User:Watti Renew/Sandbox/Energy by country: OPEC and Middle East

User:Watti Renew Sandbox

1) Watti Renew/Sandbox |
2) Sandbox/World energy resources and consumption |
3) Sandbox/Electricity sector by country |
4) Sandbox/Energy by country: Europe |
5) Sandbox/Energy by country: OPEC and Middle East
6) Sandbox/Energy by country (other) |
7) Sandbox/Solar
8) Sandbox/Population

Top 10 oil producers: According to IEA top 10 countries produced over 63 % of the world oil production in 2011. Top countries were (Mt): 1) Saudi Arabia 517 (12.9 %), 2) Russia 510 (12.7 %), 3) United States 346 (8.6 %), 4) Iran 215 (5.4 %), 5) China 203 (5.1 %), 6) Canada 169 (4.2 %), 7) United Arab Emirates 149 (3.7 %), 8) Venezuela 148 (3.7 %), 9) Mexico 144 (3.6 %), 10) Nigeria 139 (3.5 %), Rest of the world 1 471 (36.6 %), World 4 011 (100 %).^[1]

Top 10 gas producers: According to IEA natural gas production was 3,149 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2008 and 3,388 bcm in 2011. Top ten producers in 2011 were (66.7 % of total) (bcm): 1) Russia 677 (20.0 %), 2) United States 651 (19.2 %), 3) Canada 160 (4.7 %), 4) Qatar 151 (4.5 %), 5) Iran 149 (4.4 %), 6) Norway 106 (3.1 %), 7) China 103 (3.0 %), 8) Saudi Arabia 92 (2.7 %), 9) Indonesia 92 (2.7 %), 10) Netherlands 81 (2.4 %) and World 3 388 (100 %).^[1]

note x=2012, ok=2010

These symbols are for private use. x = calculations are checked for 2012 data.

Energy in the Middle East

Demographics of the Middle East

Primary energy in the Middle East 2008^[2]
#		TWh	Capita	Capita growth 2004-08	TWh/million
1	Iran	2,350	71.96	7.4 %	33
2	Saudi Arabia	1,879	24.65	2.9 %	76
3	Turkey	1,146	71.08	-1.0 %	16
4	Egypt	822	81.53	12.2 %	10
5	United Arab Emirates	680	4.48	3.7 %	152
6	Iraq	395	28.22	11.2 %	14
7	Kuwait	306	2.73	11.0 %	112
8	Qatar	281	1.28	64.1 %	219
9	Israel	256	17.31	7.5 %	15
10	Syria	229	21,23	14.3 %	11
11	Oman	191	2.79	10.3 %	69
12	Bahrain	107	0.77	6.9 %	139
13	Yemen	87	23.05	13.4 %	4
14	Jordan	82	5.91	8.6 %	14
15	Lebanon	61	4.14	16.9 %	15
16	Cyprus	30	0.80	-3.6 %	38
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. Prim. energy includes energy losses

Energy export from the Middle East in 2010 ^[2]
#		TWh	%
1	Saudi Arabia	4,551	37.2%
2	Qatar	1,748	14.3%
3	Iran	1,574	12.9%
4	Kuwait	1,159	9.5%
5	United Arab Emirates	1,129	9.2%
6	Iraq	1,017	8.3%
7	Oman	617	5.0%
8	Egypt	164	1.3%
9	Yemen	139	1.1%
10	Bahrain	79	0.6%
11	Syria	51	0.4%
Total: Middle East		12,228	100%

Prim energy and population

Primary energy in the Middle East 2008 & 2010^[2]^[3]
#		TWh		Capita	Capita growth %	TWh/million
#		2008	2010	2010	2004-10	2008	2010
1	Iran	2,350	2,423	73.97	10.4%	33	33
2	Saudi Arabia	1,879	1,969	27.45	14.6	76	72
3	Turkey	1,146	1,223	72.85	1.5%	16	17
4	Egypt	822	852	81.12	11.7%	10 %	11
5	United Arab Emirates	680	723	7.51	73.8%	152	96
6	Iraq	395	440	32.32	27.3%	14	14
7	Kuwait	306	388	2.74	11.4%	112	142
8	Qatar	281	262	1.76	126%	219	149
9	Israel	256	266	7.62	12.1%	35	35
10	Syria	229	253	20.45	10.1%	11	12
11	Oman	191	233	2.78	9.9%	69	84
12	Bahrain	107	114	1.26	75.0%	139	90
13	Yemen	87	83	24.05	18.3%	4	4
14	Jordan	82	84	6.05	11.2%	14	14
15	Lebanon	61	75	4.23	19.5%	15	18
16	Cyprus	30	28	0.80	-3.6%	38	36
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. Prim. energy includes energy losses

