Wikipedia

List of hot springs

(Redirected from Hot springs around the world)

There are hot springs on all continents and in many countries around the world. Countries that are renowned for their hot springs include Turkey, Honduras, Canada, Chile, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Bulgaria, Japan, Taiwan, New Zealand, India, Romania, Fiji, and the United States, but there are interesting and unique hot springs in many other places as well.

Africa

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Algeria

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Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Egypt

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Eswatini

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There are thirteen developed and undeveloped hot spring pools in Eswatini. All are sulphur springs with temperatures ranging from 26 °C to 52 °C.[2]

  • Ezulwini spring
  • Fairview spring
  • Lobamba spring
  • Madubula spring
  • Mawelawela spring
  • Mbekelweni spring
  • Mbikwakhe hot spring
  • Mbondela spring
  • Mkoba spring
  • Mpopoma spring
  • Mvuntshini spring
  • Ngwempisi spring
  • Siphofaneni spring

Ethiopia

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Dallol Hot Spring
 
Dallol Volcano - lake with hot springs
 
hot springs pool at Sodere, Ethiopia

Morocco

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Nigeria

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Rwanda

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South Africa

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Tanzania

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Kikuletwa (Chemka) Hot Springs

At least 15 geothermal areas exist in Tanzania.[4]

  • Kikuletwa Hot Springs, also known as Maji Moto, and as Chemka Hot Springs, in the Kilimanjaro region, 40 km from Moshi

Tunisia

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Uganda

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Zambia

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Zimbabwe

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Americas

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Brazil

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Canada

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Alberta

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British Columbia

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Northwest Territories

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Yukon

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Chile

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Hot spring geyser vent surrounded by yellow rocks in the El Tatio geothermal field, Chile

There are more than 275 hot springs registered in Chile.

Colombia

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  • Aguas Termales El Raizón, Norte de Santander
  • Termales Agua Hirviendo, Puracé, Cauca
  • Termales Aguas Calientes, vía al Llano, Cundinamarca
  • Termales Cascada Zetaquira, Boyaca
  • Termales de Iza, Boyaca
  • Termales de Las Juntas, Ibague, Tolima
  • Termales de Machetá, Cundinamarca
  • Termales de Paipa, Boyaca
  • Termales de San Vicente, Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda
  • Termales de Santa Mónica, Choachi, Cundinamarca
  • Termales de Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda
  • Termales de Tenjo, Cundinamarca
  • Termales del Nevado del Ruiz, Manizales
  • Termales del Otoño, Manizales, Caldas
  • Termales del Zipa, Tabio, Cundinamarca
  • Termales El Escondite, Samaná, Caldas
  • Termales Tambujina, La Cruz, Narino

Costa Rica

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Dominican Republic

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Ecuador

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Hydrothermal baths in Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador

El Salvador

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Greenland

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There are numerous hot springs in Greenland:

Guatemala

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Mexico

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Peru

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Hot springs in the region of Ayacucho

United States

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Main article: List of hot springs in the United States
 
Hot Spring in Lassen Volcanic National Park
 
USA geothermal springs

Alaska

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Arizona

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Arkansas

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California

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Bridgeport, California Springs

Colorado

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Main article: List of hot springs in Colorado
 
Pagosa Hot Spring, Colorado

Florida

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Georgia

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Idaho

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Illinois

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Massachusetts

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Montana

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Nevada

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New Mexico

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New York

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North Carolina

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Oregon

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Hot Lake Hotel built in 1906 in Hot Lake, Oregon. The resort became a worldwide attraction for its geothermal mineral waters.

South Dakota

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Texas

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Utah

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Virginia

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Washington

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West Virginia

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Wyoming

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A list of 1661 hot springs can be found on the NOAA Thermal Springs List for the United States.[12] The same list with added notes and links can be found on the USA Hotsprings Database.[13]

Uruguay

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Venezuela

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Antarctica

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Asia

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Bhutan

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Main article: List of hot springs and mineral springs of Bhutan

China

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India

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A young Hindu priest performing religious rituals at Taptapani hot spring in India

Assam

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Bihar

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Gujarat

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Geological Survey of India has found 17 hot springs in Gujarat:[19]

Haryana

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  • Sohna hot spring, Sohna, Gurgaon, 56 kilometres (35 mi) from Delhi

Himachal Pradesh

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Hot springs at Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh
 
Hot springs near Manali, 2020

Jammu & Kashmir

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  • Tatapani, Barmandal Kalakot Rajouri

Jharkhand

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Karnataka

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Ladakh

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Madhya Pradesh

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  • Babeha, Mandla-Jabalpur Road (now submerged under catchment water of Bargi Dam on river Narmada)
  • Chavalpani, near Pachmarhi

Maharashtra

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Odisha

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Sikkim

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  • Sikkim has many hot springs, including:
    • Borang
    • Phurchachu (Reshi)
    • Ralang
    • Taram-chu
    • Yumey Samdong
    • Yumthang

All these hot springs have a high sulfur content and are located near the river banks. The average temperature of the water in these hot springs is 50 °C (122 °F).

