The French government gives out the Legion of Honour awards, to both French[1] and foreign[2] nationals, based on a recipient's exemplary services rendered to France, or to the causes supported by France. This award is divided into five distinct categories (in ascending order[3]), i.e. three ranks: Knight, Officer, Commander, and two titles: Grand Officer and Grand Cross. Knight is the most common and is awarded for either at least 20 years of public service or acts of military or civil bravery.[3] The rest of the categories have a quota for the number of years of service in the category below before they can be awarded. The Officer rank requires a minimum of eight years as a Knight, and the Commander, the highest civilian category for a non-French citizen, requires a minimum of five years as an Officer. The Grand Officer and the Grand Cross are awarded only to French citizens, and each requires three years' service in their respective immediately lower rank.[4] The awards are traditionally published and promoted on 14 July.[5]
The following is a non-exhaustive list of recipients of the Legion of Honour awards, since the first ceremony in May 1803.[3] 2,550 individuals can be awarded the insignia every year.[5] The total number of awards is close to 1 million[6] (estimated at 900,000 in 2021,[5] including over 3,000 Grand Cross recipients[7]), with some 92,000 recipients alive today.[8] Only until 2008 was gender parity achieved amongst the yearly list of recipients, with the total number of women recipients since the award's establishment being only 59 at the end of the second French empire and only 26,000 in 2021.[5]
| Recipient | Dates (birth – death) |
General work & reason for the recognition | Award category (date) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khalil Ibrahim Pasha | 1957 – 2011 | Sudanese insurgent leader who was the founder of the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM). | TBA[citation needed] |
| Jean Ichbiah | 1940 – 2007 | French computer scientist | Knight (1979)[9] |
| René Iché | 1897 – 1954 | 20th-century French sculptor | TBA[citation needed] |
| Idris | 1890 – 1983 | Libyan political and religious leader, who served as the emirate and then the King of Libya. |
|
| Toomas Hendrik Ilves | 1953 – Present | Estonian politician, and fourth president of Estonia. |
|
| Im Kwon-taek | 1934 – Present | South Korean film director. | Knight (30 November 2007)[10][11] |
| Sofia Imber | 1924 – 2017 | Romanian-born Venezuelan journalist and supporter of the arts. | Knight (TBA)[citation needed] |
| Daniel Inouye | 1924 – 2012 | American lawyer and politician who served as a United States senator from Hawaii. | Knight (6 November 2007)[12] |
| Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside | 1880 – 1959 | Senior British Army officer who served as Imperial General Staff Chief during the first year of the World War II. |
|
| Bidzina Ivanishvili | 1956 – Present | Georgian politician, businessman, philanthropist and former Prime Minister of Georgia. | Knight (31 December 2020)[14][15] |
| Frances Ivens | 1870 – 1944 | Obstetrician and gynaecological surgeon. Recognised for her services to the French forces at Royaumont. | Knight (TBA)[16] |
See also
edit
- Legion of Honour
- List of Legion of Honour recipients by name
- List of foreign recipients of Legion of Honour by name
- List of foreign recipients of the Legion of Honour by country
- List of British recipients of the Legion of Honour for the Crimean War
- Legion of Honour Museum
- Ribbons of the French military and civil awards
- War Cross (France)
References
edit- ^ Légion Code, article 16.
- ^ Les étrangers qui se seront signalés par les services qu’ils ont rendus à la France ou aux causes qu’elle soutient, Légion Code, art. 128.
- ^ a b c "France train attack: Chris Norman awarded Legion d'honneur". BBC News. 24 August 2015. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
- ^ DM, Florey (29 March 2017). "Michelle Yeoh receives France's highest civilian honour". Cinema Online. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021. Alt URL
- ^ a b c d "The Grand Chancellery is co-producing a film on women and the Legion of Honor". The Grand Chancellery of the Legion of Honour. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
- ^ "Legion of Honour". Australian Government – Department of Veteran's Affairs. 31 January 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
- ^ Wattel, Michel; Wattel, Béatrice (2009). "Les Grand Croix de la Légion d'honneur. De 1805 à nos jours, titulaires français et étrangers". Archives & Culture.
- ^ Benoist, Chloé (18 December 2020). "Explained: Sisi, Macron and the dubious history of France's Legion of Honour". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
- ^ "Jean Ichbiah (1940–2007)". Ada Information Clearinghouse. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022.
- ^ Lee, Hyo-won (28 November 2007). "France to Award Director Im Kwon-taek". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ Yang, Sung-jin. "Great filmmaker Im to get French Legion of Honor". naver.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
- ^ "France's President Sarkozy awards US Senator Inouye with the Legion of Honour medal in Washingtondate=6 November 2007". Townhall. Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
- ^ "Lord Ironside". Unit Histories. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
- ^ "Promotion et nomination dans l'ordre national de la Légion d'honneur et dans l'ordre national du Mérite" (PDF). Legiondhonneur.fr (Edition spéciale du Journal officiel de la République française ed.). p. 18. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ Tbilisi, Georgia (6 January 2021). "President Macron grants ruling party chair Ivanishvili top French award". Agenda.ge. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "RCOG Roll of Active Service, 1914-1918" (PDF). Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2014. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2015.