Several stratigraphic units in Colombia have provided fossils. The richest formations are the Devonian Cuche and Floresta Formations, the Cretaceous Paja Formation, the Paleocene Cerrejón Formation and the Miocene La Venta site. The latter is the richest Konzentrat-Lagerstätte in northern South America and comprises the formations of the Honda Group.
B
C
F
H
J
M
P
V
Co
Locations of major fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colombia
Neogene
V = La Venta: Honda Group
Co = Cocinetas Basin: Ware & Castilletes Fms
Paleogene
B = Bogotá Formation
C = Cerrejón Formation
Cretaceous
H = Hiló Formation
P = Paja Formation
Jurassic
J = Valle Alto Formation
Devonian
F = Cuche and Floresta Formations
Cambro-Ordovician
M = Serranía de la Macarena, Meta
NeogeneV = La Venta: Honda Group
Co = Cocinetas Basin: Ware & Castilletes Fms
PaleogeneB = Bogotá Formation
C = Cerrejón Formation
CretaceousH = Hiló Formation
P = Paja Formation
JurassicJ = Valle Alto Formation
DevonianF = Cuche and Floresta Formations
Cambro-OrdovicianM = Serranía de la Macarena, Meta
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units
editFormations are ordered according to their youngest age
Proposed reclassification of South American gomphotheres
editSome authors, Lucas, Mothé, Avilla et al., propose a reclassification of the South American gomphotheres as follows:[275][276][277][278]
- Stegomastodon (Pohlig 1912) is an exclusively North American genus
- Haplomastodon (Hoffstetter 1950) is a South American genus, but synonymous with Notiomastodon (Cabrera 1929)
- as Notiomastodon was defined earlier, all Haplomastodon species should be considered part of Notiomastodon
- all formerly described species as Stegomastodon sp., Haplomastodon sp. and Notiomastodon sp. belong to a single species; Notiomastodon platensis
- Cuvieronius (Osborn 1923) is the only remaining South American genus outside of Notiomastodon
Evolution
editSee also
edit
Notes and references
editNotes
editReferences
edit- ^ Stegomastodon waringi at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Curití at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b De Porta, 1969, p.92
- ^ Correal Urrego, 1990, p.77
- ^ De Porta, 1960
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rodríguez Flórez et al., 2009
- ^ Hammen, 1986, p.29
- ^ Villarroel et al., 1996
- ^ Hernández & De Porta, 1960, p.46
- ^ Hoffstetter, 1971, p.54
- ^ a b Soatá at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b De Porta, 1961, p.52
- ^ a b Bürgl, 1956
- ^ Páramo & Escobar, 2010, p.55
- ^ Villarroel & Clavijo, 2005, p.353
- ^ Haplomastodon waringi, Rotinet at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Mothé & Avilla, 2015, pp.25-27
- ^ a b (in Spanish) Mastodontes en Colombia
- ^ Hoffstetter, 1971, p.53
- ^ Hoffstetter, 1971, p.52
- ^ Hoffstetter, 1971, p.43
- ^ a b Amson et al., 2016, p.2
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.3
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.4
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.6
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.8
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.15
- ^ Pérez et al., 2017
- ^ Ware Vertebrates[dead link] at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.9
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.12
- ^ Geochelone hesterna at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Villarroel et al., 1996, p.54
- ^ Villarroel et al., 1996, p.53
- ^ a b Suárez et al., 2015
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Croft, 2007, p.299
- ^ Villarroel, 1997
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Croft, 2007, p.302
- ^ Pardo Jaramillo, 2010
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Croft, 2007, p.300
- ^ Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015
- ^ Purussaurus neivensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Sebecus huiensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Charactosuchus fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cadena et al., 2008
- ^ De la Fuente et al., 2013, p.102
- ^ Hsiou et al., 2010
- ^ Dracaena colombiana at Fossilworks.org
- ^ (in Spanish) Fauna de La Venta, serpientes
- ^ Gryposuchus colombianus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Mourasuchus atopus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b (in Spanish) Fauna de La Venta - flora, cangrejos y peces
- ^ Kay & Madden, 1997, p.185
- ^ Lundberg & Chernoff, 1992, p.5
- ^ Brachyplatystoma promagdalena at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Miller, 1953
- ^ a b Rasmussen, 1997
- ^ Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1988
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tejedor, 2013, p.22
- ^ Meldrum & Kay, 1997
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Croft, 2007, p.301
- ^ Stirtonia tatacoensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Setoguchi, 1985
- ^ Stirtonia victoriae at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Hondadelphys fieldsi at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Marshall, 1976
- ^ Neotamandua borealis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Croft, 2007, p.303
- ^ Cebupithecia sarmientoi at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Organ & Lemelin, 2011
- ^ Defler, 2004, p.32
