Wikipedia

List of most recent executions by jurisdiction

Capital punishment is retained in law by 55 UN member states or observer states, with 140 having abolished it in law or in practice. The most recent legal executions performed by nations and other entities with criminal law jurisdiction over the people present within its boundaries are listed below. Extrajudicial executions and killings are not included. In general, executions carried out in the territory of a sovereign state when it was a colony or before the sovereign state gained independence are not included. The colours on the map correspond to and have the same meanings as the colours in the charts.

Legend

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D Maintain the death penalty in both law and practice
C Abolished in practice (no execution in over 10 years or under a moratorium)
B Abolished in law, except in exceptional circumstances, such as war
A Completely abolished

Africa

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# Country Last execution date Name Crime Method
C   Algeria August 1993[1] seven unnamed Islamic terrorists terrorism firing squad
A   Angola 1977[2] Nito Alves and many of his supporters treason firing squad
A   Benin 23 September 1987[3] murder
A   Bophuthatswana 13 December 1990[4][5] Alpheus Sekoboane murder hanging
D   Botswana 11 June 2021[6] Phemelo Botogeleng murder hanging
C   Burkina Faso 1988[3] murder
A   Burundi 2000[7] 2 soldiers murder
C   Cameroon 9 January 1997[8] Antoine Vandi Tize murder firing squad
A   Cape Verde 1835[9]
C   Central African Republic January 1981[10] six unnamed officials firing squad
C   Chad 29 August 2015[11] Mahamat Mustapha and nine unnamed men terrorism firearm
A   Ciskei never used
C   Comoros 29 May 1997[12][13] Mohamed Saidali armed robbery firing squad
C   Congo October 1982[14] 2 men murder firing squad
A   Djibouti none since independence on 27 June 1977[15]
C   DR Congo 2003[16] unnamed soldier firearm
D   Egypt 21 May 2024[17] Muhammad Abdel Badie murder hanging
C   Equatorial Guinea January 2014[18] 9 unnamed people firearm
C   Eritrea none since independence in May 1993
C   Eswatini 2 July 1983[4] Philippa Mdluli murder hanging
C   Ethiopia 6 August 2007[19] Major Tsehaye Woldesellasie murder firearm
A   Gabon 11 August 1985[20] Alexandre Mandja Ngokouta coup attempt firing squad
C   Gambia 24 August 2012[21][22] Lamin B. Darboe, Alieu Bah, Lamin Jarju, Dawda Bojang, Abubacarr Yarboi, Malang Sonko, Lamin F. Jammeh, Gibril Bah and Tabara Samba treason and murder firearm
C   Ghana 12 July 1993[4] 12 men murder and robbery firearm
C   Guinea 21 April 2001[3][23] 3 people robbery firearm
A   Guinea-Bissau 18 July 1986[24] Paulo Correia, Viriato Rodrigues Pā, Benhancaren Na Tchanda, Pedro Ramos, Braima Bangura and N'Bunhe Sanbu coup attempt firearm
A   Ivory Coast none since independence on 7 August 1960[3]
C   Kenya 9 July 1985[4] Hezekiah Ochuka and Pancras Oteyo Okumu treason hanging
C   Lesotho 1995[25] hanging
C   Liberia 2000[26] hanging
C   Libya 30 May 2010[27] 18 unnamed men murder firearm
A   Madagascar 1958[28]
C   Malawi 26 September 1992[4][29] hanging
C   Mali 21 August 1980[3][30] Mamadou Keita and Karuba Coulibaly murder firearm
C   Mauritania 1987[3] 3 armed forces officers treason firing squad
A   Mauritius 10 October 1987[4] Eshan Nayeck murder hanging
C   Morocco 5 September 1993[31] Mustapha Tabet rape firing squad
A   Mozambique May 1986[4]
A   Namibia May 1988[4] Sagarias Ariseb murder hanging
C   Niger 1976[3] Bayéré Moussa, Sidi Mohamed, and Ahmed Mouddour treason
D   Nigeria 23 December 2016[32] Ogbomoro Omoregie, Apostle Igene and Mark Omosowhota murder and armed robbery hanging
A   Rwanda 24 April 1998[33] Froduald Karamira and at least 21 others genocide firing squad
A   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1976
A   São Tomé and Príncipe none since independence on 12 July 1975[34]
A   Senegal 15 June 1967[35][36] Moustapha Lô treason (attempted murder of the president) firing squad
A   Seychelles none since independence on 29 June 1976[34]
C   Sierra Leone 19 October 1998[4] 24 soldiers (23 men, 1 woman) high treason public firing squad
D   Somalia 17 August 2024[37] ten unnamed Al-Shabaab terrorists terrorism public firing squad
D   Somaliland 1 November 2023[38] five unnamed convicts murder firing squad
A   South Africa 14 November 1989[4] Solomon Ngobeni murder hanging
D   South Sudan 7 January 2022[39] Babu Emmanuel Lokiri triple murder hanging
D   Sudan 9 February 2021[40] Eliza Aban Othu murder hanging
C   Tanzania October 1994[4] 7 unnamed men, 1 unnamed woman
A   Togo 1978[3] M. Adjata Koffi murder
A   Transkei never used
C   Tunisia 17 November 1990[41] Naceur Damergi murder hanging
C   Uganda 2005[42] firing squad
A   Venda 31 January 1991[4] John Tsakani Chauke hanging
C   Zambia October 1997[4] Abraham Kasongo, Nelson Ngindano, Dennis Chembe, Robert Mulumbi, David Kapunga, John Gombo, Joe Chilada and Christopher Oldfield murder hanging
C   Zimbabwe 22 July 2005[43][44][45] Stephen Chidhumo and Edmund Edgar Masendeke murder hanging

