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This is a list of wars involving the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and its predecessor states.
Ancient era
editHồng Bàng dynasty (2879–258 BC)
editConflict | Van Lang | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Âu Việt-Lạc Việt War (258–257 BC)[a] | Văn Lang under Hung Kings (Lạc Việt) |
Âu Việt led by Thục Phán | Victory for Âu Việt |
Thục dynasty (258–207 BC or 208–179 BC)
editConflict | Thuc dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Qin campaign against the Baiyue (221–214 BC) | Baiyue tribes:
|
Qin dynasty | Territorial changes
|
Âu Lạc-Nanyue War (207 BC or 179 BC) | Âu Lạc under Thuc dynasty (An Duong Vuong) | Nanyue led by Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) | Defeat |
Triệu dynasty (207 BC or 179–111 BC)
editConflict | Trieu (Zhao) dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Han conquest of Nanyue (111 BC) | Nanyue under Zhao dynasty (Triệu dynasty) | Han dynasty (Western Han) | Defeat
|
First, Second and Third Chinese domination era
editFirst Chinese domination (111 BC – 40 AD)
editConflict | Jiaozhi | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Tây Vu Vương rebellion (111 BC) | Tây Vu Vương's forces in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen Commanderies | Han dynasty (Western Han) | Defeat
|
Trưng Sisters' Uprising (40 AD) | Trưng sisters' forces in Jiaozhi Commandery | Han dynasty (Eastern Han) | Victory
|
Trưng Queen (40–43)
editConflict | Trung Queen | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Han invasion of Lingnan (42–43) | Lingnan under Trưng Queen | Han dynasty (Eastern Han) | Defeat
|
Second Chinese domination (43–541)
editConflict | Event | Jiaozhi/Jiaozhou | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chu Đạt's rebellion (157–160) | Chu Đạt's forces in Jiuzhen | Han dynasty (Eastern Han) | Defeat | |
Liang Long's rebellion (178–181) | Liang Long's forces in Hepu, Jiuzhen, Jiaozhi and Rinan | Han dynasty (Eastern Han) | Defeat | |
Sri Mara's rebellion (192) | Sri Mara's forces (Khu Liên) in Xianglin | Han dynasty (Eastern Han) | Victory | |
Lady Triệu's rebellion (248) | Lady Triệu's forces in Jiaozhou | Eastern Wu | Defeat | |
Jiao Province Campaign (263–280) | Jiaozhou under Eastern Wu | Jin dynasty | Victory for Eastern Wu
| |
Jin–Lâm Ấp conflicts (351–415) | First war (351–359) | Jiaozhou under Jin dynasty | Lâm Ấp (Linyi) | Victory for Jin |
Second war (399) | ||||
Third war (413–415) | ||||
Liu Song-Lâm Ấp War (445–446) |
Jiaozhou under Liu Song dynasty | Lâm Ấp (Linyi) | Victory for Liu Song
| |
Lý Trường Nhân's rebellion (468) | Lý Trường Nhân's forces in Jiaozhou | Liu Song | Victory
| |
Lý Bí's rebellion (541–544) | Lý Bí's forces in Jiaozhou | Liang dynasty | Victory
|
Early Lý dynasty (544–602)
editConflict | Early Ly dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Vạn Xuân-Lâm Ấp War (543) | Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty | Lâm Ấp | Victory |
Liang–Vạn Xuân War (545–550) | Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty | Liang dynasty | Victory |
Vạn Xuân–Dã Năng War (557–571) | Vạn Xuân led by Triệu Quang Phục | Dã Năng (vi) led by Lý Phật Tử | Territorial and throne changes
|
Sui–Vạn Xuân War (602) | Vạn Xuân under Early Lý dynasty | Sui dynasty | Defeat
|
Conflict | Event | Annan/Jinghai | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sui–Lâm Ấp War (605) | Jiaozhi under Sui dynasty | Lâm Ấp | Victory for Sui | |
Lý Tự Tiên's rebellion (687) | Lý Tự Tiên's and Đinh Kiến's forces in Annan | Tang dynasty | Defeat | |
Mai Thúc Loan's rebellion (722–723) | Mai Thúc Loan's forces in Annan | Tang dynasty | Defeat | |
Phùng Hưng's rebellion (766–791) | Phùng Hưng's forces in Annan | Tang dynasty | Defeat | |
Javanese raid in Tang's Annan (767) | Annan under Tang dynasty | Javanese raiders from Shailendra dynasty | Victory for Tang | |
Javanese raids in Hoàn Vương (774–787) | First raid (774) | Hoàn Vương (Huanwang Champa) | Javanese raiders from Shailendra dynasty | Victory for Hoàn Vương |
Second raid (787) |
Victory for Hoàn Vương | |||
Hoàn Vương–Tang conflicts (803–809) | First war (803) | Annan under Tang dynasty | Hoàn Vương (Huanwang Champa) | Victory for Tang |
Second war (809) | Victory for Tang | |||
Dương Thanh's rebellion (819–820) | Dương Thanh's forces in Annan | Tang dynasty | Defeat | |
Tang–Nanzhao wars (846–866) | First raid (846) | Annan under Tang dynasty | Nanzhao Local rebels in Annan |