Energy in Turkey x

Energy in Turkey^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Import	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	71.79	952	280	677	127	209
2007	73.90	1163	317	881	163	265
2008	71.08	1146	337	843	171	264
2009	71.90	1,136	352	817	165	256
2012	73.95	1,308	373	932	198	286
Change 2004-2009	0.2 %	19.2 %	25.6 %	20.7 %	30.2 %	22.4 %
Change 2004-2008	-1.0 %	20.3 %	20.2 %	24.6 %	34.6 %	25.8 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses

Energy in Oman ok

Energy in Oman^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	2.53	138	676	549	9.72	25.26
2007	2.60	180	689	484	12.22	35.85
2008	2.79	191	738	497	13.63	34.92
2009	2.85	175	782	593	15.52	38.95
2010	2.78	233	839	617	16.51	40.27
2012	2.85	294	855	576	19.03	63.48
2012R	3.31	306	881	589	21.61	67.63
2013	3.63	283	880	584	23.37	57.92
Change 2004-10	9.9 %	69.1 %	24.2 %	12.4 %	69.9 %	59.4 %
Change 2004-09	12.6 %	27.3 %	15.7 %	8.0 %	59.7 %	54.2 %
Change 2004-08	10.3 %	39.0 %	9.3 %	-9.6 %	40.2 %	38.2 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

Energy in Lebanon ok

Energy in Lebanon^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Import	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	3.54	63	3	60	8.85	15.29
2007	4.10	46	2	46	8.97	11.35
2008	4.14	61	2	61	9.51	15.23
2009	4.22	77	2	78	13.14	19.33
2010
Change 2004-09	19 %	23 %	-26 %	29 %	48 %	26 %
Change 2004-08	16.9 %	-3.0 %	-17.4 %	1.0 %	7.5 %	-0.4 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.

Energy in Jordan ok

Energy in Jordan^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Import	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	5.44	76	3	74	8.57	16.70
2007	5.72	84	3	85	11.18	19.17
2008	5.91	82	3	83	12.13	18.42
2009	5.95	87	3	87	12.5	19.20
2010
Change 2004-09	9.4 %	14.3 %	0 %	17.7 %	46 %	15.0 %
Change 2004-08	8.6 %	8.3 %	-3.4 %	12.6 %	41.5 %	10.3 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.

Energy in Yemen ok

Energy in Yemen^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	20.33	74	240	153	3.36	17.26
2007	22.38	84	192	102	4.50	20.55
2008	23.05	87	177	92	5.04	21.93
2009	23.58	88	177	93	5.11	22.18
2010	24.05	83	230	139	5.98	21.65
2012R	23.85	80.5	176	94	4.23	19.97
2013	24.41	96.2	212	114	6.31	23.92
Change 2004-10	18.3 %	12.6 %	-4.1 %	-9.1 %	78.0 %	25.4 %
Change 2004-09	16.0 %	18.7 %	-26.2 %	-39.3 %	52.1 %	28.5 %
Change 2004-08	13.4 %	17.4 %	-26.0 %	-40.0 %	50.0 %	27.1 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses. 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

Yemen population has increased 16.0 % in five years 2004-2009. According to OECD/World Bank population growth was in Yemen was over 3 million in 5 years.

Energy in Bahrain ok

Energy in Bahrain^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	0.72	87	184	101	7.77	16.95
2007	0.75	102	198	94	10.75	21.26
2008	0.77	107	203	79	10.19	22.30
2009	0.79	110	204	65	10.78	22.82
2010	1.26	114	206	79	12.38	23.62
2012R	1.32	147	230	77	23.20	28.81
2013	1.33	160	256	92	24.58	28.30
Change 2004-10	75.0 %	30.6 %	11.9 %	-21.8 %	59.3 %	39.4 %
Change 2004-09	9.7 %	26.4 %	10.8 %	-36 %	39 %	35 %
Change 2004-08	6.9 %	23.2 %	10.3 %	-22.3 %	31.1 %	31.6 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