- ^ Miocallicebus villaviejai at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Takai et al., 2001
- ^ Neosaimiri annectens at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Rosenberger et al., 1991
- ^ Pachybiotherium minor at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Thylamys colombianus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Thylamys minutus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Hondathentes cazador at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Pithiculites chenche at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Anadasypus hondanus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Pedrolypeutes praecursor at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Scirrotherium hondaensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Boreostemma gigantea at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Boreostemma acostae at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Neoglyptatelus originalis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Brievabradys laventensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Huilabradys magdaleniensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Pseudoprepotherium confusum at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Neonematherium flabellatum at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Neoreomys huilensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Rhodanodolichotis antepridiana at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Scleromys colombianus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Scleromys schurmanni at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Prolicaphrium sanalfolsensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Prothoatherium colombianus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Czaplewski et al., 2003, p.278
- ^ Potamops mascahehenes at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Kiotomops lopezi at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Takai et al., 1991
- ^ Estes & Wassersug, 1963
- ^ Thyroptera robusta at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Neoglyptatelus sincelejanus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Amson et al., 2016, p.7
- ^ a b Moreno et al., 2015, p.35
- ^ Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, pp.190-196
- ^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, pp.7-30
- ^ Moreno et al., 2015, p.29
- ^ Hendy et al., 2015, pp.52-54
- ^ Villarroel et al., 1996, p.63
- ^ Hoffstetter, 1971, p.40
- ^ Granastrapotherium snorki, Sebecus sp. at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Hoffstetter, 1971, p.39
- ^ Balanerodus logimus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Lophiodolodus chaparralensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Xenastrapotherium chaparralensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Protheosodon at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Proadinotherium at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Billet et al., 2010
- ^ Etayoa bacatensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Villarroel, 1987, p.241
- ^ Stephania palaeosudamericana, FH0903 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Herrera et al., 2011
- ^ Montoya & Reyes, 2002, p.59
- ^ Herrera et al., 2014, pp.204-209
- ^ Bloch et al., 2008
- ^ Head et al., 2011
- ^ Head et al., 2012
- ^ Titanoboa cerrejonensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Head et al., 2009
- ^ Carbonemys cofrinii at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cadena et al., 2012a
- ^ Acherontisuchus guajiraensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Hastings et al., 2011, p.1095
- ^ Anthracosuchus balrogus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Hastings et al., 2014
- ^ Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cadena et al., 2010
- ^ Cerrejonisuchus improcerus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Hastings et al., 2010
- ^ Puentemys mushaisaensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cadena et al., 2012b
- ^ Herrera et al., 2008
- ^ Herrera et al., 2014, p.199
- ^ Herrera et al., 2014, p.204
- ^ Wing et al., 2009
- ^ Cerrejón 0315 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0318 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0319 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0322 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0323 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0324 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0706 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0707 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0708 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón 0710 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cerrejón FH0705-12 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b García González et al., 2007, p.303
- ^ Moreno & Hincapié, 2010, p.37
- ^ Huertas, 1960, p.54
- ^ Coussapoa camargoi, Ficus andrewsi at fossilworks.org
- ^ Berhamniphyllum sp. & Archaeopaliurus boyacensis at fossilworks.org
- ^ 'Archaeopaliurus boyacensis' in the Paleobiology Database
- ^ Gúzman et al., 2016
- ^ Espinel & Hurtado, 2010, pp.14-15
- ^ García González et al., 2007, p.77
- ^ a b c García González et al., 2007, p.307
