List of pearl millet diseases

This article is a list of diseases of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum).

Bacterial diseases

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Bacterial diseases
Bacterial spot Pseudomonas syringae
Bacterial leaf streak Xanthomonas campestris pv. pennamericanum
Bacterial leaf stripe Acidovorax avenae

Stem rot of Pearl Millet

||Klebsiella aerogenes

Fungal diseases

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Fungal diseases
Bipolaris leaf spot Bipolaris setariae
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora penniseti
Curvularia leaf spot Curvularia penniseti
Dactuliophora leaf spot Dactuliophora elongata
Downy mildew Sclerospora graminicola
Downy mildew Plasmopara penniseti
Drechslera leaf spot Drechslera dematioidea
Ergot Claviceps fusiformis
Exserohilum leaf blight Exserohilum rostratum
False mildew Beniowskia sphaeroidea
Head mold Various fungi
Myrothecium leaf spot Myrothecium roridum
Phyllosticta leaf blight Phyllosticta penicillariae
Pyricularia leaf spot Pyricularia grisea
Rhizoctonia blight Rhizoctonia solani

Rhizoctonia zeae

Rust Puccinia substriata var. indica
Seedling blight Various fungi
Smut Moesziomyces penicillariae
Southern blight Sclerotium rolfsii
Top rot Fusarium moniliforme
Zonate leaf spot Gleocercospora sorghi

Viral diseases

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Viral diseases
Black streaked dwarf virus
Guinea grass mosaic virus
Maize dwarf mosaic virus
Maize streak virus
Panicum mosaic virus
Satellite panicum mosaic virus
Wheat streak mosaic virus

Nematodes, parasitic

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Nematodes, parasitic
Burrowing nematode

Radopholus similis

Cyst nematode

Heterodera gambiensis

Dagger nematode

Xiphinema americanum

Lance nematode

Hoplolaimus indicus

Panagrolaimus nematode

Panagrolaimus spp.

Ring nematode

Criconemella ornata

Root knot nematode

Meloidogyne incognita
Meloidogyne javonica
Meloidogyne arenaria

Root lesion nematode

Pratylenchus mulchandi
Pratylenchus brachyurus
Pratylenchus zeae

Sting nematode

Belonolaimus longicaudatus

Stubby-root nematode

Paratrichodorus minor

Stunt nematode

Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris
Tylenchorhynchus phaseoli
Tylenchorhynchus zeae

Insects

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Insect pests include:[1]

Seedling pests
Stem borers
Leaf feeders
Sucking pests
Other pests

Africa

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The larvae of several insect species, primarily belonging to the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera, as well as Orthoptera adults, are persistent pearl millet pests in the Sahel.[3][4][5] The following pest species are reported for northern Mali.[6][7]

Grasshoppers that frequently attack millets in the Dogon country of Mali are Oedaleus senegalensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Cataloipus cymbiferus, and Diabolocatantops axillaris.[6]

In northern Ghana, Poophilus costalis (spittle bug) is reported as a millet pest, as well as Dysdercus volkeri, Heliocheilus albipunctella, Coniesta ignefusalis, and caterpillars of Amsacta moloneyi and Helicoverpa armigera.[9]

In northern Nigeria, heavy infestations of Hycleus species, including Hycleus terminatus (syn. Mylabris afzelli), Hycleus fimbriatus (syn. Mylabris fimbriatus), Hycleus hermanniae (syn. Coryna hermanniae), and Hycleus chevrolati (syn. Coryna chevrolati), have affected early plantings of pearl millet crops.[10]

Other regions

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In South India, pests include the shoot fly Atherigona approximata.[11]

In North America, regular pests include the chinch bug Blissus leucopterus.[12][13][14][15][16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Kalaisekar, A (2017). Insect pests of millets: systematics, bionomics, and management. London: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-804243-4. OCLC 967265246.
  2. ^ Meagher, R.L., Reed, C., Mills, R.B. 1982. Development of Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum in whole, cracked, and ground pearl millet. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 55(1): 91–94.
  3. ^ S. Krall, O. Youm, and S. A. Kogo. Panicle insect pest damage and yield loss in pearl millet.
  4. ^ Jago, N. D. 1993. Millet pests of the Sahel: biology, monitoring and control. Chatham UK: Natural Resources Institute. 66 pp. ISBN 0-85954-349-8.
  5. ^ Matthews, M. and N. D. Jago. 1993. Millet pests of the Sahel: an identification guide. Chatham UK: Natural Resources Institute. (80 p.) ISBN 0-85954-331-5.
  6. ^ a b Heath, Jeffrey. "Guide to insects, arthropods, and molluscs of northern Dogon country".
  7. ^ Ruparao T. Gahukar, Gadi V. P. Reddy. Management of Economically Important Insect Pests of Millet. Journal of Integrated Pest Management (2019) 10(1): 28; 1–10 https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmz026
  8. ^ Bekoye, B. M., and A. Dadie. 2015. Evaluation des pertes en grains de mil dues aux insectes. Eur. Sci. J. 11: 266–275.
  9. ^ Tanzubil, Paul B. & Emmanuel A. Yakubu (1997). Insect pests of millet in Northern Ghana. 1. Farmers' perceptions and damage potential. International Journal of Pest Management, 43:2, 133-136. doi:10.1080/096708797228825
  10. ^ Lale, N. E. S., and B. M. Sastawa. 2000. Evaluation of host plant resistance, sowing date modification and intercropping as methods for the control of Mylabris and Coryna species (Coleoptera: Meloidae) infesting pearl millet in the Nigerian Sudan savanna. J. Arid Environ. 46: 263–280.
  11. ^ Natarajan, V. S., V. D. G. Raja, and S. Anavardham. 1973. Extent of damage caused by shoot fly (Atherigona approximate) on bajra hybrid. Madras Agric. J. 60: 584–585.
  12. ^ Buntin, G. D., X. Ni, and J. P. Wilson. 2007. Chinch bug control in pearl millet for grain production. Arthropod. Manag. Tests 32: F41.
  13. ^ Ni, X., J. P. Wilson, J. A. Rajewski, G. D. Buntin, and I. Dweikat. 2007. Field screening of pearl millet for chinch bug (Heteroptera: Blissidae) resistance. J. Entomol. Sci. 42: 467–480.
  14. ^ Rajewski, J. A., X. Ni, J. P. Wilson, and I. Dweikat. 2009. Evaluation of resistance to chinch bug in pearl millet in temperate and subtropical environments.
  15. ^ Starks, K. J., A. J. Cassady, O. G. Merkle, and D. Boozaya-Angoon. 1982. Chinch bug resistance in pearl millet. J. Econ. Entomol. 75: 337–339.
  16. ^ Wilson, J. P., B. Ouendeba, and W. W. Hanna. 2008. Diallel analysis of chinch bug damage to pearl millet. International Sorghum Millets Newsletter 41: 78–79.