Wikipedia

List of heads of state and government who were later imprisoned

This is a list of heads of government who were later imprisoned. There have been several individuals throughout history who served as head of state or head of government (such as president, prime minister or monarch) of their nation states and later became prisoners. Any serving or former head who was placed under house arrest, overthrown in a coup or became a prisoner of war is also included. Leaders who were kidnapped by insurgents or those who received an Interpol notice that was not consummated are not included.

Africa

edit
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later
imprisonment		 Reason
  Muhammad VIII al-Amin   Tunisia Bey of Tunis (1943–1956) & King of Tunisia (1956–1957) 1957 Overthrown[1]
  Patrice Lumumba   Democratic Republic of the Congo Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960) 1961 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
  Ahmed Ben Bella   Algeria President of Algeria (1963–1965) 1965 Overthrown[3]
  Ntare V of Burundi   Burundi King of Burundi (1966) 1966 Overthrown
  Alphonse Massamba-Débat   Republic of the Congo President of the Republic of the Congo (1963–1968) 1968 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
  Modibo Keïta   Mali President of Mali (1960–1968) 1968 Overthrown[4][5]
  Idris of Libya   Libya King of Libya (1951–1969) 1969 Overthrown
  Hamani Diori   Niger President of Niger (1960–1974) 1974 Overthrown[6]
  Haile Selassie   Ethiopia Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974) 1974 Overthrown[7]
  Moktar Ould Daddah   Mauritania President of Mauritania (1960–1978) 1978 Overthrown[8]
Ali Soilih   Comoros Head of State of the Comoros (1976–1978) 1978 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[9]
Ignatius Kutu Acheampong   Ghana Head of state of Ghana (1972–1978) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Akwasi Afrifa   Ghana Head of state of Ghana (1969–1970) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Fred Akuffo   Ghana Head of state of Ghana (1978–1979) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
  Francisco Macías Nguema   Equatorial Guinea President of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[11]
  Luís Cabral   Guinea-Bissau President of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980) 1980 Overthrown
  Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla   Mauritania President of Mauritania (1980–1984) 1984 Colluding with a foreign power[12]
  Jean-Bédel Bokassa   Central African Republic President of the Central African Republic (1966–1976)
Emperor of Central Africa (1976–1979)		 1987 Murder[13]
  Mengistu Haile Mariam   Ethiopia President of Ethiopia (1987–1991) 1991 Overthrown
  Moussa Traoré   Mali President of Mali (1968–1991) 1993 Overthrown[14]
Jean Kambanda   Rwanda Prime Minister of Rwanda (1994) 1998 Crimes against humanity[15]
  Canaan Banana   Zimbabwe President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987) 1999 Homosexuality[16]
  João Bernardo Vieira   Guinea-Bissau President of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984, 1984–1999, 2005–2009)
Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau &
Vice President of Guinea-Bissau (1977–1980)		 1999 Overthrown
  Kumba Ialá   Guinea-Bissau President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003) 2003 Overthrown
  Pasteur Bizimungu   Rwanda President of Rwanda (1994–2000) 2004 Corruption[17]
  Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya   Mauritania Prime Minister of Mauritania (1981–1984, 1984–1992)
President of Mauritania (1984–2005)		 2005 Overthrown[18]
Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó   Equatorial Guinea Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006) 2007 Corruption[19]
  Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi   Mauritania President of Mauritania (2007–2008) 2008 Overthrown[20]
Mohamed Bacar   Anjouan President of Anjouan (2001–2008) 2008 Illegally entering a country[21]
  Marc Ravalomanana   Madagascar President of Madagascar (2005–2009) 2010 Murder[22]
  Mamadou Tandja   Niger President of Niger (1999–2010) 2010 Overthrown[23]
Eugene Koffi Adoboli   Togo Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000) 2011 Corruption[24]
Abuzed Omar Dorda   Libya Prime Minister of Libya (1990–1994) 2011 Crimes against humanity[25]
  Baghdadi Mahmudi   Libya Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011) 2011 Illegally entering a country[26]
  Muammar Gaddafi   Libya Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011) & Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977) 2011 Overthrown
  Hosni Mubarak   Egypt President of Egypt (1981–2011)
Prime Minister of Egypt (1981–1982)
Vice-President of Egypt (1975–1981)		 2011 Overthrown
  Zine El Abidine Ben Ali   Tunisia President of Tunisia (1987–2011) 2011 Overthrown[27]
  Charles Taylor   Liberia President of Liberia (1997–2003) 2012 Crimes against humanity[28]
  Raimundo Pereira   Guinea-Bissau President of Guinea-Bissau (2009, 2012) 2012 Overthrown
  François Bozizé   Central African Republic President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013) 2013 Overthrown[29]
  Ephraïm Inoni   Cameroon Prime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009) 2013 Corruption[30]
  Mohamed Morsi   Egypt President of Egypt (2012–2013) 2013 Overthrown[31][32]
Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira   Burundi Vice-President of Burundi (1998–2001) 2015 Bribery[33]
  Jean-Pierre Bemba   Democratic Republic of the Congo Vice-Presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003–2006) 2016 Crimes against humanity[34]
  Hissène Habré   Chad President of Chad (1982–1990) 2016 Crimes against humanity[35]
  Robert Mugabe   Zimbabwe Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)		 2017 Overthrown[36]
  Hama Amadou   Niger Prime Minister of Niger (1995–1996 & 2000–2007) 2017 Child smuggling[37]
  Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi   Comoros President of the Comoros (2006–2011) 2018 Corruption[38]
  Youcef Yousfi   Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria (2014) 2019 Corruption[39]
  Abdelmalek Sellal   Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria (2012–2017) 2019 Corruption[40]
  Ahmed Ouyahia   Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria (1995–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012 & 2017–2019) 2019 Corruption[40]
  Mohamed Tahir Ayala   Sudan Prime Minister of Sudan (2019) 2019 Overthrown[41]
  Omar al-Bashir   Sudan President of Sudan (1989–2019) 2019 Overthrown[42][43][44]
  Guillaume Soro   Ivory Coast Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012) 2020 Corruption[45]
  Tom Thabane   Lesotho Prime Minister of Lesotho (2012–2015 & 2017–2020) 2020 Murder[46]
  Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta   Mali President of Mali (2013–2020) 2020 Overthrown[47]
  Pierre Habumuremyi   Rwanda Prime Minister of Rwanda (2011–2014) 2020 Fraud[48]
  Bah Ndaw   Mali President of Mali (2020–2021) 2021 Overthrown[49]
  Moctar Ouane   Mali Prime Minister of Mali (2020–2021) 2021 Overthrown[49]
  Alpha Condé   Guinea President of Guinea (2010–2021) 2021 Overthrown[50]
  Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz   Mauritania President of Mauritania (2009–2019) 2021 Corruption[51]
  Yahya Ould Hademine   Mauritania Prime Minister of Mauritania (2014–2018) 2021 Corruption[52]
  Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir   Mauritania Prime Minister of Mauritania (2018–2019) 2021 Corruption[52]
  Jacob Zuma   South Africa President of South Africa (2009–2018) 2021 Corruption[53]
  Alpha Condé   Guinea President of Guinea (2010–2021) 2021 Overthrown[54]
  Roch Marc Christian Kaboré   Burkina Faso President of Burkina Faso (2015–2022) 2022 Overthrown[55]
 
 Moussa Dadis Camara   Guinea President of Guinea (2008–2010) 2022 Imprisoned before trial[56]
  Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba   Burkina Faso President of Burkina Faso (2022) 2022 Overthrown[57]
  Ibrahima Kassory Fofana   Guinea Prime Minister of Guinea (2018–2021) 2022 Embezzlement[58]
  Blaise Compaoré   Burkina Faso President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014) 2022 Murder[59]
  Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni   Burundi Prime Minister of Burundi (2020–2022) 2023 Attempted coup[60]
  Noureddine Bedoui   Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria (2019) 2023 Corruption[61]
  Mohamed Bazoum   Niger President of Niger (2021–2023) 2023 Overthrown[62]
  Ali Bongo Ondimba   Gabon President of Gabon (2009–2023) 2023 Overthrown[63]

