Talk:Panama Canal/Archive 1

Archive 1

The Northwest Passage

Should there be a part about how the opening of the Northwest Passage may affect the importance of the canal? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.188.98.126 (talk) 00:23, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

I also thought this topic was conspicuous by it's absence. Unfortunately I don't know enough about shipping routes or when it's likely to become open to write about it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.105.6.104 (talk) 08:58, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

World Record Hydro Electricity Production Potential

The Panama Canal is one of the few places in the world that connects two large bodies of water with a differentiating sea level. The difference in those sea levels means that a passage allowing water to pass through from the higher to the lover level can be used to generate electricity. Because of the immense amount of water in the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, a scalable hydroecetricity project could be constructed with energy production capability that is indefenite.

Currently the canal is above sea level for both of the oceans. Because the water will not flow upstream, a tunnel will have to be dug underneath. An immense, hundered mile plus project will establish a passage of water from the sea level difference. Hydroelectricity generators can be built at either end to generate electricity without ever requiting the construction of a dam. Later on the tunner can be widened for increased water flow with very large potential. See Channel Tunnel for a similar project already completed.

Yes, but then the oil giants won't be making any money if the damn thing actually works. Have you thought about them?

-G

And what do you propose to do with the electricity generated? Line loss limits the radius of efficient distribution. The economy within the radius of distribution is relatively poor. You can't ship it off. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.22.49.54 (talk) 05:13, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Besides which, if the mean difference in elevation between the two ends of the canal is just 20cm, as we claim in the sea level page, that's a very small head for generation of hydropower. The reservoir of available water may be enormous, but if it's only dropping (on average) seven inches it will be hard to generate much electricity from it. 65.213.77.129 (talk) 18:53, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

More balanced links needed

The links at the end of this entry consist of:

--The webpage of the canal authority itself

--An (apparently historical, unbiased) webpage in Spanish

--Two links to JudicialWatch, an archconservative, moral majority organization so far out of the mainstream it's not even funny.

Seem a little...um...unbalanced to anyone else?

I recently wrote a paper on the canal and I will add some information to this page very soon. (July 8th, 2005)

I did the edit regarding the reference sections and return of the canal to Panama; sorry to edit anonymously---Raskolnikov The Penguin. 69.114.78.83 00:05, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

The whole "Return of the Canal" section had a very "Oh my God the reds are coming" tone, backed up by numerous links to far-right web sites. Also several "sinister" statements were made without citations; eg. "... a Chinese Hong Kong corporation named Hutchison Whampoa, operating under the name Hutchison Port Holdings and headed by Li Ka Shing, the wealthiest Chinese individual". Without source citations, I don't think this is appropriate. (In contrast, "... the U.S. State Department says it has found no evidence of connections between Hutchison Whampoa and Beijing" [1] is a factual statement ("the U.S. State Department says ...") backed up by a good source (CNN).) I've therefore had a go at balancing this section. I've also added some links on efficiency, which I think has generally improved drastically. — Johantheghost 20:13, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Units of power

What is this supposed to mean: The canal system produces more than 500 gigawatts of electricity per year in hydroelectric power? Watt is already a measure of power, and power over time makes no sense. Wh per year would make sense, but would also be redundant. Ehn 02:08, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

A Kilowatt-hour, a watt-second (ie joule), or a watt-year would all be units of energy. There are 8760 hours in a year. So, if I have done my arithmetic correctly, 500 gigawatt-years would be about 57,000 kilowatt-hours -- Geo Swan 03:35, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

However, "500 gigawatts of elecricity per year" would be power / time, not power * time. Power * time is a measure of energy; power / time is gibberish. In fact, power sources (like hydroelectric power plants) generate a constant wattage independent of time; so, if the canal produces 500 gigawatts of elecricity in a year, it produces 500 gigawatts in a second, too. As Ehn points out, Wh per year would be redundant; it would be a measure of power, which is already precisely expressed as 500 gigawatts. --70.121.26.115 22:42, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Diagram

I've added a rough diagram of the canal to the Description section. Now, I'd be the first to admit that it's pretty naff-looking. But I added it because:

• I think it clearly illustrates the key parts of the canal
• I made it and donated it under GFDL, so no copyright issues
• it's better than nothing

So feel free to criticise, delete, or — best of all — improve it. I can send you the Gimp (.xcf) master file if you want to hack on it. — Johantheghost 14:35, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Editorial Issues

I've re-organised the History section and put it in chronological order; however, it's still in need of a good clean-up. — Johantheghost 19:16, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

The article overall is getting too big and will need a split soon. Ideas? I'm thinking all the History stuff could come out into a separate article, since it's an epic in its own right. — Johantheghost 19:16, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

OK, I've done it — History of the Panama Canal is now an article.

I've still got "Return of the Canal" in the main article, because as I see it this is really a current issue, not historical — it's more about where the canal is going, rather than how it got made. Comments? Maybe I should split it between "History" and the "Future" section. — Johantheghost 15:37, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Done that too! Seems to work quite well. — Johantheghost 20:24, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Archived Further Reading

I removed the following "references" because:

• they're not actually linked from the text;
• they generally don't contain enough information to find them easily (eg. Hammond & Lewin. The Panama Canal. 1966: is it a book, journal, ...?)
• they don't contain enough information on what they contain, so a reader can't decide whether it's worth the effort to hunt them down (and therefore won't bother).

Feel free to fix these problems and put them back in the article.

• Hammond & Lewin. The Panama Canal. 1966.
• Leach,Peter. Journal of Commerce. New York: Jul 4, 2005. pg. 1
• Panama Canal rates deter trade Traffic World Newark:May 11, 2005. p. 1
• Panamaxed out Project Finance London:Mar 2005. p. 1
• Tight Squeeze Michael A Levans. Logistics Management (2002) Highland Ranch:Jan 2005. Vol. 44,
• Competition for the Panama Canal? Anonymous. World Trade Troy:Mar 2004. Vol. 17, Iss. 3, p. 10,12 (2 pp.)
• Leach, Peter.Killing the golden goose? Journal of Commerce New York:Apr 4, 2005. p. 1
• Panama economy: Panama Canal's expansion strategies hold water EIU ViewsWire New York:Dec 23, 2004. p. n/a
• Panama looks to revitalize its biggest asset
• Rainbow Nelson. Euromoney London:Nov 2004. p. 26-28
• Industry: Expand Panama Canal :[The Journal Of Commerce Online Edition] Journal of Commerce New York:Mar 3, 2005. p. 1

Johantheghost 22:10, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

An historic and complete story of the Panama Canal can be found in David McCullough's "The Path Between the Seas," which details not only the effects of disease but also de Lessep's folly in thinking he could build a canal through Panama as he had in Suez and the fiscal problems of the French canal company. No mention is made of William Gorgas whose mosquito control efforts made possible the completion of the Canal without an unacceptable loss of life.