Victory for Tang |
Second raid (860–861) | Victory for Tang | |||
Siege of Songping (863) | Defeat for Tang
| |||
Tang's offensive (865–866) | Victory for Tang
| |||
Khúc Thừa Dụ's rebellion (905) | Khúc Thừa Dụ's forces in Jianghai Circuit | Tang dynasty | Victory
|
Independent monarchical era
editAutonomous period under Khúc clan and Dương clan (905–938)
editConflict | Khuc clan/Duong clan | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
First Jinghai–Southern Han War (930) | Jinghai Circuit under Khúc clan | Southern Han dynasty | Defeat
|
Dương Đình Nghệ's rebellion (931) | Dương Đình Nghệ's forces in Jinghai Circuit | Southern Han dynasty | Victory
|
Second Jinghai-Southern Han War (938) | Ngô Quyền's forces in Jinghai Circuit | Southern Han dynasty | Victory
|
Conflict | Ngo dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Dương Tam Kha's mutiny (944–950) | Ngô Xương Ngập's forces Ngô Xương Văn's forces |
Dương Tam Kha's forces | Victory for Ngo king
|
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords (965–968) | 12 Warlords | Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's forces and allies | Victory for Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (Đinh Tiên Hoàng)
|
Conflict | Dinh dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Countercoup against Lê Hoàn (979) | Loyal forces of Đinh Điền (vi), Nguyễn Bặc, Phạm Hạp and Ngô Nhật Khánh | Lê Hoàn's forces Supported by:
|
Dynasty change
|
Conflict | Early Le dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Song–Đại Cồ Việt War (981) | Đại Cồ Việt under Early Lê dynasty | Song dynasty | Victory
|
First Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War (982) | Đại Cồ Việt under Early Lê dynasty | Champa | Victory |
First Throne Crisis of Early Lê dynasty (1005) | Lê Long Việt's forces | Lê Long Tích's forces (vi) | Victory for Lê Long Việt
|
Second Throne Crisis of Early Lê dynasty (1005) | Lê Long Việt's royal court | Rebellion forces of Lê Long Cân (vi), Lê Long Kính (vi) and Lê Long Đinh (vi) | Victory for Lê Long Việt |
Conflict | Event | Later Ly dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dali–Đại Cồ Việt War (1014) | Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Dali Kingdom | Victory
| |
Throne crisis of Later Lý dynasty (1028) | Crown Prince Lý Phật Mã's forces | Rebellion forces of Đông Chinh Vương, Vũ Đức Vương and Dực Thánh Vương | Victory for Lý Phật Mã
| |
Nong Quanfu's rebellion (1038–1041) | Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Nong Quanfu's Changqi Kingdom | Victory
| |
Second Champa–Đại Cồ Việt War (1044) | Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Champa | Victory | |
Nong Zhigao rebellions (1048–1055) | Đại Cồ Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Nong Zhigao's Dali Kingdom and later Nantian Kingdom | Victory
| |
First Champa–Đại Việt War (1069) | Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Champa | Victory
| |
Đại Việt–Song War (1075–1077) | Đại Việt's invasion of Song (1075–1076) | Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Song dynasty | Victory
|
Song's counterattack (1077) | Indecisive
| |||
Đại Việt–Khmer Wars (1128–1150) | First Khmer's campaign (1128) | Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Khmer Empire | Defeat |
Khmer–Champa's joint campaign (1132) | Khmer Empire Champa |
Defeat
| ||
Second Khmer's campaign (1137) | Khmer Empire | Defeat | ||
Quách Bốc's rebellion (1209) | Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Quách Bốc's forces | Victory
| |
Nguyễn Nộn's rebellion (1213–1219) | Đại Việt under Later Lý dynasty | Nguyễn Nộn's forces (vi) | Victory
|
Conflict | Event | Tran dynasty | Opponents | Results | Notable battles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Second Champa–Đại Việt War (1252) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Victory | ||
First Đại Việt–Mongol War (1257–1258) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Mongol Empire | Victory
|
| |
First Đại Việt–Yuan War (1285) or Second Đại Việt–Mongol War |
Yuan's advance (January – May) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty Champa |
Yuan dynasty | Defeat
|
|
Đại Việt's counteroffensive (May – June) | Victory
|
||||
Second Đại Việt–Yuan War (1287–1288) or Third Đại Việt–Mongol War |
Yuan's advance (1287 – January 1288) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Yuan dynasty | Defeat
|
|
Battle of Bạch Đằng River (1288) | Victory