The Americas

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# Country Last execution date Name Crime Method
C   Antigua and Barbuda 2 February 1991[4] Tyrone Nicholas murder hanging
A   Argentina 12 June 1956[46] Juan José Valle treason firing squad
C   Bahamas 6 January 2000[4] David Mitchell murder hanging
C   Barbados 10 October 1984[4] Noel Jordan, Melvin Inniss, and Errol Farrell hanging
C   Belize 19 June 1985[4] Kent Bowers murder hanging
A   Bermuda 3 December 1977[4] Erskine Burrows and Larry Tacklyn murder hanging
A   Bolivia 30 August 1973[47] Melquiades Suxo murder firearm
B   Brazil 28 April 1876[48] Francisco murder hanging
A   Canada 11 December 1962[4] Ronald Turpin and Arthur Lucas capital murder hanging
B   Chile 29 January 1985[49] Carlos Topp Collins and Jorge Sagredo murder firing squad
A   Colombia 5 May 1907[50] Manuel Saturio Valencia arson firing squad
A   Costa Rica 1859
C   Cuba 11 April 2003[51][52] Lorenzo Enrique Copello Castillo, Bárbaro Leodán Sevilla García and Jorge Luis Martínez Isaac hijacking firing squad
C   Dominica 8 August 1986[4] Frederick Newton murder resulting from attempted coup hanging
A   Dominican Republic 1966
A   Ecuador 1884[53]
B   El Salvador 1973[54]
C   Grenada 17 October 1978[4] Charles Ferguson murder hanging
C   Guatemala 20 June 2000[55] Amílcar Cetio Pérez and Tomás Cerrate Hernández aggravated murder lethal injection
C   Guyana August 1997[4] Michael Archer and Peter Adams murder hanging
A   Haiti 1972[56]
A   Honduras 1940[57]
C   Jamaica 18 February 1988[4] Nathan Foster and Stanford Dinnal murder hanging
A   Mexico 1961[58] (military)
1957 (civilian)[59] 		Isaías Constante Laureano
Juan Zamarripa and Francisco Ruiz Corrales 		murder
infanticide 		firing squad
A   Nicaragua 1930[60]
A   Panama 1903[61]
A   Paraguay 1 December 1917[62] Gastón Gadin multiple murders firearm
B   Peru 20 January 1979[63] Julio Alfonso Vargas Garayar espionage firing squad
C   Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 December 2008[64] Charles Laplace murder hanging
C   Saint Lucia 17 October 1995[4] Joseph Solomon murder hanging
C   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13 February 1995[4] Douglas Hamlet, Franklin Thomas and David Thomas murder hanging
C   Suriname 13 March 1982[65][66] Wilfred Hawker treason firing squad
C   Trinidad and Tobago 28 July 1999[4] Anthony Briggs[4] murder hanging
A   Uruguay 25 September 1902[67] Manuel Paes and Aurelio González multiple murders firearm
A   Venezuela never used

United States

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Main article: Capital punishment in the United States
# Jurisdiction Last execution date Name Crime Method
C   United States Federal Government 16 January 2021[68] Dustin John Higgs aggravated murder lethal injection
C   United States military 13 April 1961 John A. Bennett child rape and attempted murder hanging
D   Alabama 17 October 2024[69] Derrick Ryan Dearman capital murder lethal injection
A   Alaska Never used[70]
C   American Samoa 24 November 1939[71] Imoa of Fagatogo murder hanging
C   Arizona 16 November 2022[72] Murray Hooper aggravated murder lethal injection
D   Arkansas 27 April 2017[73] Kenneth Dewayne Williams aggravated murder lethal injection
C   California 17 January 2006[74] Clarence Ray Allen aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Colorado 13 October 1997[75] Gary Lee Davis aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Connecticut 13 May 2005[76] Michael Bruce Ross aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Delaware 20 April 2012[77] Shannon M. Johnson aggravated murder lethal injection
D   Florida 29 August 2024[78] Loran Kenstley Cole aggravated murder lethal injection
D   Georgia 20 March 2024[79] Willie James Pye aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Hawaii Never used[80]
C   Idaho 12 June 2012[81] Richard Albert Leavitt aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Illinois 17 March 1999[82] Andrew Kokoraleis aggravated murder lethal injection
C   Indiana 11 December 2009[83] Matthew Eric Wrinkles aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Iowa 6 September 1962[84] Charles Edwin Kelley murder hanging
C   Kansas 22 June 1965 George York and James Latham murder hanging
C   Kentucky 21 November 2008[85] Marco Allen Chapman aggravated murder lethal injection
C   Louisiana 7 January 2010[86] Gerald James Bordelon aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Maine 21 November 1885 Daniel Wilkinson murder hanging
A   Maryland 5 December 2005[87] Wesley Eugene Baker aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Massachusetts 9 May 1947[88] Philip Bellino and Edward Gertson murder electric chair
A   Michigan Never used[89]
A   Minnesota 13 February 1906[90] William Williams murder hanging
D   Mississippi 14 December 2022[91] Thomas Edwin Loden Jr. aggravated murder lethal injection
D   Missouri 24 September 2024[92] Marcellus Scott Williams aggravated murder lethal injection
C   Montana 11 August 2006[93] David Thomas Dawson aggravated murder lethal injection
D   Nebraska 14 August 2018[94] Carey Dean Moore aggravated murder lethal injection
C   Nevada 26 April 2006[95] Daryl Linnie Mack aggravated murder lethal injection
A   New Hampshire 14 July 1939 Howard Long murder hanging
A   New Jersey 22 January 1963 Ralph Hudson murder electric chair
A   New Mexico 6 November 2001[96] Terry Douglas Clark aggravated murder lethal injection
A   New York 15 August 1963 Eddie Lee Mays murder electric chair
C   North Carolina 18 August 2006[97] Samuel Russell Flippen aggravated murder lethal injection
A   North Dakota 17 October 1905[98] John Rooney murder hanging
C   Ohio 18 July 2018[99] Robert J. Van Hook aggravated murder lethal injection
D   Oklahoma 26 September 2024[100] Emmanuel Antonia Littlejohn aggravated murder lethal injection
C   Oregon 16 May 1997[101] Harry Charles Moore aggravated murder lethal injection
C   Pennsylvania 6 July 1999[102] Gary Michael Heidnik aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Puerto Rico 15 September 1927 Pascual Ramos murder hanging
A   Rhode Island 13 February 1845 John Gordon murder hanging
D   South Carolina 1 November 2024[103] Richard Bernard Moore aggravated murder lethal injection
D   South Dakota 4 November 2019[104] Charles Russell Rhines aggravated murder lethal injection
C   Tennessee 20 February 2020[105] Nicholas Todd Sutton aggravated murder electric chair
D   Texas 1 October 2024[106] Garcia Glen White aggravated murder lethal injection
D   Utah 8 August 2024[107] Taberon Dave Honie aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Vermont 8 December 1954 Donald DeMag murder electric chair
A   Virginia 6 July 2017[108] William Charles Morva aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Washington 10 September 2010[109] Cal Coburn Brown aggravated murder lethal injection
A   Washington, D.C. 26 April 1957[110] Robert E. Carter murder electric chair
A   West Virginia 3 April 1959 Elmer Bruner aggravated murder electric chair
A   Wisconsin 21 August 1851 John McCaffary murder hanging
C   Wyoming 22 January 1992[111] Mark Allen Hopkinson aggravated murder lethal injection