(Henry R. Rupp [hrupp@optonline.net]) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.85.224.91 (talk) 16:08, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

State of Play

Things that I would like to see addressed more:

• We've got virtually nothing on the hydro power schemes — I just can't find any good info on these. I'm pretty sure there's generation at both Gatun and Madden dams — or is Madden just used as a reservoir?

• I'd like some more info on the minor bridges; it seems to be very hard to find anything. Specifically:
  • Is the small road bridge at Miraflores still used? Open to the public?
  • Is the large swinging bridge at Miraflores still used? Am I right that it's a rail bridge? I seem to remember being told that it was built to service a U.S. military base — true?
  • The Gatún road bridge is certainly in use, and I think it's open to the public. More info? Is it 2-lane?
  • Is there one at Pedro Miguel?

Contributions welcome, of course! — Johantheghost 21:28, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Layout

Currently, all the articles in the Panama Canal series (except the title article) have a standard layout with the navigation box at the top-right. This seems to be in accordance with Wikipedia:Article series and see eg. History of the United States. This also makes the nav box obvious.

However, it doesn't look too nice, and robs us of a top picture. Would it be better to make the nav box horizontal, and put it at the end, and put a top pic at the head of each article? See eg. the end of Languedoc-Roussillon. -- Johantheghost 21:00, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Concernaning the article Bridge of the Americas I tried putting the NavBox bellow the pic but it didn't look good (the box crossed the section lines) so I put them beside each other. I agree 100% with the suggestion of making the NavBox horizontal so it would fit at the bottom, there is no need for it to be at the top! --DelftUser 20:16, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Makes sense to me, I'll get on it. Johantheghost 21:40, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Design

The article said:

"An all-water route between the oceans was still seen as the ideal solution, and so the idea of a canal was revived at various times, and for various routes; a route through Nicaragua was investigated several times. Finally, enthused by the success of the Suez Canal, the French under Ferdinand de Lesseps began construction on a sea-level canal (ie. without locks) through Panama on January 1, 1880. After a great deal of work, this scheme was defeated by disease and the sheer difficulty of a sea-level canal, and the French effort collapsed in 1893."

I rewrote that to include de Lépinay's competing (successful) proposal. I rely on David McCullough's book, & the PBS doc based on it. Trekphiler 06:58, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

I've taken the liberty of tidying up the grammar and correcting some mistakes. Eg. de Lesseps wasn't an engineer — a major reason for the French failure. Was the final French high-level proposal really based on a dam at Gatun? Also, please cite your references in the article — otherwise this just looks like cheering for de Lépinay. — Johantheghost 11:45, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

On second thoughts, I've moved the addition to the history article, where this level of detail belongs. — Johantheghost 11:47, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

French canal — what if...

Glad to help. I've been intrigued by the early lock system idea, & what would have happened if they'd built it to start with. Seems like the French project ignored the mosquitoes & malaria entire. Suppose there's something to add on that? Or a link to/page on disease control on projects like the Canal? Trekphiler 15:48, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the comments. As for the locks, I think if the French had built a lock canal, the locks would have been tiny, and would have needed replacing pretty early (like the US third locks scheme). But with the canal running and bringing in money, and with the infrastructure sorted out once it was open, that could well have been a real possibility -- so the French could have succeeded on that basis. I don't think so, though, as they still had radically under-estimated the job; see eg. the totally inadequate provision for spoil removal.

As for the disease issue, it was really just bad luck; at the time the French were working, nobody knew how the diseases were spread. They actually did make fairly decent provisions for medical care, but without that knowledge it was doomed to failure (eg. the pans of water around the bed legs, to keep bugs off, which provided breeding grounds for the mozzies). The Americans had the huge good luck that the causes of both diseases were discovered just before they moved in; in fact, they were still controversial when the US started work. But still, that saved the project for them, in my opinion.

Have you seen Health measures during the construction of the Panama Canal? I think that covers it. History of the Panama Canal covers the French effort more. Feel free to make comments on the talk pages of those articles; I'm watching them. Check out the nav bar at the bottom of each page for a topic list. (It was at the top, and hence more obvious, but was also too intrusive; see the Layout discussion above.) — Johantheghost 16:43, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

You've anticipated me. I was just about to do something on the disease issues, the Fr effort predating the work of Finlay, Reed et al. on the mosquito vector. I don't know enough about it to judge how large deLépinay's locks would/might have been; I've N actually read McCullough. (I relied on the TV doc & a quick look at the book.) Guess I am a bit of a deL cheeleader, & maybe DM was, too; it sounded like he thought (& I, too) deL got it right. Timing, sometimes, is crucial. It's EZ to forget how interconnected things can be. Most histories will say the Fr project foundered on malaria & Gorgas cleaned it out, but omit the science needed before Gorgas knew to do it, forgetting we know, but they didn't. Trekphiler 12:56, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Thinking of links, have you seen James Burke's Connections & The Day the Universe Changed? They're quite remarkable for showing how things you'd never expect tie together. (They've both been made into shows for Discovery; write & demand they rebroadcast!) Trekphiler 13:02, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

The Health measures during the construction of the Panama Canal article was here ages ago; so I can't take credit! I'm assuming that with a planned bottom width for the French canal of 72 feet, the French locks would have been certainly no larger than that, and probably 50 feet wide. I agree that de Lepinay got it right; I hope that the history article covers this properly. The only reason for keeping it out of the main article is to try to keep it to a reasonable size, and with an entire article dedicated to history, there's no need to get too detailed. (Similarly I just hacked my "Locks" blurb down to size.) I've seen a lot of Connections; very cool, but here in Scotland I don't get Discovery! Cheers! — Johantheghost 13:21, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Found some info; the French locks were to be in duplicate, 738.22 feet long, 82.02 feet wide, with a normal depth of 29.5 feet. Not so far from the present-day locks after all, and they would have served pretty well for a few decades. — Johantheghost 12:36, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Random & Unimportant Aesthetic question

As a clear reflection of my over-abundance of free time (hey, I just finished my thesis!) I've been wondering quietly to myself why all the pics in this article are aligned on the left... Following the example of, say, saffron, won't it look nicer with a left/right mix?? Mikkerpikker 06:38, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

On the right, I think you mean. This same issue came up in U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, see User talk:MC MasterChef/Archive1 and User talk:Johantheghost. My point — which I have no strong feelings for — was that an all-right alignment doesn't disrupt the text, so a reader's eye can follow the para starts down the left edge of the page. I have previously used left-right style, and liked it for the reason you mention; but here, I opted for what I think makes the text read less like a slalom. — Johantheghost 11:07, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

oh, yes... I did mean right... :). Well, tis not a big deal so leave it be... Mikkerpikker 12:03, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

what about going round the other way

e.g. round the northern end of canda? or are those seas too treacherous? Plugwash 19:49, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

It's not so much the seas being treacherous, as there not being any way through — it's basically solid ice. (Or at least it was.) The north Pacific pilot charts show sea ice right down to the north coast of Alaska, typically, in September. Small boats, or one-off expeditions, have got through, but that's a long way from making a shipping route. There is, however, speculation that the ice is melting so fast that a route may become possible. — Johan the Ghost _seance 22:30, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

I would like to point out that ice was more of an issue in the early centuries. Today (thanks to global warming) ice is hardly an issue.

