Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 57

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 57 running from name Tom to name Tytler.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 57 Tom - Tytler. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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^ John Nichols Tom or Thom (1799–1838), impostor and madman; son of an innkeeper and farmer: clerk and subsequently hop-dealer at Truro; joined Spencean Society; was regarded by his family as insane and disappeared: reappeared at Canterbury, styling himM if sir William Percy Honeywood Courtonay, sari of I won. kn ik'h t of Malta, anil king of Jerusalem; nominated M.I for:.nt4 rbury, 1832; convicted of perjury. 1833, hot placed in an asylum: on release lived at farmhouse between Canterbury and Favenham: declared himself the Messiah, showed stigmata and attracted disciples: .-hot a constable while serving warrant upon him for enticing away a fanner's labourers, and a lieutenant sent to apprehend him with soldiers: killed with eight rioters in Blean Waul.
^ Tombz 8. JHN (1603?-1676), baptist divine; M.A Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1624; lecturer at St. Martin Carfax, 1624-30; vicar of Leominster, where bis preaching was very popular; held several other livings; being a presbyterian declined to baptise infants; appealed to the Westminster Assembly on this subject and published tracts; master of the Temple, 1646-7; had interview with Cromwell, 1646: organised baptist church: engaged in public debate with Baxter. 1860, and others; author of tracts against paedobaptists, quakers, and papists.
^ Sir Henry Tombs (1824–1874), major-general: lieutenant, Bengal artillery, 1841: mentioned to despatches for (iwalior campaign, 1H44; distinguished himself in both Sikh wars, being present at battles of Mndki. 1845. Firozshah, 1845, Aliwal, 1848, Ramnagar, 1848, Chllianwala, 1849, nnd Gnxerat, 1849: recommended for brevet majority: during the mutiny distinguished himself In defeat of the rebels at Ghaxi and Badli-ke-ferai, and throughout siege of Delhi; made V.C. and C.B.; commanded his troop at Liu-know. 1868. ami in subsequent operations in Rohilkband: promoted I n- vet-colonel and eulogised by Lord Panmure, 1868; brigadier-grneral commanding artillery at Gwalior, 1883: commanded force which recaptured Dewangiri, 1884; K.C.B., 1888: eonv mauded Allahabad division, 1871.
^ Sir John Tomes (1816–1895), dental surgeon ; invented dental forceps and studied histology of bone and U.rth: drlivrnil ElaM * M:ddl,,.-x H.-pital whirl. marked new era in dentistry; administered ether for dental operations, 1847: contributed Important papers to Philosophical Transactions; 1849-68: Induced Royal College of Surgeons to grant licence in dental surgery. 1858: one of the chief founders of the Odontotogical Society. 1868, and Dental Hospital, 1868; of Dentbtt Act, 1878; F.R.C.S., 1881; published works on dentistry.
^ Chaklks Tomkins (it. 1779), topographical nnd antiquariun draughtsman and amatiut engraver: brother of IVltro William Tomkius
^ Gilks Tomkins (rf. 1668?), musician: brother of John Tomk.ns (1586-1638), whom he succeeded as organist at King's College, Cambridge; choirmaster at Salisbury Cathedral; household musician to Charles I, MM
^ John Tomkins (1586–1638), musician: brother of Thomas Tomkins (d. 1656); organist of King's College, Cambridge, 160fi: Mus.Ha.-. Cambridge, 1608; organist of St. Paul's, London, r. 1619; epistler and gospeller. Chapel Royal, London; composed anthems; the Thomalin of three of Phineas Fletcher's eclogues.
^ John Tomkins (1663?-1706), quaker annalist: published Piety Promoted, in a Collection of Dying Sayings of... Quakers 1701, and other works.
^ Martin Tomkins (d. 1765?), Arian divine: studied at Utrecht and Leyden; dissenting minister at Stoke Newington, 1707, but resigned, 1718, on account of Arian sympathies: chief work, A Sober Appeal to a Turk or an Indian concerning the plain Sense of Scripture relating to the Trinity 1723.