Asia

edit
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later
imprisonment		 Reason
Li Si   China Imperial Chancellor (208 BC) 208 BC Treason (Executed by Waist chop)
  Zhao Gao   China Imperial Chancellor (208–207 BC) 207 BC Overthrown (Stabbed to death)
  Ziying of Qin   China Ruler of Qin (207 BC) 206 BC Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
  Huai of Jin   China Emperor of China (Western Jin) (307–311) 313 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
  Min of Jin   China Emperor of China (Western Jin) (313–316) 318 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
  Tianzuo of Liao   China Emperor of the Liao Dynasty (1101–1125) 1156 Overthrown (Executed by being shot to death with arrows)
  Qinzong of Song   China Emperor of the Song Dynasty (1126–1127) 1127 Captured by enemy forces during the Jingkang incident
  Wen Tianxiang   China Grand Chancellor of the Song Dynasty (1275–1278) 1283 Treason (Executed by beheading)
  Mehmed VI   Turkey Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1918–1922) 1922 Overthrown
  Puyi   China Emperor of Manchukuo (1934–1945) and Emperor of China (1908–1912) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Chen Gongbo   Collaborationist China President of the Republic of China (1944–1945) 1946 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
  Liang Hongzhi   Collaborationist China President of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938–1940) 1946 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
  Kōki Hirota   Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1936–1937) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
  Hiranuma Kiichirō   Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Kuniaki Koiso   Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Masaharu Homma   Japan Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
  Shigenori Kuroda   Japan Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Tomoyuki Yamashita   Japan Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
  Jirō Minami   Japan Governor-General of Korea (1936–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Takashi Sakai   Japan Governor of Hong Kong (1941–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
  Rensuke Isogai   Japan Governor of Hong Kong (1942–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Hisakazu Tanaka   Japan Governor of Hong Kong (1945) 1947 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
  Yoshijirō Umezu   Japan Governor-General of Kwantung (1939–1944) 1948 Crimes against humanity
  Heitarō Kimura   Japan Governor of Hong Kong (1944–1945) 1948 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
  Hideki Tojo   Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1941–1944) 1948 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
  Faisal II of Iraq   Iraq King of Iraq (1939–1958) 1958 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
  Nuri al-Said   Iraq Prime Minister of Iraq (1930–1958) 1958 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
  Adnan Menderes   Turkey Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960) 1960 Treason (Executed by hanging)[64]
  Celâl Bayar   Turkey President of Turkey (1950-1960) 1960 Treason[65]
  Abd al-Karim Qasim   Iraq Prime Minister of Iraq (1958–1963) 1963 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
  Sukarno   Indonesia President of Indonesia (1945–1967) 1967 Overthrown[66]
  Liu Shaoqi   China Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1958–1968) 1968 Treason[67]
  Said bin Taimur   Oman Sultan of Oman (1932–1970) 1970 Overthrown
Tajuddin Ahmad   Bangladesh Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1971–1972) 1975 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[68]
  Muhammad Mansur Ali   Bangladesh Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1975) 1975 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[68]
  Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad   Bangladesh President of Bangladesh (1975) 1975 Overthrown[68]
  Amir-Abbas Hoveyda   Iran Prime Minister of Iran (1965–1977) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[69]
  Mohammad Reza Pahlavi   Iran Shah of Iran (1941–1979) 1979 Overthrown
  Zulfikar Ali Bhutto   Pakistan President of Pakistan (1971–1973)
Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977)		 1979 Murder (Hanging)[70][71][72]
  Kakuei Tanaka   Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1972–1974) 1983 Bribery[73]
  Zhao Ziyang   China General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1987–1989)
Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980–1987)		 1989 Politically purged
  Hussain Muhammad Ershad   Bangladesh President of Bangladesh (1983–1990) 1990 Corruption[74]
Mohammad Najibullah   Afghanistan President of Afghanistan (1987–1992) 1992 Overthrown (Tortured to death)[75]
  Tursunbek Chyngyshev   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1992–1993) 1994 Corruption[76]
  Chun Doo-hwan   South Korea President of South Korea (1980-1988) 1996 Treason[77]
  Roh Tae-woo   South Korea President of South Korea (1988–1993) 1996 Treason[78]
  Akezhan Kazhegeldin   Kazakhstan Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1994–1997) 1998 Tax evasion[79]
  Necmettin Erbakan   Turkey Prime Minister of Turkey (1996–1997) 1998 Corruption[80]
  Benazir Bhutto   Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990 & 1993–1996) 1999 Corruption[81]
  P. V. Narasimha Rao   India Prime Minister of India (1991–1996) 2000 Corruption[82]
  Moshe Katsav   Israel President of Israel (2000-2007) 2011 Rape[83]
  Suharto   Indonesia President of Indonesia (1968–1998) 2000 Corruption[84]
  Ne Win   Burma Prime Minister of Burma (1958–1960 & 1962–1974)
President of Burma (1974–1981)		 2002 Treason[85]
  Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi   Iraq Prime Minister of Iraq (1991–1993) 2003 Overthrown[86]
  Sa'dun Hammadi   Iraq Prime Minister of Iraq (1991) 2003 Overthrown[87]
  Saddam Hussein   Iraq President of Iraq (1979–2003) 2003 Overthrown (Executed by hanging)[88]
  Khin Nyunt   Burma Prime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004) 2005 Corruption[89]
  Joseph Estrada   Philippines President of the Philippines (1998–2001) 2007 Corruption[90]
  Norodom Ranariddh   Cambodia Prime Minister of Cambodia (1993–1997) 2007 Corruption[91]
  Chen Shui-bian   Taiwan President of the Republic of China (2000–2008) 2009 Bribery[92]
  Abdul Kabir   Afghanistan Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2001) 2010 Terrorism[93]
  Gloria Macapagal Arroyo   Philippines President of the Philippines (2001–2010) 2011 Hospital arrest. Election fraud charges, later dismissed[94]
2012 Hospital arrest. Corruption charges, later dismissed[95]
  Yousaf Raza Gillani   Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012) 2012 Contempt of court[96]
  Nambaryn Enkhbayar   Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
President of Mongolia (2005–2009)		 2012 Corruption[97]
  Abdumalik Abdullajanov   Tajikistan Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992–1993) 2013 Attempted assassination[98]
Daniar Usenov   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2009–2010) 2013 Corruption[99]
  Ehud Olmert   Israel Prime Minister of Israel (2006-2009) 2014 Bribery[100]
  Raja Pervaiz Ashraf   Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (2012–2013) 2014 Corruption[101]
  Khieu Samphan   Democratic Kampuchea Chairman of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (1976–1979) 2014 Crimes against humanity[102]
  Nuon Chea   Democratic Kampuchea Prime Minister of Kampuchea (1976) 2014 Crimes against humanity[103]
  Kenan Evren   Turkey President of Turkey (1980–1989) 2014 Treason[104]
  Serik Akhmetov   Kazakhstan Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2012–2014) 2015 Corruption[105]
  Han Myeong-sook   South Korea Prime Minister of South Korea (2006–2007) 2015 Bribery[106]
  Lee Wan-koo   South Korea Prime Minister of South Korea (2015) 2016 Bribery[107]
  Igor Chudinov   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2007–2009) 2017 Corruption[108]
  Yingluck Shinawatra   Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand (2011–2014) 2017 Corruption[109]
  Choi Kyoung-hwan   South Korea Prime Minister of South Korea (2015) 2018 Bribery[110]
  Chimediin Saikhanbileg   Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2014–2016) 2018 Corruption[111]
  Sanjaagiin Bayar   Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2007–2009) 2018 Corruption[111]
  Ma Ying-jeou   Taiwan President of the Republic of China (2008–2016) 2018 Leaking classified information[112]
  Almazbek Atambayev   Kyrgyzstan President of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2017) 2018 Murder[113]
  Maumoon Abdul Gayoom   Maldives President of the Maldives (1978–2008) 2018 Treason[114]
  Lee Myung-bak   South Korea President of South Korea (2008–2013) 2018 Bribery[115]
  Park Geun-hye   South Korea President of South Korea (2013–2017) 2018 Bribery[116]
  Khaleda Zia   Bangladesh Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1991–1996 & 2001–2006) 2018 Corruption[117]
  Nawaz Sharif   Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (1990–1993, 1997–1999 & 2013–2017) 2018 Corruption[118][119][120]
  Abdulla Yameen   Maldives President of the Maldives (2013–2018) 2019 Corruption[121]
  Thaksin Shinawatra   Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006) 2019 Corruption[122]
  Nur Bekri   China Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
People's Government (2008–2014)		 2019 Bribery[123]
  Pervez Musharraf   Pakistan President of Pakistan (2001–2008) 2019 Treason[124]
  Asif Ali Zardari   Pakistan President of Pakistan (2008–2013) 2019 Corruption[125]
  Najib Razak   Malaysia Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009–2018) 2019 Corruption[126]
  Zhantoro Satybaldiyev   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2012–2014) 2019 Corruption[127]
  Sapar Isakov   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2017–2018) 2019 Corruption[127]
  Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi   Yemen President of Yemen (2012–2022) 2020 Treason[128]
  Dendeviin Terbishdagva   Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2014) 2020 Abuse of power[129]
  Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat   Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2016–2017) 2020 Abuse of power[130]
Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan   Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (1996–1998) 2020 Abuse of power[131]
  Aung San Suu Kyi   Myanmar State Counsellor of Myanmar (2016–2021) 2021 Illegally importing walkie-talkies[132]
  Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2018–2020) 2021 Corruption[133]
  Ömürbek Babanov   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2012) 2021 Corruption[134]
Kubanychbek Jumaliyev   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998) 2021 Corruption[135]
  Temir Sariyev   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2015–2016) 2021 Corruption[136]
  Sooronbay Jeenbekov   Kyrgyzstan President of Kyrgyzstan (2017-2020) & Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2016–2017) 2021 Corruption[137]
  Djoomart Otorbaev   Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2014–2015) 2022 Corruption[138]
  Karim Massimov   Kazakhstan Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2014–2016) 2023 Treason[139]
  Imran Khan   Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (2018–2022) 2023 Corruption[140]
  Sükhbaataryn Batbold   Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2009–2012) 2024 Corruption[141]
  Sheikh Hasina   Bangladesh Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001, 2009–2024) 2024 Overthrown

