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The primary law governing nationality of the Republic of Ireland is the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956, which came into force on 17 July 1956. All persons born in the Republic before 1 January 2005 are automatically citizens by birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents. Individuals born in the country since that date receive Irish citizenship at birth if at least one of their parents is an Irish citizen or entitled to be one, a British citizen, a resident with no time limit of stay in either the Republic or Northern Ireland, or a resident who has been domiciled on the island of Ireland for at least three of the preceding four years. Persons born in Northern Ireland are usually entitled to – but not automatically granted – Irish citizenship, largely under the same terms. Foreign nationals may become citizens by naturalisation after meeting a minimum residence requirement, usually five years. The president of Ireland may also grant honorary citizenship, which entails the same rights and duties as normal citizenship, although this is rare. (Full article...)

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Malagasy woman wearing masonjoany

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... that as part of his 2014 reelection campaign, Indonesian legislator Eriko Sotarduga provided free haircuts and motorcycle repairs?

In the news

Wildfire damage to Lahaina

In Sudan, approximately 1,000 bodies are discovered in mass graves after the Battle of Geneina.
Wildfires in Hawaii kill more than 110 people and destroy much of Lahaina (damage pictured) on the island of Maui.
Ecuadorian presidential candidate Fernando Villavicencio is assassinated in Quito, eleven days before the general election.
The Hazara Express train derails in Sindh, Pakistan, killing 30 people.

On this day

August 20

Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory

1707 – The first Siege of Pensacola came to an end with the British and Creek abandoning their attempt to capture Pensacola in Spanish Florida.
1910 – Hurricane-force winds combined hundreds of small fires in the U.S. states of Washington and Idaho into the Devil's Broom fire, which burned about 4,700 square miles (12,100 km²), the largest fire in recorded U.S. history.
1920 – The American Professional Football Association, a predecessor of the National Football League, was founded.
1998 – The Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory (pictured) in Sudan was destroyed by a missile attack launched by the United States in retaliation for the August 7 U.S. embassy bombings.
2008 – Spanair Flight 5022 crashed just after take-off from Madrid's Barajas Airport, killing 154 people.

Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (d. 1651)
Phil Lynott (b. 1949)
Andrew Garfield (b. 1983)
Narendra Dabholkar (d. 2013)

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The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. The SI unit of viscosity is the pascal-second. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional force between adjacent layers of fluid that are in relative motion. For instance, when a viscous fluid is forced through a tube, it flows more quickly near the tube's axis than near its walls. This fluid animation shows a simulation of two fluids with different viscosities being poured into identical containers. The blue liquid on the left has a lower viscosity than the orange liquid on the right.

Animation credit: Gvbox

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