Energy in Egypt ok

Energy in Egypt^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	72.64	662	752	71	88	141
2007	75.47	782	957	153	111	169
2008	81.51	822	1,018	180	116	174
2009	83.00	837	1,026	174	123	175
2010	81.12	852	1,028	164	130.44	177.6
2012R	80.72	910	954	42	146	197
2013	82.06	902	963	46	149	184
Change 2004-10	11.7 %	28.8 %	36.7 %	129.4 %	47.7 %	26.4 %
Change 2004-09	14.3 %	27 %	36 %	145 %	40 %	25 %
Change 2004-08	12.2 %	24 %	35 %	153 %	32 %	24 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

Egypt population has increased 14.3 % in five years 2004-09(OECD/World Bank). Population growth is over 10 millions in 5 years. Energy production was in 2009 36 % more than in 2004.

Energy in Syria ok

Energy in Syria^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	18.58	214	343	129	24.5	47.8
2007	19.89	228	283	52	29.5	53.7
2008	21.23	229	273	43	31.3	54.4
2009	21.09	262	274	33	31.3	59.8
2010	20.45	253	322	51	38.96	57.76
2012R	22.40	175	157	24.2	26.2	40.1
2013	22.85	150	88	68.3	21.8	33.5
Change 2004-10	10.1 %	17.8 %	-6.3 %	-60.5 %	59.2 %	20.9 %
Change 2004-09	13.5 %	22.0 %	-20.1 %	-74.6 %	27.9 %	25.2 %
Change 2004-08	14.3 %	6.8 %	-20.5 %	-66.5 %	27.9 %	13.9 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

Energy in the OPEC countries

OPEC

Numbers refer to production order (TWh in 2009). Ecuador and Angola are still missing from the list.

Energy production in the OPEC countries in 2009 (TWh): 1) Saudi Arabia 6,145 2) Iran 4,068 3) Nigeria 2,660 4) Venezuela 2,367 5) United Arab Emirates 1,963 6) Algeria 1,885 7 Qatar 1,628 8) Kuwait 1,515 9) Iraq 1,391 10) Libya 1,013 Angola x Ecuador x

Primary energy in the OPEC countries (IEA)^[2]
	TWh	capita	Capita growth 2004-2008	TWh/million
Iran	2,350	71.96	7.4 %	33
Saudi Arabia	1,879	24.65	2.9 %	76
Nigeria	1,293	151.32	17.6 %	9
Venezuela	745	27.94	6.9 %	27
UAE	680	4.48	3.7 %	152
Algeria	431	34.36	6.2 %	13
Iraq	395	28.22	11.2 %	14
Kuwait	306	2.73	11.0 %	112
Qatar	281	1.28	64.1 %	220
Libya	212	6.28	9.4 %	34
Angola	128	18.02	16.3 %	7
Ecuador	120	13.48	3.4 %	9
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses

Energy per capita: primary energy TWh per million people in 2008: Qatar 220, United Arab Emirates 152, Kuwait 112, Saudi Arabia 76, Libya 34, Iran 33, Venezuela 27, Algeria 13, Iraq 14, Nigeria 9, Ecuador 9 and Angola 7.

Population growth in four years between 2004-08was Qatar 64 %, Nigeria 18 %, Angola 16 % and Kuwait and Iraq 11 %.

1) Energy in Saudi Arabia x

United Arab Emirates was the seventh top carbon dioxide emitter per capita in the world in 2009: 40.31 tonnes per capita.^[5] All emissions from building and cement production are local but some people may argue that some United Arab Emirates produced fuels and/or goods are consumed abroad.^[6]

Saudi Arabia was the 15th top carbon dioxide emitter per capita in the world in 2009: 18.56 tonnes per capita.^[5] All emissions from building and cement production are local but some people may argue that some United Arab Emirates produced fuels and/or goods are consumed abroad.^[6]

Energy in Saudi Arabia^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	24.0	1,633	6,469	4,811	148	324
2007	24.2	1,748	6,412	4,606	175	358
2008	24.7	1,879	6,734	4,796	187	389
2009	25.4	1,836	6,145	4,324	199	410
2010	27.45	1,969	6,258	4,551	219	446
2012	28.08	2,176	6,998	4,700	227	457
2012R	28.29	2,329	7,269	4,949	248	459
2013	28.83	2,235	7,146	4,882	264	472
Change 2004-10	14.6 %	20.6 %	-3.3 %	-5.4 %	48 %	37 %
Change 2004-09	6.0 %	12.4 %	-5.0 %	-10.1 %	34.5 %	26.3 %
Change 2004-08	2.9 %	15.1 %	4.1 %	-0.3 %	26.1 %	20.1 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