|
||||
Đại Việt–Muang Sua Wars (1294–1301) | First war (1294) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Muang Sua | Victory
|
|
Second war (1297) | |||||
Third war (1301) | |||||
Third Champa–Đại Việt War (1311) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Victory | ||
Fourth Champa–Đại Việt War (1318) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Victory | ||
Fifth Champa–Đại Việt War (1367–1368) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Defeat
|
||
Coup against Dương Nhật Lễ (1369–1370) | Dương Nhật Lễ's royal court | Trần Phủ's forces | Throne change
|
||
Sixth Champa–Đại Việt War (1371) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Defeat
|
||
Seventh Champa–Đại Việt War (1377) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Defeat
|
| |
Eighth Champa–Đại Việt War (1378) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Defeat
|
||
Ninth Champa–Đại Việt War (1382) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Victory
|
||
Tenth Champa-Đại Việt War (1390) | Đại Việt under Trần dynasty | Champa | Victory
|
Conflict | Event | Ho dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Champa–Đại Ngu Wars (1400–1407) | First Đại Ngu campaign (1400) |
Đại Ngu under Hồ dynasty | Champa | Defeat |
Second Đại Ngu campaign (1402) | Victory
| |||
Third Đại Ngu campaign (1403) | Defeat
| |||
Champa campaign (1407) | Đại Ngu under Hồ dynasty | Champa Ming dynasty |
Defeat
| |
Đại Ngu–Ming War (1406–1407) | Đại Ngu under Hồ dynasty | Ming dynasty | Defeat
|
Conflict | Jiaozhi | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Later Trần rebellion (1407–1414) | Later Trần rebels in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Defeat
|
Lam Sơn uprising (1418–1427) | Lam Sơn's rebels in Jiaozhi | Ming dynasty | Victory
|
Revived monarchical era
editLater Lê dynasty – Initial period (1428–1527)
editConflict | Event | Later Le dynasty | Opponents | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ngưu Hống rebellion (1431–1432) | Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty | Ngưu Hống led by Đèo Cát Hãn | Victory | |
Eleventh Champa–Đại Việt War (1446) | Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty | Champa | Victory
| |
First throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1459) | Lê Nghi Dân's coup d'état forces | Lê Nhân Tông's royal court | Throne change
| |
Second throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1459–1460) | Lê Nghi Dân's royal court | Loyal forces of Nguyễn Xí, Đinh Liệt and Lê Lăng | Throne change
| |
Twelfth Champa–Đại Việt War (1471) | Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty | Champa | Victory | |
Đại Việt–Lan Xang War (1479–1484) or White Elephant War |
Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty | Lan Xang Lanna Muang Phuan |
Defeat (see analysis)
| |
Third throne crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1509) | Lê Uy Mục's royal court | Lê Oanh's rebel forces | Throne change
| |
Trần Tuân's rebellion (1511–1512) | Đại Việt | Trần Tuân (vi) | Victory | |
Internal crisis of Later Lê dynasty (1516–1526) | Trịnh Duy Sản's coup d'état (1516) |
Lê Tương Dực's royal court | Rebel forces of Trịnh Duy Sản (vi), Trịnh Duy Đại and Lê Y | Throne change
|
Trần Cảo's rebellion (1516–1521) | Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty | Trần Cảo's rebel forces | Victory
| |
Trịnh Tuy's coup d'état (1518–1522) | Lê Chiêu Tông's royal court < Mạc Đăng Dung's forces |
Trịnh Tuy's rebel forces | Throne change
| |
Mạc Đăng Dung's coup d'état (1522–1526) | Lê Chiêu Tông's royal court Trịnh Tuy's forces |
Mạc Đăng Dung's rebel forces | Dynasty change
|
Conflict | Mac dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
First Lê-Mạc War (1533–1592) | Northern dynasty under Mạc dynasty | Southern dynasty under Restored Lê dynasty Trịnh clan Nguyễn clan Bầu clan |
Dynasty change |
Throne crisis of Mạc dynasty (1546–1547) | Mạc Phúc Nguyên's forces | Mạc Chính Trung's forces | Throne change
|
Later Lê dynasty – Restored period (1533–1789)
editDuring this period, there existed 3 dynasties and 3 lordships: Mạc dynasty (1527–1677), Restored Lê (1533–1789), and Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802); Trịnh lords (1545–1787), Nguyễn lords (1558–1802), and Bầu lords (1527–1689); each with varying degrees of power and control over the country. This period is considered to be one of the most complicated periods in the history of Vietnam.