^ Nathan Ael Tomkins (d. 1681), prebendary of Worcester, 1629; son of Thomas Tomkins (d. 1656) : B.D. Balliol College, Oxford, 1629.
^ Peltro William Tomkins (1759–1840), engraver and draughtsman: pupil of Francesco Bartolozzi; produced many fine plates and illustrations for Sharpe's British Poets and other works; projected The British Gallery of Art and The Gallery of the Marquess of Stafford (both appearing, 1818); drawing-master in George III's reign to the princesses.
^ Thomas Tomkins (fl. 1604–1615).
^ Thomas Tomkins (d. 1656), musician; brother of John Tomkins (1586-1638); studied under William Byrd: Mus.Bac. Oxon., 1607; organist of Worcester Cathedral and (1621) of the Chapel Royal, London; composed Songs and (published, 1668) Musica Deo Sacra besides pieces remaining in manuscript.
^ Thomas Tomkins (1637?–1675), divine; son of John Tomkins (1586-1638); M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1658; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1657: D.D. Cambridge, 1673; published The Rebel's Plea 16CO, criticising Baxter's constitutional theories, and other works; rector of St. Mary Aldermary, London, 1665: chaplain to Gilbert Sheldon and assistant licenser of books; rector of Great Chart, 1667, of Lambeth, 1669; chancellor and prebendary of Exeter.
^ Thomas Tomkins (1743–1816), calligrapher; kept a writing-school in Foster Lane, London; produced ornamental titles to books and other work, attaining the highest eminence in his art; published The Beauties of Writing 1777, and other works.
^ Thomas Tomkinson (1631–1710?), Muggletonlan; tenant-farmer; visited Lodowicke Muggleton , 1662; fined and excommunicated for recusancy, 1674; ablest of the Muggletonian writers; published The Muggletonians Principles Prevailing 1695, and other work*.
^ Thomas Tomkis or Tomkis (.?. 1604–1615), dramatist; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1604; M.A., 1604; wrote Albumazar (comedy), 1615, on visit of Jamen I to Cambridge, for the revival of which Dryden composed a prologue, 1668: author probably also of Lingua (comedy), 1607; both his comedies founded on Italian models.
^ Sir George Pretyman Tomline (1750–1827), tutor of the younger Pitt and bishop of Winchester belonged to an old Suffolk family; of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; senior wrangler and Smith's prizeman, 1772; fellow and tutor, 1773; M.A.,1776; university moderator, 1781; Pitt's tutor, 1774, and his private secretary, 1783-7 and given a Westminster prebend and other preferment; PJL8 r 1785; assisted Pitt in finance; became bishop of Lincoln and dean of St. Paul's, London, 1787; exercised ecclesiastical patronage and gave political advice; publishedElement* of Christian Theology 1818; oppo*ei to Pitt's relationship with Addington; suggested Pitt's iriurantee to George III concerning catholic emancipation: arranged payment of Pitt's debts; took name ! Tomline on large estate being left to him, 1803; wfca ivfu.-fd archbishopric by George III, 1804; attended Pitt on his deathbed and left literary executor; published A Hesitation of Calvinism 1811; bishop of Winchester, 1820-7; published his memoir of Pitt, 1793; established claim to Nova Scotia baronetcy, 1823.
^ Elizabeth Sophia Tomlins (1763–182*), authoress; sister of Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins
^ Frederick Guest Tomlins (1804–1867), journalist and publisher; contributed to Weekly Times Morning Advertiser and other journals; founder of the Shakespeare Society, 1840; wrote mainly on the drama.
^ Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins (1762–1841), legal writer; of Queen's College, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1783; editor ofSt. James's Chronicle; counsel to chief secretary for Ireland and (parliamentary) to Irish chancellor of the exchequer, 1801: knighted, 1814; assistant-counsel to treasury, 1818; chief work,A Familiar Explanation of the Law of Wills and Codicils 1785.