2) Energy in Iran x

Energy in Iran^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	67.0	1,696	3,233	1,530	137	369
2007	71.0	2,151	3,757	1,602	165	466
2008	72.0	2,350	3,801	1,429	174	505
2009	72.9	2,514	4,068	1,537	168	533
2010	73.97	2,423	4,060	1,574	196	509
2012	74.80	2,467	4,113	1,614	200	521
2012R	76.42	2,554	3,523	961	210	532
2013	77.45	2,656	3,477	649	224	526
Change 2004-10	10.4 %	42.9 %	25.6 %	2.9 %	43.0 %	37.8 %
Change 2004-09	8.8 %	48.2 %	25.8 %	0.4 %	22.4 %	44.4 %
Change 2004-08	7.5 %	38.5 %	17.6 %	-6.6 %	27.0 %	36.9 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

3) Energy in Nigeria x

Energy in Nigeria^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	128.7	1,151	2,668	1,508	13.4	47.6
2007	148.0	1,241	2,695	1,445	20.3	51.4
2008	151.3	1,293	2,638	1,343	19.1	52.4
2009	154.7	1,259	2,660	1,419	18.6	41.2
2010	158.42	1,315	3,005	1,691	21.62	45.90
2012	162.47	1,376	2,988	1,607	24.45	52.85
2012R	168.83	1,555	3,160	1,625	26.2	64.6
2013	174.00	1,554	2,973	1,415	24.5	61.0
Change 2004-10	23.1 %	14.2 %	12.6 %	12.1 %	61.1 %	-3.6 %
Change 2004-09	20.2 %	9.4 %	-0.3 %	-5.9 %	38.7 %	-13.4 %
Change 2004-08	17.6 %	12.3 %	-1.2 %	-11.0 %	42.5 %	10.0 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh . Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

4) Energy in Venezuela x

Energy in Venezuela^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	26.1	653	2,280	1,623	72.1	128
2007	27.5	741	2,138	1,381	84.6	144
2008	27.9	745	2,102	1,340	85.9	146
2009	28.4	778	2,367	1,503	89.5	155
2010	28.83	895	2,241	1,353	94.77	183.04
2012	29.28	816	2,335	1,506	97.73	159.22
2012R	29,96	888	2,318	1,405	101.88	178.28
2013	30.41	800	2,235	1,405	98.25	155.57
Change 2004-10	10.3 %	37.0 %	-1,7 %	-16,6 %	31.4 %	42.6 %
Change 2004-09	8.6 %	19.1 %	3.8 %	-7.4 %	24.0 %	20.4 %
Change 2004-08	6.9 %	14.1 %	-7.8 %	-17.4 %	19.1 %	13.5 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

5) Energy in the United Arab Emirates x

Energy in United Arab Emirates^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	4.32	510	1,907	1,273	49.0	103
2007	4.37	601	2,074	1,267	70.5	131
2008	4.48	680	2,100	1,196	75.8	147
2009	4.60	693	1,963	1,084	79.5	147
2010	7.51	723	2,050	1,129	83.0	154
2012	7.89	769	2,211	1,246	83.8	166
2012R	9.21	785	2,260	1,252	93,7	171
2013	9.35	809	2,345	1,316	98,6	168
Change 2004-10	73.8 %	41.8 %	7.5 %	11.3 %	69.5 %	49.4 %
Change 2004-09	6.5 %	36.0 %	2.9 %	-14.8 %	62.5 %	42.6 %
Change 2004-08	3.7 %	33.4 %	10.1 %	-6.0 %	54.8 %	42.5 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

5) Energy in Qatar x

Qatar was the third top carbon dioxide emitter per capita in the world in 2009: 79.82 tonnes per capita.^[5] All emissions from building and cement production are local but some people may argue that some Qatar produced fuels and goods are consumed abroad.^[6]

Energy in Qatar^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	0.78	210	883	667	12.3	38.6
2007	0.84	258	1,198	930	14.7	48.5
2008	1.28	281	1,452	1,161	20.1	53.9
2009	1.41	277	1,628	1,338	23.0	56.5
2010	1.76	262	2,025	1,748	26.4	66.1
2012	1.87	387	2,457	2,043	30.1	71.4
2012R	2.05	441	2,563	2,103	32.6	75.8
2013	2.17	467	2,605	2,109	32.5	72.4
Change 2004-10	126 %	25 %	129 %	162 %	114 %	71 %
Change 2004-09	81 %	32 %	84 %	101 %	87 %	47 %
Change 2004-08	64.1 %	33.6 %	64.4 %	73.9 %	63.1 %	39.8 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

