List of U.S. places named after non-U.S. places
This is a list of US places named after non-US places. In the case of this list, place means any named location that's smaller than a county or equivalent: cities, towns, villages, hamlets, neighborhoods, municipalities, boroughs, townships, civil parishes, localities, census-designated places, and some districts. Also included are country homes, castles, palaces, and similar institutions. The list below currently comprises around 1000 of these U.S. places but is not exhaustive yet.
There are many places in the United States that are named after places in another country. By far, the majority of the names are due to immigrants naming their new home after their former home. As such they reflect the pattern of immigration to the United States. Immigrants did not just settle in random locations, but rather congregated with others who spoke the same language and had the same religion. Three examples:
- An area in western Michigan centered on Holland in southern Ottawa County was settled by religious refugees from the Netherlands. After a split from the state church in the Netherlands, they were unhappy with the restrictions the Dutch government placed on their religious practices. There are several villages in that region named after villages in the old country.[1]: 61
- A number of Belgian names are found clustered in the Green Bay area of northeastern Wisconsin. This reflects the high concentration of Belgian immigrants in that area.
- Ellis County, Kansas was the destination of a group of Volga Germans who moved there in the 1870s. Their settlements were mostly given the names of the villages they left behind in Russia.
Less concentrated groupings of foreign place names are Norwegian names throughout Minnesota, Czech names in southeast Texas, and Dutch names in the Hudson Valley of New York. The Hudson Valley locations are so named because the area was a Dutch colony before it became an English colony.
But not all the immigrants concentrated so heavily. Germans, for example, are one of the largest immigrant groups and places named after German cities are widespread across the United States. However, there is still a general concentration of them in the Midwestern United States, especially in Missouri.
Other sources of foreign names transferred to the U.S. are the Bible and ancient history. Biblically sourced names are widespread and are sometimes the result of naming a settlement after its church. Names from ancient history can also be found in a number of places, although a concentration of them can be found in upstate New York. Names from these two sources can be found in the Ancient World section below the list of countries.
Places where battles happened are also a source for foreign names. The Mexican–American War is the most common source, but other wars, such as the Napoleonic Wars and World War I, are also represented.
There is a small number of names whose origin does not fall into the above categories. For example, some were given the names by railroads or taken from books the people naming the town had been reading. A few very unusual sources are Madras, Oregon, which was named after a bolt of Madras cloth seen in the general store, and Poland, Maine, which was named after a medieval-era song that the first settler liked.
Note that not all towns whose names are the same as a foreign city or country are named after that city. For example, there is only one US place that is known to be named for the Boston in England. That is Boston, Massachusetts. The Bostons in Indiana, Missouri, New York, and Highland and Summit Counties in Ohio, as well as Boston Corner, New York and South Boston, Virginia are named after Boston, Massachusetts; those in Georgia and Texas are named after people; while most other places with the name do not have a known etymology. Also note that places named after people are not on this list, even if that person's name can be traced back to a city. For this reason, cities such as New York, Baltimore, New Orleans, and Albuquerque are not on the list. Places named for people can be found at List of places named after people in the United States.
Some places have an indeterminate etymology, where it is known that they are named after a city in a particular country, but there is more than one place with that name and the etymology does not distinguish which one. These entries have "needs disambiguation" in their notes section.
