Kumandin language

Kumandin
Kumandin
къуманды / къубанды / къуўанды / къувандыг
Native to	Russia
Region	Altai Republic, Altai Krai
Ethnicity	Kumandins
Native speakers	654 (2021)
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Siberian Turkic South Siberian Yenisei Turkic Northern Altai Kumandin; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Cyrillic, Latin (formerly)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	kuma1284
ELP	Kumandin
	A map of the Altai languages, including Kumandin (in blue).

The Kumandin language is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia.The Kumandins name themselves "Kumandi-Kiji".

Internal classification

Kumandin is classed in the Siberian Turkic branch of the Turkic languages. It is considered as a dialect of Northern Altai. The Kumandin subgroup of the Altai can understand Tubalar and Chelkan, aside from Kumandin.^[2]

Phonology

Consonants

^[3]

		Labial	Dental/Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal		/m/	/n/		/ɲ/	/ŋ/
Stop	plain	/p/	/t/			/k/
Stop	long	/pː/	/tː/			/kː/
Fricative	voiceless		/s/	/ʃ/
Fricative	voiced					/ɣ/
Affricate				/t͡ʃ/
Approximant			/l/		/j/
Trill			/r/

Vowels

^[3]

	Front		Back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
High	/i/, /iː/	/y/, /yː/	/ɯ/, /ɯː/	/u/, /uː/
Low	/ɛ/, /ɛː/	/œ/, /œː/	/ɑ/, /ɑː/	/ɒ/, /ɒː/

Orthography

During the Latinisation period in the Soviet Union, a Latin-based script was developed for the Kumandin language. It was used from 1932 to 1939, when teaching in Kumandin was stopped.^[4]

A a	B ʙ	C c	D d	E e	F f	G g	I i
J j	K k	L l	M m	N n	Ꞑ ꞑ	O o	Ɵ ɵ
P p	R r	S s	Ş ş	T t	U u	V v	X x
Y y	Z z	Ƶ ƶ	Ь ь

In recent years, the Kumandin language is being written again. The orthography below was created in 2005, when it was published for use by children.

А а	Б б	В в	Г г	Ғ ғ	Д д	Е е	Ё ё
Ж ж	З з	И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м	Н н
Ҥ ҥ	Нь нь	О о	Ö ö	П п	Р р	С с	Т т
У у	Ӱ ӱ	Ф ф	Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ш ш	Щ щ
Ъ ъ	Ы ы	Ь ь	Э э	Ю ю	Я я