- ^ Eonatator coellensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Páramo Fonseca, 2013
- ^ Luque et al., 2015
- ^ Tchegliakova & Pérez, 1995
- ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.48
- ^ Espinel & Hurtado, 2010, p.14
- ^ Moreno & Hincapié, 2010, pp.32-33
- ^ a b c Moreno Bedmar et al., 2015
- ^ a b García González et al., 2007, p.75
- ^ Yaguarasaurus columbianus at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Páramo Fonseca, 2000
- ^ a b Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.41
- ^ Patarroyo, 2016, p.41
- ^ Blanco et al., 2004, p.26
- ^ a b Patarroyo, 2011
- ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.54
- ^ Gutiérrez Palma, 1971
- ^ Acosta, 1960, p.37
- ^ Patarroyo & Rojas, 2007
- ^ Moreno & Hincapié, 2010, p.31
- ^ Olini Creek 1 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 3 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 6 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 8 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 9 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 13 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 15 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 34 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 39 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 40 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 47 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 48 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 54 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 58 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 59 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 65 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 100 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 101 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 106 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 108 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 115 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Olini Creek 122 at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.42
- ^ Cuiza Barremian at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Cuiza Aptian at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Punta Espada at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Monje et al., 2016, p.38
- ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.40
- ^ Badouin et al., 2016, p.87
- ^ Kronosaurus boyacensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Callawayasaurus colombiensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Padillasaurus leivaensis at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Platypterygius sachicarum at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Páramo et al., 2016
- ^ a b Brachauchenius sp., Gerhardtia sp., Heinzia sp., Karsteniceras sp., Prodesheyesites sp., Pulchellia sp., Toxancycloceras sp. at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Cadena & Parham, 2015
- ^ Muiscasaurus catheti at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Leyvachelys cipadi at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Luque, 2014
- ^ Karasawa et al., 2014
- ^ Luque, 2015
- ^ Bermúdez et al., 2013
- ^ Luque et al., 2012
- ^ Monsalveiceras monsalvense at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Kabakadze & Hoedemaeker, 1997, pp.58-59
- ^ Chaparro et al., 2015
- ^ Moreno et al., 2007
- ^ Patarroyo, 2009
- ^ Espinel & Hurtado, p.11
- ^ Moreno & Hincapié, 2010, p.23
- ^ Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Boyacá at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Arcabuco at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Gómez et al., 2015
- ^ Espinel & Hurtado et al., 2010, p.10
- ^ Moreno & Hincapié, 2010, p.21
- ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2002, p.38
- ^ Dorado Galindo, 1990, p.23
- ^ Moreno, 1990, p.76
- ^ Piraquive et al., 2011, p.207
- ^ Pseudoosterella ubalaensis
- ^ Ubalá at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2011
- ^ a b Mojica, 1984, pp.131-132
- ^ Valle Alto Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Coquina Group Jurassic fauna at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Payandé bed A at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Payandé bed B at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Payandé bed C at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Payandé Río Coello at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Payandé Quebrada Chicalá at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Payandé El Salitre at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Payandé Cueva Tuluni at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Río Molino Permian at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Quebrada Manaure Permian at Fossilworks.org
- ^ a b Mojica & Villarroel, 1984, pp.65-69
- ^ Janvier & Villarroel, 1998
- ^ a b Devonian Floresta at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Morzadec et al., 2015, pp.335-352
- ^ Giroud López, 2014, pp.39-40
- ^ Janvier & Villarroel, 1998, p.9
- ^ García González et al., 2007, p.68
- ^ Caño Ordovician at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Moreno et al., 2008, p.10
- ^ Borrero et al., 2007
- ^ Guaviare Ordovician at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Macarena Ordovician at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014
