Wikipedia

Public transport in Auckland

(Redirected from Public Transport in Auckland)

Public transport in Auckland, the largest metropolitan area of New Zealand, consists of three modes: bus, train and ferry. Services are coordinated by Auckland Transport (AT) under the AT and AT Metro brands. Waitematā railway station is the city's main transport hub.

Auckland Transport (AT)
An AT AM class train at Parnell station
An AT AM class train at Parnell station
Overview
Area servedAuckland metropolitan area
LocaleAuckland region
Transit typeSuburban rail, bus, ferry
Annual ridership
  • 86.8 million (2023/24)[1]
  • Bus: 68.1 million
  • Train: 13.8 million
  • Ferry: 4.9 million
Websiteat.govt.nz
Operation
Operator(s)Auckland One Rail
Bayes Coachlines
Kinetic Group (Go Bus, NZ Bus)
Howick and Eastern Buses
Pavlovich Transport Solutions
Ritchies Transport
Tranzit Group (Tranzurban Auckland)
Belaire Ferries
Explore Group
Fullers360 (Waiheke Bus Company)
SeaLink NZ
System map
Map
Interactive map showing rapid transit lines in Auckland. Proposed lines are shown in grey.
A two-minute animation of a day's activity on Auckland's public transport network

Until the 1950s, Auckland was well served by public transport and had high levels of ridership.[2] However, the dismantling of an extensive tram system in the 1950s, the decision by Stan Goosman[3] to not electrify Auckland's rail network, and a focus of transport investment into a motorway system led to the collapse in both mode share and total trips.[4] By the 1990s, Auckland had experienced one of the sharpest declines in public transport patronage in the world, with only 33 trips per capita per year.[5]

Since 2000, a greater focus has been placed on improving Auckland's public transport system through a series of projects and service improvements. Major improvements include the Waitematā railway station, the Northern Busway, the upgrade and electrification of the rail network[6] and the introduction of integrated ticketing through the AT HOP Card. These efforts have led to sustained growth in patronage, particularly on the rail network. Between June 2005 and November 2017 total patronage increased from 51.3 million boardings per annum to 90.9 million.[7]

Despite those strong gains, the overall share of travel in Auckland by public transport is still quite low. At the 2013 census, around 8% of journeys to work were by public transport[8] Per-capita patronage in 2018 of around 60 boardings was higher than most American cities, but lower than Wellington, Brisbane and Perth, and well below Sydney, Melbourne and most large Canadian cities.[9]

Auckland's rapid population growth means that improving the city's public transport system is a priority for Auckland Council[10] and the New Zealand Government.[11] Major improvements planned or underway include the City Rail Link,[12] construction of the Eastern Busway between Panmure and Botany, and the proposed City Centre–Māngere Line, a light rail line between the city centre and Auckland Airport,[13] which was cancelled by the coalition government in 2024.[14]

History

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Pre World War II growth

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Horse-drawn trams operated in Auckland from 1884. The Auckland Electric Tram Company's system was officially opened on 17 November 1902.[15] The Electric Tram Company started as a private company before being acquired by Auckland City Council. The tram network enabled and shaped much of Auckland's growth throughout the early 20th century. Auckland's public transport system was very well utilised, with usage peaking at over 120 million boardings during the Second World War, when Auckland's population was less than 500,000.[16]

 
An Auckland bus in the 1920s

Post World War II decline

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Auckland's extensive tram network was removed in the 1950s, with the last line closing in late 1956.[17][18] Although a series of ambitious rail schemes were proposed between the 1940s and 1970s,[19] the focus of transport improvements in Auckland shifted to developing an extensive motorway system. Passionate advocacy from long-time Mayor of Auckland City Council Dove-Myer Robinson for a "rapid rail" scheme was ultimately unsuccessful.[20]