^ Thomas Edlyne Tomlins (1804–187L writer; nephew of Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins
^ Charles Tomlinson (1808–1897), scientific writer; of Wadham College, Oxford; kept a day-school with his brother at Salisbury; attended science lectures at University College, London: contributed papers to magazines: published The Student's Manual of Natural Philosophy 1838; lecturer on experimental science, King's College School, London; made important discoveries concerning surface tension of liquids: F.O.S., 1867; F.R.S., 1872; Dante lecturer, University College, London, 1878-80; author of miscellaneous works.
^ Matthew Tomlinson (1617–1681). See THOMLINSON.
^ Nicholas Tomlinson (1765–1847), vice-admiral : j severely injured in explosion on the Duke of Athol, 1783: present at fifth action between Suffren and Sir Edward Hughes; performeddashing exploitson Frencli coast, 1794; captured the Revanche and other vessels; fitted out a privateer, 1797; vice-admiral, 1841.
^ Richard Tomlinson (1827–1871). See Walter Montgomery (actor).
^ Glyn Cothi Tomos (1766–1833). See THOMAS EVANS,
^ Thomas Tompion (1639–1713), 'father of English watchmaking; freeman of the ClockmakerR* Company, 1671; made clocks for Royal Observatory, 1676; under direction of Robert Hooke made one of the first English watches with balance spring, 1675: patented the cylinder escapement with Houghton and Barlow, 1695: made barometers and sundials for William III, and clock in Pump-room, Bath, 1709, still in working order;left English watches and clocks the finest in the world
^ Richard Tompson (d. 1693?), printseller.
^ Peter Toms (d. 1777), painter and herald: painted drapery for Sir Joshua Reynolds and others; Portcullis pursuivant, 1746; original R.A., 1768.
^ Laurence Tomson (1539–1608), politician, author, and transcriber; demy and fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; M.A., 1664; accompanied Sir Thomas Hoby to France, 1566; M.P., Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 1575-87, Downton, 1588-9; travelled extensively and knew many languages; employed by Walsingham; author of theological and commercial works.
^ Richard Tomson (. 1588), mariner; traded in the Mediterranean; sailed to Algiers to ransom those captured in his &hip Jesus, 1583; corresponded with Walsingham and Robert Cecil; fought against the Armada, 1588.
^ Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763–1798), United Irishman: son of Peter Tone, Dublin coachmaker: entered Trinity College, Dublin, 1781: nearly expelled: eloped with Matilda Witherington and neglected his studies; B.A., 1785: entered Middle Temple as student, 1787, and was joined by a younger brother; forwarded to Pitt scheme for a military colony in tin- South Si. which was l.-ft umiot'icr.1; MlM t Iri-h l-iir. 1789; toou turned his attention to poir.; Review of the Conduct of Administration 1790, in. arniiiniiiixthe u'ovrruuiL'nt;uj'l;i.--ert jM'iidi-iu-e; became au unlrnr Argument on behalf of the catholic.: of In-hm.l 17ul. to promote union of dissenters with cal government; joined Belfast volunteer*: fmuidul iih Russell and Tandy club of United Irishmen In became assistant-secretary to the Catholic Committee, 1702; took active part in agitation and in great catholic convention in Tu.lor.- 1 Hull: accompanied delegation to present petition to George III; suspension of contrary to his hopes, 1793; was voted 1.600. and gold medal; compromised himself with William Jackson (1737 ?-1705), the French spy, 1794, and was allowed by government to sail for America, 1796; went to runs 1706, to promote French expedition against Ireland; made chef-de-brigade and adjutant-general by Hoche; took part in Hoche's expedition, which never effected a landing, and in another nn.i.-r Dutch mispices, which never started, 1797; finally accompanied small expedition under Hardy in the Hoche, which.-truck to Borlase off Lough Swilly; was tried by court-martial, condemned to death, and being refused a soldier's execution committed suicide; wrote Journals
^ William Theobald Wolfe Tone (1791–1828), soldier; son of Theobald Wolfe Tone; educated by the French republic; entered the French army ami fought in Germany, 1813; author, and editor of his father's writings.
