Tangshan (Chinese: 唐山; pinyin: Tángshān) is a largely industrial prefecture-level city in northeastern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It has become known for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake which measured 7.8 on the Richter scale and killed at least 255,000 residents. The city has since been rebuilt and has become the economy center of Hebei provice and a tourist attraction. The city of Tangshan is approximately 149 kilometers, 92 miles or 80 nautical miles east by south east of the countries capital city of Beijing. It takes roughly 2 hours by road to get from Tangshan to Beijing. Tangshan's prefecture population was 7.42 million at the 2012 census, with 3.09 million urban popluation.
Tangshan 唐山 Prefecture-level city 唐山市 Font at Tangshan, Hebei - Mobile World.jpg Nickname(s): Phoenix City Location of Tangshan City jurisdiction in Hebei Location of Tangshan City jurisdiction in Hebei Tangshan is located in Hebei
Tangshan Location of the city centre in Hebei Coordinates: 39°36′N 118°10′ECoordinates: 39°36′N 118°10′E Country People's Republic of China Province Hebei Government
• Party Secretary Jiang Deguo (姜德果) • Mayor Chen Xuejun (陈学军)
Area
• Prefecture-level city 17,040 km2 (6,580 sq mi) • Water 3,568 km2 (1,378 sq mi) • Urban 3,596 km2 (1,388 sq mi)
Population (2012)
• Prefecture-level city 7,417,800 • Density 440/km2 (1,200/sq mi) • Urban 3,080,800 • Urban density 880/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code 063000
Area code(s) 315
GDP ¥586.163 billion (2012)
GDP per capita ¥76,000 (2012)
License Plate Prefix 冀B
Website tangshan.gov.cn
Contents [hide] 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Early history 2.2 Ming and Qing period 2.3 People's Republic 2.4 1976 Tangshan Earthquake 3 Geography and climate 4 Economy 4.1 Pillar industries 4.2 Industrial zone 5 Demographics 6 Administration 7 Education 7.1 Universities and colleges 7.2 High Schools 8 Culture 8.1 Traditional Arts 8.2 Tourism 9 Transport 9.1 Rail 9.2 Roads 9.3 Airport 9.4 Port 10 Notable people 11 See also 12 References 12.1 Notes 13 External links
Etymology
editTangshan is named after Dacheng Mountain (which is also named Mountain Tang[Tangshan in Chinese]) in the middle of Tangshan city.
In A.D. 645, Li Shimin-emperor of Tang Dynasty and his army stationed at Dacheng Mountain on his way back from Korean Peninsula. Unfortunately, Caofei, his beloved concubine, died here. In order to commemorate his Caofei, he named the mountain with the name of the state—Tang. Later, the name of the mountain became the name of the city.
History
editEarly history
editTangshan is a place with a long history, where there were ancient humans living as early as 4,000 years ago. Tangshan was in the territory of Guzhu Kingdom (1600 B.C.) in the time of the Shang Dynasty; and then became a part of Yan Kingdom (one of the seven Warring States, 403 B.C−221 B.C.), and in the Han Dynasty was included to Youzhou. It was under the jurisdiction of Yongping Province and Zunhua State successively in the Qing Dynasty.
Ming and Qing period
editTangshan used to be a village in the Tang Dynasty and developed to certain extent (majorly in agriculture, oil exploitation and ceramics) in the Ming Dynasty.
With the development of “Westernization Movement” in late Qing Dynasty, Kaiping Mining Administration was established in the third year of Guangxu (the year of 1877). In 1878, Qiaotun town was established at Tangshan and was renamed as Tangshan Town in 1889. In 1938, Tangshan City was formally founded. The system of Tangshan in the Republic of China in 1912 still followed the system of Qing Dynasty. In 1929, Zhili Province changed its name to Hebei Province. On January 28, 1939, for Tangshan's special position in economy and politics, Eastern-Hebei Anti-communist Government established Tangshan City which was initially called “Tangshan Municipal Government” and later changed to “Tangshan Municipal Office”. After the Japan's announcement of surrender, the Party of Chinese Nationalists in Peking (now called Beijing) took over the political power of Tangshan from Japan and set up Administration Inspector Office. In April 1946, it was decided on the 132nd Meeting of CPC Hebei Provincial Committee to set up Tangshan City and on May 5 of the same year, Tangshan Municipal government was founded.
People's Republic
editAfter the establishment of P.R. China on October 1, 1949, Tangshan remained a provincially administered municipality with 12 areas under its jurisdiction. In March 1955, it was decided on the 2nd session of the first People's Congress of Tangshan City to change Tangshan Municipal people's government to Tangshan people's committee without changing its administration areas.