- ^ a b Lucas, 2013
- ^ Mothé et al., 2012
- ^ Mothé et al., 2016a
- ^ Mothé et al., 2016b
- ^ Mothé & Avilla, 2015, p.33
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Honda Group
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- Rasmussen, Tab (1997), Vertebrate paleontology in the neotropics - the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia, Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 1–608
- Rosenberger, A.L.; Setoguchi, T.; Hartwig, W.C. (1991), "Laventiana annectens, new genus and species: fossil evidence for the origins of callitrichine New World monkeys", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88 (6): 2137–2140, Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.2137R, doi:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2137, PMC 51184, PMID 1900937
- Setoguchi, Takeshi; Rosenberger, Alfred L. (1988), "A fossil owl monkey from La Venta, Colombia" (PDF), Kyoto University Overseas Research Reports of New World Monkeys, 6: 1–6, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Setoguchi, T (1985), "Kondous laventicus, a new ceboid primate from the Miocene of the La Venta, Colombia, South America", Folia Primatol, 44 (2): 96–101, doi:10.1159/000156200, PMID 4043876, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Suárez, Catalina; Forasiepi, Analía M.; Goin, Franciso J.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1029581: 1–10, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Takai, Masanaru; Anaya, Federico; Suzuki, Hisashi; Shigehara, Nobuo; Setoguchi, Takeshi (2001), "A New Platyrrhine from the Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia, and the Phyletic Position of Callicebinae", Anthropological Science, Tokyo, 109 (4): 289, doi:10.1537/ase.109.289
- Takai, Masanaru; Setoguchi, Takeshi; Villarroel A., Carlos; Cadena G., Alberto; Shigehara, Nobuo (1991), "A New Miocene Molossid Bat from La Venta, Colombia, South America" (PDF), Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy, 56: 1–9, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Tejedor, Marcelo F (2013), "Sistemática, evolución y paleobiogeografía de los primates Platyrrhini" (PDF), Revista del Museo de La Plata, 20: 20–39, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Vallejo Pareja, M.C.; Carrillo, J.D.; Moreno Bernal, J.W.; Pardo Jaramillo, M.; Rodríguez González, D.F.; Muñoz Duran, J. (2015), "Hilarcotherium castanedaii, gen. et sp. nov., a new Miocene astrapothere (Mammalia, Astrapotheriidae) from the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia" (PDF), Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich, 35 (2): e903960, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E3960V, doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.903960, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Villarroel A., Carlos S (1997), "La Estructura de la Dentición Caduca de Huilatherium pluriplicatum, Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) del Mioceno de Colombia", Geología Colombiana, 22: 139–149, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Villarroel A., Carlos; Setoguchi, Takeshi; Brieva, Jorge; Macia, Carlos (1996), "Geology of the La Tatacoa "Desert" (Huila, Colombia): Precisions on the Stratigraphy of the Honda Group, the Evolution of the "Pata High" and the Presence of the La Venta Fauna" (PDF), Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. Series of Geology and Mineralogy, 58: 41–66, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Wheeler, Brandon (2010), "Community ecology of the Middle Miocene primates of La Venta, Colombia: the relationship between ecological diversity, divergence time, and phylogenetic richness", Primates, 51 (2): 131–138, doi:10.1007/s10329-009-0181-y, PMID 20037832
Bogotá Formation
edit- Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Cadena, Edwin; Hastings, Alexander; Rincón, Aldo F.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2008), "Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
- Cadena, Edwin A (2014), "The fossil record of turtles in Colombia; a review of the discoveries, research and future challenges" (PDF), Acta Biológica Colombiana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 19 (3): 333–339, doi:10.15446/abc.v19n3.42223, retrieved 2017-03-29
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- Head, Jason J.; Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Rincón, Aldo F.; Bourque, Jason R.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2011), "An enigmatic derived snake from the earliest Eocene of equatorial South America (Abstract)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 71st Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV: _, retrieved 2017-03-29
- Herrera, Fabiany; Manchester, Steven R.; Carvalho, Mónica R.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Wing, Scott L. (2014), "Paleocene wind-dispersed fruits and seeds from Colombia and their implications for early Neotropical rainforests" (PDF), Acta Paleobotanica, 54 (2): 197–229, doi:10.2478/acpa-2014-0008, retrieved 2017-03-29