Asia

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# Country Last execution date Name Crime Method
D   Afghanistan 13 November 2024[112] Mohammad Ayaz Asad murder public firearm
D   Bahrain 27 July 2019[113] Ali Mohammed al-Arab, Ahmad Issa al-Mulla and 1 unnamed man terrorism firing squad
D   Bangladesh 27 July 2023[114] Mia Mohammad Mohiuddin and Md Jahangir Alam murder hanging
A   Bhutan 1974[115]
C   Brunei none since independence on 1 January 1984[4]
A   Cambodia 1989
D   China 14 November 2024[116] Guo, Shang and Gong child rape
A   East Timor none since independence on 20 May 2002[34]
A   Hong Kong 16 November 1966[citation needed][117] Wong Kai-kei[118] robbery-murder hanging
D   India 20 March 2020[119] Akshay Thakur, Mukesh Singh, Pawan Gupta and Vinay Sharma gang rape and murder hanging
D   Indonesia 29 July 2016[120] Freddy Budiman, Seck Osmane, Michael Titus Igweh and Humphrey Ejike drug offences firing squad
D   Iran 28 October 2024[121] Jamshid Sharmahd terrorism hanging
D   Iraq 25 September 2024[122] 20 unnamed men and one unnamed woman terrorism hanging
B   Israel 31 May 1962 Adolf Eichmann crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people hanging
D   Japan 26 July 2022[123] Tomohiro Katō murder hanging
D   Jordan 4 March 2017[124] 15 unnamed men murder and terrorism hanging
B   Kazakhstan 2003
D   Kuwait 5 September 2024[125] 6 unnamed men murder hanging
A   Kyrgyzstan none since independence on 25 December 1991
C   Laos 1989[126]
C   Lebanon 17 January 2004[127][128] Badih Hamadeh, Remi Antoine Zaatar and Ahmed Mansour murder firing squad, hanging
A   Macau 19th century[129]
D   Malaysia 24 May 2017[130] Yong Kar Mun and another unnamed man armed robbery / murder hanging
C   Maldives none since independence on 26 July 1965[4]
A   Mongolia 2008[131][132]
D   Myanmar 23 September 2024[133] Maung Kaung Htet and Chan Myae Thu terrorism hanging
A   Nepal 1979[134]
D   North Korea August 2024[135] 20-30 party officials Corruption and dereliction of duty unknown method
D   Oman 22 April 2024[136] 3 unnamed men murder firing squad
D   Pakistan 24 November 2019[137] Brigadier Raja Rizwan espionage and high treason hanging
D   Palestine 20 July 2024 (Gaza Strip)[138]
July 2005 (Palestinian Authority)[139] 		2 unnamed men
unnamed man 		treason (2 unnamed men)
murder (unnamed man) 		hanging (2 unnamed men)
unknown method (unnamed man)
A   Philippines 4 January 2000[140] Alex Bartolome child rape lethal injection
D   Qatar 21 May 2020[141] Anil Chaudhary murder firing squad
D   Saudi Arabia 8 November 2024[142] Saad Bin Bashir Al-Rowaily, Saad Bin Masnad Al-Rowaily and Nail Bin Dhabel Al-Rowaily terrorism public beheading
D   Singapore 15 November 2024[143][144] Roslan Bakar and Pausi Jefridin drug trafficking hanging
C   South Korea 31 December 1997[145] 23 people including Kim Yong-je, Lee Sang-su and Lee Young-gil murder, terrorism hanging
C   Sri Lanka 23 June 1976[4] Chardradasa Jayasinghe murder hanging
D   Syria 2 February 2022[146] Mohammed murder hanging
D   Taiwan 1 April 2020[147] Weng Jen-hsien arson / murder firearm
C   Tajikistan April 2004[148] Rachabmurod Chumayev, Umed Idiyev, Akbar Radzshabov and Mukharam Fatkhulloyev mass murder firing squad
D   Thailand 18 June 2018[149] Theerasak Longji robbery / murder lethal injection
A   Turkmenistan 1997[34]
D   United Arab Emirates 2021[150] unnamed man hanging
A   Uzbekistan 1 March 2005[151] Akhrorkhoja Akbarkhojayevich Talipkhojaev single firearm
D   Vietnam 23 September 2023[152] Lê Văn Mạnh murder, child rape and robbery lethal injection
D   Yemen 14 September 2024[153] Abu Harb child rape firearm