-G —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.67.115.16 (talk) 00:13, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Trivia

I thought about adding this, but then thought to let the "regular" editors decide. The canal is the subject of a famous palindrome: "A man, a plan, a canal: Panama" Yes, I realize it's trivial, but it might work as part of a "trivia" section. Kaisershatner 15:18, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

The question is where to put it — we don't have a "Trivia" or "Pop culture" section where it could go, and this one thing by itself doesn't really seem enough to make one. — Johan the Ghost _seance 15:39, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

I added a trivia section (before I found this discussion) because I know two pieces of info: the palindrome, and Richard Halliburton's swim. BrainyBabe 14:41, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Hmm. And it got reverted straight back. Johantheghost suggests we collect trivia here until it achieves momentum, then move it over. Here is what I originally wrote:

- The American adventurer Richard Halliburton swam through the Canal in the 1920s, and persuaded the management to operate the locks for him, claiming to be a boat of the tonnage of 150 lbs.

- One of the most famous palindromes in the English language is: "A man, a plan, a canal -- Panama."

I will look for sources. BrainyBabe 15:44, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

A suggested upgrade and ref:

• The American adventurer Richard Halliburton swam through the Canal in 1928, and persuaded the management to operate the locks for him, becoming the first swimmer to be locked through the canal. He was treated as a boat with a tonnage of 150 lbs., and was charged a toll of 36 cents on that basis. Halliburton completed his swim in around 50 hours of swimming time over a period of about 10 days.

Panama Canal Stunt Swims Began Early, from The Panama Canal Review, August 1966. Retrieved 23 February, 2006.

— Johan the Ghost _seance 17:23, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Multiple errors in spelling

There are multiple errors in spelling in this article (for example, "tonnes" and "harbour"). However, the Panama Canal is an example of American ingenuity and therefore this article should use the Modern English spellings. Isn't that consistent with Wikipedia policy, since the article is about an American subject? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.50.221.230 (talk • contribs)

The canal isn't US-American (even though it was). The article is written in international english. Tonne isn't an error; it's a metric unit. And please sign your posts. — Johan the Ghost _seance 09:36, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

The canal was made by and for America, so I don't understand how it doesn't qualify to be written in Modern English. No country anywhere near the Panama Canal uses the Old English spellings. 65.162.115.2 23:12, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

The canal was not made for the US. It is in soveriegn Panama territory. Please don't confuse the issue with blatant untruths, SqueakBox 14:37, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

The article is written in Modern English. You obviously aren't familiar with Old English; if you look at a sample, you'll see that it's quite different to Modern English. I guess that you are referring to American English.

To answer your question, the canal is owned by Panama and operated for the world, so why shouldn't the article be written in International English? Your argument is that "No country anywhere near the Panama Canal uses the Old English spellings"... well, no, they speak Spanish, so I guess we should write the article in Spanish? Except that this is the English Wikipedia. Anyhow, as regard unit names, it seems logical to me to use the SI unit names.

Then again, the article was most recently edited by a Scot, so why not write it in Scots? Except that I don't actually speak that language... — Johan the Ghost _seance 13:44, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

It should be in international English. I would argue the same for all Latin American articles. This is an international encyclopedia that suffers from Americans thinking it is an American encyclopedia. Well these Americans are wrong, SqueakBox 14:37, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

"The canal was not made for the US"

erm at least according to our artichle it was made by the US government (admittedly using an abandoned french project as a starting point) and it would be perfectly reasonable to assume they had thier own interests at heart. They did hand it over to panama eventually but it doesn't seem like it was built for thier benifit. Plugwash 22:20, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

I like this argument and I think we should extend it to other articles. I propose that we write all articles relating to Boston, New York and any other city in the USA founded before 1775 in Commonwealth English. They were founded by British (and other) colonists who were acting in interests of the British Empire, not that of any future American State. Leithp 22:28, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

BJAODN!!!!!! Sorry, that's too funny. - Jersyko·talk 04:59, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Ah, you flatter me. Sadly this is what happens after I drink a bottle of wine before editing Wikipedia, I leave facetious comments on talk pages. It's just that I've seen so many Commonwealth (or International) English vs American English arguments on Wikipedia that I've stopped taking them seriously. If you want a truly pathetic example take a look at Cat flap. Leithp 08:26, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Just to clarify I wasn't saying that the article should be changed to american english (personally I think it's a borderline case but just on the side of "should not be converted"), I was just pointing out the squeakbox's accusation was blatently wrong. Plugwash (talk) 20:19, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

What is wrong with the pics?

Why is there a pic of a girl with a bull and how is this related to the Panama Canal?

It was a test/vandalism. --Golbez 04:07, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Messed up second section

At the end of the second section (Description) someone attached the line "and when they get to heaven to st.peter they will tell "another soldier reporting sir ive spent my time in hell"

Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make whatever changes you feel are needed. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit any article by simply following the Edit this page link at the top. You don't even need to log in! (Although there are some reasons why you might like to...) The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome. — Johan the Ghost _seance 12:07, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

The Panamax limits

Some of my edits have been undone.. The capacity of the canal as a whole is surely limited by or dictated by the capacity of the locks or some point in the canal. If Panamax state that 12 metres is the maximum draft then in my book the length and width of the lock do not matter if the draft limit needs to be exceeded. What point in the Panama Canal dictates the 12 metre draft limit? The capacity in terms of tons per year etc is a function of how well the traffic is managed through the canal and the locks. Gregorydavid 11:59, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

The limiting draft of the canal is less than the limiting draft of the locks; hence stating the limiting draft of the canal in the locks section was misleading. I unfortunately don't have detailed info on where exactly the draft limit arises, but I'll look into it — I think it's Lake Gatún. Meanwhile, the "Description" section states that the size limit of the canal as a whole is panamax, which is correct. The capacity limit — tons per year — is dictated mainly by the width of the Gaillard Cut, and hence the ability of ships to pass there. — Johan the Ghost _seance 12:06, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