Conflict | Later Le dynasty | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Second Lê-Mạc War (1592–1677) | Đại Việt under Later Lê dynasty Trịnh lord Nguyễn lord (until 1600) |
Mạc dynasty Bầu clan (from 1594) |
Victory for Later Lê dynasty
|
Trịnh lord – Tonkin (1545–1787)
editConflict | Trinh lord | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Bầu clan's rebellion (1594–1699) | Tonkin under Trịnh lord | Bầu clan | Victory
|
Hoàng Công Chất's rebellion (1739–1769) | Tonkin under Trịnh lord | Hoàng Công Chất's forces | Victory |
Lê Duy Mật's rebellion (1740–1770) | Tonkin under Trịnh lord | Lê Duy Mật's forces | Victory |
Nguyễn Hữu Cầu's rebellion (1743–1751) | Tonkin under Trịnh lord | Nguyễn Hữu Cầu's forces | Victory |
Nguyễn Danh Phương's rebellion (1744–1751) | Tonkin under Trịnh lord | Nguyễn Danh Phương's forces | Victory |
Đại Việt–Luang Phrabang War (1749)[1] | Tonkin under Trịnh lord | Luang Phrabang | Defeat
|
Privileged Army Mutiny (1782–1786) | Tonkin under Trịnh lord | Soldiers from Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An provinces | Victory
|
Conflict | Nguyen lord | Opponents | Result |
---|---|---|---|
First Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1611) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord | Panduranga | Victory
|
Dutch East India Company's attack (1643) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord | Dutch East India Company | Victory
|
Second Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1653) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord | Panduranga | Victory
|
First Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1658) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Ang Sur and Ang Tan's forces |
Cambodia | Victory
|
Second Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1674) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Ang Nan II and Ang Tan's forces |
Cambodia | Victory
|
Third Đại Việt–Panduranga War (1693–1697) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord | Panduranga | Defeat
|
Third Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1699) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord | Cambodia | Victory
|
Fourth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1708) | Ang Em's forces Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord |
Cambodia under Thommo Reachea III Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom |
Victory
|
First Đại Việt-Siam War (1718) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord | Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom | Defeat
|
Fifth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1753–1756) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord | Cambodia | Victory
|
Second Đại Việt-Siam War (1771–1772) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord Outey II's forces |
Siam under Ayutthaya Kingdom Ang Non II's forces |
Defeat
|
Tây Sơn uprising (1771–1777) | Cochinchina under Nguyễn lord | Tây Sơn rebels | Dynasty change
|
Conflict | Trinh lord | Nguyen lord | Result |
---|---|---|---|
First Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1627) | Tonkin | Cochinchina | Defeat to Trịnh |
Second Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1633–1640) | Tonkin | Cochinchina | Defeat to Trịnh |
Third Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1643) | Tonkin | Cochinchina | Defeat to Nguyễn |
Fourth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1648) | Tonkin | Cochinchina | Defeat to Trịnh |
Fifth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1655–1660) | Tonkin | Cochinchina | Defeat to Nguyễn |
Sixth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1661–1662) | Tonkin | Cochinchina | Defeat to Trịnh |
Seventh Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1672) | Tonkin | Cochinchina | Defeat to Trịnh
|
Eighth Trịnh-Nguyễn War (1774–1775) | Tonkin Supported by: |
Cochinchina | Defeat to Nguyễn
|
Tây Sơn dynasty (1778–1802)
editConflict | Tây Sơn dynasty and allies |
Opponents | Brief description |
---|---|---|---|
