (center) from space, January 1997 | |
 Cape Barren Island (Tasmania) | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bass Strait |
| Coordinates | 40°24′07″S 147°59′28″E / 40.402°S 147.991°E[1] |
| Area | 478.4 km2 (184.7 sq mi)[2] |
| Highest elevation | 715 m (2346 ft)[3] |
| Highest point | Mount Munro |
| Administration | |
Australia | |
| State | Tasmania |
| LGA | Municipality of Flinders Island |
| Largest settlement | The Corner (pop. 60) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 66 (2016) |
| Pop. density | 0.14/km2 (0.36/sq mi) |
| Official name | Cape Barren Island,east coast lagoons |
| Designated | 16 November 1982 |
| Reference no. | 256[4] |
The south-eastern point of the island was named Cape Barren by Tobias Furneaux in HMS Adventure in March 1773.[6]
The island was gazetted as a locality of the Flinders Council in 1968. Its population numbered 66 in 2016,[7] most of them in the settlement called The Corner, on the north-west coast.[8]
Australia's only native goose, the Cape Barren goose, was first documented by European explorers on the island.[citation needed]
History
editSealing is known to have taken place from 1798 when the 80-ton brig Nautilus, under Captain Charles Bishop, arrived from Sydney to commence commercial sealing in Bass Strait.[9] They began operations in Kent’s Bay and took nearly 9000 seal skins in the first season. Other vessels followed from Sydney and the United States. Competition between the sealing gangs led to a violent clash between American and British sealers in 1803.[10]
Today, the residents of Cape Barren Island consist of an Aboriginal community of approximately 70 people. Most of the residents are descended from a community of mixed descent (European and Aboriginal people), who had originally settled on several smaller nearby islands but relocated to Cape Barren Island in the late 1870s.[11] The colonial government of Tasmania established a formal reserve in 1881 and commenced providing basic social services to the community. By 1908, the population had grown to 250 people.
More active government intervention began in 1912, with the passage of the Cape Barren Act.[12] The stated purpose of the act was to encourage the community to become self-sufficient through both incentives and disincentives. Government visitors throughout the 1920s and 1930s reported poor health and education, and proposals were made to remove children from their parents, ostensibly for their own benefit.
Under threat of losing their children, many families relocated to mainland Tasmania. By 1944, the population had fallen to 106.[11] From the 1950s, the government did indeed remove children from their parents. That forced removal of children was part of a wider policy of assimilation, implemented in many parts of Australia and over a number of decades, that resulted in the phenomenon known as the "stolen generations". From the 1970s, a series of government policy changes were implemented that provided increasingly greater recognition of the personal and social rights of individuals.[13]
On 10 May 2005, the government released Crown lands on both Cape Barren and Clarke Island to be overseen by the local Aboriginal association.[14] This marked the first official handover of Crown land to an Aboriginal community in Tasmania.
East coast lagoons Ramsar site
editOn 16 November 1982, the east coast lagoons were recognised as being wetlands of international importance by being designated Ramsar site no.256. The site comprises a 4,370-hectare (10,800-acre) complex of shallow, saline lagoons among stretches of coastal dunes and beaches. It supports various plants of special botanical interest, including nationally rare species, as well as many waterbirds.[15]
Access
editAirlines of Tasmania operates a twice-weekly scheduled air service from Launceston. Various charter flight operators offer charter flights from either Tasmania, Australia or Victoria, Australia.
From Flinders Island, Cape Barren island is only a short boat trip away. Cape Barren, with the other islands in the Furneaux Group, are a popular destination for sea kayakers who attempt the crossing of Bass Strait from the Australian mainland at Wilsons Promontory, Victoria to the Tasmanian mainland.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Cape Barren Island, Tasmania (Islands & Reefs)". Gazetteer of Australia online. Geoscience Australia, Australian Government. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
- ^ "UN System-Wide Earthwatch Web Site Island Directory Tables Islands by Altitude". web page. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 18 February 1998. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ a b "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Altitude". UN System-Wide Earthwatch Web Site. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 18 February 1998. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ "Cape Barren Island,east coast lagoons". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ "Survey Co-ordination (21403)" (PDF). Tasmanian Government Gazette. 5 February 2014. p. 155. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ Sprod, Dan (2005). "Furneaux, Tobias (1735–1781)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 5 May 2008.
- ^ "2016 Census QuickStats: Cape Barren Island". www.censusdata.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
- ^ "National Museum of Australia - Cape Barren Island, TAS". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ Kostoglou, Parry (1996). Sealing in Tasmania historical research project (First ed.). Hobart: Parks and Wildlife Service. pp. 81–6.
- ^ Kostoglou, p.82-4.
- ^ a b "The 'Black War'". Archived from the original on 10 September 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ^ "THE CAPE BARREN ISLAND RESERVE ACT, 1912" (PDF). 1912. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ^ "The Laws: Tasmania". Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2007.
- ^ "ABORIGINAL AFFAIRS - POLICY ADVICE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES". 2005. Archived from the original on 1 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- ^ "The Annotated Ramsar List: Australia". The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. 4 January 2000. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2010.