Europe

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# Country Last execution date Name Crime Method
C   Abkhazia never used
A   Albania 29 June 1995[citation needed] murder hanging
A   Andorra 18 October 1943[154][155] Pere Areny murder firing squad
A   Armenia 30 August 1991[154] unnamed man murder single firearm
A   Austria 24 March 1950[154] Johann Trnka murder hanging
A   Azerbaijan 1993[156] single firearm
D   Belarus 16 July 2022[157] Viktar Skrundzik murder firearm
A   Belgium 9 August 1950[154] Philipp Schmitt war crimes firing squad
A   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1977 (as a republic of Yugoslavia) Dušan Prodić[158] murder firing squad
A   Bulgaria 4 November 1989[154] Georgi Alinski[159] sabotage firing squad
A   Croatia 29 January 1987 (as a republic of Yugoslavia)[154] Dušan Kosić[160] murder firing squad
A   Cyprus 13 June 1962[154] Hambis Zacharia, Michael Hiletikos and Lazaris Demetriou murder hanging
A   Czech Republic 2 February 1989[154] (as a republic of Czechoslovakia) Vladimír Lulek murder hanging
A   Denmark 20 July 1950 Ib Birkedal Hansen war crimes firing squad
A   East Germany 26 June 1981[154] Werner Teske treason single firearm
A   Estonia 11 September 1991[154] Rein Oruste murder single firearm
A   Finland 3 September 1944[154] three Soviet infiltrators war crimes firing squad
A   France 10 September 1977[154] Hamida Djandoubi torture murder beheading by guillotine
A   Georgia 1995[154] murder single firearm
A   Germany 18 February 1949[154][161]
11 May 1949 		Richard Schuh
Berthold Wehmeyer (West Berlin) 		murder beheading by guillotine
A   Gibraltar 11 January 1944[154] Luis López Cordón-Cuenca and José Martín Muñoz treason/sabotage hanging
A   Greece 25 August 1972[154] Vassilis Lymberis murder firing squad
A   Hungary 14 July 1988 Ernő Vadász torture murder hanging
A   Iceland 12 January 1830[154] Agnes Magnúsdóttir and Friðrik Sigurðsson [is] murder public beheading
A   Ireland 20 April 1954[154] Michael Manning murder hanging
A   Italy 5 March 1947[162] Aurelio Gallo, Emilio Battisti and Achille Morelli war crimes firing squad
A   Kosovo 20 November 1987 (as a province of Yugoslavia) Ahmet Paqarizi[163] murder firing squad
A   Latvia 26 January 1996[154] Rolands Laceklis-Bertmanis murder single firearm
A   Liechtenstein 26 February 1785[154] Barbara Erni theft public beheading
A   Lithuania 12 July 1995[154] Boris Dekanidze murder single firearm
A   Luxembourg 24 February 1949[154] treason firing squad
A   Malta 5 July 1943[154] Karmnu Zammit and Guiseppi Zammit murder hanging
A   Moldova none since independence[34]
A   Monaco 1847[154] murder beheading by guillotine
A   Montenegro 29 January 1981 (as a republic of Yugoslavia) Dragiša Ristić[164] murder firing squad
A   Netherlands 21 March 1952[154] Artur Albrecht, Andries Jan Pieters war crimes firing squad
C   Northern Cyprus never used
A   North Macedonia 29 March 1988 (as a republic of Yugoslavia) Malje Zeqiri[165] murder and rape firing squad
A   Norway 28 August 1948[154] Ragnar Skancke treason firing squad
A   Poland 21 April 1988[154] Andrzej Czabański murder hanging
A   Portugal 16 September 1917 (military)
22 April 1846 (civilian)[154] 		João Augusto Ferreira de Almeida
José Joaquim[166] 		desertion
murder 		firing squad
hanging[167]
A   Romania 25 December 1989[154] Nicolae Ceauşescu and Elena Ceauşescu genocide, crimes against the state firing squad
C   Russia June 1999 (in Chechnya)[168][169]
2 August 1996 or 2 September 1996 (mainland Russia, disputed)[170] 		Salan Bakharchiyev (in Chechnya)
Sergey Golovkin (mainland Russia, 2 August), R.V. Mukhametdinov (mainland Russia, 2 September) [171] 		murder (Bakharchiyev)
murder, rape, dismemberment, torture (Golovkin), unknown crime (R.V. Mukhametdinov) 		single firearm
A   San Marino 1468[154] or 1667[172] hanging
A   Serbia 14 February 1992 (as a republic of Yugoslavia)[154][173] Johan Drozdek[173] murder firing squad
A   Slovakia 8 June 1989[154] (as a republic of Czechoslovakia) Štefan Svitek murder hanging
A   Slovenia 30 October 1959 (as a republic of Yugoslavia) Franc Rihtarič[174] murder firing squad
C   South Ossetia never used
A   Spain 27 September 1975[154] José Humberto Francisco Baena Alonso [es], Ramón García Sanz [es], José Luis Sánchez-Bravo Sollas [es], Juan Paredes Manotas [es] and Angel Otaegui Echevarría [es] murder firing squad
A   Sweden 23 November 1910[154] Johan Alfred Andersson Ander murder beheading by guillotine
A   Switzerland 7 December 1944[154] Hermann Grimm and Walter Laubscher[175] treason firing squad
C   Transnistria never used
A   Turkey 25 October 1984[154] Hıdır Aslan murder hanging
A   Ukraine 11 March 1997[154] unnamed man murder single firearm
A   Vatican City 9 July 1870[154] (as the Papal States) (never used as Vatican City, established 11 February 1929)[176] Agabito Bellomo murder beheading by guillotine

