Welcome to my userpage. I became a Wikipedian on 22 August 2006; However, I have been contributing to Wikipedia since 18 February, 2006. Recently, I have begun "punching up" stubs in Wikiproject Chemicals.


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St Oswald's Church, Winwick
St Oswald's Church, Winwick

The Battle of Winwick was fought on 19 August 1648 between a Scottish Royalist army and a Parliamentarian army during the Second English Civil War. The Scottish army invaded north-west England and was attacked and defeated at Preston on 17 August. The surviving Royalists fled south, closely pursued. Two days later, hungry, cold, soaking wet, exhausted and short of dry powder, they turned to fight at Winwick. Parliamentarian infantry launched a full-scale assault which resulted in more than three hours of furious but indecisive close-quarters fighting. The Parliamentarians fell back, pinned the Scots in place with their cavalry and sent their infantry on a circuitous flank march. When the Scots saw this force appear on their right flank they broke and fled. Parliamentarian cavalry pursued, killing many. The surviving Scottish infantry surrendered either at Winwick church (pictured) or in nearby Warrington; their cavalry on 24 August at Uttoxeter. Winwick was the last battle of the war. (Full article...)

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Edward I of England
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Dusky seaside sparrow
The dusky seaside sparrow (Ammospiza maritima nigrescens) was a non-migratory subspecies of the seaside sparrow, found in Florida in the natural salt marshes of Merritt Island and along the St. Johns River. Discovered in 1872 by Charles Johnson Maynard, it was distinguished from other seaside sparrows by its dark coloration and distinct song. From the 1940s onwards, the dusky seaside sparrow population declined and eventually went extinct. This was the result of human activity in the area including pesticides and flooding applied to reduce mosquito populations, industrial expansion, and highway construction. The last definite known individual died on Discovery Island in Walt Disney World in 1987, and the species was declared extinct in 1990.Photograph credit: P. W. Sykes, United States Fish and Wildlife Service


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  • “The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.” — Isaac Asimov
  • “When I read about the way in which library funds are being cut and cut, I can only think that American society has found one more way to destroy itself.” — Isaac Asimov
  • “John Dalton's records, carefully preserved for a century, were destroyed during the World War II bombing of Manchester. It is not only the living who are killed in war.” — Isaac Asimov
  • “Courage is not the lack of fear. It is acting in spite of it.” — Mark Twain
  • “The more you know, the more you realise that you know nothing.” — Socrates
  • “The important thing is not to stop questioning.” — Albert Einstein
  • “We must respect other religions even as we respect our own. Mere tolerance thereof is not enough.” — Gandhi
  • “The wisest mind has something yet to learn.” — George Santayana

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