I'm sorry, you were right — the limit is in the locks, specifically the south sill of Pedro Miguel. I've stated this in the article. — Johan the Ghost _seance 12:42, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

The reason I got confused is that the lock chambers are supposed to have a depth of 45 feet,[2] which would make Lake Gatún the draft limit (I'm pretty sure). However, that sill at Pedro Miguel is the shallow point at 41.2 feet; I don't know what the reason is for that. — Johan the Ghost _seance 14:45, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Hi, Thanks for the feedback. I went to your user page and came back here.. I see that you keep a good eye on this article and that you have a source of facts.. Sometime I may do a good article too.. Gregorydavid 15:17, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Good luck with it! And yes, I'm certainly keeping an eye on the article today... being on the front page attracts hordes of vandals, unfortunately. Cheers, — Johan the Ghost _seance 15:26, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

No mention of pacific / atlantic flora and fauna mix

I'd heard somewhere that there were ecological issues with the canal as ships were taking flora and fauna from one ocean to the other. Some of these were causing problems to the indigenous wildlife. seemywebpage 21:47, 23 February 2006 (GMT)

See [3] for some info on this. But that's a pretty widespread problem, with eg. zebra mussels being transported around the world in ballast tanks. — Johan the Ghost _seance 21:57, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Congratulations

To everyone who has contributed to this article — I think this is one of the best featured articles I've read in a while. The whole Panama Canal series, in fact, is fascinating and well-put-together. Bravo! —Cleared as filed. 00:01, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Commas

Tomyumgoong has been relentlessly purging commas from this article, in a way which I consider to be contrary to good style. He has also refused several invitations to discuss this in a constructive manner. Since he is still at it, I've decided to bring the discussion to this talk page.

You will find his changes, and my responses, together with my rationale for disputing his changes, in the discussion below (copied from my talk page).

first comma-hunt by User:Tomyumgoong

first message to User:Tomyumgoong

second comma-hunt by User:Tomyumgoong

second message to User:Tomyumgoong

Excessive commas do not make that line more readable. Look forward to my rectification of your overpunctuation shortly. Tomyumgoong 00:39, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

third message to User:Tomyumgoong

third comma-hunt by User:Tomyumgoong

The purpose of taking this here is to allow others to comment. If you have reasoned, constructive comments, preferably backed up with outside sources (as with my messages referenced above), this is the place. — Johan the Ghost _seance 11:20, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

The spelling has also been changed so that some words are US English, making the article a mix of the two styles. Can you please discuss these changes Tomyumgoong? The article should be consistent in style. Leithp 09:19, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Well, whatever it is, I must ask him to stop it. The following:

Although the concept of a canal in Panama dates back to the early 16th century, the first attempt to construct a canal began in 1880, under French leadership. Although this attempt collapsed, the work was finally completed by the United States; the canal opened in 1914. The building of the 77 kilometre (48 mi) canal was plagued by problems, including disease (particularly malaria and yellow fever) and massive landslides. As many as 27,500 workers are estimated to have died during construction of the canal.

Was changed to:

Although the concept of a canal in Panama dates back to the early 16th century, the first attempt to construct a canal began in 1880 under French leadership. Although this attempt collapsed the work was finally completed by the United States; the canal opened in 1914. The building of the 77 kilometre (48 mi) canal was plagued by problems, including disease (particularly malaria and yellow fever) and massive landslides. As many as 27,500 workers are estimated to have died during construction of the canal.

This completely changes the meaning of the paragraph. The first meaning states that the first attempt to construct a canal began in 1880 under French leadership. The second is an aside that states that the first attempt to construct a canal was made in 1880, it doesn't imply the French did this. The second commas shouldn't be there though. Actaully, Tomyumgoong was correct in the following paragraphs:

The Panama Canal connects the Gulf of Panama in the Pacific Ocean with the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Because of the S-shape of the Isthmus of Panama, the canal runs from south-east at the Pacific end to north-west at the Atlantic; to avoid confusion, the canal authorities classify transits of the canal as northbound (Pacific to Atlantic) and southbound (Atlantic to Pacific).

Comma should be removed after "to avoid confusion" and "Isthmus of Panaman". They are not asides.

"A canal tug, making its way down to the Caribbean end of the canal, waits to be joined by a ship in the uppermost chamber of the Gatun Locks."

The commas should be there, this is an aside.

Can't comment on the rest, that is a debate for comma Nazis. - Ta bu shi da yu 12:10, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for taking the time to look into this, and for contributing to the discussion in such a constructive way. I've removed those commas in "The Panama Canal connects ..." as per your suggestion. Thanks, — Johan the Ghost _seance 17:04, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Date inaccuracies

My gut has informed me that the canal was finished in 1941.

Your gut is wrong. Raul654 17:09, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Politically-charged language

This is ridiculous and should be removed, as there is no citation:

Some right-wing conservative American critics have charged that this opens the possibility of a People's Liberation Army occupation and takeover of the canal, or even staging an attack on the United States mainland from the Chinese-controlled facilities.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.131.33.196 (talk) 15:18, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

I think you might be talking about the same section I just moved. It's surely US-centric and possibly racist to suggest that Chineese control of the ports is an "issue" in the same league as water shortages and capacity limits. The day that the PLA marches from those ports into the Americas is the day that this becomes an "issue". Disregarding the military unfeasability of such an operation, there is no indication that it's even possible, let alone likely. It's a good piece of prose so it deserves to be included, but I just moved it to its (IMHO) rightful place in the History section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Happy-melon (talk • contribs) 12:20, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Something to Change

I think that you need to say how many ships pass through each year!!

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.130.199.244 (talk) 23:19, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

12,000 to 15,000 yearly.

Toll currency

What currency are the tolls given in — USD? Why isn't this made explicit? Njál 23:05, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Tolls are given in USD. USD is the legal tender in Panama. It should be specified Radioheadhst ^talk? 09:06, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

What about the locks?

I don't think the locks are explained properly in the article - or if they are I didn't find them in the right place - what are the locks for and how do they work and why do they need to be filled and drained of water and how many are there? Rfwoolf 16:46, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

They are basically like the locks on ordinary canals but rather bigger to allow ocean going ships through rather than just narrowboats. As with locks on any other canal they are filled and drained to raise and lower the ships going through.