United Kingdom

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# Country Last execution date Name Crime Method
A   England 13 August 1964[154] Peter Anthony Allen and Gwynne Owen Evans capital murder hanging
A   Guernsey 10 February 1854[154] John Tapner murder hanging
A   Isle of Man 1 August 1872[154] John Kewish patricide hanging
A   Jersey 9 October 1959[154] Francis Joseph Huchet murder hanging
A   Northern Ireland 20 December 1961[154] Robert McGladdery murder hanging
A   Scotland 15 August 1963[154] Henry John Burnett murder hanging
A   Wales 6 May 1958[154] Vivian Teed murder hanging

Oceania

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# Country Last execution date Name Crime Method
A   Cook Islands none since self-government on 4 August 1965
A   Micronesia none since independence on 3 November 1986[177]
A   Fiji none since independence on 10 October 1970[4]
A   Kiribati none since independence on 12 July 1979[4]
A   Marshall Islands none since independence on 21 October 1986[178]
A   Nauru none since independence on 31 January 1968[4]
A   New Zealand 17 February 1957[4] Walter James Bolton murder hanging
A   Niue never used
A   Palau none since independence on 1 October 1994[34]
A   Papua New Guinea none since independence on 16 September 1975[4][179]
A   Western Samoa none since independence on 1 January 1962[4]
A   Solomon Islands none since independence on 7 July 1978[4]
C   Tonga 7 September 1982[4] Haloti Sole, Livingi Sole, and Fili Esau murder hanging
A   Tuvalu none since independence on 1 October 1978[4]
A   Vanuatu none since independence on 30 July 1980[4]

Australia

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# State Last execution date Name Crime Method
A   Government of Australia 11 June 1951 Takuma Nishimura war crimes hanging
A   Australian Capital Territory never used
A   New South Wales 24 August 1939[4] John Kelly murder hanging
A   Northern Territory 7 August 1952[4] Jaroslav Koci and Jan Novotny murder hanging
A   Queensland 22 September 1913[4] Ernest Austin murder hanging
A   South Australia 24 November 1964[4] Glen Sabre Valance murder hanging
A   Tasmania 14 February 1946[4] Frederick Thompson murder hanging
A   Victoria 3 February 1967[4] Ronald Ryan murder hanging
A   Western Australia 26 October 1964 Eric Edgar Cooke murder hanging