West Bengal

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Indonesia

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Bali

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  • Banyuwedang (Gerokgak, Buleleng)
  • Yeh Panes Panetahan (Tabanan Regency)

Java

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Lesser Sunda Islands

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Maluku Islands

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Sumatra

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  • Danau Linting (Hot Spring Lake about 8000 m2 near tiga juhar village), Deli Serdang, North Sumatra
  • Dolok Tinggi Raja white crater, Simalungun District, North Sumatra; dubbed mini Pamukkale or mini Yellowstone
  • Gemuhak, Muara Anip Regency, South Sumatra
  • Ie Seum (Aceh Language: Hot Water), near Port Malayahati Krueng Raya, Aceh Besar, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
  • Sei Batang Serangan Hot Spring (at Ekowisata Tangkahan), Langkat, North Sumatra
  • Sei Wampu Hot Spring (White Water Hot Spring at Wampu River near Marike Estate of PTPN II), Langkat, North Sumatra
  • Hot Semurup, Air Hangat Subdistrict, Kerinci
  • Sibayak Hot Spring (at Lau Debuk-Debuk Village), Karo District, North Sumatra
  • Tarutung Hot Spring (many Hot Spring Like Hutabarat, Sipaholon), North Tapanuli, North Sumatra

Iran

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Israel

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Hamat Gader

Japan

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Main article: List of hot springs in Japan
 
Izu Province, The Hot Springs of the Shuzen Temple woodcut by Utagawa Hiroshige

Being located in the "Pacific Ring of Fire", Japan is in a volcanic region, and is home to many hot springs. The onsen (a Japanese word for "hot spring") plays a notable role in Japanese culture.

In March 2003 it was reported that there were 3,102 spa resorts in 2,292 municipalities in Japan. There were also 15,400 lodging facilities with 6,740 public hot spring baths. About 138 million people a year visit these facilities.[23]

Noted hot springs areas in Japan

Disputed territory between Japan and Russia:

Jordan

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South Korea

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Kyrgyzstan

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Malaysia

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Gadek Hot Spring in Malacca

Various hot springs, all nonvolcanic. They include the following.

Johor

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  • Grisek, 10 km from Parit Jawa, Muar district
  • Labis

Kedah

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  • Air hangat, Langkawi

Malacca

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Negeri Sembilan

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  • Chengkau Hot Spring
  • Pedas Hot Spring

Pahang

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  • Bentong
  • Gunung Tapis, Sungai Lembing

Perak

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  • Ayer Panas, Grik
  • Kampung Ulu Slim (Slim River)
  • Lost World of Tambun - Hot Springs & Spa
  • Mangong, Kuala Kangsar
  • Pengkalan Hulu
  • Sg Klah, developed commercially

Sabah

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  • Poring hot springs, Kinabalu National Park

Sarawak

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  • Annah Rais Hot Springs, Padawan
  • Kampung Panchor Dayak, Padawan
  • Paku Hotspring, Bau

Selangor

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  • Kalumpang, south of Tanjung Malim, north of Kerling
  • Kerling, near Batang Kali
  • Selayang, 15 km north of Kuala Lumpur
  • Ulu Tamu, near Tanjung Malim

Terengganu

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  • LA hot spring, Besut

Nepal

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  • Bhulbhule Khar, Tanahu district
  • Bhurung, Do Khola, Singha, Chhumrung and Dhadkharka, Myagdi district
  • Chame and La Ta, Manang district
  • Dhanachauri (Luma) and Tila river, Jumla
  • Hotiyana, Sankhuwasabha, Koshi zone, eastern Nepal
  • Jomsom and Dhima, Mustang
  • Riar, Saghu Khola, Sarai Khola, middle development region of Nepal
  • Srikaar, Sina and Chamlaiya, Darchula
  • Syabrubesi and Chilime, Rasuwa, north of Kathmandu
  • Tapoban, Bajhang district