6) Energy in Algeria x

Energy in Algeria^[7]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	32.4	383	1,927	1,539	26.3	77.8
2007	33.9	429	1,911	1,482	30.6	85.7
2008	34.4	431	1,885	1,439	32.9	88.1
2009	34.9	462	1,771	1,299	33.9	92.5
2010	35.47	470	1,751	1,268	36.4	98.6
2012	35.98	487	1,696	1,201	41.2	103,9
2012R	38.48	539	1,672	1,131	46.3	114.4
2013	39.21	553	1,601	1,037	48.8	113.9
Change 2004-10	9.6 %	22.7 %	-9.2 %	-17.6 %	38.5 %	26.6 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

7) Energy in Kuwait x

Energy in Kuwait^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	2.46	292	1,544	1,246	36.8	64.9
2007	2.66	293	1,705	1,398	43.1	66.8
2008	2.73	306	1,777	1,452	45.7	69.5
2009	2.80	351	1,515	1,146	46.6	80.7
2010	2.74	388	1,558	1,159	50.1	87.4
2012	2.82	378	1,795	1,401	50.38	84.74
2012R	3.25	403	2,015	1,591	53.8	91.3
2013	3.37	408	1,983	1,559	53.6	84.1
Change 2004-10	11.4 %	33.0 %	0.9 %	-6.9 %	36.3 %	34.8 %
Change 2004-09	13.8 %	20.1 %	-1.9 %	-8.0 %	26.7 %	24.5 %
Change 2004-08	11.0 %	4.7 %	15.1 %	16.5 %	24.2 %	7.2 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

8) Energy in Iraq x

Energy in Iraq^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	25.4	346	1,203	851	31.6	81.2
2007	27.5	385	1,219	824	32.3	91.5
2008	28.2	395	1,369	966	35.8	97.4
2009	29.0	374	1,391	1,009	33.2	98.8
2010	32.32	440	1,466	1,017	37.9	104.5
2012	32.96	468	1,652	1,172	42.6	108.3
2012R	32.58	524	1,804	1,275	48.3	119.0
2013	33.42	582	1,833	1,249	60.7	137.9
Change 2004-10	27.3 %	27.1 %	21.9 %	19.5 %	20.0 %	28.7 %
Change 2004-09	14.1 %	8.1 %	15.7 %	18.5 %	5.2 %	21.6 %
Change 2004-08	11.2 %	14.3 %	13.8 %	13.5 %	13.2 %	19.9 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

9) Energy in Libya x

Energy in Libya^[4]
	Capita	Prim. energy	Production	Export	Electricity	CO₂-emission
	Million	TWh	TWh	TWh	TWh	Mt
2004	5.74	212	993	780	14,46	43,51
2007	6.16	207	1,181	971	23,88	43,13
2008	6.28	212	1,206	991	24,61	44,85
2009	6.42	237	1,013	772	26.12	50.05
2010	6.36	223	1,030	803	27.14	51.61
2012	6.42	155	360	203	23.96	34.89
2012R	6.16	199	1,009	803	29.58	44.20
2013	6.20	198	718	515	24.58	43.23
Change 2004-10	10.8 %	5.3 %	3.7 %	2.9 %	87.7 %	18.6 %
Change 2004-09	11.8 %	12.2 %	2.1 %	-1.0 %	80.6 %	15.0 %
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

^ ^a ^b Key world statistics 2012 IEA
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2012
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
^ ^a ^b ^c World carbon dioxide emissions data by country: China speeds ahead of the rest Guardian 31 January 2011
^ ^a ^b ^c Which nations are most responsible for climate change? Guardian 21 April 2011
^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015, 2014 (2012R as in November 2015 + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15

[IEA2012-1] Key world statistics 2012 IEA

[IEA2010-2] IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48

[3] IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2012

[IEA2013-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15

[Guardianlist-5] World carbon dioxide emissions data by country: China speeds ahead of the rest Guardian 31 January 2011

[Guardian2010-6] Which nations are most responsible for climate change? Guardian 21 April 2011

[IEA2015-7] IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015, 2014 (2012R as in November 2015 + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]