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List of space travelers by nationality

(Redirected from List of astronauts by nationality)

The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 mi), while in the United States, professional, military and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 km) are awarded astronaut wings. The majority of people who have flown into space have done so by entering Earth orbit. This list includes people meeting all three criteria, in separate subdivisions.

Countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of January 2024.

The flags indicate the space traveler's nationality at the time of their flight. In cases of dual citizenship, the space traveler is listed under their primary residence. A secondary list appended to the entry for the Soviet Union shows the birth countries of space travelers not born in Russia. A similar list after the entry for the United States shows the birth countries of space travelers who were citizens of the US but were born elsewhere. Flags shown in the secondary lists are those in use at the time of the space travelers' birth.

Names in italic are space travelers who are not part of any national astronaut program or astronaut corps (Toyohiro Akiyama, Helen Sharman, the Space Adventures customers and the sub-orbital SpaceShipOne and Blue Origin pilots).

Statistics

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As of February 2024, people from 47 countries have traveled in space.[1] As of February 2024 644 have reached the altitude of space according to the FAI definition of the boundary of space,[2] and as of February 2024 681 people have reached the altitude of space according to the USAF definition and 610 people have reached Earth orbit.[3] 24 people have traveled beyond low Earth orbit and either circled, orbited, or walked on the Moon.

Of the 44 countries whose citizens have traveled into Earth orbit, 25 have flown a single space traveler, and four others (Belgium, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) have flown two each. 94% of all space travelers have been contributed by the following eight nations:

Men (blue) and women (red) in space by nationality (as of February 2024)[4]
  United States
  
  
 319♂
60♀️
---
  Soviet Union
  
  
 70♂
2♀️
---
  Russia
  
  
 52♂
4♀️
---
  China
  
  
 21♂
3♀️
---
  Japan
  
  
 12♂
2♀️
---
  Germany1,2
  
  
 12♂
0♀️
---
  France1
  
  
 9♂
1♀️
---
  Canada
  
  
 9♂
2♀️
---
  Italy1
  
  
 8♂
1♀️
---
- Other countries
  
  
 43♂
3♀️
---
All countries
  
  
 555♂
78♀️
---

1 Includes both national space programme activity and European Space Agency participation.
2 Includes astronauts from the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic.

Orbital space travelers

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Orbital space travelers (as of August 17th, 2024)

Afghanistan

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Australia

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Belarus

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Brazil

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Bulgaria

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Canada

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China

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See also: List of Chinese astronauts

Cuba

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Czechoslovakia

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European Space Agency members

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See also: European Astronaut Corps

Some of these astronauts participated in national space programme activity unrelated to their home country's contemporary or subsequent membership of the European Space Agency.

Austria

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Belgium

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Denmark

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France

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See also: List of French spationauts

Germany

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See also: List of German astronauts

Italy

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See also: List of Italian astronauts

Netherlands

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See also: List of Dutch astronauts

Norway

(Marcus Wandt, who went on Axiom Mission 3 in 2024, is listed under Sweden but also holds a Norwegian passport.)

Poland

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Romania

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Spain

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Sweden

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(Jessica Meir, who went on Soyuz MS-15 in 2019, is listed under United States but also holds a Swedish passport.)

Switzerland

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United Kingdom

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Additionally, Michael Foale was born in England to a British father and American mother. He is a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and the United States, and was raised and educated in England. He flew as a member of NASA's Astronaut Corps with dual British American citizenship.[6] Piers Sellers, Nicholas Patrick, Richard Garriott, Marcus Wandt and Mark Shuttleworth have dual nationalities.

Hungary

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India

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Israel

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Japan

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See also: List of Japanese astronauts

Kazakhstan

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Malaysia

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Mexico

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Mongolia

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Russian Federation

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Main article: Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps
Further information: List of cosmonauts
All here listed cosmonauts were citizens of the Russian Federation at the time of at least one of their space flights. The Russian Federal Space Agency (RKA) cosmonauts born outside of Russia are marked with an asterisk (*). For cosmonauts who flew for the Soviet Union see the dedicated header. The Soviet space program had no unified space agency, the parts of the program which were claimed by today's Russian Federation became part of its Russian Federal Space Agency.

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B

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U

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Saudi Arabia

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Slovakia

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South Africa

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South Korea

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Soviet Union

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Further information: List of cosmonauts
All here listed cosmonauts were citizens of the Soviet Union at the time of at least one of their space flights. The cosmonauts born within republics of the Soviet Union other than the Russian Soviet Republic are marked with an asterisk (*) and their place of birth is shown in an appended list. For cosmonauts of ex-Soviet countries see their dedicated headers. The Soviet space program had no unified space agency, its parts were claimed by different ex-Soviet countries.