Europe

edit
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
  Valerian Roman Empire Emperor of Rome (253–260) 260 Overthrown
  Mary, Queen of Scots   Scotland Queen of Scotland (1542–1567) 1587 Treason (Executed by beheading)
  Charles I of England   England,   Scotland &   Ireland King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625–1649) 1649 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
  Louis XVI of France   France King of France (1774–1792) 1793 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
  Lajos Batthyány   Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1848) 1849 Overthrown
(Executed by firing squad)
  Nicholas II of Russia   Russia Emperor of Russia (1894–1917) 1917 Overthrown
(Executed by firing squad)
  Carol II of Romania   Romania King of Romania (1930–1940) 1940 Overthrown
  Géza Lakatos   Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
  Bogdan Filov   Bulgaria Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1940–1943) 1945 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
  Dobri Bozhilov   Bulgaria Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1943–1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
  Benito Mussolini   Italy Prime Minister of Italy (1922–1945) 1945 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
  Philippe Pétain   France Chief of the Government (1940)
Chief of the French State (1940–1944)		 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
  Pierre Laval   France Chief of the Government (1931–1932, 1935–1936, 1940 & 1942–1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
(Executed by firing squad)
  Vidkun Quisling   Norway Minister President of Norway (1942–1945) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
(Executed by firing squad)
  Risto Ryti   Finland President of Finland (1940–1944) 1945 Treason
  Ibrahim Biçakçiu   Albania Prime Minister of Albania (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
  Georgios Tsolakoglou   Greece Prime Minister of Greece (1941–1942) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
  Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov   Bulgaria Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
  Petar Gabrovski   Bulgaria Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1943) 1945 Crimes against humanity
  Wilhelm Frick   Nazi Germany Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
  Ferenc Szálasi   Hungary Head of State of Hungary (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
  Döme Sztójay   Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
  Karl Hermann Frank   Nazi Germany Reich Minister for Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
  Hans Frank   Nazi Germany Governor-General of the General Government of Occupied Poland (1939–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
  Kurt Daluege   Nazi Germany Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
  Kostaq Kotta   Albania Prime Minister of Albania (1928–1930 & 1936–1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Béla Imrédy   Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1938–1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
  Ion Antonescu   Romania Prime Minister of Romania (1940–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
  Ioannis Rallis   Greece Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity and Treason
  Konstantinos Logothetopoulos   Greece Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity and Treason
  Arthur Seyss-Inquart   Nazi Germany Chancellor of Austria (1938) & Reich Commissioner of the Netherlands (1940–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
  László Bárdossy   Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
  Karl Dönitz   Nazi Germany President of the German Reich (1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Johan Wilhelm Rangell   Finland Prime Minister of Finland (1941–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Konstantin von Neurath   Nazi Germany Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity
  Jan Syrový   Czechoslovakia Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938) 1945 Treason
  Rudolf Beran   Czechoslovakia Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)
Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939)		 1941 & 1945 Treason
  Emil Hácha   Czechoslovakia President of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)
President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945)		 1945 Treason
  Alois Eliáš   Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1941) 1941 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
  Jaroslav Krejčí   Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1941–1945) 1945 Treason
  Richard Bienert   Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1945) 1945 Treason
  Vojtech Tuka   Slovakia Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic (1939–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
  Jozef Tiso   Slovakia President of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945) 1947 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
  Erich Koch   Nazi Germany Gauleiter of Gau East Prussia (1928–1945), Oberpräsident of East Prussia (1933–1945)
Reichskommissar of Ukraine (1941–1944)
Reichskommissar for the Ostland (1944–1945)		 1950 Crimes against humanity
  Konstantin Päts   Estonia President of Estonia (1938–1940) 1952 Anti-Soviet agitation
  Imre Nagy   Hungary Prime Minister of Hungary (1953–1955 & 1956) 1958 Overthrown
(Executed by hanging)
  Zoltán Tildy   Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1945–1946) & President of Hungary 1958 Overthrown
  Georgios Zoitakis   Greece Regent of Greece (1967–1972) 1974 Treason and Insurrection