Oman

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Athawarah Hot Spring

Pakistan

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Philippines

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  • Mainit Hot Spring
  • Mambukal Mountain Resort, hot soda and sulfur springs slightly above 30 °C
  • Puning Hot Spring, in Sitio Puning, Barangay Inararo, Municipality of Porac, Pampanga Province; accessed through Sitio Target, Barangay Sapang Bato, Angeles City

Singapore

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Sri Lanka

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About 10 thermal springs have been identified in Sri Lanka.[24]

  • Embilinne
  • Kanniya hot water spring
  • Kapurella
  • Kivulegama
  • Maha-oya
  • Maha-pelessa
  • Marangala
  • Mutugalwela
  • Nelumwewa/Galwewa
  • Rankihiriya

Taiwan

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Main article: Hot springs in Taiwan
 
Yangmingshan hot springs in Taiwan

Thailand

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  • Ban Huay Zai Kao Hot Spring
  • Ban Pong Krathing Hot Spring (Ban Bueng Hot Spring)
  • Bo Khloung Hot Stream
  • Jae Son hot spring
  • Khlong Thom hot stream (hot spring)
  • Muang Paeng hot spring
  • Pa Bong hot spring
  • Pong Krathing Hot Spring
  • Rung Arun hot spring
  • Thai Prachan Hot Spring
  • Wieng Pa Pao hot spring
  • Krabi hot spring (Nuae Khlong)

Tibet Autonomous Region

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Vietnam

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There are over 280 hot springs in Vietnam.[25]

Europe

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Albania

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  • Banjat e Bënjës, near Petran

Belgium

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Bulgaria

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Czech Republic

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Georgia

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Germany

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  • Aachen, 74 degrees C, 165 degrees F
  • Bad Oeynhausen, 36 degrees C, 97 degrees F, with a depth of 725 m and 3000 L/min, largest carbonated brine water source in the world[26]
  • Wiesbaden, 66 degrees C, 151 degrees F

Greece

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Spring Region Temperature °C
max. (min.) 		Type of mineral spring[27] Alleged therapeutic properties[28]
Agiasmata spring Chios 57.5 Endocrine and musculoskeletal system, degenerative arthritis, rheumatisms, spondyloarthritis, lumbago, sciatica, ankylosis, gynecological ailments, vasculopathies, tendonitis etc.
Agios Fokas Kos 46 (45) Balneotherapy for ailments of the musculoskeletal and integumentary system
Agistro[29] Serres 39 (34) Hydrotherapy for rheumatism
Apollonas Thermon Saline Spring Ikaria 47.8 Radioactive
Asclepius Saline Spring Ikaria 40 Radioactive super warm spring
Edipsos Evia 80 (57) Saline water spring Chronic rheumatisms, degenerative arthritis, spondyloarthritis, neuritis, sciatica, lumbago, post trauma ankylosis and deformations, gynecological ailments
Eftalou Lesvos 46 (43) Hydrotherapy for chronic rheumatisms, arthritis, sciatica, lumbago, neuralgia, lymphatism, kidney grains, cholelithiasis, gynecological ailments, chest ailments, myositis, chronic degenerative arthritis, injuries, post surgery phase for hemorrhoids, paradontopathia, leucorrhea, skin ailments
Eleftheron thermal spa Kavala Alkaline saline water spring
Genisaia (Potamia) Xanthi 70 (55) Chronic rheumatisms, gynecological ailments, neuralgia, neuritis, allergic skin ailments
Kaiafas Ilia 33.5 (32) H2S saline water spring Rheumatisms, autoimmune ailments, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis of the hip and knee, fibromyalgia, skin ailments
 