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Algeria's laws prescribe the death penalty for a range of crimes including ordinary crimes" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2019-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  2. ^ "Nito Alves 1945-1977". 18 May 2005. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Amnesty International, "West Africa: Time to Abolish the Death Penalty", 2003-10-10, amnesty.org, accessed 2008-08-08.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at "Capital punishment in the Commonwealth", capitalpunishmentuk.org, accessed 2008-08-08.
  5. ^ Amnesty International, "Bulletin Peine de Mort: Résumé des événements relatifs à la peine de mort et initiatives en vue de son abolition partout dans le monde", 1991-02-01, accessed 2008-08-12.
  6. ^ Executions in June 2021.
  7. ^ "Burundi: Crimes punishable by death are: premeditated murder..." Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08
  8. ^ Amnesty International (16 September 1997). "CAMEROON: Blatant Disregard for Human Rights" (PDF). Amnesty International. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  9. ^ "Capital Punishment Worldwide". Archived from the original on 2009-11-01.
  10. ^ Central African Republic: Capital crimes include: aggravated murder... Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  11. ^ Executions in August 2015.
  12. ^ "Comoros: Aggravated murder, treason and spying are capital crimes" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  13. ^ United Nations Economic and Social Council (19 December 1997). "Question of the Violation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Any Part of the World, with Particular Reference to Colonial and Other Dependent Countries and Territories: Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions" (PDF). RefWorld. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
  14. ^ "Congo: Murder, treason, spying and offences against the State are capital crimes" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  15. ^ "Djibouti abolished the death penalty for all crimes in 1995" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  16. ^ ""The Death Penalty in Democratic Republic of the Congo"". Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
  17. ^ "جريمة هزت مصر.. الإعدام لقاتل الطالب المشطور نصفين" [A crime that shook Egypt.. The execution of the student’s killer, split in two]. Al Arabiya (in Arabic). 21 May 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  18. ^ "Equatorial Guinea". World Coalition Against the Death Penalty.
  19. ^ "Executions in August 2007". www.capitalpunishmentuk.org.
  20. ^ "LE CAPITAINE MANDJA CONDAMNÉ POUR COMPLOT A ÉTÉ EXÉCUTÉ". Le Monde.fr. August 13, 1985 – via Le Monde.
  21. ^ Staff, the CNN Wire. "Report: Gambia executes first inmates in about 30 years - CNN". {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  22. ^ pressure_mounts_on_gambia_to_stop_executions/1497767.html Pressure mounts on Gambia to stop executions
  23. ^ "Guinea: Capital crimes include aggravated murder, spying and armed robbery" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  24. ^ "1987 report" (PDF). Amnesty International. 1987. p. 58.
  25. ^ "The Death Penalty in Lesotho". www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org. Archived from the original on 2018-10-12. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  26. ^ ""The Death Penalty in Liberia"". Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  27. ^ Executions in May 2010.
  28. ^ "The last executions in Madagascar were carried out under French colonial rule in 1958" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  29. ^ "Malawi: The offences for which capital punishment either can or must be applied are murder" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  30. ^ "Death sentences are given in Mali for serious crimes such as assassinations" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  31. ^ El Azizi, Abdellatif. "Tabit. La vraie histoire" [Tabit. The true story]. TelQuel (in French). TelQuel Media S.A. pp. 52–60. Archived from the original on 2007-11-11.
  32. ^ "Lawyer: 3 Nigerian death row inmates secretly executed - Salon.com". www.salon.com. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  33. ^ "Rwanda is the first African country in the Great Lakes region to abolish the death penalty" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  34. ^ a b c d e f Roger Hood and Carolyn Hoyle (2008, 4th ed.). The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-922847-7) app. 1.
  35. ^ Elimane Fall, "La démocratie à l'épreuve", Jeune Afrique, no. 1760, 5 October 1994
  36. ^ Amnesty International and a number of other sources report that Lô was executed in 1965 and that Abdou N'Daffa Faye's was the most recent execution in Senegal. This information is incorrect and contradicted by other sources; Lô was executed on 15 June 1967 for the attempted assassination of Léopold Sédar Senghor, which took place on 22 March 1967.
  37. ^ Mohamed Dhaysane (August 17, 2024). "Somalia's Puntland executes 10 al-Shabaab terrorists by firing squad". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on September 4, 2024.
  38. ^ "Somaliland executes 5 convicts by firing squad". Somali Guardian. November 1, 2023. Archived from the original on November 2, 2023.
  39. ^ Michael Daniel and Obaj Okuj (January 7, 2022). "Babu hanged to death". EyeRadio.
  40. ^ "Sudan: Khartoum authorities hang South Sudanese woman". Hands Off Cain. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  41. ^ "Tunisia: Murder, violence and aggression, attacks against the internal security of the State and attacks against the external security of the State are all capital offences" Archived 2012-02-20 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  42. ^ ""The Death Penalty in Uganda"". Archived from the original on 2018-10-13. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  43. ^ ""The Death Penalty in Zimbabwe"". Archived from the original on 2017-05-14. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
  44. ^ "Public executioner: Two women among long list of applicants vying for hangman’s job in Zimbabwe", IOL, 2022-11-07.
  45. ^ "Two females in race for hangman's post", The Sunday Mail, 2022-11-06.
  46. ^ "Patriotas: a medio siglo, los fusilados que hablan". 11 June 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-11.
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  48. ^ "Encenação em Alagoas lembra os 135 anos da última execução por pena de morte no Brasil [Enactment in Alagoas remembers the 135 years of the last execution by death penalty in Brazil]". UOL (in Portuguese). Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  49. ^ "Chile: The death penalty for ordinary crimes was abolished in 2001" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
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  52. ^ "ExecutedToday.com » lorenzo enrique copello castillo". 11 April 2009.
  53. ^ "The Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador at Art. 23 states..." Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