Georgios Papadopoulos   Greece President of Greece (1973) & Prime Minister of Greece (1967–1973) 1974 Treason and Insurrection
  Wojciech Jaruzelski   Poland President of Poland (1981–1989) 1989 Treason
  Nicolae Ceaușescu   Romania President of Romania (1974–1989) 1989 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
  Todor Zhivkov   Bulgaria General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989) 1990 Overthrown[142]
  Egon Krenz   East Germany Chairman of the State Council (1989) 1990 Manslaughter[143]
  Erich Honecker   East Germany General Secretary of East Germany (1971–1989) 1992 Manslaughter[144]
Adil Çarçani   Albania Prime Minister of Albania (1981–1991) 1994 Abuse of office[145][146]
  Slobodan Milošević   Serbia President of Yugoslavia (1997–2000) & President of Serbia (1989–1997) 2001 Crimes against humanity
  Biljana Plavšić   Republika Srpska President of Republika Srpska (1996–1998) 2003 Crimes against humanity[147]
  Milan Babić   Republic of Serbian Krajina President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1995)		 2004 Crimes against humanity[148]
  Pavlo Lazarenko   Ukraine Prime Minister of Ukraine (1996–1997) 2004 Fraud[149]
  Momčilo Krajišnik   Bosnia and Herzegovina Serb Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–1998) 2006 Crimes against humanity[150]
  Ramiz Alia   Albania President of Albania (1991–1992) 2006 Murder[151]
  Milan Martić   Republic of Serbian Krajina President of Republic of Serbian Krajina (1994–1995) 2007 Crimes against humanity[152]
  Vlado Bučkovski   Republic of Macedonia Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2004–2006) 2008 Corruption[153]
  Nikola Šainović   Serbia Prime Minister of Serbia (1993–1994) & Deputy Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia (1994–2000) 2009 Crimes against humanity[154]
  Yulia Tymoshenko   Ukraine Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010) 2011 Corruption[155]
  Jacques Chirac   France Prime Minister of France (1974–1976 & 1986–1988) & President of France (1995–2007) 2011 Corruption[156]
  José Sócrates   Portugal Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011) 2014 Corruption[157]
  Vano Merabishvili   Georgia Prime Minister of Georgia (2012) 2014 Corruption[158]
  Adrian Năstase   Romania Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004) 2014 Bribery[159]
  Svetozar Marović   Serbia and Montenegro President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 2016 Corruption[160]
  Vlad Filat   Moldova Prime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013) 2016 Corruption[161]
  Radovan Karadžić   Republika Srpska President of Republika Srpska (1992–1996) 2016 Crimes against humanity[162]
  Robert Kocharyan   Armenia President of Armenia (1998–2008) 2018 Corruption[163]
  Ivo Sanader   Croatia Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009) 2018 Corruption[164]
  Mykola Azarov   Ukraine Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014) 2019 Treason[165]
  Viktor Yanukovych   Ukraine President of Ukraine (2010–2014) 2019 Treason[165]
  Serzh Sargsyan   Armenia President of Armenia (2008–2018) 2020 Corruption[166]
  François Fillon   France Prime Minister of France (2007–2012) 2020 Fraud[167]
  Nicolas Sarkozy   France President of France (2007–2012) 2021 Bribery[168][169]
  Mikheil Saakashvili   Georgia President of Georgia (2004–2007 & 2008–2013) 2021[170] Abuse of power[171]
  Nikola Gruevski   North Macedonia Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2006–2016) 2022 Money laundering[172]
  Igor Dodon   Moldova President of Moldova (2016–2020) 2022 Corruption and Treason[173]
  Fadil Novalić   Bosnia and Herzegovina Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2015–2023) 2023 Corruption[174]
  Sebastian Kurz   Austria Chancellor of Austria (2017–2021) 2024 Perjury[175]

North America

edit
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later
imprisonment		 Reason
  Jefferson Davis   USA President of the Confederate States of America (1862–1865) 1865 Treason[176]
  Oreste Zamor   Haiti President of Haiti (1914) 1915 Illegal entry[177]
  Élie Lescot   Haiti President of Haiti (1941–1946) 1946 Overthrown[178]
  Franck Sylvain   Haiti President of Haiti (1957) 1957 Overthrown[179]
Maurice Bishop   Grenada Prime Minister of Grenada (1979–1983) 1983 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[180]
  Norman Saunders   Turks and Caicos Islands Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980–1985) 1985 Drug smuggling[181]
  Bernard Coard   Grenada Prime Minister of Grenada (1983) 1986 Murder[182]
  Prosper Avril   Haiti President of Haiti (1988–1990) 2001 Conspiracy, murder[183]
  Basdeo Panday   Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001) 2006 Fraud[184]
  McKeeva Bush   Cayman Islands Premier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012) 2012 Corruption[185]
  Jean-Claude Duvalier   Haiti President of Haiti (1971–1986) 2013 Corruption[186]
  David Brandt   Montserrat Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001) 2015 Child sex abuse[187]
  Michael Misick   Turks and Caicos Islands Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2006)
Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2006–2009)		 2019 Fraud[188]
  Andrew Fahie   British Virgin Islands Premier of the Virgin Islands (2019–2022) 2022 Drug trafficking[189]

Oceania

edit
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
  Steve Christian   Pitcairn Islands Mayor of Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004) 2004 Child sex abuse[190]
  Laisenia Qarase   Fiji Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2006) 2012 Corruption[191]
  Gaston Flosse   French Polynesia President of French Polynesia (1984–1987, 1991–2005, 2008 & 2013–2014) 2013 Corruption[192]
  Mahendra Chaudhry   Fiji Prime Minister of Fiji (1999–2000) 2014 Fraud[193]
  Moana Carcasses Kalosil   Vanuatu Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2013–2014) 2015 Bribery[194]
  Serge Vohor   Vanuatu Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1995–1998, 2004, 2009 & 2011) 2015 Bribery[195]
  Mike Warren   Pitcairn Islands Mayor of Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013) 2016 Child sex abuse[196]
  Oscar Temaru   French Polynesia President of French Polynesia (2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009 & 2011–2013) 2019 Fraud[197]
  Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō   Tonga Prime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014) 2020 Bribery[198]
  Frank Bainimarama   Fiji Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–2022) & President of Fiji (2000, 2006–2007) 2023 Abuse of Office[199]
  Peter O'Neill   Papua New Guinea Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2011–2019) 2023 Abuse of Office[200]