Afaict locks are used on the panama canal for two reasons, firstly the sea level differs so without a lock somewhere you would get a massive current in the canal between the two seas, secondly by having locks at both ends they could reduce the ammount of digging required. Plugwash (talk) 15:29, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

Features

I've started a table of features, with coordinates. Please help to expand it. Thank you. Andy Mabbett 13:49, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Reduced overlinking

23-Aug-2007: I have unlinked "kilometer"/"mile"/"meter"/"feet" etc. Please unlink other common words or recent years. A featured article should not promote overlinking. Wikipedia stores wikilinked words in index files for "what links here" so don't overlink and fill those index files. Recall the maxim "Wikipedia is not a dictionary" (for example to find the meaning of "yacht"), and use that maxim as a guiding principle: don't link the obvious words, which someone could easily type & search. Try to link (long) unusual phrases, which people would not easily realize were article topics, such as "List of longest canals" or such. Anyone who doesn't know "km" could type & search those 2 letters. I guess "avoid overlinking" is not taught in Wikipedia school, if it existed. -Wikid77 03:58, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

...

who is the author of this —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.212.81.253 (talk) 12:47, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Kingdom of Scotland

There was no kingdom of Scotland in 1698, surely. The Kingdom of Great Britain was created in 1603 and thus, the kingdom of Scotland, rather than the nation, ceased to exist then, did it not? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.195.86.40 (talk) 01:57, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

No. The Kingdom of Scotland lasted until the Act of Union 1707. What happened in 1603 was that James VI of Scotland inherited the throne of England, becoming James I of England, while remaining James VI of Scotland. England and Scotland were two separate kingdoms, but which now shared the same king - just as at present the Queen of Britain is also the Queen of Australia. Wardog (talk) 09:48, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

Map

The first map is incorrect. It shows the Pacific Ocean to the East and the Atlantic to the West. Please correct. --felix meyer--—Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.75.192.70 (talk) 07:41, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Sorry, but the map is correct, as mentioned in the section Panama Canal#Layout: "Due to the local geography, the main direction of sailing is north-westward, whereas the global direction from Atlantic to Pacific is eastward." Thomprod (talk) 18:58, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

7 Wonders of the Industrial World

Has anyone seen the BBC2 TV series The Seven Wonders of the Industrial World ? A truly magnificent production with spectacular attention to detail. I highly, HIGHLY recommend it-- it dedicated an episode to the building of the Panama Canal. [4]

Proberton (talk) 14:15, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Thanks for the link. AdjustShift (talk) 09:04, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

The Panama Canal is a natural made canal in New York? Not!

I think that some something has gone desperately wrong on this page! Having just finished reading Panama Fever by Matthew Parker I was looking about on the internet for some additional information about the canal when I found that Wikipedia says that “The Panama Canal is a natural made canal in New York, New York which joins the China and European oceans. One of the largest places where the Jews like to swim”. All this seem very unlikely and even contains a bit of a grammar problem. Not being a regular Wikipedia contributor I am not clear on how to fix this change but I would suggest that the page be corrected as soon as possible. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.169.50.2 (talk) 23:19, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

This was just temporary vandalism of the article. The current text correctly states that the canal is located in Panama. --Thomprod (talk) 17:55, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

"Narrowing"

Here's a sentence from the article: "Given the strategic situation of Central America as a narrowing land dividing two great oceans, other forms of trade links were attempted over the years."

I have never heard the expression "a narrowing land" before. I think the correct words would be "a narrow land." Click on the links to see the Google hits.Ferrylodge (talk) 22:28, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Suggestions

• I think it would be extremely relevent to discuss the environmental impact of the canal on the surrounding area and beyond. The flooding of an entire forest to create Lake Gatun, for example or the number of dams that have been constructed to hold back the river. —Preceding unsigned comment added by HellMina (talk • contribs) 17:55, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

• Something should be said about the workers: I think that they were brought from across the world: Chinese, West Indian,... Some death rates would be very illustrative as well.

Please see History of the Panama Canal's talk page -- this is still an open issue, but for that article. Johantheghost 11:49, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

• • There is a new book out, by Julie Greene, which focuses on the labor behind the Canal. I've only just begun to read it, but can say of what I've read thus far that it's well researched, engaging, and timely. It's called The Canal Builders: Making America's Empire at the Panama Canal. --MaryBowser (talk) 15:14, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

• There were very few if any Chinese workers who constrcuted the Panama Canal from 1870-1914. Most of the labor force was either French, American or West Indian.

• The canal is sometimes considered to be the world's largest machine. Discuss...

• there should be more said about the united states, the expenditures, the mortality rates, etc.

I think this is now covered in History of the Panama Canal. Johantheghost 11:49, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

• "Panama has since managed the Canal, breaking all previous traffic, revenue and safety records year after year."

Is that right? What exactly is meant be that. --Clngre 00:45, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Now covered in this article. Johantheghost 11:49, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

• Wouldn´t a MAP of the canal be useful? This is tremendously silly, but if I didn´t know where the canal is the only map I could check would be a german antique.

Done. Johantheghost 11:49, 18 November 2005 (UTC)

• the picture below is very nice, isn´t it?

Ownership

Which country owns the Panama Canal? If the Americans and French completed it in 1914, do they still own it? I heard that it was transfered back to the Panamanians in the 1950s. This article seems void of that fact in the introduction.

As stated in the section Panama Canal#Later efforts, the Torrijos-Carter Treaties signed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter and Omar Torrijos of Panama on September 7, 1977 mobilized the process of granting the Panamanians free control of the Canal. Full Panamanian control was effective at noon on December 31, 1999. --Thomprod (talk) 17:53, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Stevens vs. Wallace

There seems to be some confusion about the periods during which John Stevens and John Wallace served as Chief Engineer (in the "Later Edits" section). I'd do some research and correct this, but I just don't have time right now - anyone else? Mark Shaw (talk) 01:03, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

Knoledge Master12

This realy helped me on my report! Thanx! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Knowledge master12 (talk • contribs) 22:05, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

Can we please have a map that explains why Pacific is East and Atlantic is West

Great article, but my brain hurts trying to visualize how we go SE->NW to get from the Pacific to the Atlantic. Can somebody add a wider-perspective map to show the whole region ? thanks. Rod. Rcbutcher (talk) 09:00, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

I've added a map that shows Panama's location between the Pacific & Caribbean Rcbutcher (talk) 10:58, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Magic Disney is not the highest toll paid

The article states that "The most expensive regular toll for canal passage to date was charged on May 16, 2008 to the 964-foot (295 m) Disney Magic cruise liner, which paid just over US$331,200.[20][21]" This information was rectified by the Panama Canal Authority, days after the original press release. Please see the following article at Panama-Guide, --Kiam-shim (talk) 01:43, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

Small craft maximum toll is not accurate

According the ACP's maritime tariffs, small crafts over 100 feet is $1,500. See this link. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kiam-shim (talk • contribs) 03:14, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

Coordinate error

{{geodata-check}} The coordinates need the following fixes:

This is not in the Panama Canal!