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- Woodburne, Michael O.; Goin, Francisco J.; Bond, Mariano; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Gelfo, Javier N.; López, Guillermo M.; Iglesias, A.; Zimicz, Ana N. (2014), "Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America; a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity" (PDF), Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 21: 1–73, doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9222-1, retrieved 2017-03-29
Cerrejón Formation
edit- Cadena, Edwin A.; Ksepka, Daniel T.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Bloch, Jonathan I. (2012a), "New pelomedusoid turtles from the late Palaeocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia and their implications for phylogeny and body size evolution" (PDF), Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 10 (2): 313–331, Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..313C, doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.569031, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2012b), "New bothremydid turtle (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Paleocene of northeastern Colombia", Journal of Paleontology, 86 (4): 688–698, Bibcode:2012JPal...86..688C, doi:10.1666/11-128R1.1, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2010), "New Podocnemidid Turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Middle-Upper Paleocene of South America", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30 (2): 367–382, Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..367C, doi:10.1080/02724631003621946, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2014), "A new blunt-snouted dyrosaurid, Anthracosuchus balrogus gen. et sp. nov. (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia), from the Palaeocene of Colombia" (PDF), Historical Biology, 27 (8): 998–1020, Bibcode:2015HBio...27..998H, doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.918968, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Jaramillo, Carlos A. (2011), "A new longirostrine Dyrosaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of north-eastern Colombia: Biogeographocal and behavioural implications for New-World Dyrosayridae" (PDF), Palaeontology, 54 (5): 1095–1116, Bibcode:2011Palgy..54.1095H, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01092.x, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Head, J.J.; Bloch, J.I.; Hastings, A.K.; Bourque, J.R.; Cadena, E.A.; Herrera, F.A.; Polly, P.D.; Jaramillo, C.A. (2009), "Giant boid snake from the paleocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures", Nature, 457 (7230): 715–718, Bibcode:2009Natur.457..715H, doi:10.1038/nature07671, PMID 19194448, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Herrera, Fabiany A.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Dilcher, David L.; Wing, Scott L.; Gómez N, Carolina (2008), "Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene neotropical rainforest in Colombia", American Journal of Botany, 95 (12): 1569–1583, doi:10.3732/ajb.0800172, PMID 21628164, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Wing, Scott L.; Herrera, Fabiany; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Gómez Navarro, Carolina; Wilf, Peter; Labandeira, Conrad C. (2009), "Late Paleocene fossils from the Cerrejón Formation, Columbia ((sic)), are the earliest record of Neotropical rainforest", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (44): 18627–18632, Bibcode:2009PNAS..10618627W, doi:10.1073/pnas.0905130106, PMC 2762419, PMID 19833876
La Frontera Formation
edit- Acosta Garay, Jorge; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E (2001), Geología de la Plancha 208 Villeta - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–84, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Blanco, Johana Paola; Medina, Paula Andrea; Patarroyo, Pedro (2004), "La Formación La Frontera, Sección Vereda Tóriba: Una propuesta para la designación del Lectoestratotipo" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 29: 23–40, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Páramo Fonseca, María Euridice (2000), "Yaguarasaurus columbianus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae), a primitive mosasaur from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Colombia", Historical Biology, 14 (1–2): 121–131, Bibcode:2000HBio...14..121P, doi:10.1080/10292380009380560, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Patarroyo, Pedro (2016), "Amonoideos y otros macrofósiles del lectoestratotipo de la Formación la Frontera, Turoniano inferior - medio (Cretácico Superior) en San Francisco, Cundinamarca (Colombia)" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 38: 41–54, retrieved 2017-04-04
Paja Formation
edit- Bermúdez, Hermann D.; Gómez Cruz, Arley de J.; Hyžný, Matúš; Moreno Bedmar, Josep A.; Barragán, Ricardo; Moreno Sánchez, Mario; Vega, Francisco J. (2013), "Decapod crustaceans from the Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) San Gil Group in the Villa de Leyva section, central Colombia", Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 267 (3): 255–272, doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0308, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Cadena, Edwin A.; Parham, James F. (2015a), "Oldest known marine turtle? A new protostegid from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia", PaleoBios, 32: 1–42, doi:10.5070/P9321028615, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Cadena, Edwin (2015b), "The first South American sandownid turtle from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia", PeerJ, 3: e1431, doi:10.7717/peerj.1431, PMC 4690369, PMID 26713227