South America

edit
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
  José María Vargas   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1835–1836) 1835 Overthrown. Briefly put into house arrest during the Revolution of the Reforms[201]
  José Antonio Páez   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1830–1835) 1849 Prisoner of war
  José Gregorio Monagas   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1851–1855) 1858 March Revolution[202]
  Julián Castro   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1858–1859) 1859 Overthrown[203]
  Francisco I. Madero   Mexico President of Mexico (1911–1913) 1913 Overthrown (executed by firing squad)
  Washington Luís   Brazil President of Brazil (1926–1930) 1930 Overthrown[204][205][206]
  Isaías Medina Angarita   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1941–1945) 1945 Overthrown[207]
  Rómulo Gallegos   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1948) 1948 Overthrown
  Café Filho   Brazil President of Brazil (1954–1955) 1955 Attempted coup[208][209][210]
  Marcos Pérez Jiménez   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1953–1958) 1963 Corruption[211]
  João Goulart   Brazil President of Brazil (1961–1964) 1964 Overthrown
  Isabel Perón   Argentina President of Argentina (1974–1976) 1976 Overthrown
  Henck Arron   Suriname Prime Minister of Suriname (1975–1980) 1980 Overthrown[212]
  Roberto Eduardo Viola   Argentina President of Argentina (1981) 1983 Murder[213]
  Leopoldo Galtieri   Argentina President of Argentina (1981–1982) 1986 Mishandling of the Falklands War[214]
Salvador Jorge Blanco   Dominican Republic President of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986) 1988 Corruption[215]
  Manuel Noriega   Panama President of Panama (1983–1989) 1989 Drug trafficking
  Luis García Meza   Bolivia President of Bolivia (1980–1981) 1995 Crimes against humanity[216]
  Carlos Andrés Pérez   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1974–1979, 1989–1993) 1996 Corruption
  Augusto Pinochet   Chile President of Chile (1974–1990) 1998 Crimes against humanity
  Fabián Alarcón   Ecuador President of Ecuador (1997–1998) 1999 Fraud[217]
  Hugo Chávez   Venezuela President of Venezuela (1999–2002, 2002–2013) 2002 Attempted coup
  Arnoldo Alemán   Nicaragua President of Nicaragua (1997–2002) 2003 Corruption[218]
  Errol Alibux   Suriname Prime Minister of Suriname (1983–1984) 2003 Forgery[219][non-primary source needed]
  Luis Ángel González Macchi   Paraguay President of Paraguay (1999–2003) 2006 Corruption[220]
  Gregorio Conrado Álvarez   Uruguay President of Uruguay (1981–1985) 2007 Crimes against humanity[221]
  Alberto Fujimori   Peru President of Peru (1990–2000) 2009 Corruption and human rights violations[222]
  Manuel Zelaya   Honduras President of Honduras (2006–2009) 2009 Overthrown
  Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier   Costa Rica President of Costa Rica (1990–1994) 2009 Corruption[223]
  Reynaldo Bignone   Argentina President of Argentina (1982–1983) 2010 Murder[224]
  Jorge Rafael Videla   Argentina President of Argentina (1976–1981) 2010 Murder[225]
  Juan María Bordaberry   Uruguay President of Uruguay (1972–1976) 2010 Crimes against humanity[226]
  Miguel Ángel Rodríguez   Costa Rica President of Costa Rica (1998–2002) 2011 Corruption[227]
  Efraín Ríos Montt   Guatemala President of Guatemala (1982–1983) 2014 Crimes against humanity[228]
  Alfonso Portillo   Guatemala President of Guatemala (2000–2004) 2014 Bribery[229]
  Jamil Mahuad   Ecuador President of Ecuador (1998–2000) 2014 Corruption[230]
  Carlos Menem   Argentina President of Argentina (1989–1999) 2015 Corruption[231]
  Otto Pérez Molina   Guatemala President of Guatemala (2010–2015) 2015 Corruption[232]
  Gerrit Schotte   Curaçao Prime Minister of Curacao (2010–2012) 2016 Bribery[233]
  Ollanta Humala   Peru President of Peru (2011–2016) 2017 Corruption[234]
  Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva   Brazil President of Brazil (2003–2010 & 2023–present) 2017 Corruption[235]
  Álvaro Colom   Guatemala President of Guatemala (2008–2012) 2018 Corruption[236]
  Antonio Saca   El Salvador President of El Salvador (2004–2009) 2018 Corruption[237]
  Alejandro Toledo   Peru President of Peru (2001–2006) 2019 Corruption[238]
  Pedro Pablo Kuczynski   Peru President of Peru (2016–2018) 2019 Corruption[239]
  Michel Temer   Brazil President of Brazil (2016–2018) 2019 Corruption and money laundering[240]
  Evo Morales   Bolivia President of Bolivia (2006–2019) 2019 Overthrown
  Álvaro Uribe   Colombia President of Colombia (2002–2010) 2020 Bribery and witness tampering[241]
  Rafael Correa   Ecuador President of Ecuador (2007–2017) 2020 Corruption
  Jeanine Áñez   Bolivia President of Bolivia (2019–2020) 2021 Overthrown[242]
  Juan Orlando Hernández   Honduras President of Honduras (2014–2022) 2022 Drug trafficking[243]
  Dési Bouterse   Suriname President of Suriname (2010–2020) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1987) 2022 Murder[244]
  Pedro Castillo   Peru President of Peru (2021–2022) 2022 Treason, rebellion, and corruption[245]
  Cristina Fernández de Kirchner   Argentina President of Argentina (2007–2015) 2022 Fraud[246]
  Fernando Collor   Brazil President of Brazil (1990–1992) 2023 Corruption[247]
  Alberto Fernandez   Argentina President of Argentina (2019–2023) 2024 Domestic abuse[248]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "Portail de l'Information Scientifique et Technique PIST.TN – Produits et Services".
  2. ^ a b Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges (January 17, 2011). "Patrice Lumumba: the most important assassination of the 20th century | Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
  3. ^ Joffe, Lawrence (2012-04-11). "Ahmed Ben Bella obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  4. ^ P. J. Imperato, Mali: a search for direction, p. 69
  5. ^ P. Diarra, Cent ans de catholicisme au Mali, p. 273
  6. ^ "Hamani Diori – president of Niger". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  7. ^ "Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief (Published 1974)". The New York Times. November 24, 1974.
  8. ^ "Ousted Mauritanian president returns home". BBC. July 18, 2001.
  9. ^ "Ex-Comoro Island Chief Reported Shot to Death While Trying to Escape". The New York Times. May 29, 1978. (subscription required)
  10. ^ a b c "Review of Petitions E. 4th June, 1979 – 23rd September 1979 (AFRC REGIME)" (PDF). Report of the National Reconciliation Commission Volume 2 Part 1 Chapter 6. Ghana government. October 2004. p. 176. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 30 April 2007.
  11. ^ "Equatorial Guinea 'thwarts coup attempt'". 3 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  12. ^ "Haidalla walks free with suspended sentence". The New Humanitarian (in French). 29 December 2003. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  13. ^ "Bokassa Guilty; Death Sentence for Ex-Emperor". Los Angeles Times. June 13, 1987.
  14. ^ "BBC News | Africa | Former Malian president escapes death again". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
  15. ^ "Ex-Rwandan PM Kambanda sentenced to life in jail for genocide - UN Court - Rwanda | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 1998-09-04. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
  16. ^ Meldrum, Andrew (2003-11-11). "Canaan Banana, president jailed in sex scandal, dies". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  17. ^ "From president to prison". BBC News. 7 June 2004. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  18. ^ "Coup ousts West-leaning leader of Mauritania". NBC News. 2005-08-03. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  19. ^ "Candidatura Independiente Guinea EcuatorialNoticiasMAS SOBRE LA DETENCI". www.candidaturaindependiente-guineaecuatorial.com.
  20. ^ "Ousted Mauritanian president in secret custody". France 24. 2008-08-08. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  21. ^ "French court finds Bacar guilty of importing arms". France 24. June 5, 2008.
  22. ^ "Exiled Madagascan leader Ravalomanana sentenced". BBC News. August 28, 2010.
  23. ^ "Military coup ousts Niger leader". 2010-02-19. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
  24. ^ republicoftogo.com. "Eugène Koffi Adoboli condamné à 5 ans de prison". République Togolaise (in French). Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  25. ^ "Libyan ex-spy chief Dorda charged over protester deaths". BBC News. June 5, 2012.
  26. ^ "Tunis court rejects ex-Libyan PM's release". Google News. Tunis. Agence France-Presse. 9 November 2011. Archived from the original on November 10, 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  27. ^ "Tunisia's Ben Ali sentenced over protesters' deaths". BBC News. June 13, 2012.
  28. ^ Quist-Arcton, Ofeibea (11 August 2003). "Liberia: Charles Ghankay Taylor, Defiant And Passionate To The End". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