The spa facility in Kaiafas
Kalymnos Kalymnos 38.1 Arthritis, rheumatisms, sciatica, lumbago
Kamena Vourla Fthiotida 42 (30) Radioactive saline water spring Balneotherapy for ailments of the musculoskeletal and integumentary system
Kimolos Kimolos 46
Kolpou Geras Lesvos 39.7 Rheumatisms, arthritis, neurological ailments, chronic injuries
Kyllini Ilia H2S saline water
Kythnos Kyklades 38–52 Chalybeate acid water spring Chronic and subacute rheumatisms, gynecological ailments, arthritis, neuralgia, skin ailments, cervical syndrome, lumbago- sciatica etc. syndromes, chronic gout
Agioi Anargyroi saline spring: 38 °C; Kakavos ferrous spring:52 °C
Lagadas[30] Thessaloniki 39 Akratothermi Balneotherapy for rheumatism, arthritis, gynecological disorders, skin diseases, kidney diseases
Lakkos Adamanta Kyklades (Milos) 38 Chronic rheumatisms, arthritis, gynecological ailments, neuralgia, neuritis
Lefkada's Thermo Saline Spring Ikaria 58
Loutraki Korinthia 30 Slightly warm – saline water, hypotonic Hydrotherapy for chronic rheumatisms, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthrite, sciatica, infections of the skin, allergic skin ailments, psoriasis, eczema
Mandraki Nisyros 48 Rheumatisms, arthritis, gynecological ailments, ailments of the circulatory system
Methana Attiki Sulphurous brine water spring, warm
Nea Apollonia Thessaloniki 57 (38) Balneotherapy for rheumatism, arthritis, peripheral nerve disorders, gynecological disorders, fractures, sprains[28]
Nigrita's Thermes Serres 56 (25) Alkaline carbonated water spring Balneotherapy for arthritis, rheumatisms, skin ailments, gynecological ailments. Mineral water drinking therapy for ailments of the gastrointestinal system.
Palia Kameni hot springs Kyklades (Santorini)
Paranesti Thermia Drama 54
Platystomo Fthiotida 32 Alkaline sulphurous spring Hydrotherapy for rheumatisms, arthritis, skin ailments, gynecological ailments
Polichnitos Lesvos 92 (67) Rheumatisms, arthritis, sciatica, gynecological ailments, neuritis, skin ailments
Pozar Spa[31] Pella 37 Balneotherapy for rheumatism, arthritis, peripheral nerve disorders, gynecological and skin diseases, sprains, fractures
Psarotherma Samothraki 100 Rheumatoid arthritis, chronic rheumatisms, gynecological ailments, peripheral vasculopathies, secondary skin ailments, obesity
Sedes Thessaloniki 38 (32) Rheumatisms, arthritis, ailments of the peripheral nerves, skin ailments, post trauma conditions, gynecological ailments
Sidirokastro Serres 55 (43.7) Rheumatisms, spondylitis, spilled disc, neuralgia, myalgia, sciatica, joint ailments, gynecological ailments
Smokovo Karditsa 42 Alkaline sulphurous spring Chronic rheumatisms, arthritis, ailments of the respiratory system, ailments of the digestive system, skin ailments, endocrine failures, gynecological ailments
Spilaio Ikarias Ikaria 54
Therma Lemnou[32] Lemnos 43 (39) Hydrotherapy for rheumatisms, arthropathy, arthritis, osteoporosis, spondyloarthritis, kidney stones, cholelithiasis
Thermopylae spring Fthiotida 40 H2S saline water spring, warm Rheumatisms, gynecological ailments and ailments of the peripheral nerves
Traianoupoli Evros 52 (51) Balneotherapy for ailments of the integumentary system and the musculoskeletal system, as well as for rheumatisms and autoimmune diseases
Vouliagmeni Attiki Saline water spring, hypertonic
Ypati Baths Fthiotida 32 H2S saline water spring Ailments and syndromes of the vessels, arterial hypertension, ailments of the heart and the skin, chronic ailments of the nervous system

Hungary

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Lake Hévíz

Iceland

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Deildartunguhver, Iceland: the highest flow hot spring in Europe
 
Hot spring at volcano Leirhnjukur, Iceland

Italy

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Hot springs of Saturnia, , Waterfall Mulino, Tuscany

North Macedonia

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Katlanovo hot springs

Norway

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Portugal

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Hot springs in Portuguese are Caldas

Azores
 
Hot springs, Azores
 
Waterfall in Caldas de Monchique
Continental Portugal

Romania

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Russia

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Iturup Baransky volcano Hot Springs

Serbia

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Slovakia

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123 hot springs with temperature above 25 degrees C (77 degrees F)[40]

