Terbium, 65Tb
Terbium
Pronunciation/ˈtɜːrbiəm/ (TUR-bee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Tb)
Terbium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
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Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
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Tb

Bk
gadoliniumterbiumdysprosium
Atomic number (Z)65
Groupf-block groups (no number)
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f9 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1629 K ​(1356 °C, ​2473 °F)
Boiling point3396 K ​(3123 °C, ​5653 °F)
Density (at 20° C)8.229 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)7.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion10.15 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization391 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity28.91 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1789 1979 (2201) (2505) (2913) (3491)
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +3
0,[4] +1,[5] +2,? +4[6]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.2 (?)
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 565.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2114 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 177 pm
Covalent radius194±5 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of terbium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for terbium
a = 360.56 pm
c = 569.66 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansionat r.t. poly: 10.3 µm/(m⋅K)
Thermal conductivity11.1 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivityα, poly: 1.150 µΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic at 300 K
Molar magnetic susceptibility+146000×10−6 cm3/mol (273 K)[7]
Young's modulus55.7 GPa
Shear modulus22.1 GPa
Bulk modulus38.7 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod2620 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio0.261
Vickers hardness450–865 MPa
Brinell hardness675–1200 MPa
CAS Number7440-27-9
History
Namingafter Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined
Discovery and first isolationCarl Gustaf Mosander (1843)
Isotopes of terbium
Main isotopes[8] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
157Tb synth 71 y ε 157Gd
158Tb synth 180 y ε 158Gd
β 158Dy
159Tb 100% stable
 Category: Terbium
| references
Tb · Terbium
Gd ←

ibox Gd

iso
65
Tb  [e]
IB-Tb [e]
IBisos [e]
→ Dy

ibox Dy

indexes by PT (page)
child table, as reused in {IB-Tb}
Main isotopes of terbium
Main isotopes[8] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
157Tb synth 71 y ε 157Gd
158Tb synth 180 y ε 158Gd
β 158Dy
159Tb 100% stable
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (46) · (this table: )

References

  1. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Terbium". CIAAW. 2021.
  2. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ^ a b Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  4. ^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  5. ^ La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB8 clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9. PMC 8578558. PMID 34753931.
  6. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  7. ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  8. ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.