  29. ^ "François Bozizé: CAR former president denies 'attempted coup'". BBC. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  30. ^ "African news explained – Former Cameroon PM jailed for 20 years". RFI. October 4, 2013.
  31. ^ "Egypt's ousted president Mohammed Morsi dies in court". BBC News. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  32. ^ "Egypt's former president Mohamed Morsi dies: state media". Al Jazeera. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  33. ^ "Burundi opposition chief sentenced to five years for bribery". The East African.
  34. ^ "Bemba Lays Out Grounds for Appeal Against ICC Conviction". www.ijmonitor.org. 7 October 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  35. ^ "Chad's former president has been found guilty of crimes against humanity. Who's next?". The Economist. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  36. ^ Machier, Tor (November 24, 2019). "Ex-Sudanese first vice-president Bakri Hassan Saleh to be arrested in connection to 1989 coup".
  37. ^ "Niger's opposition leader Hama Amadou jailed in absentia". BBC News. March 13, 2017.
  38. ^ "Comoros Ex-Leader Held over Passport Sales Demands Lawyer Access". Bloomberg.com. 26 September 2018.
  39. ^ Kasraoui, Safaa (December 10, 2019). "Algeria Sentences Former PM Ouyahia to 15 Years in Prison".
  40. ^ a b "Two days before election, Algeria jails two ex-prime ministers". Reuters. December 10, 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  41. ^ "More than 100 people arrested from president's team in Sudan, including prime minister". TASS.
  42. ^ "Sudan's Forces for Freedom and Change: 'Hand Al Bashir to ICC'". Radio Dabanga. 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  43. ^ "Sudan's PM says al-Bashir to be handed over to the ICC". Sudan Tribune. 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  44. ^ "Former militia warns against al-Bashir handover to ICC". Sudan Tribune. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  45. ^ Larson, Krista (April 28, 2020). "I. Coast Opposition Leader Sentenced to 20 Years in Absentia". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020.
  46. ^ Mohloboli, Marafaele (20 January 2020). "Lesotho 1st lady's rise to infamy". The Sowetan. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  47. ^ "Mali's Keita resigns as president after military coup". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  48. ^ https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/11/former-prime-minister-pierre-damien-habumuremyi-sentenced-to-3-years-in-jail/#google_vignette
  49. ^ a b "Mali's former interim president and PM released from house arrest". Reuters. 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  50. ^ "Guinée: Alpha Condé transféré dans la résidence de son épouse". Matin Libre (in French). 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
  51. ^ "Mauritania's former president Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz jailed". 23 June 2021.
  52. ^ a b "Mauritanie : Ce qui attend Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz, inculpé pour corruption – Jeune Afrique". 12 March 2021.
  53. ^ "Ex-President Jacob Zuma sentenced by South Africa's top court". BBC News. 29 June 2021.
  54. ^ "Guinea coup-makers vow to 'entrust politics to the people'". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  55. ^ "Burkina Faso restores constitution, names coup leader president". Al Jazeera. 31 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  56. ^ "Guinean ex-dictator Moussa Dadis Camara jailed on eve of 2009 massacre trial". France 24. 2022-09-27. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  57. ^ "Burkina Faso's military leader Damiba deposed, army captain says". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  58. ^ https://www.africanews.com/2022/08/12/guinea-to-prosecute-ex-pm-ibrahima-fofana-over-alleged-embezzlement//
  59. ^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-61008332
  60. ^ https://www.africanews.com/2023/12/08/burundi-former-prime-minister-sentenced-to-life-in-prison//
  61. ^ https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/algerian-ex-pm-former-health-minister-sentenced-5-years-prison-time-2023-06-21/
  62. ^ "Niger soldiers say President Bazoum's government has been removed". Reuters. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  63. ^ "Military officers in Gabon declare coup and place president under house arrest". CNN. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  64. ^ "TURKEY: The Shaggy-Dog Case". Dawn.
  65. ^ "TURKEY: The Shaggy-Dog Case". Dawn.
  66. ^ "How we destroyed Sukarno". Independent.co.uk. December 1998.
  67. ^ Glover, Jonathan (1999). Humanity : A Moral History of the Twentieth Century. London: J. Cape. p. 289. ISBN 0-300-08700-4.
  68. ^ a b c "A matter of national interest". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  69. ^ Ibrahim, Youssef M. (April 8, 1979). "EX-PREMIER HOVEIDA IS EXECUTED IN IRAN AFTER CLOSED TRIAL (Published 1979)". The New York Times.
  70. ^ "Deposed Pakistani PM is executed". BBC On This Day. British Broadcasting Corporation. 4 April 1979. Retrieved 28 December 2007. sentenced to death for the murder of a political opponent
  71. ^ Pakistan, Zia and after. Abhinav Publications. 1989. pp. 20–35. ISBN 978-81-7017-253-6.
  72. ^ Blood, Peter (1994). "Pakistan – Zia-ul-Haq". Pakistan: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 December 2007. ... hanging ... Bhutto for complicity in the murder of a political opponent...
  73. ^ "Conviction of Former Japanese Leader Tanaka Upheld". Los Angeles Times. July 29, 1987.
  74. ^ "Muhammad Ershad, obituary: Bangladesh president who led a bloodless coup". The Independent. July 29, 2019.
  75. ^ Rashid, Ahmed (2002). Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia. I.B. Tauris & Company. p. 49. ISBN 978-1845117887.
  76. ^ https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/freehou/2004/en/50800
  77. ^ Wudunn, Sheryl (August 26, 1996). "Ex-President Is Sentenced to Death in Seoul (Published 1996)". The New York Times.
  78. ^ "Ex-President Roh Tae-woo to Pay Remainder of Massive Fine". The Chosunilbo. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  79. ^ LeVine, Steve (24 February 2015). "A banished member of Kazakhstan royalty has died by apparent suicide". Quartz.
  80. ^ "Former President Gül testifies to prosecutors in 'lost trillion case'". Today's Zaman. 2014-11-19. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-27.
  81. ^ Galpin, Richard (April 16, 1999). "Benazir Bhutto given five-year jail term and £5m fine for corruption". The Guardian.
  82. ^ "Former Indian premier jailed for corruption". The Independent. September 22, 2011.
  83. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/22/moshe-katsav-jailed-seven-years-rape
  84. ^ Berger, Marilyn (28 January 2008). "Suharto Dies at 86; Indonesian Dictator Brought Order and Bloodshed". The New York Times.
  85. ^ "Former Myanmar President U Ne Win Dies". People's Daily China 5 December 2002. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
  86. ^ "Muhammad Hamza al-Zubaydi". www.globalsecurity.org.
  87. ^ "Saadoun Hammadi, 77, Premier and Top Aide to Saddam Hussein, Dies (Published 2007)". The New York Times. Associated Press. March 18, 2007.
  88. ^ "Saddam Hussein executed in Iraq". BBC News. 30 December 2006.
  89. ^ "Ex PM Khin Nyunt sentenced to a 44 years suspended prison term". www.asianews.it.
  90. ^ "Estrada given life sentence for corruption". The Guardian. September 12, 2007.
  91. ^ "Cambodian ex-prime minister sentenced to jail". Reuters. 13 March 2007.
  92. ^ "Chen Shui-bian released". Taipei Times. 6 Jan 2015. p. 1.
  93. ^ "Taliban leader Mullah Abdul Kabir 'seized in Pakistan'". BBC News. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  94. ^ "Arroyo arrives at VMMC". SunStar. December 9, 2011. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  95. ^ Punay, Edu (22 July 2016). "Finally, GMA released". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  96. ^ Leiby, Richard (April 26, 2012). "Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani convicted but not imprisoned by Pakistan court" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
  97. ^ "Mongolia ex-leader Nambar Enkhbayar jailed". BBC News. August 3, 2012.
  98. ^ Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate by the Department of State in Accordance with Sections 116(d) and 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended. U.S. Government Printing Office. January 3, 1996. ISBN 9780160524806 – via Google Books.
  99. ^ https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-usenov-jailed-absentia/25012516.html
  100. ^ [1][dead link]
  101. ^ "Former PM Raja Pervaiz Ashraf, others acquittal pleas rejected in Nandipur reference". Parliament Times. March 18, 2020.