On April 28, 1958, the State Council approved to set Tangshan prefecture. On August 29, 1958, it was decided on the Seventh Session of the first People's Congress of Hebei Province to move Tangshan Commissioner Office from Changli County to Tangshan city.
On June 3, 1959, the CPC Central Committee decided to designate Tangshan city as one of the 45 cities open to the world. On June 8, 1959, CPC Hebei Provincial Committee and Hebei Provincial People's Congress decided to combine Tangshan Commissioner Office and Tangshan People's Committee to set up Tangshan People's Committee. On April 2, 1960, the State Council officially approved to cancel Tangshan prefecture. Qinhuangdao city, Qian'an, Changli, Laoting, Baodi, Yutian, Jixian County and Zunhua which were formerly administrated by Tangshan Prefecture were incorporated into Tangshan Municipality. Luanxian County, Fengrun County (used to be a district) and Baigezhuang Farm were also incorporated into Tangshan Municipality after the cancellation of Tangshan prefecture. Meanwhile, Tangshan turned to be a provincially administered municipality.
On May 23, 1961, the State Council approved to reset up Tangshan prefecture. On June 1, 1961, the 14th Meeting of Hebei Provincial People's Committee adopted the decision of resetting up Tangshan prefecture. Tangshan prefecture and Tangshan municipality were separated again and Tangshan turned to be a specially administered municipality.
On January 6, 1968, Tangshan Municipal Revolutionary Committee affiliated to Revolutionary Committee of Tangshan Region was set up. On March 11, 1978, Tangshan turned to be a provincially administered municipality.
In October 1982, it was decided on the Seventh People's Congress of Tangshan city to cancel Tangshan Municipal Revolutionary Committee and set up Tangshan Municipal People's government.
On March 3, 1983, the State Council approved to cancel Tangshan prefecture and implement city-governing-county system. On May 13, 1983, Hebei Provincial People's government announced to cancel Civic Administration office of Tangshan region, which stopped its business later on May 15, 1983.
On December 15, 1984, the State Council approved Tangshan city as one of the 13 national “comparatively big” cities.
1976 Tangshan Earthquake
editTangshan suffered an earthquake of moment magnitude 7.8 (7.5 from official report) at 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976, the Tangshan earthquake, which resulted in many casualties. The official death toll was 255,000, but many experts believe that the actual number of fatalities was two to three times that number, making it the most destructive earthquake in modern history. As a result of the earthquake, most of the town had to be rebuilt.
Geography and climate
editTangshan is located in the central section of the Bohai Economic Rim, facing the Bohai Sea to the south. Lying on the North China Plain, Tangshan is adjacent to the Yan Mountains to the north, borders the Luan River and Qinhuangdao to the east, and to the west adjoins with Beijing and Tianjin. Because of its location in the northeast of Hebei, it is a strategic area and a corridor linking two China's north and northeast regions. The largest river in the prefecture is the Luan River.
Tangshan has a monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with cold and very dry winters, and hot, rainy summers. Spring and autumn are short with some rainfall. The monthly 24-hour average temperature in January is −5.1 °C (22.8 °F), and 25.7 °C (78.3 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 11.5 °C (52.7 °F). Close to 60% of the annual precipitation of 610 millimetres (24.0 in)* falls in July and August alone. The frost-free period lasts 180−190 days, and the area receives 2,600−2,900 hours of sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Tangshan (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
29.1 (84.4) |
30.2 (86.4) |
29.4 (84.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
3.0 (37.4) |
17.3 (63.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.2 (13.6) |
−7 (19) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−7 (19) |
6.4 (43.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4.3 (0.17) |
4.4 (0.17) |
9.6 (0.38) |
21.3 (0.84) |
42.7 (1.68) |
86.6 (3.41) |
192.8 (7.59) |
162.5 (6.40) |
48.2 (1.90) |
23.5 (0.93) |
9.9 (0.39) |
4.5 (0.18) |
610.3 (24.04) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 9.0 | 12.9 | 10.7 | 6.4 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 68.2 |
| Source: Weather China | |||||||||||||
Economy
editTangshan is an important heavy industrial city in North China. Its output include machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals, textiles, glass, petroleum products, and cement. It has been a coal-mining center since late Qing Dynasty, as Guangdong merchant Tong King-sing opened the first coal mine using modern techniques in Kaiping in 1877.[1] Since the construction of the Caofeidian Project, it has hosted large iron and steel plants, chemical projects, and electricity plants. Tangshan is also called the "porcelain capital of North China."[citation needed]
Modern industry in China first arose in Tangshan. The second railway in China – after the abortive Woosung Railway in Shanghai – was the six-mile track laid between Hsukochuang and Tangshan which opened in 1881;[2] this eventually grew into the Imperial Railroad of North China and China's modern Jingshan and Jingha Railways. The first fire-resistant material manufactory and the first and largest cement manufactory were constructed in Tangshan as well.