212.96.25.114 (talk) 16:27, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinates in article are okay. BrainMarble (talk) 21:21, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinate error

{{geodata-check}} The coordinates need the following fixes:

"Pedro Miguel Locks" have been placed somewhere in Mexico, and not in the Panama Canal!

212.96.25.114 (talk) 16:31, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinates in article are okay. BrainMarble (talk) 21:21, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinate error

{{geodata-check}} The coordinates need the following fixes:

... and this one moves you to Sandton in South Africa - very far from the Panama Canal 212.96.25.114 (talk) 16:42, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinates in article are okay. BrainMarble (talk) 21:21, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinate error

{{geodata-check}} The coordinates need the following fixes:

... and this one "Gamboa Reach" moves you to Sandton in South Africa - very far from the Panama Canal 212.96.25.114 (talk) 16:43, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinates in article are okay. BrainMarble (talk) 21:21, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinate error

{{geodata-check}} The coordinates need the following fixes:

Also Cucaracha Reach moves you away from the Panama Canal, and up to Cancún in Mexico ...! 212.96.25.114 (talk) 16:46, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Coordinates in article are okay. BrainMarble (talk) 21:21, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Updates from the Panama Canal Authority

Hi, I’m Mari and I’m with the International Communications Department at the Panama Canal Authority (ACP). I am here to assist with any information requests, proposals or factual clarifications specific to the Panama Canal that I can help resolve. I recently noticed some errors and outdated information in the article that require edits and included those below for consideration.

Panama Canal

1st paragraph, final sentence needs to be deleted and replaced with:

“In fiscal year 2009, 14,342 vessels passed through the waterway with a total 299.1 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2009/10/30/pr366.html

Later Efforts

3rd paragraph, first half regarding Philippe Bunau-Varilla needs to be deleted and replaced with:

“The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was negotiated by John Hay and the new republic’s “Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary” Philippe Bunau-Varilla. The new treaty was sent to Panama for ratification. The founders of Panama had little choice but to accede, as to refuse would have withdrawn all U.S. support from the fledgling republic and further dealings with Colombia. It was this arrangement that gave the United States the control it needed in this vastly underdeveloped country to get the monumental job of canal construction done. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was ratified in Panama on December 2, 1903, and in the United States on February 23, 1904; the U.S. also gave Panama a payment of $10 million upon ratification.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/history/index.html

Layout

5th bullet point regarding the measurement of the Gaillard (Culebra) Cut needs to be corrected:

“The Culebra Cut is 13.7 kilometers long and extends from Gatun Lake to the Pedro Miguel Locks through the Continental Divide, at an altitude of 26 meters.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/general/asi-es-el-canal.html

Tolls

2nd and 3rd paragraphs need to be deleted and updated with Fiscal Year 2009 information:

“For container ships, the toll is assessed per the ship’s capacity as expressed in twenty-foot equivalent units or TEUs. One TEU is the size of a container measuring 20 feet (6m) by 8 feet (2m) by 8.5 feet (2.6m). Effective May 1, 2009, this toll is US$72 per TEU. The toll is calculated differently for passenger ships and for container ships carrying no cargo (“in ballast”). A Panamax container ship may carry up to 4,400 TEUs.”

“As of fiscal year 2009, the toll per PC/UMS ton for the first 10,000 tons is US$3.90; per ton for the next 10,000 tons is US$3.82; and per ton thereafter is US$3.76. As with container ships, a reduced toll is charged for freight ships in ballast. In the case of vessels charged tolls based on their displacement, the Canal will assess tolls based on the maximum displacement instead of the arrival displacement. Small vessels up to 583 PC/UMS net tons when carrying passengers or cargo, or up to 735 PC/UMS tons when in ballast, or up to 1,048 fully loaded displacement tons, shall be assessed minimum tolls based on their length overall (according to the table).”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/maritime/tariff/1010-0000.pdf

Final sentence needs the following addition:

“In the case of passenger vessels, the ACP will assess tolls based on the maximum passenger capacity in accordance with the International Tonnage Certificate 69, or the vessel’s passenger ship safety certificate; vessels over 30,000 gross tons and whose PC/UMS ÷ maximum passenger capacity ratio is equal to or less than 33 will be charged on a per berth basis.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/maritime/tariff/1010-0000.pdf

The following paragraphs need to be added:

“Temporary Measures Designed to Help Canal Customers During Economic Crisis

Designed to help mitigate the impact of the economic crisis on the Canal's clients, the ACP implemented temporary measures that provide short-term cost reduction and greater flexibility to its Reservation System. The program was the result of consultations with customers and was introduced June 1, 2009 with an initial end-date of September 30. Upon request of its customers and the Round Table of International Shipping Associations, the ACP has agreed to extend the program until April 30, 2010.

The two primary components of the temporary measures are:

A redefinition of ballast (ships without passengers and cargo) for full container vessels transiting the Canal: the temporary redefinition of the ballast concept for full container vessels allows a ship that carries 30 percent or less of its capacity to be charged the ballast rate of $57.60 per TEU, $14.40 less than the $72 laden (ships with cargo) rate.

Modifications to the Reservation System to increase flexibility and reduce fees. As an example, the base reservation price for a super vessel, with a beam greater than or equal to 100 feet and a length greater than or equal to 900 feet, is $5,000 less per transit than the rate that was in effect last May.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2009/04/30/pr329.html

Efficiency and Maintenance

1st paragraph, last sentence regarding CWT needs to be updated:

“According to the ACP, CWT decreased 26.9 percent – from 31.55 to 23.06 hours in fiscal year 2009. This decline in CWT can be attributed to the ACP’s safe, reliable and efficient Canal operations.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2009/10/30/pr366.html

2nd paragraph needs to be deleted and replaced with:

“The official accident rate rose slightly from 1.09 accidents per 1,000 transits in FY 2008 to 1.53 accidents per 1,000 transits this fiscal year. An official accident is one in which a formal investigation is requested and conducted.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2009/10/30/pr366.html

3rd paragraph, 2nd, 3rd and 4th sentences need to be deleted and replaced with:

“Year-end (October 2008 – September 2009) statistics show a slight decline in total transits and tonnage compared to FY 2008. Total Canal transits experienced a marginal decline of 2.4 percent – from 14,702 to 14,342 transits. Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tonnage decreased 3.4 percent – from 309.6 million PC/UMS tons to 299.1 million PC/UMS tons.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2009/10/30/pr366.html

4th paragraph needs to be deleted and replaced with:

“Recent modernizations of the existing Canal, valued at US$320 million, include an improved lighting system in the Canal's locks; a new track and turntable system; the acquisition of five new tugboats; an additional tie-up station; and, the replacement and reconstruction of the ACP's launch fleet. According to the ACP, these latest improvements allow two additional transits per day and enhance the safety, reliability and efficiency of the Canal.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2009/05/29/pr335.html

Capacity

1st paragraph, 2nd sentence should end with:

“…as noted above, Canal traffic in 2009 consisted of 299.1 million tons of shipping.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2009/10/30/pr366.html

The last sentence of the 2nd paragraph should be deleted and replaced with:

“Expansion will build a new lane of traffic along the Panama Canal through the construction of a new set of locks, which will double tonnage capacity and allow the transit of much longer, wider ships.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/expansion/informes-de-avance/brochure-eng.pdf

Third set of locks project

4th paragraph, 2nd sentence needs to be updated:

“The project is designated to allow for the anticipated growth in traffic from 299.1 million

PC/UMS tons in 2009 to nearly 510 million PC/UMS tons in 2025…”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/expansion/informes-de-avance/brochure-eng.pdf

Final paragraph, 3rd sentence needs to be updated:

“…trench connecting the Gaillard Cut with the Pacific coast, removing…”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/expansion/informes-de-avance/brochure-eng.pdf

Building the new Canal

First paragraph needs to be deleted and replaced with:

“The Panama Canal Authority (ACP) announced July 15, 2009 that Consortium Grupo Unidos por el Canal will design and build the waterway's new set of locks, the most anticipated project of the Panama Canal Expansion Program.

Grupo Unidos por el Canal, composed of Sacyr Vallehermoso S.A., Impregilo S.p.A., Jan De Nul n.v. and Constructora Urbana, S.A., was one of three world-renowned consortia vying for the largest and most important contract under the Canal's expansion.

The ACP revealed that Grupo Unidos por el Canal submitted the "best value" proposal for the new set of locks contract during a public event held Wednesday, July 8. The event, broadcast live on Panamanian television and the ACP Web site, was attended by Panamanian President Ricardo Martinelli and many high-ranking government officials. Consortium Grupo Unidos por el Canal garnered the highest total points for its combined technical and price scores.

The base price of US $3,118,880,001.00 submitted by Grupo Unidos por el Canal did not exceed the ACP's owner's allocated price of US $3,481,000,000.00.

Following the "best value" determination, the Price Verification Board, an independent group of ACP employees not involved with the Technical Evaluation Board, ensured that the consortium's price proposal complied with the established requirements of the ACP. In addition, the ACP Contracting Officer confirmed the contractor's qualifications pursuant to the established ACP contracting regulations.

The ACP signed the contract for construction of the third set of locks with Grupo Unidos por el Canal. ACP Executive Manager and Locks Project Management Division and Contracting Officer Jorge de la Guardia issued the Notice to Commence and work officially began August 25, 2009. The canal authority signed the contract after receiving a $400 million performance bond and $50 million payment bond Aug. 11.”

Source: http://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2009/07/15/pr343.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by MBPanamaCanalAuthority (talk • contribs) 21:17, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Later Efforts

I might be reading this wrong, but twice in the span of a couple sentences, it reads that the canal opened in 1954, two years before 1916. I am unfamiliar with most of this history, so would someone want to clean up and correct that? Kjscotte34 (talk) 16:49, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

Done. Mark Shaw (talk) 19:47, 24 December 2009 (UTC)

Financial figures

What are the Authority's revenues? Profit? -- Beland (talk) 00:05, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

2010 closure due to rainfall and flooding

Re this edit: my summary got cut off. What I'd intended to write on point #2 was that the only part of the Centenario Bridge that has collapsed is an on-ramp. The bridge itself is apparently still sound. Mark Shaw (talk) 02:06, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

OK; I amended the wording appropriately. Feel free to refine the wording further... bobrayner (talk) 02:59, 13 December 2010 (UTC)

Looks good to me. I might do some copyediting at some point but otherwise it's fine. Mark Shaw (talk) 04:12, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

Gatun Lake Fishing trivia

This section goes off on a strange tangent about the wonders of bass fishing in the lake that has nothing to do with the canal as a work of transportation engineering. Shouldn't this anglers information be reduced to a single sentence? The fishing facts are already covered in the Gatun Lake article. Letterofmarque (talk) 16:03, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

it took 10 years to built the canal. thedore roosvelt built well actully his workers that were french they gave up later. it was a lot of miles. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.167.101.53 (talk) 22:33, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

Record Tolls

This diff corrects an erroneous claim about a record toll paid for Canal passage. The previous version made the claim for the Coral Princess, and a toll of $380,500, but this source puts the toll at "only" $226,000. It seems the Disney Magic toll is still the record. Mark Shaw (talk) 18:27, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

Layout

The following statement in the Layout section is wrong.

While the Pacific Ocean is west of the isthmus and the Atlantic to the east, the direction of the 8- to 10-hour canal passage from the Pacific to the Atlantic is from southeast to northwest.

The Pacific Ocean is SOUTH of Panama, while the Atlantic is NORTH. Costa Rica lies to West and Colombia to the East. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.189.46.180 (talk) 20:01, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

What about Spain?

From the lead: Ownership of the territory that is now the Panama Canal was first Colombian,... (emphasis mine) -- What about Spain's claim and control for Province of Tierra Firme (which included Panama). ~E 74.60.29.141 (talk) 05:24, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

I assume its referring to the fact that Colombia owned the land when work started. Hot Stop (Edits) 05:30, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

Ok. I clarified a bit; (feel free to re-clarify). ~E 74.60.29.141 (talk) 05:46, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

Looks fine to me. Hot Stop (Edits) 05:55, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

Time difference

... the Panama Canal shortcut made it possible for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in half the time previously required.

— I know nothing about this topic, but I have to think the time difference would in at least some cases be considerably greater than "half." Correct me if I'm wrong. Thanks. Sca (talk) 14:27, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

Isthmian Canal Commission

The Isthmian Canal Commission section is longer than the "Main article: Isthmian Canal Commission" -- it should be the other way around. ~E 74.60.29.141 (talk) 08:01, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

Height of Lake Gatun

In the first paragraph, it says: "There are locks at each end to lift ships up to Lake Gatun (85m above sea-level)...", but the diagram at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panama_Canal_Map_EN.png says 85ft, not 85m. 85m wouldn't make much sense as a subsequent sentence says: "The current locks are 33.5m although new larger ones are proposed."