  102. ^ "Nuon Chea, ideologue of Cambodia's Khmer Rouge, dies at 93". Bangkok Post. 4 August 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  103. ^ McKirdy, Euan (7 August 2014). "Top Khmer Rouge leaders found guilty of crimes against humanity, sentenced to life in prison". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  104. ^ "Former Turkish president jailed for life". www.aljazeera.com.
  105. ^ "Kazakhstan's Former Prime Minister Released From Prison Early". RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty. September 21, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  106. ^ "South Korea's first woman PM Han Myeong-Sook released from jail". August 23, 2017.
  107. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (January 29, 2016). "Lee Wan-koo, Ex-Premier of South Korea, Guilty of Taking Illegal Funds (Published 2016)". The New York Times.
  108. ^ https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/more-kyrgyz-parliamentarians-charged-with-corruption/
  109. ^ "Yingluck Shinawatra: ex-Thai PM sentenced to five years in jail". The Guardian. September 27, 2017.
  110. ^ "Yonhap News Agency".
  111. ^ a b "Mongolia mining corruption probe snares former PM". Financial Times. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 2021-01-29.
  112. ^ "In Taiwan, another former president is sentenced to prison". Los Angeles Times. May 15, 2018.
  113. ^ "Kyrgyzstan: Life in jail looming for ex-president | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org.
  114. ^ "Ex-Maldives president is given 19 months in prison following coup probe". South China Morning Post. June 13, 2018.
  115. ^ "South Korea ex-leader jailed for 15 years". BBC News. 5 October 2018.
  116. ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (August 24, 2018). "Park Geun-hye, Ex-South Korean Leader, Gets 25 Years in Prison (Published 2018)". The New York Times.
  117. ^ "Khaleda Zia suffers another setback as her 17-year prison term poses big hurdle for contesting in upcoming polls". Firstpost. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
  118. ^ "Pakistan bars former PM Sharif from holding office for life". U.S. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  119. ^ "Pakistan Court Orders Lifetime Political Ban Against Sharif". Bloomberg.com. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  120. ^ "Nawaz Sharif sentenced to 10 years, Maryam 7 in Avenfield reference". Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  121. ^ "Abdulla Yameen: Maldives ex-leader convicted of money laundering". BBC News. November 28, 2019.
  122. ^ "Thai court sentences ex-PM Thaksin to prison over lottery scheme". www.aljazeera.com.
  123. ^ "原正部级官员努尔·白克力被判无期 受贿近8千万". bjnews.com.cn. 2019-12-02. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  124. ^ "Pervez Musharraf: Pakistan ex-leader sentenced to death for treason". BBC News. December 17, 2019.
  125. ^ "Asif Zardari released from PIMS sub-jail". The Nation. December 13, 2019.
  126. ^ "Najib to go to jail as apex court upholds guilty verdict in SRC final appeal". The Edge. August 23, 2022.
  127. ^ a b MBE, Rachel Coyle. "Red Flag Bulletin". insights.s-rminform.com.
  128. ^ "Yemen court sentences Hadi to death over treason". Middle East Monitor. January 2, 2020.
  129. ^ https://mongolia.gogo.mn/r/162455
  130. ^ http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/06/c_139191770.htm
  131. ^ https://mongolia.gogo.mn/r/162455
  132. ^ Beech, Hannah (2021-02-03). "After Coup, Myanmar Military Charges Aung San Suu Kyi With Obscure Infraction". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  133. ^ https://24.kg/english/220102_Kumtor_case_Dzhoomart_Otorbaev_sentenced_to_fine_of_300000_soms/
  134. ^ https://www.rferl.org/a/kyrgyzstan-babanov-released-treatment/31379820.html
  135. ^ https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210924-kyrgyzstan-instability-looms-as-five-pms-jailed
  136. ^ https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210924-kyrgyzstan-instability-looms-as-five-pms-jailed
  137. ^ https://www.occrp.org/en/news/former-kyrgyz-president-charged-with-corruption-released-from-prison
  138. ^ https://24.kg/english/220102_Kumtor_case_Dzhoomart_Otorbaev_sentenced_to_fine_of_300000_soms/
  139. ^ https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/former-kazakh-security-boss-jailed-18-yrs-over-role-attempted-coup-2023-04-24/
  140. ^ BBC, Carrie Davies & Aoife Walsh (2023-08-06). "Imran Khan: Pakistan ex-PM given three-year jail sentence". BBC News. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  141. ^ "Mongolia ex-leader Nambar Enkhbayar jailed". BBC News. August 3, 2012.
  142. ^ "Bulgaria's Zhivkov Under House Arrest, Will Face Charges". Los Angeles Times. January 19, 1990.
  143. ^ Berlin, Tony Paterson in (November 9, 1999). "No escape from jail term for East German leader". The Guardian.
  144. ^ "Ex-East Germany leader Erich Honecker's arrest: 25 years on | DW | 29.07.2017". DW.COM.
  145. ^ Jeffries, Ian (1996). A Guide to the Economies in Transition. London: Routledge. p. 380. ISBN 0-415-13684-9.
  146. ^ Partos, Gabriel (17 October 1997). "Obituary: Adil Carcani". The Independent. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  147. ^ Traynor, Ian (27 October 2009). "Leading Bosnian Serb war criminal released from Swedish prison". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  148. ^ ICTY (2004). "Judgement in the Case the Prosecutor v. Milan Babic". Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
  149. ^ Solash, Richard (November 2012). "Ukraine Ex-PM Leaves U.S. Prison". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
  150. ^ "Bosnia Serb jailed for war crimes". BBC News. 27 September 2006.
  151. ^ "Albania's last communist leader Ramiz Alia dies at 85". BBC News. October 7, 2011.
  152. ^ "Summary of Judgement for Milan Martić" (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
  153. ^ "Former Macedonian PM convicted in arms deal".
  154. ^ "Šainović profile". BBC News. 26 February 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
  155. ^ "Ukraine ex-PM Yulia Tymoshenko jailed over gas deal". BBC News. October 11, 2011.
  156. ^ Paris, Associated Press in (December 15, 2011). "Jacques Chirac found guilty of corruption". The Guardian.
  157. ^ Keeley, Graham (28 June 2023). "Ex PM José Sócrates in jail on fraud charges" – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  158. ^ "Georgia's Jailed Former Prime Minister Sentenced Again". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 3 May 2017.
  159. ^ "Romania ex-PM Adrian Nastase jailed in bribery case". BBC News. January 6, 2014.
  160. ^ Spaic, Igor. "Montenegro: Former President Convicted of Corruption in Second Plea Deal". www.occrp.org.
  161. ^ "Moldovan court jails ex-PM for nine years for abuse of power". Reuters. 27 June 2016.
  162. ^ "UN appeals court increases Radovan Karadzic's sentence to life imprisonment". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-20.
  163. ^ Antidze, Margarita (May 8, 2019). "Armenia's jailed ex-president: I'll join struggle against new leaders". Archived from the original on May 8, 2019 – via uk.reuters.com.
  164. ^ Reuters Staff (April 5, 2019). "Croatia's former PM Sanader jailed for corruption – Supreme Court". Archived from the original on April 6, 2019 – via uk.reuters.com. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  165. ^ a b "Ukrainian court sentences ex-president Yanukovich to 13 years in prison". Reuters.com. January 24, 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  166. ^ "Armenia's ousted president Sargsyan stands trial on corruption charges". February 25, 2020.
  167. ^ Pierre Bairin and Benjamin Berteau. "Former French Prime Minister François Fillon sentenced to five years". CNN.
  168. ^ "Sarkozy: Former French president sentenced to jail for corruption". BBC News. March 1, 2021.
  169. ^ "Sarkozy: Former French president sentenced to jail for corruption". BBC News. March 2021.
  170. ^ "Georgian ex-leader detained after returning ahead of local election". Reuters. 1 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  171. ^ "Saakashvili convicted of abuse of power, sentenced in absentia". Refworld. 29 June 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  172. ^ Йоана Кръстева, Осъдиха бившия македонски премиер Никола Груевски на 7 години затвор. 21 април 2022 Дир.бг.
  173. ^ https://www.rferl.org/a/moldova-dodon-released-house-arrest/32137937.html
  174. ^ https://www.rferl.org/a/bosnia-novalic-corruption-prison-novalic/32350526.html
  175. ^ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/23/former-austrian-chancellor-sebastian-kurz-found-guilty-of-perjury
  176. ^ Eckert, Edward K. (1987). ""Fiction distorting fact" : the prison life, annotated by Jefferson Davis". Mercer University Press.
  177. ^ "PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT TO CONGRESS DECEMBER 7, 1915". history.state.gov.
  178. ^ "Army's Coup Wins Haiti". Daily Mirror. 12 January 1946. p. 3.