Afghanistan
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
Kabul | Cabool, Missouri[2] |
Albania
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
Vlorë | Valona, Georgia[3] |
Algeria
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
Algiers | Algiers, Louisiana[4] |
Algiers, Indiana | |
Oran | Oran, Missouri[2] |
Angola
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
Angola | Angola, Indiana |
Angola, New York |
Argentina
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
La Plata | La Plata, Missouri[2] |
La Plata, Maryland |
Armenia
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
Armenia | Armenia, Wisconsin |
Armenia Gardens Estates, Florida | |
Armenia Township, Pennsylvania | |
Little Armenia, Los Angeles, California | |
Old Armenian Town, Fresno, California | |
Armenia, Chester County, South Carolina |
Australia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Ballarat, Victoria | Ballarat, California | [5] |
Brisbane, Queensland | Brisbane, California | |
Melbourne, Victoria | Melbourne, Florida | [6] |
Melbourne, Kentucky | [7] | |
Melbourne, Arkansas | ||
Rockhampton, Queensland | Rockham, South Dakota | [8] |
Austria
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Deutsch-Wagram | Wagram, North Carolina | named for the Battle of Wagram[9] |
Freistadt | Freistatt, Missouri | [2] |
Vienna | Vienna, Illinois | |
Vienna, Indiana | ||
Vienna, Missouri | ||
Vienna, New York | [10] | |
Vienna, Virginia | ||
Wels | New Wells, Missouri |
Azerbaijan
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
Baku | Baku, California[10] |
Bangladesh
editCity or town or country | Namesake |
---|---|
Bangladesh | Little Bangladesh, Los Angeles |
Belgium
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Antwerp | Antwerp, New York | [10] |
Antwerp, Ohio | ||
Bastogne | Bastogne Gables, North Carolina[11] | [12] |
Brussels | Brussels, Wisconsin | [1] |
Brussels, Illinois | ||
Charleroi | Charleroi, Pennsylvania | [1] |
Ghent | Ghent, Minnesota | [1] |
Ghent, Kentucky | ||
Ghent, New York | ||
Hoboken | Hoboken, New Jersey | [1] The original name Hoebuck was changed to Hoboken. |
Liège | Liege, Missouri[13] | [1] Liege, Missouri was annexed by Bellflower, Missouri in 1960[14] |
Namur | Namur, Wisconsin | [1] |
Rosières | Rosiere, Wisconsin | [1] |
Walhain | Walhain, Wisconsin | [1] |
Waterloo | Waterloo, New York | [1] named for the Battle of Waterloo |
Waterloo, Indiana | ||
Waterloo, Illinois | named for the Battle of Waterloo | |
Watervliet | Watervliet, New York | [1] |
Bolivia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bolivia | Bolivia, North Carolina | |
La Paz | La Paz, Indiana | [15] |
Potosí | Potosi, Missouri | [2] |
Potosi, Wisconsin |
Brazil
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
Brazil | Brazil, Indiana |
Bulgaria
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Pleven | Plevna, Montana | [16] |
Shumen (formerly: Shumla) | Shumla, Texas[17] | [18] |
Sofia | Sofia, New Mexico | |
Varna | Varna, Illinois | [19] |
Canada
editChile
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Valparaíso | Valparaiso, Indiana | [15] |
China
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Beijing | Pekin, Illinois | [19] |
New Pekin, Indiana | ||
China | China, New York | |
Guangzhou | Canton, Georgia | [3] |
Canton, New York | [10] | |
Canton, Ohio | [10] | |
Canton, Massachusetts | [10] | |
Canton, Michigan | ||
Jilin City | Kiron, Iowa | Jilin was formerly romanized as Kirin[49] |
Nanjing | Nankin Township, Michigan | |
Shanghai | Shanghai, West Virginia | |
Shanghai City, Illinois | ||
Wusong | Woosung, Illinois | [19] |
Colombia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bogotá | Bogota, Illinois | [19] |
Bogata, Texas | [50] |
Cuba
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Cuba | Cuba, Missouri | [15] |
Cuba Township, Lake County, Illinois | ||
Havana | Havana, Illinois | [19] |
Matanzas | Matanzas, Kentucky | [7] |
Matanzas Beach, Illinois | [19] | |
Miramar, Havana | Miramar, Florida | [6] |
Yara | Yara, Minnesota | [8] |
Czech Republic
editDenmark
editEcuador
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Quito | Quito, Tennessee[62] | [9] |
Egypt
editFor more cities in Egypt, see the Ancient world section below.
Finland
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Finland | Finland, Minnesota | |
Liminka | Liminga, Michigan[66] | [67] |
Oulu | Oulu, Wisconsin | [68] |
Paavola | Paavola, Michigan | |
Pori | Pori, Michigan[69] | [67] |
Salo | Salo Township, Minnesota | [20] |
Tapiola | Tapiola, Michigan | [70] |
Toijala | Toivola, Michigan | |
Toivola Township, Minnesota | [20] | |
Vaasa | Wasas, Michigan[71] | [67] |
Waasa Township |
France
editGeorgia (country)
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Tbilisi | Tiflis, Washington | [35] |
Germany
editGreece
editFor more cities in Greece, see the Ancient world section below.