 
Thermal water park in Bešeňová, Slovakia

Spain

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Turkey

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  • Afyonkarahisar (Gazlıgöl, Heybeli, Ömer, Hüdai, Gecek)
  • Aksaray (Ihlara Valley, Ziga)
  • Amasya (Terziköy, Hamamözü, Gözlek)
  • Ankara (Ayaş, Beypazarı, Dutlu, Kapullu, Haymana, Kızılcahamam)
  • Aydın (Alangüllü, Germencik, İmamköy Kızıldere, Kuşadası)
  • Ağrı (Didaydın)
  • Balıkesir (Balya, Bigadiç, Edremit, Ferman, Güre, Pamukçu, Sındırgı, Gönen)
  • Bolu (Karacasu, Babas, Sarot, Seben, Çatak)
  • Bursa (Çelik Palas, Kükürtlü, Karamustafa, Kaynarca, Eski Kaplıca)
  • Çanakkale (Afrodit, Külcüler, Çan, Tepeköy, Hıdırlar, Kestanbolu, Kızılca, Küçük Çeymi)
  • Çankırı (Çavundur, Acısu)
  • Denizli (Pamukkale, Gölemezli, Babacık, Tekkeköy, Kızıldere, Çizmeli, Karahayıt)
  • Diyarbakır (Çermik)
  • Erzurum (Pasinler, Ilıca, Köprüköy)
  • Eskişehir (City center, Sakarılıca, Hamamkarahisar, Yarıkçı, Kızılinler)
  • Istanbul (Tuzla)
  • İzmir (Balçova, Nebiler, Reisdere, Karakoç, Gülbahçe)
  • Kahramanmaraş (Ekinözü, Büyük Kızılcık, Zeytun)
  • Kayseri (Bayramhacı, Yeşilhisar, Tekgöz, Hacı Veli)
  • Konya (Ilgın, İsmil, Seydişehir, Karasu, Kuşaklı)
  • Kütahya (Harlek, Yoncalı, Yeşil, Kaynarca, Murat Dağı, Simav-Eynal, Tavşanlı-Göbel, Hisarcık-Esire, Çıtgöl, Dereli)
  • Kırşehir (Terme, Karakurt, Bulamaçlı, Mahmutlu)
  • Manisa (Kurşunlu, Sart, Urganlı, Emir, Saraycık, Hisar, Menteşe, Ilıcak)
  • Muğla (Fethiye, Bodrum, Dalaman)
  • Nevşehir (Kozaklı)
  • Rize (Ayder)
  • Sakarya (Kuzuluk [tr], Acısu, Taraklı, Çökek)
  • Sivas (Akçaağıl, Alamani, Kangal, Balıklı, Ortaköy, Sıcak/Soğuk Çermiği)
  • Tokat (Sulusaray, Reşadiye)
  • Yalova (Termal, Armutlu)
  • Yozgat (Sarıkaya, Saraykent, Karadikmeni, Boğazlıyan, Sorgun, Yerköy)

United Kingdom

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Main article: List of geothermal springs in the United Kingdom

There are many geothermal springs in the UK, but the hot springs found in the town of Bath, Somerset[49][50][51][52] are the only true hot springs (defined as those hotter than 37 degrees C):

  • Bath
    • Cross Bath, 42.8 °C, 109 °F
    • Hetling Spring, 45.4 °C, 113.7 °F
    • Hot Bath, 47.2 °C, 117 °F
    • King's Bath, 45.6 °C, 114 °F
    • Stall Street Fountain, 45.4 °C, 113.7 °F

Other thermal or warm springs in the UK include:[51]

Oceania

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Australia

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Hot springs can be found in all six states of Australia as well as the Northern Territory, but apparently not Australian Capital Territory.[59]

Fiji

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Hot springs are in the town of Savusavu where local people use the hot springs to cook their food. Some of the springs are situated on the beach and steam can be seen rising from the water at low tide.

New Zealand

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Main article: Hot springs in New Zealand
 
Excavations on Hot Water Beach, New Zealand
 
New Zealand Ngāwhā Hot Springs

There are numerous hot springs in New Zealand, predominantly in the Taupō Volcanic Zone, and in particular around Rotorua. Well known springs outside the Taupō Volcanic Zone include:

Hot springs parks

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It is common to create parks around hot springs:

United States

See also

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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hot springs.