In 2008, the GDP of Tangshan was ¥356.119 billion, ranked No. 1 among all the prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province, and No. 19 in China. GDP per capita reached ¥48,190 ($6,817).[citation needed]
Tangshan’s GDP in 2011 reached 544.2billion RMB, up 11.7% over the same period of last year. The overall fiscal revenue reached 55.5 billion RMB, among which the general budget revenue reached 25.56 billion RMB, up 26.6% and 30.5% respectively. The per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents reached 21785RMB and 9460RMB respectively, an increase of 11.4% and 13.8%, leading the first in Hebei Province.
Tangshan's GDP in 2012 is 586.2 billion RMB, up 10.4% over the same period of last year. It is leading the first in Hebei Province. The GDP per capital is 76,000 RMB, up 9.7% over the same period of last year. The total export-import volume of 2012 is 10.482 billion US dollar, down 3.5% over the same period of last year. Over the year 2012 the total fiscal revenue reached 62.3 billion RMB, this data increased 12.3% over last year.
Pillar industries
editCoal industry, Iron and Steel industry, Ceramic Manufacturing, Equipment manufacturing industry, Comprehensive Chemical industry, Modern times Logistics, The high-tech industry, Leisure industry, Electric power industry, New material industry, Agriculture.
Industrial zone
edit- Caofeidian New Zone
- Fengnan coastal Industry Zone
- Laoting New Zone(industry zone)
- Luhan New Zone(industry zone)
Demographics
edit![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2011) |
Administration
editThe prefecture-level city of Tangshan administers 14 county-level divisions including 7 districts, 5 counties and 2 county-level cities.
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Lubei District | 路北区 | Lùběi Qū | 620,000 | 113 | 5,487 |
| 2 | Lunan District | 路南区 | Lùnán Qū | 240,000 | 65 | 3,692 |
| 3 | Guye District | 古冶区 | Gǔyě Qū | 360,000 | 263 | 1,369 |
| 4 | Kaiping District | 开平区 | Kāipíng Qū | 330,000 | 253 | 1,304 |
| 5 | Fengrun District | 丰润区 | Fēngrùn Qū | 890,000 | 1,334 | 667 |
| 6 | Fengnan District | 丰南区 | Fēngnán Qū | 520,000 | 1,568 | 332 |
| 14 | Caofeidian District | 曹妃甸区 | Cáofēidiān Qū | 140,000 | 700 | 200 |
| Total | Built up area | 3,100,000 | 4,296 | 721 | ||
| 7 | Zunhua City | 遵化市 | Zūnhuà Shì | 690,000 | 1,521 | 454 |
| 8 | Qian'an City | 迁安市 | Qiān'ān Shì | 680,000 | 1,208 | 563 |
| 9 | Luan County | 滦县 | Luán Xiàn | 540,000 | 999 | 541 |
| 10 | Luannan County | 滦南县 | Luánnán Xiàn | 570,000 | 1,270 | 449 |
| 11 | Laoting County | 乐亭县 | Làotíng Xiàn [3] | 490,000 | 1,308 | 375 |
| 12 | Qianxi County | 迁西县 | Qiānxī Xiàn | 360,000 | 1,439 | 250 |
| 13 | Yutian County | 玉田县 | Yùtián Xiàn | 660,000 | 1,165 | 567 |
Education
editUniversities and colleges
edit- Hebei United University (founded 1895),used name Hebei Polytechnic University.
This university is a a comprehensive university contains engineering faculty, arts and science faculty, management faculty and medicine faculty. It is merge red by Hebei Polytechnic University and North China Coal Medical University and change name to Hebei United University. Address: No.46 Xinhuan West Street, Lunan District, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063009
- Qinggong College (founded 2000), it is an independent college of Hebei United University.
Address: No.11 Daxue West Street, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063000
- Jitang College (founded 2001), it is an independent collage of Hebei United University.
Address: No.29 Zhengtai Street, Fengnan District, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063300
- Tangshan College (founded 1956), it is an engineering college under provincial government.
Address: No.9 Daxue West Street, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code: 063000
- Tangshan Normal University (founded 1956), It is a school that train high school graduates to be teachers. This school is under provincial government.
Address: No.156 Jianshe North Road, Lubei District, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063000
High Schools
edit- Tangshan NO.1 High school (founded 1902), one of the most famous high schools in China, and the best high school in this city.
Address: No.369 Xiangyun Street, Lubei District, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063004
- Tangshan No.2 High school (founded 1945), one of famous high school in Hebei province. Just like No.1 High school, this school is also a key high school in Tangshan.