Tây Sơn–Trịnh War (1775–1786) | Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty | Tonkin under Trịnh lords | Dynasty change
|
First Tây Sơn-Nguyễn War (1777–1785) | Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty | Nguyễn lord's loyalists in Cochinchina | Territorial change
|
Third Đại Việt-Siam War (1785) | Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty | Rattanakosin Siam Nguyễn Ánh's forces |
Victory
|
Sixth Đại Việt-Cambodia War (1785) | Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty | Cambodia | Victory |
Nguyễn Huệ–Nguyễn Nhạc conflict (1787) | Nguyễn Nhạc's forces in Quy Nhơn | Nguyễn Huệ's forces in Phú Xuân | Indecisive
|
Tây Sơn-Lê War (1787–1789) | Cochinchina under Tây Sơn dynasty | Tonkin under Later Lê dynasty Supported by: |
Dynasty change
|
Second Tây Sơn-Nguyễn War (1787–1802) | Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty Supported by:
|
Nguyễn Ánh's forces in Cochinchina Supported by:
|
Dynasty change
|
Đại Việt–Qing War (1788–1789) | Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty | Qing dynasty Lê Chiêu Thống's forces |
Victory
|
Đại Việt-Vientiane War (1791) | Đại Việt under Tây Sơn dynasty | Vientiane Muang Phuan Lê's loyalists |
Victory
|
Nguyễn dynasty – Independent period (1802–1887)
editConflict | Nguyễn's dynasty | Opponents | Result | Notable battles |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tonkin campaign (1883 - 1886) | [[Tonkin| ]] Đại Nam under Nguyễn dynasty Supported by:
|
[[Cochinchina| ]] Second French Empire | Defeated:
|
|
Colonial era
editRepublican era
editDemocratic Republic of Vietnam - North Vietnam (1945–1976)
editState of Vietnam and Republic of Vietnam – South Vietnam (1949–1975)
editUnification era
editSocialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present)
editConflict | Vietnam and allies | Opponents | Result | Leader |
---|---|---|---|---|
Insurgency in the Central Highlands (1975–1992) | Vietnam People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989) Laos |
FULRO | Victory | Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991) Đỗ Mười (from) |
Cambodian-Vietnamese border skirmish (1975–1978) | Vietnam | Democratic Kampuchea | Victory
|
Lê Duẩn |
Insurgency in Laos (1975–2007) | Laos
Pro-government Hmong people |
Anti-government Hmong insurgents | Victory to Laos | Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991) Đỗ Mười (1991–1997) Lê Khả Phiêu (1997–2001) Nông Đức Mạnh (from 2001) |
Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1978–1989) | Vietnam FUNSK Post-invasion: 1979–1989: Vietnam People's Republic of Kampuchea 1989–1991: State of Cambodia Supported by: |
Democratic Kampuchea (1979–1982) Post-invasion: CGDK/NGC (1982–1990) Thailand (border clashes) |
Victory
|
Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (from 1986) |
Vietnamese border raids in Thailand (1979–1989) | Vietnam People's Republic of Kampuchea |
Thailand Khmer Rouge Supported by: |
Victory
| |
Sino–Vietnamese War (1979) | Vietnam | China | Stalemate
|
Lê Duẩn |
Sino-Vietnamese border conflicts (1979 – 1991) |
Vietnam | China | Stalemate
|
Lê Duẩn (until July 1986) Trường Chinh (July–December 1986) Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986–1991) Đỗ Mười (from 1991) |
Thai–Laotian Border War (1987–1988) | Laos Vietnam |
Thailand | Victory to Laos
|
Nguyễn Văn Linh |
Johnson South Reef Skirmish (1988) | Vietnam | China | Defeat
| |
Cambodian Internal Conflict (1993–1998) | Cambodia Supported by: |
Khmer Rouge | Victory to Cambodia
|
Đỗ Mười (until 1997) Lê Khả Phiêu (from 1997) |
Notes
edit- ^ 258 BC is the current consensus. Some Vietnamese sources such as the Đại Việt sử lược and the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư contend that this event took place in 208 BC; whereas the Chinese Records of the Grand Historian dates the enthronement of Thục Phán in 218 BC, amidst the Qin campaign against the Baiyue.
- ^ Start date remains disputed, but North Vietnam did not intervene before 1959.
Citations
edit- ^ Stuart-Fox, Martin (2008). History Dictionary of Laos (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-8108-5624-0.