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  58. ^ "On June 23, 2005, Mexico's House approved a measure striking the death penalty" Archived May 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  59. ^ "Hace 63 años aplicaron última pena de muerte".
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  62. ^ "The Constitution of Paraguay (1992) at Art. 4..." Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  63. ^ "Peru has been abolitionist for common crimes since 1979, when the last execution was held" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  64. ^ Oscar Ramjeet, "St Kitts-Nevis carries out first execution in ten years", 2008-12-20, caribbeannetnews.com, accessed 2008-12-21.
  65. ^ Associated Press, "Around the World; Rebel Leader's Execution Announced by Suriname", New York Times, 1982-03-14.
  66. ^ "Suriname: Aggravated murder premeditated murder and treason are capital crimes" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  67. ^ "The Constitution of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (1967) at Art. 26 states: ‘the death penalty shall not be applied to anyone’" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
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  70. ^ Melissa S. Green, "A History of the Death Penalty in Alaska" Archived 2010-06-05 at the Wayback Machine, 2001-09-21, alaska.edu, accessed 2008-08-08.
  71. ^ "American Samoa Gov't v. Imoa". Asbar.org. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
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  75. ^ "Execution Database (Colorado) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  76. ^ "Execution Database (Connecticut) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  77. ^ "Execution Database (Delaware) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  78. ^ "Execution Database (Florida) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  79. ^ "Execution Database (Georgia) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  80. ^ "State & Federal - Hawaii". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
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  83. ^ "Execution Database (Indiana) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  84. ^ "Iowans Against the Death Penalty" Archived 2010-12-20 at the Wayback Machine, iadp.org, accessed 2008-08-08.
  85. ^ "Execution Database (Kentucky) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
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  88. ^ "Executions in Massachusetts" Archived 2005-10-30 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 2008-08-08.
  89. ^ "State & Federal - Michigan". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  90. ^ Paul Rasmussen, "It's Your Court: Minnesota and the death penalty" Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-06-18, pineandlakes.com, accessed 2008-08-08.
  91. ^ "Execution Database (Mississippi) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
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  93. ^ "Execution Database (Montana) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  94. ^ "Execution Database (Nebraska) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  95. ^ "Execution Database (Nevada) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  96. ^ "Execution Database (New Mexico) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
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  98. ^ Frank Vyzralek, Capital crimes and criminals executed in northern Dakota Territory and North Dakota, 1885–1905" Archived 2010-01-22 at the Wayback Machine, 2000-10-19
  99. ^ "Execution Database (Ohio) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  100. ^ "Execution Database (Oklahoma) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  101. ^ "Execution Database (Oregon) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  102. ^ "Execution Database (Pennsylvania) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  103. ^ "Execution Database (South Carolina) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
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  105. ^ "Execution Database (Tennessee) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  106. ^ "Execution Database (Texas) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  107. ^ "Execution Database (Utah) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  108. ^ "Execution Database (Virginia) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  109. ^ "Execution Database (Washington) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  110. ^ Miller, Bill (February 8, 2000). "Execution Sought in Starbucks Killings". The Washington Post. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  111. ^ "Execution Database (Wyoming) | Death Penalty Information Center". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  112. ^ "Taliban publicly execute Afghan murder convict". Voice of America. November 13, 2024. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024.
  113. ^ Executions in July 2019.
  114. ^ "Prof. Taher killers' hanged in Rajshahi central jail". Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha. July 27, 2023. Archived from the original on July 28, 2023.
  115. ^ "The death penalty worldwide: developments in 2004". Amnesty International. 4 April 2005. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
  116. ^ "3 child rapists executed in China". China Daily. 14 November 2024. Archived from the original on November 14, 2024.
  117. ^ The execution occurred under British rule  . No executions have taken place in Hong Kong since sovereignty was transferred to China in 1997. Hong Kong remains an independent and separate jurisdiction for legal and judicial purposes.
  118. ^ http://www.csd.gov.hk/90th_MemorialBook/hkcs_en/files/search/searchtext.xml [permanent dead link‍] http://www.csd.gov.hk/90th_MemorialBook/hkcs_tc/files/search/searchtext.xml Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  119. ^ "India executes four men convicted of bus gang rape and murder". Sky News.
  120. ^ Executions in July 2016.
  121. ^ Jon Gambrell (October 29, 2024). "Iranian-German prisoner Jamshid Sharmahd, who lived in US, executed in Iran over terror conviction". AP News. Archived from the original on October 29, 2024.
  122. ^ "Iraq hangs 21 mostly on 'terror' charges: security sources". Kurdistan 24. 25 September 2024.
  123. ^ "Assailant in Tokyo's Akihabara fatal rampage executed". The Japan Times. 26 July 2022. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022.
  124. ^ "15 convicted criminals, terrorists executed on Saturday". 4 March 2017.
  125. ^ "Six Executed in Kuwait, Female Convict Spared at Final Hour". Arab Times Kuwait. September 5, 2024. Archived from the original on September 10, 2024.
  126. ^ "The death penalty in Laos is applied in cases of treason, murder and rape" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  127. ^ "Lebanon reinstated the death penalty in 1994 in a bid to stem a rise in violent crime following the 1975-90 civil war" Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  128. ^ "Death penalty resumes in Lebanon", BBC News, 2004-01-17.