^ William Tong (1662–1727), presbyterian divine: minister at Chester, Knutsford, Coventry, and at Saltern Hall Court, Cannon Street, London: maintained orthodoxy on the Trinity in conferences, 1718-19; successful preacher; Williams and Barnes trustee, and distributor of the regium donum; published A Defence of Mathew Henry, with a History of Nonconformity 1693, and other works.
^ Israel Tonge or Tongue (or Ezerel) (1621-1680), divine and ally of Titus Oates; B.A. University College, Oxford, 1643; left Oxford to avoid bearing arms for Charles I; returned and was made fellow, 1648; rector of Pluckley, 1649; D.D., 1656; fellow of Durham College, 1656-9; chaplain at Dunkirk, 1660-1; after other moves and changes became rector of St. Michael's, Wood Street, London, St. Mary Stayning, London, and Aston, Herefordshire; made acquaintance with Titus Oates, 1676, and became his willing dupe; worked up Oates's inventions into narrative of the Popish plot 1678; communicated with Danby and had interviews with Charles II; prevailed on Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey to take down Oates's depositions, and inaugurated the reign of terror; withdrew, however, from association with Oates, but gave evidence in the House of Commons, 1679; wrote numerous diatribes against the Jesuits.
^ Thomas Tonkin (1678–1742), Cornish historian; of Queen's College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; lived on his Cornish estates; collected topographical and genealogical information, and projected a history of Cornwall.
^ Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna (1790–1846), miscellaneous writer: nte Browne: married Captain Phelan, and secondly, Lewis Hippolytiw Joseph Tonua q. v.; edited protestant magazines: wrote anti-catholic tracts and Orange songs, including The Maiden City and No Surrender and many other works.
^ Lewis Hippolytus Joseph Tonna (1812-1867), author; naval schoolmaster, and later secretary to Royal United Service Institution; published ultraprotestant works.
^ John Tonneys, Toneys, Toney (d. 1510?), grammarian; D.D. Cambridge, 1502: provincial of Austin friars; wrote Rudimenta Grammaticae and other works.
^ Jacob Tonson (1656?–1736), publisher; set up business at the Judge's Head, Chancery Lane, London, 1677; purchased copyright of Paradise Lost; was much associated with Dryden; published many of his plays and other pieces, the Miscellany hi* translation of VirgU, 1697, andThe Fables 1699; moved to Gray's . Holland, 1703, and published f Italy 170*; publis his published Dryiien's 1707, verses by Pop. In sixthMkeeai. 1709; moved to Uw joint-publisher with Buckley of Uie 1711; published Addison'sOato ITU; I. LI..,.-.:...;.;:.. *o:,........--...,;. r. Tickell's Iliad 1711; stock and Law's Mississippi to public offices, 1710; - !T " ... ,;. r.made large fortone by Sooth Sea :....-,; s.-v.r;,! vl,l,r.itol Aork-, BMtad M H Lovers and Pope's Shakespeare 17M.
^ Jacob Tonson (d. 17r,7), publisher : _ of Jacob Tonsoo (1666 ?-1736); paid Warburton 6001. for editing Shakespeare, 1747; eulogised by Dr. Johnson.
^ Richard Tonson ('.1 775), M.P., Wallingford, 1747, New Windsor, 1768; brother of Jacob Tonson (d. 1767) IrlL 181
^ Cuthbert Tonstall (1474-1M9X ). See Cuthbert Tunstall.
^ Andrew Tooke (1673–1782), master of the London Charterhouse; educated at Charterhouse: scholar of Hare Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1697: uber at Charterhouse, 1695; Gresham professor of geometry, 1704-29: F.1LS., 1701; master, 1728-:::; published mainly translations.