Shall the "85m" be changed to "85ft" in the article, or should it be changed to "26m"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:470:8133:10:224:36FF:FEB1:1B81 (talk) 20:03, 27 October 2012 (UTC)

I went ahead and updated it to 26m. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:470:8133:10:224:36FF:FEB1:1B81 (talk) 20:30, 27 October 2012 (UTC)

Summarizing & moving text to main articles

The History and Isthmian Canal Commission sections each have main articles that are shorter than their ostensible summaries. Is there an objection to streamlining the History section and moving quality excess content to the main articles?—Matjamoe (talk) 01:29, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Good plan. Go ahead. -DePiep (talk) 11:20, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

Making Ice?

The section "U.S. Panama Canal construction, 1904–14" says, "In addition, the canal used large refrigeration systems for making ice." But it is not elaborated. Is it even true? Stephanwehner (talk) 04:07, 5 January 2013 (UTC)

I don't know, that was why I was already asking for a source. The Banner talk 05:47, 5 January 2013 (UTC)

Unsourced and not plausible wrt the construction process. Better throw it out. -DePiep (talk) 13:41, 5 January 2013 (UTC)

Standard measures and directions (imperial, North)

I have started this standard over the Panama Canal pages:

• Measurements: imperial first, metric to follow. So it is 10 feet (3.0 m).

After a first full mentioning of the unit, we can abbreviate: 10 ft (3.0 m)

sigfig in {{convert}} as applicable.

These were the original units of the current canal: inches not meters.

The PCA authority published most of its reports as: "10 feet (3.0 m)" too.

In general, we at WP should be consistent, even though this choice might be arbitrary.

• Directions: When free to choose, "North" is OK for the Atlantic port of Balbao and its bearing, as the authority uses it themselves. (Actually, the general direction in the channel to Balboa is more like NW). So is "South" for "Southeast". The authority writes: "Southbound ships" from Miraflores locks etcetera.
• When describing a route, we do North-to-South (Atlantic to Pacific). That is also the way a western (English language) reader sees a map: North is the upside, looking top-to-bottom. -DePiep (talk) 19:55, 25 November 2012 (UTC)

Considering that the Canal is not in the US, why would the USC units come first or why are they needed at all?

Why is the canal 82 km in the German Wikipedia and 77.1 in the English? It makes Wikipedia look even less credible when there is conflicting data? 68.105.199.216 (talk) 14:40, 28 April 2013 (UTC)

Culebra Cut not Gaillard Cut

This article heavily uses Gaillard Cut whereas the Culebra Cut article makes clear the name was reverted to the latter after the canal handover to Panama in 2000. – Conrad T. Pino (talk) 16:10, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

Rolling Road

Perhaps a rolling road concept with the ship supported at it's support locations,

like it would be in drydock

is preferable

NASA's Space Shuttles are moved over a large distance to the launch site

I think this is a fair comparision — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.120.65.78 (talk) 17:43, 19 December 2013 (UTC)

External links modified

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How much area of Panama was north and south of the Canal Zone?

I see the size of the Canal Zone, but what was the area north of the zone and south of the zone? --137.254.4.5 (talk) 15:00, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

'Panama Canal dispute and arbitration treaty'

Hi all, I'm reading through some British diplomatic documents from 1912-13 for a paper, and I keep finding references to a 'Panama Canal dispute and arbitration treaty.' 1913 in particular is full of them, probably more than half of all the documents so far. What is this? Should it be included in the article? Ed ^{[talk] [majestic titan]} 21:11, 3 April 2016 (UTC)

Ben Cullen Reference Valid?

I was checking references in the "Further Reading" section (looking for some books to read about a Panama Canal cruise coming up), and I tried looking up "Cullen, Ben. (2010). The Panama Canal and Me: A Panamax Special. ISBN 978-0-8212-7754-6". There's no hits on Google, and the ISBN number is invalid. Is this a real book? Can somebody verify this, or confirm that somebody stuck in a fake reference for some reason? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.210.14.1 (talk) 22:30, 4 March 2015 (UTC)

Answer

This book ISBN is not a valid ISBN number. There is probably a mistake of the ISBN number.(Minecraft Meola (talk) 23:00, 16 May 2016 (UTC))

Accidents and Incidents

I think this page would benefit also from a section on accidents and incidents? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sejtam (talk • contribs) 09:40, 9 May 2016 (UTC)

Who exactly does the famous palindrome A MAN, A PLAN, A CANAL—PANAMA refer to? Theodore Roosevelt? Doesn't this deserve a mention as popular culture? 98.14.15.215 (talk) 01:54, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified

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• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101216060538/http://www.newsroompanama.com/panama/2073-aftermath-of-panama-flooding-hits-transport-and-finances-rain-continues.html to http://www.newsroompanama.com/panama/2073-aftermath-of-panama-flooding-hits-transport-and-finances-rain-continues.html
• Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.pancanal.com/eng/noticiero/canal-faqs/physical/14.html
• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070206224605/http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/transportation/4212183.html to http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/transportation/4212183.html
• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100206005955/http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/transportation/4344444.html?page=1 to http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/transportation/4344444.html?page=1
• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150904012809/https://www.mediargus.be/flanderstoday.admin.en/rss/22548040.html?via=rss&language=en to http://www.mediargus.be/flanderstoday.admin.en/rss/22548040.html?via=rss&language=en
• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150614144853/https://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2015/06/11/pr550.html to https://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2015/06/11/pr550.html
• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150702191025/https://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2015/06/22/pr551.html to https://www.pancanal.com/eng/pr/press-releases/2015/06/22/pr551.html

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External links modified

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I have just modified 4 external links on Panama Canal. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:

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• Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140911113315/http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2014/09/09/5160891/sc-international-trade-conference.html to http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2014/09/09/5160891/sc-international-trade-conference.html

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Recent developments

Hi everyone! I would like to add a recent development section as 1.8 under the history section, as I feel that there is a lot of big things happening with the Panama Canal that isn't relevant to the other sections. If no one disagrees, I will make the edit. I just wanted to post here first! Shelbyhoward423 (talk) 01:10, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

future expansion ?

it is here any plans to rebuild old lock to wider ones (with water saving basins) ? or to build new ones ? since shiping trends clerly show that new panamax is desired with demand for old panamax ships hitting ground, meaning at some point in future no ship in use will be able to pass old locks (or at least in significiant numbers).

2A00:1028:9198:E50E:C0FE:B67C:3CBA:20AB (talk) 13:06, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Discrepancies?

While reading the article, there is a discrepancy to be noted. In the article itself, it states that the SS Cristobal was the first to make the transit through the Panama Canal on August 3 1914, but the picture states that it is the SS Ancon on August 15 1914. Further research may need to be done to solidify which is the true first. Gladdisiator (talk) 20:27, 2 June 2021 (UTC)Gladdisiator