 
Auckland electric tramlines 1900 to 1960

Removal of the tram system, little investment in Auckland's rail network and growing car ownership in the second half of the 20th century led to a collapse in ridership across all modes of public transport.[4] From a 1954 average level of 290 public transport trips per person per year (a share of 58% of all motorised trips), patronage decreased rapidly.[21][22] 1950s patronage levels were only reached again in the 2010s, despite Auckland's population growing four-fold over the same time period.[4]

These decisions also shaped Auckland's growth patterns in the late 20th century, with the city becoming a relatively low-density dispersed urban area with a population highly dependent on private vehicles for their travel needs.[23] By the late 1990s ongoing population growth and high levels of car use were leading to the recognition that traffic congestion was one of Auckland's biggest problems.[24]

Privatisation

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It has been claimed that the city's public transport decline resulted from, "privatisation, a poor regulatory environment and a funding system that favours roads".[25] On the other hand, NZ Bus claim that increasing passengers and cost control began with privatisation in 1991.[26]

21st century revival

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As concerns over urban sprawl and traffic congestion grew in the 1990s and early 2000s, public transport returned to the spotlight, with growing agreement of the "need for a substantial shift to public transport".[27] Growing recognition that Auckland could no longer "build its way out of congestion" through more roads alone led to the first major improvements to Auckland's public transport system in half a century:

  • Waitematā station was opened in 2003 as Britomart Transport Centre, the first major upgrade of Auckland's rail network since World War II. This project allowed trains to reach into the heart of Auckland's city centre and acted as a catalyst for the regeneration of this part of downtown Auckland.[28]
  • The Northern Busway was opened in 2008, providing Auckland's North Shore with rapid transit that enabled bus riders to avoid congestion on the Northern Motorway and Auckland Harbour Bridge.[29]
  • A core upgrade of Auckland's rail network between 2006 and 2011, known as Project DART, which included double-tracking of the Western Line, the reopening of the Onehunga Branch line to Onehunga, a rail spur to Manukau City and a series of station upgrades.[30]
  • Electrification of the Auckland rail network (except for the section of track between Papakura and Pukekohe) and the purchase of new electric trains from Spanish manufacturer CAF. Electric train services commenced in 2014. AT trains were 100% electric in 2022.[31]
  • Implementation of an integrated ticketing and fares system, through the AT HOP card, enabling consistent fares and easy transfers between different bus, train and ferry operators.
  • Electric AT buses and depots began replacing diesel in 2020. In March 2024 there were 138 zero-emission buses, including one double-decker.[32][33][34]

Despite these improvements, the lack of investment in Auckland's public transport system throughout the latter part of the 20th century means the city still has much lower levels of ridership than other major cities in Canada and Australia.[35] Auckland's ongoing strong population growth and constrained geography means that Auckland's transport plans now have a strong focus on further improving the quality and attractiveness of public transport.[36] Further improvements are to be realised in the years to 2028 under the Auckland Transport Alignment Project (ATAP), valued at NZ$28 billion[37] ($4.6 billion more than previously planned), of which $9.1 billion is for additional public transport projects, including: the completion of the City Rail Link; the construction of the Eastern Busway, which will run from Panmure to Botany; Northern Busway extension to Albany; the extension of the railway electrification to Pukekohe; a third line to Auckland between Westfield and Wiri[38] or Wiri and Papakura, to allow freight trains to bypass stationary passenger trains;[39] further new electric trains and the construction of a new light rail line, the City Centre–Māngere Line.[40]

In late January 2022, the New Zealand Government approved a NZ$14.6 billion project to establish a partially tunneled light rail network between Auckland Airport and the Wynyard Quarter in the Auckland CBD. The proposed light rail network will integrate with current train and bus hubs as well as the City Rail Link's stations and connections. Transport Minister Michael Wood also added that the Government would decide on plans to establish a second harbour crossing at Waitematā Harbour in 2023.[41][42]

Buses

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AT pictogram for buses

Urban services

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A CRRC electric bus with 2023 AT branding
 