- Carballido, José L.; Pol, Diego; Parra Ruge, Mary L.; Padilla Bernal, Santiago; Páramo Fonseca, María E.; Etayo Serna, Fernando (2015), "A new Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid (Dinosauria, Neosauropoda) from northwestern Gondwana (Villa de Leiva, Colombia)", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35 (5): e980505, Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E0505C, doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.980505, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Chaparro Vargas, León F.; León Sánchez, Oscar M.; Gómez Cruz, Arley de J. (2015), Ocurrencia de Teredolites clavatus (Leymerie, 1842) en la Formación Paja (Aptiano) de Colombia, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay, III Simposio Latinoamericano de Icnología, pp. 1–2, retrieved 2017-04-06
- Hampe, Oliver (2005), "Considerations on a Brachauchenius skeleton (Pliosauroidea) from the lower Paja Formation (late Barremian) of Villa de Leyva area (Colombia)" (PDF), Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe, 8 (1): 37–51, Bibcode:2005FossR...8...37H, doi:10.5194/fr-8-37-2005, retrieved 2017-04-20
- Kakabadze, Mikhail V.; Hoedemaeker, Philip J. (1997), "New and less known Barremian-Albian ammonites from Colombia", Scripta Geologica, 114: 57–117, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Karasawa, Hiroaki; Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Feldmann, Rodney M.; Luque, Javier (2014), "Phylogeny and Classification of Raninoida (Decapoda: Brachyura)", Journal of Crustacean Biology, 34 (2): 216–272, doi:10.1163/1937240X-00002216, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Luque, Javier (2015), "The oldest higher true crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura): insights from the Early Cretaceous of the Americas", Palaeontology, 58 (2): 251–263, Bibcode:2015Palgy..58..251L, doi:10.1111/pala.12135, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Luque, Javier (2014), "A new genus and species of raninoidian crab (Decapoda, Brachyura) from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia, South America", Scripta Geologica, 147: 27–34, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Luque, Javier; Feldmann, Rodney M.; Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Jaramillo, Carlos; Cameron, Christopher B. (2012), "The oldest frog crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Raninoida) from the Aptian of northern South America", Journal of Crustacean Biology, 32 (3): 405–420, doi:10.1163/193724012X626539, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Maxwell, Erin E.; Dick, Daniel; Padilla, Santiago; Parra, Mary Luz (2015), "A new ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia", Papers in Palaeontology, 2: 59–70, doi:10.1002/spp2.1030, retrieved 2017-03-30
- Moreno Sánchez, M.; Gómez Cruz, A. de J.; Castillo González, H. (2007), "Frenelopsis y Pseudofrenelopsis (Coniferales: Cheirolepidiaceae) en el Cretácico temprano de Colombia", Boletín de Geología, 29: 13–19, retrieved 2019-03-12
- Páramo, María E.; Gómez Pérez, Marcela; Noé, Leslie F.; Etayo, Fernando (2016), "Stenorhynchosaurus munozi, gen. et sp. nov. a new pliosaurid from the Upper Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of Villa de Leiva, Colombia, South America", Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 40 (154): 84–103, doi:10.18257/raccefyn.239, retrieved 2017-04-20
- Patarroyo, Pedro (2009), "Amonitas de un nivel de alta energía del Barremiano inferior en la Formación Paja de los sectores de Villa de Leyva (Boyacá) y Vélez (Santander)" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 31: 15–21, retrieved 2017-04-06
Murca Formation
edit- Dorado Galindo, Jorge (1990), "Contribución al Conocimiento de la Estratigrafía de la Formación Brechas de Buenavista (Límite Jurásico-Cretácico). Región Noroeste de Villavicencio (Meta)" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 17: 7–38, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Moreno M., Juan Manuel (1990), "Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Rosablanca and Cumbre Formations, Útica Sandstone and Murca Formation, West Flank, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia", Geología Colombiana, 17: 65–86, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Piraquive, Alejandro; Díaz, Juan Sebastián; Cuéllar, Tomas; Pardo, Germán; Kammer, Andreas (2011), "Reactivación Neógena de estructuras de rift del Cretácico Temprano asociadas con la Falla de Chámeza, Pajarito, Boyacá (Colombia): evidencias tectónicas y bioestratigráficas - Neogene reactivation of Early Cretaceous rift structures associated with the Chámeza Fault, Pajarito, Boyacá (Colombia): tectonic and biostratigraphic evidences" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 36: 197–216, retrieved 2017-03-31
Jurassic
edit- Mojica, Jairo; Kammer, Andreas (1995), "Eventos Jurásicos en Colombia" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 19: 165–172, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Mojica, Jairo (1984), "An outline on the Jurassic in Colombia" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 13: 129–136, retrieved 2017-03-31