City or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Athens | Athens, Alabama | Was first Called Athenson when it incorporated in 1818 |
Athens, Georgia | [10] | |
Athens, Ohio | ||
Athens, New York | ||
Athens, Texas | ||
New Athens, Illinois | ||
Larissa | Larissa, Texas | [50] |
Larissa, Arizona | ||
Nafpaktos (Venetian: Lepanto) | Lepanto, Arkansas | named for the Battle of Lepanto[9] |
Tempe | Tempe, Arizona | [89] |
Thessaloniki | Salona, Pennsylvania | [55]: 318 |
Volos | Volo, Illinois | [19] |
Honduras
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Copán | Copan, Oklahoma | Maya city, now an archaeological site[84] |
Hungary
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Buda | Buda, Illinois | [19] named before the merger with Pest |
Budapest | Budapest, Georgia | [90] |
Budapest, Missouri | ||
Szombathely (Latin: Savaria or Sabaria) | Siberia, Indiana | originally meant to be Sabaria, the post office changed the name, apparently thinking it was an error[15] |
Tokaj | Tokaj, Georgia | [90] |
Iceland
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Akranes | Akra Township, North Dakota | [22] |
Þingvellir | Thingvalla Township, North Dakota |
India
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Almora, Uttarakhand | Almora, Illinois | [19] |
Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu | Madras, Oregon | [54] named for a bolt of Madras cloth |
Delhi, National Capital Territory | Delhi Township, Michigan | |
Delhi, New York | [10] | |
Delhi, California | ||
Golkonda, Telangana | Golconda, Illinois | [19] |
Kolkata, West Bengal | Calcutta, Ohio | [10] |
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh | Lucknow, Pennsylvania | |
Mumbai (Bombay), Maharashtra | Bombay, New York | [10] |
Salem, Tamil Nadu | Salem, Virginia | |
Shimla, Himachal Pradesh | Simla, Colorado | [39] |
Vadodara, Gujarat | Baroda, Michigan | [26] |
Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh | New Vrindaban, West Virginia |
Indonesia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Jakarta (Batavia) | Batavia, Illinois | |
Batavia, New York |
Iran
editFor cities in Iran, see the Ancient world section below.
Iraq
editFor more cities in Iraq, see the Ancient world section below.
City or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Baghdad | Bagdad, Arizona | [10] |
Bagdad, Florida | ||
Bagdad, Kentucky |
Ireland
editIsrael
editFor cities in Israel, see the Ancient world section below.
Italy
editFor more cities in Italy, see the Ancient world section below.
Japan
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Tokyo | Jeddo, Pennsylvania | Jeddo is an anglicization of Edo, the former name of Tokyo[9] |
Jordan
editFor cities in Jordan, see the Ancient world section below.
Latvia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Riga | Riga, Michigan | [10] |
Livonia | Livonia, Indiana | |
Livonia, Michigan |
Lebanon
editFor more cities in Lebanon, see the Ancient world section below.
Libya
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Tripoli | New Tripoli, Pennsylvania | [55]: 315 |
Lithuania
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Vilnius (Polish: Wilno) | Wilno, Minnesota |
Luxembourg
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Luxemburg (German and Dutch: Luxemburg) | Luxemburg, Wisconsin |
Malta
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Malta | Malta, Montana |
Mali
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Timbuktu | Timbuctoo, California | [5] |
Mexico
editMorocco
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Essaouira | Mogadore, Ohio | [47] |
Casablanca | Casablanca, North Carolina[107] | [12] |
Morocco | Morocco, Indiana | |
Tangier | Tangier, Virginia | [92]: 24 |
Myanmar
editCity or town | Namesake |
---|---|
Inwa | Ava, New York[57] |
Mandalay | Mandalay, Louisiana[108][9] |
Netherlands
editNorway
editPakistan
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Kalat | Kelat, Kentucky | T. J. Smith, local school teacher, suggested the name of the capital of Balochistan when asked for a unique name[7] |
Lahore | Lahore, Virginia |
Palestine
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Palestine | Palestine, Ohio | |
East Palestine, Ohio | Named "East Palestine" because another Palestine in Ohio was already incorporated. |
For cities in Palestinian territory, see the Ancient world section below.