An Alexander Dennis Enviro500 MMC double-decker bus
 
Alexander Dennis Enviro200 XLB in the Auckland CBD

Buses provide for around 70% of public transport trips in Auckland.[7] Bus services generally run from around 6am to midnight, with a limited number of buses linking Auckland's suburbs and city centre after midnight on Friday and Saturday nights only, with Northern Express services on the Northern Busway on the North Shore running half-hourly until 3:00 a.m.[43] Services are contracted by Auckland Transport (AT) and operated by a number of private companies, including:

AT began rebranding bus services to AT Metro in 2014–2015 to create a single identity for all bus services, with some exceptions like the Link buses which retained their red, green and orange colours.[45] In 2023, AT began decommissioning the AT Metro brand, replacing it with the refreshed AT brand identity. The livery colours are being retrained.[46][47]

 
A BCI CitiRider operating as a Northern Express service

There are five Link services; all accept fare payment by AT HOP card or cash and all run from early morning to late evening, 7 days of the week.[48]

Airport services

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The AirportLink bus provides a connection to Puhinui railway station where Southern Line or Eastern Line services connect from Waitematā in downtown Auckland. It also serves Manukau railway station to provide connections to the east. Bus 38 connects the Airport to Māngere and Onehunga.[49]

The SkyDrive bus provides a direct bus connection between Auckland Airport and Auckland CBD.[50] Previously, SkyBus provided direct bus services, however the service ceased due to the Covid-19 pandemic.[51]

Bus priority facilities

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Northern Busway looking north along the Tristram Avenue viaduct

Auckland has a growing number of bus lanes, some of which operate at peak times only and others 24 hours a day. These lanes are for buses and two-wheeled vehicles only and are intended to reduce congestion and shorten travel times. All are sign-posted and marked on the road surface.

The Central Connector bus lane project improved links between Newmarket and the inner city, while bus lanes are also planned on Remuera Road and St Johns Road to connect the city with the Eastern Bays suburbs.

The Northern Busway provides complete separation for buses from general traffic between Akoranga busway station (near Takapuna) and Albany busway station. In the near future, a new station will be built between Albany and Constellation busway station called Rosedale. It will serve the nearby Industrial Area. [52] In the long-term plans remain to extend the busway to Hibiscus Coast busway station, and Orewa.[53]

The Eastern Busway (AMETI) is currently being constructed to connect Botany and Panmure with a separated busway along Ti Rakau Drive, onto Pakuranga Road and Lagoon Drive. Pre-construction began in late 2018, with the removal of houses along Pakuranga Road due to be complete by April 2019. Stage one connecting Panmure and Pakuranga opened in 2021, with continued construction of the busway from Pakuranga to Botany being completed by 2025. A new Botany station is due to be completed by 2026. Further extensions to Auckland Airport via Manukau City are being explored, although no decisions on this extension have been made public.[citation needed]

Other planned busways include the Northwestern Busway[54] between Westgate and the city centre (possibly to be built as light-rail instead of a busway[11]) and a bus connection between Auckland Airport, Manukau City and Botany.[11] There are currently small sections of bus lanes on SH16 between Westgate and Newton Rd as an interim "short-term" improvement before the Northwestern Busway is built.[55]

Commuter services

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At peak hours express buses serve commuters from the outlying towns north and south of Auckland.

Express bus 125X took up to 2 hours[56] to cover the 43 km (27 mi) from Helensville to Auckland. However, this route is no longer operated since November 2023 as part of a West Auckland network change.

Mahu City Express has run a commuter bus from Snells Beach to Parnell[57] since October 2015. It runs twice a day, Monday to Friday, taking about an hour[57] for the 57 km (35 mi) from Warkworth to Victoria Park,[58] with stops at Smales Farm and Akoranga.[57] Since 1 March 2021 the first electric luxury coach in the country has been on the route.[59] It uses a 40-seat Yutong TCe12, bought with the aid of a $352,500 EECA grant.[60]

Bus 995 runs hourly, linking Warkworth to Hibiscus Coast busway station,[61] with connection to the Northern Express, taking a bit over an hour to Auckland.[62]