Cuche & Floresta Formations
edit- Giroud López, Marie Joëlle (2014), El Mar en la Localidad Tipo del Devónico Medio, del Municipio de Floresta - Boyacá, Colombia, Universidad de La Habana, pp. 1–174, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Janvier, Philippe; Villarroel A, Carlos (1998), "Los Peces Devónicos del Macizo de Floresta (Boyacá, Colombia). Consideraciones taxonómicas, bioestratigráficas, biogeográficas y ambientales", Geología Colombiana, 23: 3–18, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Mojica, Jairo; Villarroel A, Carlos (1984), "Contribución al conocimiento de las unidades paleozoicas del área de Floresta (Cordillera Oriental Colombiana; Departamento de Boyacá) y en especial al de la Formación Cuche" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, 13: 55–80, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Morzadec, Pierre; Mergl, Michal; Villarroel, Carlos; Janvier, Philippe; Racheboeuf, Patrick R. (2015), "Trilobites and inarticulate brachiopods from the Devonian Floresta Formation of Colombia: a review" (PDF), Bulletin of Geosciences, 90: 331–358, doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1515, retrieved 2017-04-04
Cambro-Ordovician
edit- Borrero, C.; Sarmiento, G.N.; Gómez González, C.; Gutiérrez Marco, J.C. (2007), "Los Conodontos de la Formación El Hígado y su contribución al conocimiento del metamorfismo y la paleogeografía del Ordovícico en la Cordillera Central Colombiana", Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 29: 39–46, retrieved 2019-03-07
- Moreno Sánchez, Mario; Jesus Gómez Cruz, Arley de; Castillo González, Hardany (2008), "Graptolitos del Ordovícico y geología de los afloramientos del Río Venado (norte del Departamento del Huila)" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 30: 9–19, retrieved 2019-03-07
- Toro Toro, Luz Mary; Moreno Sánchez, Mario; Gómez Cruz, Arley (2014), "Metagabro del Ariarí, plutonismo MORB, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 36: _, retrieved 2019-03-07
- Villarroel A., C.; Macia S., C.; Brieva B, J. (1997), "Formación Venado, nueva unidad litoestratigráfica del Ordovícico colombiano", Geología Colombiana, 22: 41–49, retrieved 2019-03-07
Other formations
edit- Acosta, Jorge E.; Ulloa, Carlos E. (2002), Mapa geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca 1:250,000 - Memoria Explicativa, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–108
- Acosta, C.E (1960), "Estratigrafía de García Rovira", Boletín de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 5: 33–40, retrieved 2017-05-03
- Amson, Eli; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2016), "Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (4): 563–582, Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..563A, doi:10.1111/pala.12244, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Badouin, Cyril; Delanoy, Gérard; Moreno Bedmar, Josep Antón; Pictet, Antoine; Vermeulen, Jean; Conte, Gabriel; Gonnet, Roland; Boselli, Patrick; Bonelli, Marc (2016), "Revision of the Early Cretaceous genera Heminautilus SPATH, 1927, and Josanautilus MARTÍNEZ & GRAUGES, 2006 (Nautilida, Cenoceratidae)" (PDF), Carnets Geologicás, 16 (5): 61–212, doi:10.4267/2042/58977, retrieved 2017-01-20
- Billet, Guillaume; Orliac, Maëva; Antoine, Pierre-Olivier; Jaramillo, Carlos (2010), "New observations and reinterpretation on the enigmatic taxon Colombitherium (?Pyrotheria, Mammalia) from Colombia" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (2): 319–325, Bibcode:2010Palgy..53..319B, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00936.x, retrieved 2017-05-17
- Espinel Arias, Valentina; Hurtado Henao, Julian Alberto (2010), Petrografía y análisis facial de las rocas calcáreas aflorantes de la sección Tunja-Villa de Leiva (Boyacá), Universidad de Caldas, pp. 1–102
- García González, Mario; Mier Umaña, Ricardo; Cruz Guevara, Luis Enrique; Vásquez, Mauricio (2009), Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, pp. 1–219
- Gómez Cruz, Arley de Jesús; Bermúdez, Hermann D.; Vega, Francisco J. (2015), "A new species of Diaulax Bell, 1863 (Brachyura: Dialucidae) in the Early Cretaceous of the Rosablanca Formation, Colombia", Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 67: 103–112, doi:10.18268/BSGM2015v67n1a8, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Gutiérrez Palma, Diana (1971), Exogyra squamata en el Cretáceo medio de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia, pp. 69–130, retrieved 2017-05-03
- Gúzman, Walter; Bermúdez, Hermann Darío; Gómez Cruz, Arley de Jesús; Vega, Francisco J. (2016), "Ophthalmoplax (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunoidea) from the late Campanian, Upper Cretaceous, of Colombia", Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 68: 93–103, doi:10.18268/BSGM2016v68n1a11, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Hoffstetter, Robert (1971), Los vertebrados cenozóicos de Colombia: yacimientos, faunas, problemas planteados (PDF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp. 37–62, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Huertas G., Gustavo (1960), "De la flora fosíl de la Sabana", Boletín de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 5: 53–57