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Soviet cosmonauts born outside the Russian Soviet Republic

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Azerbaijan SSR / Azerbaijan
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Byelorussian SSR / Belarus
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Kazakh SSR / Kazakhstan
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Kirghiz SSR / Kyrgyzstan
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Latvian SSR / Latvia
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Ukrainian SSR / Ukraine
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Uzbek SSR / Uzbekistan
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Syria

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Turkey

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Ukraine

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United Arab Emirates

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United States

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* Asterisked space travelers were born outside the United States

A

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B

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C

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D

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E

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F

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H

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I

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J

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Americans born abroad

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  1.   William Anders, born in Hong Kong to American parents.
  2.   Fernando Caldeiro, born in Ituzaingó, Argentina.
  3.   Gregory Chamitoff, born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
  4.   Michael Collins, born in Rome, Italy to American parents.
  5.   Richard Garriott, born in Cambridge, England.
  6.   Gregory H. Johnson, born in South Ruislip, England.
  7.   Frederick W. Leslie, born in Ancón, Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).
  8.   Kjell N. Lindgren, born in Taipei, Taiwan.
  9.   Shannon Lucid , born in Shanghai, China (then under Japanese rule) to American parents.
  10.   James H. Newman, born in the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (now Micronesia).
  11.   Jasmin Moghbeli, born in Bad Nauheim, West Germany.

Naturalized Americans

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  1.   Anousheh Ansari , born in Mashhad, Iran. First Iranian-American in space. Fourth space tourist and first female space tourist.
  2.   Sirisha Bandla , born in Guntur, India.
  3.   Franklin Chang-Diaz, born in San José, Costa Rica. First Costa Rican-American in space.
  4.   Kalpana Chawla , born in Karnal, India. First Indian-American in space.
  5.   Michael Foale, born in Louth, England, dual British and American citizen.
  6.   Michael Lopez-Alegria, born in Madrid, Spain.
  7.   Carlos I. Noriega, born in Lima, Peru. First Peruvian-born person in space.
  8.   Nicholas Patrick, born in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, England, dual UK-US citizen.
  9.   Paul Scully-Power, born in Sydney, Australia.
  10.   Piers Sellers, born in Crowborough, England, dual UK-US citizen.
  11.   Charles Simonyi, born in Budapest, Hungary. Fifth space tourist.
  12.   Andrew Thomas, born in Adelaide, Australia.
  13.   Eugene Trinh, born in Saigon, State of Vietnam (now Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam). First Vietnamese-American in space.
  14.   Lodewijk van den Berg, born in Sluiskil, the Netherlands.
  15.   Taylor Wang, born in Shanghai, China. First Chinese American in space.

Vietnam

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Suborbital space fliers

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Fliers marked with an asterisk flew into the upper atmosphere between 80 and 100 kilometres (50 and 62 mi), which counts as space flight by United States guidelines. Those without flew above 100 kilometres (62 mi), which counts as a space flight by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale guidelines.

Antigua and Barbuda

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Austria

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Australia

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Brazil

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Canada

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Egypt

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France

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India

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Israel

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Italy

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Pakistan

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Portugal

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Singapore

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  • Nicolina Elrick, first astronaut / space tourist, representing Singapore. — Blue Origin NS-26 (2024)

South Africa

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The Netherlands

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Turkey

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Ukraine

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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

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The Soviet Union never launched a spaceflight intended as suborbital. The following people were launched aboard Soyuz 7K-T No.39 (also Soyuz 18a), which was intended as orbital, but aborted before reaching orbit.[9]

United States

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United Kingdom

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Dual Citizens

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Additionally, Hamish Harding was a dual national British and UAE and Vanessa O'Brien is a dual national American and British. Both chose to fly the British flag on their respective Blue Origin flights.[12] But, Timothy Nash who is a dual national South African and British but flew under both flags. Some others like him also flew under two flags.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Other Wikipedia articles count Anousheh Ansari as an Iranian-American dual citizen; they may also consider Russia and the Soviet Union, or East, West, and even united Germany as distinct countries, resulting in counts of 40 or more countries.
  2. ^ "International Astronaut Database". Aerospace Security. 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  3. ^ "Astronaut/Cosmonaut Statistics". World Space Flight. 2023-06-15. Retrieved 2023-08-09.
  4. ^ "Astronaut/Cosmonaut Statistics - More". World Space Flight. 2024-02-19. Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  5. ^ EVA-22: Cassidy and Parmitano complete ISS spacewalk July 9, 2013
  6. ^ "Astronaut Michael Foale retires from Nasa". BBC News. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  7. ^ Akopian, Aram (2001). Armenians and the World: Yesterday and Today. Yerevan: Noyan Tapan. p. 61. ISBN 9789993051299. James Bagian, an engineer and physician, is the first, but surely not the last, Armenian astronaut.
  8. ^ "Core memory unlocked. Welcome to space, #Galactic03. Congratulations, 014, 015, and 016!". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  9. ^ "Soyuz 18-1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on February 6, 2002. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  10. ^ "Core memory unlocked. Welcome to space, #Galactic03. Congratulations, 014, 015, and 016!". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  11. ^ "Core memory unlocked. Welcome to space, #Galactic03. Congratulations, 014, 015, and 016!". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  12. ^ "Dubai resident Hamish Harding to fly into space on Blue Origin's mission on May 20". Daily Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2022.

*Due to the rise of space tourism (predominately done through private companies, such as but not limited to: Space X and Virgin) this list may change or may become outdated .

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