  129. ^ The execution occurred under Portuguese rule  . No executions have taken place in Macau since sovereignty was transferred to China in 1999. Macau remains an independent and separate jurisdiction for legal and judicial purposes.
  130. ^ "Amnesty criticises two 'secretive executions', calls for moratorium on death penalty". Malay Mail Online. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  131. ^ "Mongolie. La peine de mort abolie lors d'un vote historique". www.amnesty.org. 4 December 2015.
  132. ^ "Abolition in Mongolia". World Coalition Against the Death Penalty. 18 December 2015.
  133. ^ "Rights groups warn Myanmar military executing more anti-coup activists". Al Jazeera. September 30, 2024.
  134. ^ "The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal (1990) at Article 12 states". Archived from the original on 2011-05-24.
  135. ^ "North Korea Executes Dozens of Officials After Floods, Landslides: Report".
  136. ^ "بمنتصف الليل.. تفاصيل إعدام قتلة الشيخ محمد بن سعود الهنائي في سلطنة عمان" [AT MIDNIGHT.. DETAILS OF THE EXECUTION OF THE KILLERS OF SHEIKH MUHAMMAD BIN SAUD AL-HINAI IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN]. Watan (in Arabic). 22 April 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  137. ^ "Pakistan hangs former brigadier for spying: Social media reports". ThePrint. 24 November 2019.
  138. ^ "Executions in July 2024".
  139. ^ "Amnesty International Annual Report 2006". Amnesty International. 22 May 2006.
  140. ^ "Philippines execution first of millennium", BBC News, 2000-01-04.
  141. ^ Executions in May 2020.
  142. ^ "Saudi executes 3 family members for 'allegiance to terrorist group'". Middle East Monitor. November 8, 2024. Archived from the original on November 9, 2024.
  143. ^ "Execution of Two Convicted Drug Traffickers". cnb.gov.sg. 15 November 2024.
  144. ^ "Court of Appeal / Roslan bin Bakar v Attorney-General [2024] SGCA 51" (PDF). 14 November 2024.
  145. ^ "South Korea Must Not Resume Use of Death Penalty" Archived 2015-01-23 at the Wayback Machine, 2009-02-16, amnesty.org, accessed 2010-07-02.
  146. ^ Executions in February 2022.
  147. ^ "Taiwan executes death row inmate convicted in six deaths". Focus Taiwan. 1 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  148. ^ "On February 11, 2005, the Tajik parliament voted to abolish the death penalty" Archived May 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  149. ^ กองบรรณาธการวอยซออนไลน (2018-06-18). "ความตายในรอบ 9 ป 'ราชทณฑ' ประหารชวตนกโทษชาย คดฆาชงทรพย". voicetv.co.th (in Thai). Bangkok: Voice TV. Retrieved 2018-06-18.
  150. ^ "Amnesty International - Global Report DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021" (PDF). amnesty.org. Amnesty International Ltd. 24 May 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  151. ^ "The Death Penalty in Uzbekistan: Torture and Secrecy" (PDF).
  152. ^ "VN: Tử tù Lê Văn Mạnh đã bị thi hành án, bất chấp gia đình kêu oan gần 20 năm" [VN: Death row prisoner Lê Văn Mạnh has been executed, despite his family appealing for nearly 20 years]. BBC. 23 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023.
  153. ^ "Executions in September 2024".
  154. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as "The end of capital punishment in Europe", capitalpunishmentuk.org, accessed 2008-08-08.
  155. ^ "Es compleixen 70 anys de la darrera execució al Principat". Archived from the original on 2018-07-30. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
  156. ^ "Azerbaijan: Time to abolish the death penalty" (PDF). March 1997.
  157. ^ "Condemned prisoner's death date revealed more than a year after the execution". dp.spring96.org. 17 February 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  158. ^ "Dušan Prodić". SPSK. Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  159. ^ "Carpenter-diversant was the last one executed under Tato" (in Bulgarian). blitz.bg. November 24, 2009.
  160. ^ Ante Zeljko; Nevenka Zeko; Stjepan Margić (2005). Izbor Odluka 2005 (PDF) (Report). Županijski sud u Vukovaru.
  161. ^ Capital punishment was outlawed by the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany on 23 May 1949. Wehmeyer's sentence was not covered, as West Berlin was not fully subservient to the federal constitution. This was the last execution issued by a German civil court. The last executions on German soil, bar East Germany, were in Landsberg prison on 7 June following the Einsatzgruppen trial.
  162. ^ "L'ultima esecuzione per crimini comuni in Italia". ilpost.it (in Italian). 28 March 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  163. ^ "Paqarizi Ahmet". SPSK. Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  164. ^ "Dragiša Ristić". SPSK. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  165. ^ "The end of capital punishment in Europe"%5d, capitalpunishmentuk.org "Malje Zeqiri". SPSK. Retrieved 30 March 2021. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  166. ^ "Foi enforcado em Lagos José Joaquim: Uma história que mete política e um crime hediondo".
  167. ^ "ExecutedToday.com » 1846: The last civil executions in Portugal". 22 April 2010.
  168. ^ "Amnesty International Report 1999 - Russian Federation". Refworld. 1 January 1999.
  169. ^ "The abolition of the death penalty and its alternative sanction in Eastern Europe: Belarus, Russia and Ukraine" (PDF). www.penalreform.org. 2012.
  170. ^ ""Фишер", "Удав", "Ученик Чикатило": кто был последним казненным в России преступником". Gazeta.Ru. 2 August 2021.
  171. ^ "Всероссийская конференция по проблемам отмены смертной казни (Юрид. лит-ра, 2000: ISBN 5726009495), p. 158: "Последний приговор был приведен в исполнение по делу Mухаметдиновa P. B. 2 сентября 1996 года в соответствии с Указом Президента Российской Федерации от 1 апреля 1996 года, в котором ходатайство Mухаметдиновa o помиловании было отклонено. Таким образом, c 3 сентября года приговоры о смертной казни в исполнение не приводилисъ."
  172. ^ "1865. San Marino decide la completa abolizione della pena di morte". sanmarinortv.sm (in Italian). 10 October 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  173. ^ a b Jovanka SIMIĆ (30 July 2005). "Njeno ime samo šapućemo" [We Only Whisper Her Name] (in Serbian). Večernje Novosti. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  174. ^ "Franc Rihtarič". SPSK. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  175. ^ "Die Toten von Regensdorf: Erschiessung frühmorgens am Katzensee". 7 February 2012.
  176. ^ John L. Allen Jr., "He executed justice" Archived 2001-12-12 at the Library of Congress Web Archives, National Catholic Reporter, 2001-09-14.
  177. ^ "The Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia (1980) at Article 4, Section 9, states..." Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  178. ^ "The Constitution of the Republic of Marshall Islands (1979) under Section 6(1) states..." Archived 2011-05-24 at the Wayback Machine, 2008-01-01, handsoffcain.info, accessed 2008-08-08.
  179. ^ The last person executed in Papua New Guinea, Aro, was hanged for murder in 1957, eighteen years before independence. ("PNG urged to abandon death penalty", Australian Broadcasting Corporation, November 12, 2007)
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