^ George Tooke (1693–1675), soldier and writer: took part in unsuccessful expedition under Sir Kdward Cecil, viscount Wimbledon against Cadiz, 1628.and wrote an account, The History of Cales Parsion 1662 (in prose and verse); resided on bis estate of Popes, Hertfordshire; intimate with Selden and Hales; author also of The Legend of Britamart 1C46, and other works.
^ John Horne Tooke (1736–1812), politician and philologist; son of a poulterer named Home; lost sight of one eye fighting with a schoolfellow; senior optime and B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1758; entered Inner Temple; incumbent of chapel of ease, Brentford. 1760, but being unsuited to clerical duties travelled abroad as tutor to son of John Elwes; returning, wrote The Petition of an Englishman violently defending Wilkes, 1765: travelled abroad sgain as tutor; abandoned clerical dress; made acquaintance with Wilkes and Sterne and visited Voltaire; supported Wilkes at the Middlesex election, 1768; accused George Onslow (17J11792) of selling an office and was fined 4A. by Lord Mansfield (verdict set aside on appeal); organised Society for supporting the Bill of Right*: supposed author or part author of addresses to George III, 1770; quarrelled with Wilkes, and seceding formed the Constitutional Society, 1771; resigned his living, 177S; was summoned before the House of Commons on account of violent attack on the speaker, Norton, but escaped punishment, 1774: fined ami impriMuied for publishing resolution to raise a subscription for American colonist*, 1778; refused admission to the bar: Inherited oome fortune from his father and livel in London, giving famous suppers and engaging i" Hiticul discussions: added name of his friend, William Tooke. to his own, 1782: published "Ewa wTtpoTa, or the Diversions of Pnrley 1786 and 1798, which established his reputation as a philologist; joinedSociety for Constitutional Information 1780: supported reform and Pitt against 1788publishedTwo Pair of Portrait* contrasting the Pittsand the Foxes; contested Westminster against Pox, 1790; tried for high treason, 1794, but acquitted; hostile to the whig aristocracy: contested Westminster again unsuccessfully, 1796; returned for OKI Sarum, 1801, but act was passed declaring clenryim-n Ineligible for scaUin House ofCommons: receive much soci.-ty at his boose at Wimbledon, Including Thurlmv. Erskiue, Bentbam, Coleridge, Paine, Godwin, and others: the shrewdest of the Wilkes agitators, and an old-fashioned radical, who appealed to Magna Charta, but ridiculed therights of man" His philology, with reference to which subject he emphasised the necessity = t hie and Anglo Saxon, was intended to subserve a nominalism oybc
^ Thomas Tooke (1774–1868), economist ; son of William Took.- ri74-lK20); follower of Ricardo, Hornrr. nrvl Hiiki*raii. and supporter of report of bullion .-,.. IHIO:. il 1.-I.M Tl.wii'hH aii.l I*-t:iiN on the Hiidi an.l Low Price* of the last Thirty Years 1823, and oilier pamphlet* combating Tiew that fall of prices WM rolt of return to- cash payment*; published the Htotory of Prices 1838-57; opposed tbe c... theory* and tl* act of 1844; published Enqiury into tin: Currency Principle 1844: free-trader and nartrfoniidt-r of the Political RoonomyCiuh, 1821; F.U.S., l2l: poudant de 1'Instltut de France,
^ William Tooke 17H 1820), historian of Russia: chaplain of the Enid tab church at Cronstadt, 1771, and at St. Petersburg, 1774; published, among other works, A History of Rumia from Rurik to... Catherine II 1800 and other books on Russia: edited the New and General Biographical Dictionary 1798.
^ William Tooke (1777–1863), president of the Society of Arts; son of William Tooke( 1744-1 820): solicitor; took prominent part in formation of St. Katharine's Docks, 1825, and in foundation of the London University. 1823, and Royal Society of Literature: F.R.S., Win: president of the Society of Arte, 1862; M.P., Truro, 1832-7; compiled a work on tbe Monarchy of France 1846.