Panama
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Colón | Colon, Michigan | [8] |
Panama City | Panama City, Florida | [6] |
Portobelo, Colón | Portobello, Maryland[122] | [38] |
Peru
editPhilippines
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Manila | Manila, Arkansas | |
Manila, Utah | [60] |
Poland
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Częstochowa | Cestohowa, Texas | |
Elbląg (German: Elbing) | Elbing, Kansas | [31] |
Gdańsk (German: Danzig) | Danzig, North Dakota | |
Gniezno | Gnesen Township, Minnesota | [20] |
Kłodzko (German: Glatz) | New Glatz, Maryland[124] | [38] |
Kraków | Krakow, Wisconsin | [23] |
Lublin | Lublin, Wisconsin | [23] |
Miasteczko Krajeńskie (German: Friedheim) | Friedheim, Missouri | [2] |
Opole | Opole, Minnesota | [125] |
Poznań (German: Posen) | Posen, Illinois | [19] |
Posen, Michigan | [126] | |
Radom | Radom, Illinois | [19] |
Szczecin (German: Stettin) | Stettin, Wisconsin | [68] |
Tarnów | Tarnov, Nebraska | [34] |
Toruń | Torun, Wisconsin | |
Warsaw | Warsaw, Illinois | |
Warsaw, Indiana | [15] | |
Warsaw, Missouri | ||
Warsaw, Minnesota | ||
Warsaw, New York | ||
Wrocław (German: Breslau) | Breslau, Texas | |
Poland | Poland, Herkimer County, New York | There are several U.S. places named Poland, but this is the only one named after the country. The rest are named after people, Poland, Ohio (named after a person), or in Poland, Maine's very unusual case, a song. |
Portugal
editRomania
editRegion | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Transylvania | Transylvania County, North Carolina |
Russia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Arkhangelsk | Sitka, Alaska | [10] original name of Sitka was New Arkhangelsk |
Borodino | Borodino, New York | [10] named for the Battle of Borodino |
Moscow Kremlin | Kremlin, Oklahoma | [84] |
Liebental (Lubonironvka) | Liebenthal, Kansas | Volga German settlement[31] |
Marks (Katharinenstadt) | Catharine, Kansas | Volga German settlement[31] |
Moscow | Moscow, Idaho | |
Moscow Mills, Missouri | ||
Moscow, Texas | [10] | |
Moscow, Tennessee | ||
Moscow, Ohio | ||
Obermunjor (Kriwowskoje) | Munjor, Kansas | Volga German settlement |
Pfeifer (Gnilushka) | Pfeifer, Kansas | Volga German settlement[31] |
Saint Petersburg | St. Petersburg, Florida | [6] |
Schoenchen (Paninskaja) | Schoenchen, Kansas | Volga German settlement[31] |
Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast | Tilsit, Missouri | [2] |
Saudi Arabia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Mecca | Mecca, California | |
Medina | Medina, Ohio | [47] |
Medina, Minnesota |
Serbia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Belgrade | Belgrade, Maine | |
Belgrade, Montana | [16] | |
Belgrade, Missouri | [127] | |
Belgrade, Nebraska | [128] |
Singapore
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Singapore | Singapore, Michigan | [129] |
Slovakia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Nitra | Nitra, Georgia | [90] |
Slovak | Slovak, Arkansas | Named after the country. |
Slovenia
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Idrija | New Idria, California | [5] |
Travnik, Loški Potok | Traunik, Michigan | [26] |
South Africa
editSpain
editSudan
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Dongola | Dongola, Illinois | [63] |
Khartoum | Khartoum, California[132] | [9] |
Wadi Halfa | Halfa, Iowa | [8] |
Sweden
editSwitzerland
editSyria
editFor cities in Syria, see the Ancient world section below.
Tunisia
editFor cities in Tunisia, see the Ancient world section below.
Turkey
editFor more cities in Turkey, see the Ancient world section below.