- Luque, Javier; Hourdez, Stéphane; Vinn, Olev (2015), "A new fossil bristle worm (Annelida: Polychaeta: Aphroditiformia) from the late Cretaceous of tropical America", Journal of Paleontology, 89 (2): 257–261, Bibcode:2015JPal...89..257L, doi:10.1017/jpa.2014.22, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Monje Durán, Camila; Martínez, Camila; Escapa, Ignacio; Madriñán, Santiago (2016), "Nuevos registros de helechos y coníferas del Cretácico Inferior en la cuenca del Valle Superior del Magdalena, Colombia" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 38: 29–42, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Moreno Bedmar, J.A; Martínez, R.; Rodríguez, J.V.; Bermúdez, Hermann Durán (2015), Algunos ammonites del Cretácico de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia, XV Congreso Colombiano de Geología, 2015, pp. _, retrieved 2017-04-06
- Moreno Sánchez, Mario; Gómez Cruz, Arley de Jesús; Gómez Tapias, Jorge (2012), "Reporte de huellas de dinsosaurios en el Santuario de Fauna y Flora de Iguaque, en cercanías de Chíquiza (Boyacá, Colombia)", Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 33: _, retrieved 2017-05-02
- Moreno Sánchez, Mario; Hincapié Jaramillo, Gustavo (2010), Estudio de isótopos de carbono (delta 13C) y estroncio (87Sr/86Sr) en los depósitos cretáceos-terciarios de la Cordillera Oriental (PDF), Universidad de Caldas, pp. 1–181, retrieved 2017-05-03
- Páramo Fonseca, María Euridice (2013), "Eonatator coellensis nov. sp. (Squamata: Mosasauridae), a new species from the Upper Cretaceous of Colombia" (PDF), Revista Académica Colombiana de Ciencias Naturales, XXXVII: 499–518, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Patarroyo, Pedro (2011), "Sucesión de Amonitas del Cretácico Superior (Cenomaniano-Coniaciano) de la parte más alta de la Formación Hondita y de la Formación Loma Gorda en la Quebrada Bambucá, Aipe - Huila (Colombia)" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 33: 69–92, retrieved 2017-03-31
- Patarroyo, Pedro; Rojas, Alexis (2007), "La sucesión y la fauna del Turoniano de la Formación San Rafael en Pesca y su comparación con la sección tipo en Samacá (Boyacá-Colombia-S.A.)" (PDF), Geología Colombiana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 32: 89–96, retrieved 2017-04-05
- Pérez, María E.; Vallejo Pareja, María C.; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2017), "A New Pliocene Capybara (Rodentia, Caviidae) from Northern South America (Guajira, Colombia), and its Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange", Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 24: 111–125, doi:10.1007/s10914-016-9356-7, retrieved 2017-04-04
- Tchegliakova, Nadejda; Pérez, Vladimir (1995), "Registro de la Zona bioestratigrafica Dicarinella concavata (Foraminiferida) en el Extremo noroccidental de Suramerica (Colombia)", Geología Colombiana, 19: 131–143, retrieved 2017-04-06
South American gomphotheres
edit- Mothé, Dimila; dos Santos Avilla, Leonardo; Asevedo, Lidiane; Borges-Silva, Leon; Rosas, Mariane; Labarca-Encina, Rafael; Souberlich, Ricardo; Soibelzon, Esteban; Roman-Carrion, José Luis; Ríos, Sergio D.; Rincon, Ascanio D.; de Oliveira, Gina Cardoso; Lopes, Renato Pereira (2017). "Sixty years after 'The mastodonts of Brazil': The state of the art of South American proboscideans (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae)". Quaternary International. 443. Elsevier BV: 52–64. Bibcode:2017QuInt.443...52M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.08.028. hdl:11336/48585. ISSN 1040-6182.
- Mothé, Dimila; Ferretti, Marco P.; Avilla, Leonardo S. (2016b), "The Dance of Tusks: Rediscovery of Lower Incisors in the Pan-American Proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon Revises Incisor Evolution in Elephantimorpha", PLoS ONE, 11 (1): 1–19, Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1147009M, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147009, PMC 4710528, PMID 26756209
- Mothé, Dimila; Avilla, Leonardo S. (2015), "Mythbusting evolutionary issues on South American Gomphotheriidae (Mammalia: Proboscidea)", Quaternary Science Reviews, 110: 23–35, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.013, retrieved 2017-05-07
- Mothé, Dimila; Avilla, Leonardo S.; Cozzuol, Mário; Winck, Gisele R. (2012), "Taxonomic revision of the Quaternary gomphotheres (Mammalia: Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae) from the South American lowlands", Quaternary International, 276–277: 2–7, Bibcode:2012QuInt.276....2M, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.05.018, retrieved 2017-05-07
- Lucas, Spencer G (2013), "The palaeobiogeography of South American gomphotheres", Journal of Palaeogeography, 2 (1): 19–40, Bibcode:2013JPalG...2...19L, doi:10.3724/SP.J.1261.2013.00015 (inactive 1 November 2024)
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - Lucas, Spencer G (2008), "Taxonomic nomenclature of Cuvieronius and Haplomastodon, proboscideans from the Plio-Pleistocene of the New World", Neogene Mammals - New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 44: 409–415, retrieved 2017-05-07
External links
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- (in Spanish) Paleontología en Colombia