Waiuku's bus 395 links it to Papakura railway station twice a day.[63]

 
InterCity Volvo B11R (ex. ManaBus) at SkyCity in 2021, going to Tauranga

Long-distance services

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Long-distance bus operator InterCity links Auckland with all the main centres in the North Island,[64] also operating the budget-orientated SKIP Bus services.[65] Skip buses were suspended from 25 March 2020.[66] Until 18 August 1996 InterCity services operated from Auckland railway station. Since then they have run from SkyCity.[67] SkyCity wants the bus station to move and it has been criticised for diesel fumes and poor toilets.[68] However, InterCity rejected a move to Manukau and, in 2020, plans to move back to the old railway station were dropped.[69]

Night services

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There are a total of 15 routes as part of the Night Bus and Northern Express bus services which operate on Friday and Saturday nights between the hours of 00:00 and 03:30.[70][71] Most routes depart the city centre on an hourly basis although the Northern Express bus route NX1 is more frequent.[70] The night bus services were paused during COVID but returned on 2 December 2021 when AT's Group Manager Metro Services Stacey van der Putten noted that AT was "bringing back a wide range of our 'Night Buses' services this weekend to help support our city's hospitality sector and to make it easier for town-goers and hospitality workers alike to get home safely and affordably in the early hours."[72]

Busiest routes

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The following table shows the 20 busiest bus routes in Auckland by boardings in 2023.[73]

Rank Route Description Annual patronage (2023)
1 NX1 Hibiscus Coast Station to Britomart via Northern Busway. One of two Northern Express services. 3,770,829
2 70 Botany to Britomart via Pakuranga, Panmure, and Ellerslie 3,637,401
3 NX2 Albany Station to City universities via Northern Busway. One of two Northern Express services. 2,419,166
4 OUT Outer Link: Wellesley St, Parnell, Newmarket, Mountt Eden, Saint Lukes, Point Chevalier, Westmere, Wellesley St 1,912,971
5 75 Glen Innes to Wynyard Quarter via Remuera Road 1,512,735
6 INN Inner Link: Britomart, Parnell, Newmarket, Karangahape Road, Ponsonby, Britomart 1,480,555
7 18 New Lynn to City Centre via Great North Road 1,411,332
8 30 Onehunga to City Centre via Manukau Road 1,297,167
9 25B Blockhouse Bay to City Centre via Dominion Road 1,037,158
10 25L Lynfield to City Centre via Dominion Road 999,425
11 33 Papakura to Ōtāhuhu via Great South Road 874,883
12 83 Albany to Takapuna via Browns Bay and Constellation station 847,337
13 66 Sylvia Park to Point Chevalier via Royal Oak and Mt Albert 843,119
14 27W Waikowhai to City Centre via Oakdale Road and Mount Eden Road 810,532
15 24B New Lynn to City Centre via Blockhouse Bay and Sandringham Road 805,524
16 27H Waikowhai to City Centre via Hillsborough Road and Mount Eden Road 753,950
17 CTY City Link: Wynyard Quarter to Karangahape Road via Queen St 726,372
18 22R Rosebank Road to City Centre via New North Road 692,586
19 24R New Lynn to City Centre via Richardson Road and Sandringham Road 690.807
20 120 Henderson to Constellation Station via Upper Harbour Bridge 658,109

Trains

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AT pictogram for trains
 
Lines and active projects on the Auckland rail network
 
Auckland rail network map as of July 2015
Main articles: Light rail in Auckland, City Rail Link, and Auckland railway electrification

Urban services

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Auckland's urban train services are operated under the AT brand by Auckland One Rail. Trains and stations are owned by Auckland Transport, while tracks and other rail infrastructure are owned by KiwiRail.