  179. ^ "Haiti President Ousted, Army Said In Control". Sarasota Journal. 3 April 1957. p. 2.
  180. ^ McFadden, David (8 June 2012). "Grenada trying to find remains of slain Marxist PM". Fox News. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  181. ^ "Turks and Caicos attorney charged in government corruption case". Fox News. Associated Press. September 20, 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  182. ^ "Grenada-Willing Prisoners", Associated Press (nl.newsbank.com), 11 September 2004.
  183. ^ MICHAEL NORTON (April 15, 2002). "Haiti's Former Dictator Re-Arrested". CT Insider.
  184. ^ "BBCCaribbean.com | Former Trinidad PM sentenced to jail". www.bbc.co.uk.
  185. ^ "Cayman Islands premier McKeeva Bush arrested". BBC News. 11 December 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
  186. ^ Valme, Jean (28 February 2013). "Ex Haiti dictator 'Baby Doc' Duvalier faces corruption charges for first time since revolt". NBC News. Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  187. ^ "Attorney-at-Law David S. Brandt Has Been Remanded into Custody at Her Majesty's Prison on Montserrat". MNI Alive. 18 June 2019.
  188. ^ "Court rules against ex-TCI premier Michael Misick in corruption case". jamaica-gleaner.com. July 31, 2019.
  189. ^ "British Virgin Islands premier arrested on US drug charges". Miami Herald. 28 April 2022.
  190. ^ "6 men convicted in Pitcairn trials". The New York Times. 24 October 2004. Archived from the original on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  191. ^ "Fiji's former PM Laisenia Qarase jailed for corruption". BBC News. August 3, 2012.
  192. ^ "Gaston Flosse condamné à 4 ans de prison avec sursis". Le Monde.fr. February 7, 2013 – via Le Monde.
  193. ^ "Fiji's former PM convicted of currency offences". www.abc.net.au. April 4, 2014.
  194. ^ "Vanuatu deputy PM, 13 other MPs guilty of bribery". ABC News. 9 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  195. ^ "Vanuatu court sentences MPs, including former PMs Carcasses and Vohor, to jail for corruption – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  196. ^ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (7 March 2016). "Former Pitcairn mayor found guilty over child abuse images". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 17 November 2017 – via www.theguardian.com.
  197. ^ "Temaru gets six-month suspended sentence and $US50k fine". Radio New Zealand. 11 September 2019.
  198. ^ "Tongan police charge Lord Tu'ivakanō with bribery in passport saga probe". Asia-Pacific Report. 2 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  199. ^ "Former Fiji leader Bainimarama charged with abuse of office – prosecutor". Reuters. March 9, 2023.
  200. ^ https://apnews.com/article/papua-new-guinea-peter-oneill-charged-ubs-1ed93f91af06adf88f4b2c7680a46d0f
  201. ^ "Revolución de las Reformas". Fundación Empresas Polar (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-04.
  202. ^ "Monagas, José Gregorio". Fundación Empresas Polar (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  203. ^ "La Sampablera". Fundación Empresas Polar (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-11-04.
  204. ^ "Memorial da Democracia – Cai Washington Luís: é o fim da República Velha". Memorial da Democracia. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  205. ^ Globo, Acervo-Jornal O. "Ex-presidentes presos: de Hermes da Fonseca e Washington Luís a JK e Lula". Acervo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  206. ^ "De Washington Luís a JK: conheça ex-presidentes que já foram presos". Migalhas (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-03-23. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  207. ^ "Medina Angarita, Isaías". Fundación Empresas Polar. Retrieved 2022-09-29. Derrocado por un golpe cívico-militar el 18 de octubre de 1945, fue detenido y expulsado del país.
  208. ^ "Café Filho – personalidades – Estadao.com.br – Acervo". Estadão – Acervo. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  209. ^ OAM. "Brasil já registrou a prisão de oito ex-presidentes; saiba os motivos!". Gazetaweb (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  210. ^ "Conheça todos os ex-presidentes da República que já foram presos". Jusbrasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-06-28.
  211. ^ "The Extradition of Marcos Perez Jimenez, 1959–63: Practical Precedent for Administrative Honesty?", Judith Ewell, Journal of Latin American Studies, 9, 2, 291–313,
  212. ^ "Foreign News Briefs". United Press International (UPI). 19 February 1981.
  213. ^ "Roberto Viola, 69, Who Headed Argentine Military Dictatorship (Published 1994)". The New York Times. October 2, 1994.
  214. ^ "General Leopoldo Galtieri". The Telegraph. 13 January 2003.
  215. ^ "Ex-President Convicted of Corruption, Sentenced to 20 Years in Prison". AP NEWS.
  216. ^ Roberts, Sam (May 2, 2018). "Luis García Meza, Bolivian Dictator Jailed for Genocide, Dies at 88 (Published 2018)". The New York Times.
  217. ^ "Taken for a ride". The Economist. August 1, 2002.
  218. ^ "Nicaragua: 20-Year Sentence For Ex-President". The New York Times. 9 December 2003. Retrieved 9 August 2007.
  219. ^ Roos, Björn. "Liakat Ali Alibux v. Suriname" (PDF). The Inter-American Court of Human Rights Project. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  220. ^ "BBC NEWS | Americas | Former Paraguay president jailed". newsvote.bbc.co.uk.
  221. ^ "Uruguayan dictator guilty of murder". Al Jazeera. 23 October 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  222. ^ "Former El Salvador president sentenced to 10 years in prison". Reuters. September 12, 2018 – via www.reuters.com.
  223. ^ Calderón Fournier condenado por recibir comisiones ilegales (Spanish)
  224. ^ "Condenan a 25 años de cárcel a Reynaldo Bignone, el último dictador argentino | Argentina | elmundo.es". www.elmundo.es.
  225. ^ Life sentence for ex-Argentina leader on Al Jazeera English 23 December 2010 (video)
  226. ^ "Uruguay's former president jailed". February 11, 2010 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  227. ^ "Rodríguez condenado por instigar a pago de dádivas – SUCESOS – la Nación". Archived from the original on 2 May 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  228. ^ "Guatemala's Rios Montt found guilty of genocide". BBC News. May 11, 2013.
  229. ^ "Guatemalan ex-President Alfonso Portillo jailed in US". BBC News. May 22, 2014.
  230. ^ "Ex-Ecuadorian president Jamil Mahuad jailed for 12 years". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  231. ^ Jonathan Gilbert (1 December 2015). "Ex-President of Argentina Is Sentenced in Embezzlement Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  232. ^ "Guatemala judge orders jail for ex-president Perez Molina". BBC News. September 4, 2015.
  233. ^ "OM | Uitspraak in hoger beroep in strafzaak Babel". Knipselkrant Curacao. 21 July 2017.
  234. ^ Cespedes, Mitra Taj, Teresa (July 14, 2017). "Peru's ex-President Humala jailed for up to 18 months before trial". Archived from the original on July 14, 2017 – via uk.reuters.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  235. ^ "Brazil's Lula: From president to prisoner". BBC News. June 11, 2019.
  236. ^ "Guatemala ex-President Colom freed on bail amid graft probe". AP NEWS. August 4, 2018.
  237. ^ "Jailed ex-president gets two more years for bribery". www.aljazeera.com.
  238. ^ Levine, Dan (July 19, 2019). "U.S. judge orders Peru ex-president Toledo held in jail as extradition sought". Archived from the original on July 19, 2019 – via uk.reuters.com.
  239. ^ Armstrong, Mark (April 20, 2019). "Odebrecht scandal: former president jailed". euronews.
  240. ^ "Brazil court orders ex-president Temer back to jail in corruption probe". France 24. May 9, 2019.
  241. ^ "Colombia: court orders detention of ex-president Uribe amid fraud investigation". The Guardian. August 4, 2020.
  242. ^ Robinson, Matthew (28 June 2023). "Bolivia's former president jailed for four months before trial on terror charges" – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  243. ^ "Juan Orlando Hernández, Former President of Honduras, Indicted on Drug-Trafficking and Firearms Charges, Extradited to the United States from Honduras". 21 April 2022.
  244. ^ "Suriname President Bouterse sentenced to 20 years for killings". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  245. ^ https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2023/03/10/peru-president-castillo-sentence/
  246. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/06/cristina-fernandez-de-kirchner-argentina-sentenced-prison-fraud-case
  247. ^ "Former President Fernando Collor is convicted by the STF for corruption". Jornal do Brasil. May 19, 2023.
  248. ^ https://apnews.com/article/argentina-alberto-fernandez-abuse-investigation-c185abc6e8da56789a05db4599158fac
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_who_were_later_imprisoned&oldid=1256472608"