Address: No.2 Youyi Road, Lunan District, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063000
- Hebei Tangshan Foreign Language School (founded 1956), used name: Tangshan No.8 High school, this school focus on send the student to foreign university to study. The school has GAC center, a kind of foreign course, for student to study English, and abroad course. The school also have another languages courses, such as French, German. Every year, this school sent about 50 to 60 students to study in aboard university.
Address: No.189 Beixin West Street, Lubei District, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063004
- Tangshan Kailuan No.1 High school (founded 1927), this school is one of key high school in this city.
Address: No.19 Beixin East Street, Lubei District, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063002
- Tangshan Kailuan No.2 High School (founded 1947), this school is one of key high school in this city.
Address: No.25 Guofang West Street, Lunan District, Tangshan, Hebei, Post code:063099
Culture
editTraditional Arts
edit- Pingju (评剧)
- Tangshan Shadow Play (唐山皮影)
- Laoting Drums (乐亭大鼓)
Tourism
edit
- Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty
- Jingzhong Mountain, a religious shrine for the believers of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism
- The Anti-seismic Monument, located in Anti-Seismic Square
- Tangshan South-lake Park, Tangshan South-lake park locates in the south of Tangshan, just 1 km from downtown.
In the history, South-lake area is a coal mine, long time past, it the coal mine become Coal mining subsidence area. This area effect the whole city's environment seriously. From the year 2006, Tangshan's government began to build South-lake park. After 3-years' build, on May 1st 2009, this park open to public. The coal mining subsidence area become the new wetland park. South-lake is about 30 Square kilometers, the water area is about 200 Ha, the wetland is about 143 Ha,and the green land is about 148 Ha. This park really become a good place for people leisure and health. In year 2013, Tangshan South-lake park become one of 5A (the highest level of tourism) tourism areas of China. On May 1st 2016, Tangshan will set up the International Garden Festival in South-lake park. The International Garden Festival will be held 5 month, from 1st May to 1st October. Welcome to Tangshan!
Transport
editRail
edit- Beijing–Harbin Railway
- Tianjin–Shanhaiguan High-speed Railway
- Tangshan Railway Station
- Tangshan North Railway Station
Roads
edit- China National Highway G102, in the south of Fengrun District
- China National Highway G112, ring road encircling Beijing, traversing the west side of Tangshan's urban area
- China National Highway G205, which runs along the eastern and southern front of the urban area
- G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway, on the northern side of the urban area
- G25 Changchun–Shenzhen Expressway, on the western side of the urban area
Airport
edit- Tangshan Sannühe Airport,(IATA: TVS, ICAO: ZBTS)
This airport is located at Sannühe village Fengrun District, 20km from downtown. The airport belongs to civil-military airport,so there is only 3 air route serving to Tangshan.
*Hainan Airlines Tangshan--Guangzhou *Shanghai Airlines Tangshan--Shanghai-Pudong *Chunqiu Airlines Tangshan--Shijiazhuang
In Tangshan more people prefer to choose Beijing Capital International Airport(190km) or Tianjin Binhai International Airport(114km) to take flight. We can regard both of these two airport are also serving Tangshan city. And there is daily bus from Tangshan to those two airports.
Port
edit- Tangshan Port, Tangshan port is an artificial deep-water seaport in Southeast coast of Tangshan. Tangshan port separate into three port areas, Jingtang port area, Caofeidian port area, and fengnan port area. In 2012, the Port handling capacity of Tangshan Port reached 3.64 million tons, increased 16.8% as the same time as last year. Tangshan Port is the growing fastest port in the world. 3.64 million tons also make Tangshan Port become the tenth port in the world.
Notable people
edit- Li Dazhao early founder of Communist Party of China
- Jiang Wen a contemporary director and actor
- Jiang Wu Jiang Wen's brother, also an actor
- Cao Xueqin author of Dream of the Red Chamber
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ Ellsworth C.Carlson, The Kaiping Mines, 1877-1912 2d ed (Cambridge, MA: East Asian Research Center, Harvard University, 1971.
- ^ Huenemann, Ralph Wm. Harvard East Asian Monographs, No. 109. The Dragon and the Iron Horse: the Economics of Railroads in China, 1876−1937, p. 254. Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1984. ISBN 0-674-21535-4. Accessed 12 October 2011.
- ^ "网站首页-乐亭县人民政府网" (in Simplified Chinese). Laoting County People's Government. Retrieved 2011-02-22.
External links
edit
Bohai Economic Rim Region | ||
|---|---|---|
List of major cities and ports in the BER region | ||
| Municipalities |  | |
| Hebei Province | ||
| Liaoning Province | ||
| Shandong Province | ||
Category:Tangshan Category:Cities in Hebei Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Hebei