Since the opening of Waitematā railway station, significant improvements have been made to urban rail services. These include:

  • Sunday services were reintroduced in October 2005 for the first time in over 40 years, together with a general 25% service frequency increase.[74]
  • Project DART upgraded the core rail network between 2006 and 2012, including double-tracking the Western Line, completed in 2010,[75] constructing the Manukau Branch line from Wiri to Manukau City Centre, completed in 2012, rebuilding and reconfiguring Newmarket railway station, completed in 2010, and reopening the disused Onehunga Branch line for passengers[76] in September 2010.
  • Electrification of the rail network from Swanson station on the Western Line and Papakura station on the Southern Line and the purchase of 57 electric trains. The first passenger services operated in April 2014.[77]
  • Otahuhu railway station was extensively rebuilt to connect with a new bus interchange being built alongside. In October 2016, the interchange was opened to coincide with the launching of a new bus network timetable in South Auckland, Pukekohe and Waiuku.[78]
  • The new Manukau bus station (next to Manukau railway station) was officially opened in April 2018 and bus services from the new facility began, serving South and East Auckland.[79][80]
  • A bus and rail interchange at Puhinui connecting Auckland Airport to and from Manukau bus station, that began its construction of the first stage in October 2019 and completed in early 2021. The new interchange opened on 26 July 2021.[81][82][83]

These improvements have led to rapid growth in rail ridership, from a low of 1 million annual boardings in 1994 to over 20 million in 2017.[84] Increasing train frequencies to meet further growth is not possible because of the "dead end" at Waitematā railway station which means all trains entering and exiting the station need to use the same two tracks. The City Rail Link project, due to be opened in 2024 is a tunnel between Waitematā station and Maungawhau railway station designed to address these constraints, provide greater route flexibility across the entire network, and create a more direct route for Western Line services.[85] This project will convert the system from a commuter rail network to an S-Train network, providing metro-like frequencies during peak.

Services

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There are four commuter rail lines:[86][87][88]

Line Frequency Calling at Notes
Peak Off-peak
Eastern Line 6 tph 3 tph Waitematā, Ōrākei, Meadowbank, Glen Innes, Panmure, Sylvia Park, Ōtāhuhu, Middlemore, Papatoetoe, Puhinui, Manukau
Southern Line 6 tph 3 tph Waitematā, Parnell, Newmarket, Remuera, Greenlane, Ellerslie, Penrose, Ōtāhuhu, Middlemore, Papatoetoe, Puhinui, Homai, Manurewa, Te Mahia, Takaanini, Papakura, Pukekohe
Western Line 6 tph 3 tph Waitematā, Parnell, Newmarket, Grafton, Maungawhau, Kingsland, Morningside, Baldwin Avenue, Mount Albert, Avondale, New Lynn, Fruitvale Road, Glen Eden, Sunnyvale, Henderson, Sturges Road, Rānui, Swanson Trains reverse at Newmarket
Onehunga Line 2 tph Newmarket, Remuera†, Greenlane†, Ellerslie, Penrose, Te Papapa, Onehunga
tph = trains per hour
† station served at evenings only

Maungawhau station is closed until 2024 for City Rail Link construction.
Pukekohe station is closed for redevelopment until 2024.

Rolling stock

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Class Image Type Top speed Number Carriages Routes operated Built
km/h mph
AM class   EMU 110 68 72 3 Eastern Line
Onehunga Line
Southern Line (Waitematā–Papakura)
Western Line 		2013–2020

Long-distance services

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Auckland has two long-distance passenger train services. The first is the Northern Explorer to Wellington, operated by KiwiRail Scenic Journeys, which runs southbound on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays and northbound Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. The service is mainly tourist-oriented.