References

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  1. ^ a b Mambo, Vikandy S.; Kasereka, Mahinda; Yalire, Mapendano; Wafula, Mifundu. "Geochemical study of thermal springs in Eastern D.R. Congo" (PDF). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  2. ^ N S Robins. "THE THERMAL SPRINGS OF SWAZILAND – A REVIEW" (PDF). Nora.nerc.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  3. ^ a b c al-Ashraf, Hassan (11 October 2015). "Moroccan hot springs attract medical tourists". The New Arab. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  4. ^ Hochstein, M.P.; Temu, E.P.; Moshy, C.M.A. (2000). "Geothermal Resources of Tanzania" (PDF). Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, 2000, Kyushu–Tohuku, Japan: 1233–1238. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  5. ^ a b "Six locations in central Mexico where you can enjoy natural hot springs". Mexico News Daily. 8 February 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  6. ^ a b c Bro, Lindsey (2022). Thermal: Healing with Heat - Saunas, Hot Springs & Baths. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-1-7972-1857-1.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Berry, George W.; Grim, Paul J.; Ikelman, Joy A. (1980). Thermal Springs List for the United States. Boulder, Colorado: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  8. ^ Gersh-Young, Marjorie (2011). Hot Springs and Hot Pools of the Southwest. Santa Cruz, California: Aqua Thermal Access.
  9. ^ "IN HOT WATER: FOR THE LOVE OF NEW MEXICO HOT SPRINGS AND MINERAL BATHS". santafe.com. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  10. ^ Walton, John K. (2014). Mineral Springs Resorts in Global Perspective Spa Histories. Taylor & Francis. pp. 175–184. ISBN 9781134920037. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Berkeley Springs State Park". Berkeleyspringssp.com. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  12. ^ "Themal Springs in the U.S." NOAA. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  13. ^ "USA Hot Springs". acme.com.
  14. ^ "El Borbollón: Aguas termales a orillas del mar". Turismosucre.com.ve. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  15. ^ "Rio Aguas Calientes • Eje Turístico Península de Paria • Estado Sucre". Turismosucre.com.ve. 2014-01-20. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  16. ^ "Centro Termal Las Trincheras – Hotel Spa". Trincheras.net. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  17. ^ "Rishikund Rishikesh". Tour my India. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  18. ^ "Sita Kund". Government of Bihar. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  19. ^ a b Behera, B. K. "Prefeasibility study for 1MW Geothermal Power Generation in Gujarat, India" (PDF). School of Petroleum Technology, Pandit Dindayal Petroleum University.
  20. ^ DeshGujarat (23 May 2015). "Unai hot water spring totally dries up!". DeshGujarat. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  21. ^ "Kheerganga trek". 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  22. ^ "गंझुनिया गर्म कुंड में भी पहुंच रहे लोग 9990893". Jagran.com (in Hindi). 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  23. ^ "Special". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  24. ^ Wijetilake, P.M.S. (2011). "The potential of geothermal energy resources in Sri Lanka". United Nations University, Geothermal Training Programme. Report, 34.
  25. ^ Anh, Tran Tuan; Toan, Dinh Van (2017). "Identification of geothermal reservoir from exploration data in the Bang hot spring area, Central Vietnam". Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences. 39 (3): 289–302. doi:10.15625/0866-7187/39/3/10590. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  26. ^ "Jordansprudel - Staatsbad Bad Oeynhausen - Zeit für Kultur und Gesundheit". Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2014-10-18.
  27. ^ Didaskalou, E. A., P. Nastos, and A. Matzarakis. "The development prospects of Greek health tourism and the role of the bioclimate regime of Greece." Advances in tourism climatology. Ber. Meteorol. Inst. Univ. Freiburg 12 (2004): 149–157.
  28. ^ a b "Thermal Springs". Hellenic Association Of Municipalities With Thermal Springs. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  29. ^ Agistro
  30. ^ Lagadas
  31. ^ Pozar Spa
  32. ^ Therma Lemnou
  33. ^ Heath, Elizabeth (17 February 2023). "Ancient Offerings Unearthed in Tuscany Reveal a Cultural Crossroads". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  34. ^ Zuffianò, L. E.; Polemio, M.; Laviano, R.; De Giorgio, G.; Pallara, M.; Limoni, P. P.; Santaloia, F. (2018-07-06). "Sulphuric acid geofluid contribution on thermal carbonate coastal springs (Italy)". Environmental Earth Sciences. 77 (13): 517. Bibcode:2018EES....77..517Z. doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7688-8. ISSN 1866-6299. S2CID 134101106.
  35. ^ Santaloia, F.; Zuffianò, L. E.; Palladino, G.; Limoni, P. P.; Liotta, D.; Minissale, A.; Brogi, A.; Polemio, M. (2016-11-01). "Coastal thermal springs in a foreland setting: The Santa Cesarea Terme system (Italy)". Geothermics. 64: 344–361. Bibcode:2016Geoth..64..344S. doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.06.013. hdl:11586/167990. ISSN 0375-6505.
  36. ^ Trimble, Michaela (27 December 2023). "These Ancient Hot Springs in Tuscany Are a Bucket List Wellness Destination". Vogue.
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