City or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Ankara | Angora, Minnesota | [20] |
Ukraine
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Balta | Balta, North Dakota | [22] |
Kyiv | Kief, North Dakota | [22] |
Odesa | Odessa, Texas | [10] |
Odessa, Washington | ||
Selz (now Lymanske) | Selz, North Dakota (Emmons County) | [22] |
Sevastopol | Sebastopol, California | |
Sebastopol, Michigan | ||
Sevastopol, Wisconsin | The town clerk incorrectly registered a "v" instead of a "b" and it was never changed [136] | |
Straßburg (now Kuchurhan, Rozdilna Raion) | Strasburg, North Dakota[137] | Straßburg was named after the city in Alsace[22] |
United Kingdom
editBritish Overseas Territories
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Longwood, Saint Helena | Longwood, Missouri | Place where Napoleon lived during his second exile.[2] |
Crown Dependencies
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Saint Clement, Jersey | Clements, Maryland | [38] |
England
editNorthern Ireland
editScotland
editWales
editUruguay
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Montevideo | Montevideo, Minnesota | [20] |
Uzbekistan
editCity or town | Namesake | Notes |
---|---|---|
Samarkand | Samarcand, North Carolina[149] | [9] |
Ancient world
editCities that have namesakes because they are biblical or prominent in ancient history are in this section.
See also
edit- List of places named after people in the United States
- List of places named after places in the United States
- Lists of places by language of origin
- List of place names of Czech origin in the United States
- List of place names of Dutch origin in the United States
- Locations in the United States with an English name
- List of place names of French origin in the United States
- List of Irish place names in other countries
- List of place names of Scottish origin in the United States
- List of place names of Spanish origin in the United States
- List of Swedish place names in the United States
- List of place names of Welsh origin in the United States
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z van der Sijs, Nicoline (2009). Cookies, Coleslaw, and Stoops: The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789089641243.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Ramsay, Robert L. (1952). Our Storehouse of Missouri Place Names. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 9780826205865.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Krakow, Kenneth K. (November 1999). Georgia Place-Names (Third ed.). Macon, Georgia: Winship Press. ISBN 0-915430-00-2.
- ^ a b c d D'Artois Leeper, Clare (2012). Louisiana Place Names: Popular, Unusual, and Forgotten Stories of Towns, Cities, Plantations, Bayous, and Even Some Cemeteries. LSU Press. ISBN 9780807147382.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Gudde, Erwin Gustav (2010). California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520266193.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Morris, Allan (1995). Florida Place Names: Alachua to Zolfo Springs. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. ISBN 1-56164-084-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rennick, Robert M. (2013). Kentucky Place Names. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813144016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Chicago and North Western Railway Company (1908). A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways (2nd ed.).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Stewart, George R. (1970). American place-names; a concise and selective dictionary for the continental United States of America. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States (PDF) (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: United States Geologic Survey.
- ^ "Bastogne Gables, North Carolina". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ a b c d e f Privatized military housing on Fort Bragg, NC is composed of neighbourhoods mostly named after the locations of WWII battles.
- ^ "Liege, Missouri". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ Moser, Arthur Paul. "A Directory of Towns, Villages, and Hamlets Past and Present of Montgomery County, Missouri". Montgonery County Directory. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Baker, Ronald L. (October 1995). From Needmore to Prosperity: Hoosier Place Names in Folklore and History. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-32866-3.
- ^ a b c "Montana Place Names Companion". Montana Place Names From Alzada to Zortman. Montana Historical Society Research Center. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- ^ "Shumla, Texas". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ Cauble Smith, Julia. "Shumla, TX". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Callary, Edward (October 2009). Place Names of Illinois. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03356-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj Upham, W. (1920). Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance, v. 17. Minnesota Historical Society.
- ^ "Alma, North Dakota". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Williams, Mary Ann Barnes (1966). Origins of North Dakota Place Names. Bismarck, ND: Bismarck Tribune.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Gard, Ropbert E. (2015). The Romance of Wisconsin Place Names. Wisconsin Historical Society. ISBN 9780870207082.
- ^ "Aylmer, North Dakota". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ "Ayr, Michigan". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Romig, Walter (1973). Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 9780814318386.
- ^ "Brampton, North Dakota". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ "Brantford, North Dakota". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ Wick, Douglas A. (1989). North Dakota Place Names. Prairie House. p. 39. ISBN 9780911007114.
- ^ "Devisez, Kansas". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q McCoy, Sondra Van Meter; Hults, Jan (1989). 1001 Kansas Place Names. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0392-1.
- ^ a b c d e Boone, Lalia Phipps (1988). Idaho place names : a geographical dictionary. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Press. ISBN 0893011193.
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