The second is the Te Huia regional service, which runs one morning and one afternoon service each way between Hamilton and Auckland via The Base and Huntly.[89] This service was extended from its initial northern termini of Papakura railway station to Puhinui railway station and The Strand Station in January 2022.[90]

Future upgrades

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A number of upgrades and extensions to the rail network have been proposed, some for several decades:

In 2020, the government announced funding for electrification of the railway line from Papakura to Pukekohe, new railway stations at Drury, a third main line and improvements to the Wiri – Quay Park corridor.[98]

In 2022, AT announced 23 new electric commuter trains would be added to its fleet, taking it to 95 in total.[99]

Network map

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Ferries

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AT pictogram for ferries
 
Wanderer, one of four upgraded ferries owned by AT since 2022

History

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The first official ferry started in 1854, the first steam ferry in 1860,[100] the first scheduled ferry in 1865, Auckland & North Shore Steam Ferry Co in 1869, Devonport Steam Ferry Company in 1885, a vehicle ferry in 1911 and North Shore Ferries in 1959.[101]

In 1981 George and Douglas Hudson bought North Shore Ferries and Waiheke Shipping Co. In 1984 they founded Gulf Ferries, and their first catamaran, the $3m Quickcat, cut the Waiheke ferry time from 75 minutes to 40,[102] with Fullers putting Kea on the Devonport route from 1988.[101] Fullers Corporation was mainly operating cruises and, in 1987, when they introduced Supercat III,[103] they were refused a licence to compete on Waiheke commuter trips.[104] The Hudsons bought Fullers from its 1988 receivership[105] and formed Fullers Group Ltd in 1994 and Stagecoach took a majority holding in 1998.[106] In 2009, Souter Holdings purchased Fullers Group and also 360 Discovery Cruises.[107]

In 2022, Auckland Transport (AT) purchased four diesel ferries that were in dire need of repair from Fullers, and is upgrading them to reduce their emissions.[108][109] There are plans to commission five new electric and hybrid-electric ferries, with the first two expected to arrive in 2024.[110][111]

 
Ferry routes in 2007
 
Auckland Ferry Terminal, 2007

Services

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Main article: List of Auckland ferries

Around 7 million ferry trips per year[7] were made in Auckland in prior to COVID-19. Yearly patronage decreased to 3 million in 2021,[7] due to the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on public transport.

Most ferry routes start from Downtown Auckland and have no intermediate stops. The ferry operators are:

Terminals

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Main article: Auckland Ferry Terminal

The Auckland Ferry Terminal is in downtown Auckland on Quay Street, between Princes Wharf and the container port, directly opposite Waitematā railway station.

Ferries also connect the city with islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Regular sailings serve Waiheke Island, with less frequent services to Great Barrier Island, Rangitoto Island, Motutapu Island and other inner-gulf islands, primarily for tourism.

There are no ferry services on the west coast of Auckland, although there were some historical services from Onehunga. None are planned, as the city's waterfront orientation is much stronger towards the (eastern) Waitematā Harbour than to the (western) Manukau Harbour.

Ticketing and fares

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Main article: AT HOP card

An integrated ticketing / smartcard system, known as the AT HOP card, was developed for Auckland by Thales, similar to systems like Octopus card in Hong Kong.[115][116]

The first stage of integrated ticketing came online in time for the Rugby World Cup 2011, with construction works for the 'tag on' / 'tag off' infrastructure having begun in January 2011.[117] The 'HOP Card' was publicised with a $1 million publicity campaign that started in early 2011.[116]

The AT HOP card system went live in October 2012 for trains, November 2012 for ferries and between June 2013 and March 2014 for buses.[118]

In 2016, Auckland Transport simplified fares by changing to a system based on 13 fare zones. The fare is no longer based on the distance travelled (number of stages), but on the number of zones passed through, so that a journey in a zone that involves multiple rides or even a mode mix (bus or train) will be charged only one fare.[119] Ferries are not included in the simplified fares system and are charged per ride.

A national ticketing system (branded as Motu Move) has been proposed by Waka Kotahi which will "improve public transport for New Zealanders through a standardised approach to paying for public transport which will provide a common customer experience no matter where you are in the country." Auckland is set to receive the system by 2026.[120]

In 2023, AT announced bus, train and ferry passengers would be able to 'tag on/off' with contactless payments (debit/Credit cards, Apple Pay and Google Pay) in addition to AT HOP cards by June 2024.[121] However, this has been delayed to late 2024.[122]

By 2028, AT HOP cards will have been fully replaced by Motu Move prepaid cards and contactless payments.[122]

Public advocacy

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A number of groups advocate for improving public transport in Auckland. Some groups operate prominent blogs, participate in public discussions on social media and prepare plans advocating for particular improvements. These groups include:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "AT Metro patronage report". Auckland Transport. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  2. ^ "Public transport patronage the highest in more than 60 years". OurAuckland. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  3. ^ "Sir Dove-Myer Robinson on his Rapid Transit Scheme – Part 4". transportblog.co.nz. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "Michael Lee: Sins of the fathers – legacy of harbour bridge". The New Zealand Herald. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  5. ^ Mees, Paul (February 2001). "The American Heresy: Half a century of transport planning in Auckland".
  6. ^ "Developing Auckland's Rail Transport – DART". KiwiRail. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d "Auckland Transport Patronage Report".
  8. ^ "Journey to Work Patterns in the Auckland Region | Ministry of Transport". transport.govt.nz. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  9. ^ "100 million trips, how does it compare?". Greater Auckland. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  10. ^ "Mayor Phil Goff's vision for Auckland". Auckland Council. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  11. ^ a b c d Orsman, Bernard (6 August 2017). "Jacinda Ardern outlines Labour's light rail plan for Auckland". The New Zealand Herald. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
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  13. ^ Auckland Transport (24 March 2017). "Airport and Mangere Rail".
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  15. ^ "Tramway". Motat Museum of Transport and Technology. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
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  17. ^ Auckland Tram – Number 11 Archived 17 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine (from the MOTAT website)
  18. ^ A Wheel on Each Corner, The History of the IPENZ Transportation Group 1956–2006 – Douglass, Malcolm; IPENZ Transportation Group, 2006, Page 12
  19. ^ @AmeliaJWade, Amelia Wade Reporter, NZ Herald amelia wade@nzherald co nz (31 May 2016). "Rail Link 100 years in the making". The New Zealand Herald. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 26 December 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ History of Auckland City – Chapter 4 Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine (from the Auckland City Council website. Retrieved 7 June 2008.)
  21. ^ Auckland's Transport Challenges Archived 25 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine (from the Draft 2009/10-2011/12 Auckland Regional Land Transport Programme, Page 8), ARTA, March 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
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  29. ^ Busway FAQ on North Shore City Council website. Retrieved 11 January 2008
  30. ^ KiwiRail. "DART – KiwiRail". kiwirail.co.nz. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  31. ^ Transport, Auckland (18 March 2024). "Mission Electric". Auckland Transport. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  32. ^ Transport, Auckland (18 March 2024). "Mission Electric". Auckland Transport. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  33. ^ "Auckland Mayor Wayne Brown powers up to drive electric bus round cones". NZ Herald. 13 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  34. ^ "Business.Scoop » Auckland Transport Welcomes First Double Decker Electric Bus". Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  35. ^ Wallis, Ian (15 August 2011). "Auckland Passenger Transport Performance Benchmark Study" (PDF).
  36. ^ "Auckland Transport Alignment Project | Ministry of Transport". transport.govt.nz. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  37. ^ "What you need to know about the $28b Auckland Transport Alignment Project". Stuff.co.nz. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  38. ^ "Wiri to Westfield – The Case for Investment" (PDF). KiwiRail. December 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  39. ^ "Jacinda Ardern outlines Labour's light rail plan for Auckland". Stuff. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  40. ^ "Auckland Transport Alignment Project" (PDF). Auckland Council. April 2018.
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  44. ^ "About Us | Tranzurban". Tranzurban. 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018. Tranzurban is the newest addition to Tranzit Group and will operate a part of the new North Shore bus network from September 2018 in collaboration with Auckland Transport.
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  46. ^ Transport, Auckland (3 March 2024). "Brand identity guidelines". Auckland Transport. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
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  48. ^ "Link bus service". Auckland Transport. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  49. ^ "Airport Services". Auckland Transport. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
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