^ William Tooker or Tucker (1568?–1621), divine; educated at Winchester College: fellow of New College, Oxford, 1577; M.A., 1583; D.D., 1694; archdeacon of Barnstaple; chaplain to Queen Eliabeth: rector of Kilkhampton, West Dean, and Clovelly; dean of Lichfield, 1605; published Charisma sive Doimm Sanationis 1587, vindicating royal power of curing king's evil, and other works.
^ Hugh Tootel (1672–1743).
^ Richard Topcliffe (1532–1604), persecntor of Roman catholics: M.P. for Beverley, 1572, and Old Sarum.1586: hunted out popish recusants and Jesuits: topclifflzare ued in court language for hunting a recusant, derived from bis name; racked prisoners in his own bouse: cruelly treated Robert Southwell (1561 ?-1595) , and was imprisoned; Included in commission against the Jesuits, 1593; Imprisoned again, 1594-5: engaged In torturing gipsies and others, 1596-71: obtained the Fltzberoerts house at Pacjley.
^ Edward Topham (1761–1820), journalist and play-writer; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; travelled abroad and in Scotland: published 'Letters from Edinburgh 1778; entered life-guards; wrote tory Address to Edmund Burke on Affairs In America 1777; associated with Borne Tooke, Wilkes, and Sheridan; wrote several popular epilogues; producedDeaf Indeed 1780,The Pool 17H6, and other plays: started The World dally paper, 1787, to which he contributed The Schools and Life of the late John Elwes: tried for libelling the third Earl of Cowper, but eventually acquitted, 1791; satirised by Gillray and other caricaturist*.
^ Francis William Topham (1808–1877), watercolour painter; began life as an engraver: exhibited water-colour* at the Royal Academy, 1832, and elsewhere, chiefly scenes of Irish and Welsh peasant life; one of Dickenssplendid stroller* 1850: painted Spanish subjects after a visit to Spain, 1854-9, and Italian scenes, 1864; died at Cordova.
^ John Topham (1746–1803), antiquary; of Lincoiuv inn: deputy- keeper of state papers, 1781, and cornmUnioner in bankruptcy, 1783; bencher of Cray's Inn, 1787; treasurer of Society of Antiquaries, 1787: librarian to archbishop of Canterbury; edited Rotuli Parliauientorum(1278-1503), 1767-77, Fortescue's and Glanville's works, and published various papers.
^ Thomas Topham ( 1710?-1,749), ' tbe strong man ' : son of a carpenter; innkeeper; performed various feateof strength in London. Ireland, and the provinces; stabbed his wife and killed himself.
^ Augustus Montague Toplady (1740–1778), divine; educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Dublin: B.A., 17oi; in-ii T irtc'nt of Broad Hembury, 1768; pobltahed Rock of Ages in the Gospel Mngazine 1775; * "The Historic Proof of tbe Doctrinal Calvinism i of the Church of England 1774, andThe Scheme of Christian and Philosophical Necessity asserted 1775, and engaged in violent controversy with Wesley.
^ William Topley (1841–1894), geologist: assisted I in survey of the Weald, 1M2, and prepared memoir, 1875; contributed various papers toQuarterly Journal of the Geological Society surveyed formations in north of Kniland and Sussex; worked at the survey office, London, from 1880; secretary of various societies; F.H.S., IHHH.
^ Edward Topsell (i. 1638?), divine and author; , of Christ's College, Cambridge; rector of East Hoathly, 1596; perpetual curate of St. Botolph, Alders-gate, London, 1604; held several other preferment*: published The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes 1607, and The Historic of Serpents 1608, and religious works.
^ Sir Richard Torkington (. 1518), EnirlMi priest and pilgrim: rector of Mnlberton, 1511; travelled to the Holy Land and back through Italy, 1517-8, and wrote an account, published, 1883.
^ Barons Torphichen . See SANDILANDS, JAMES, first BAHON,. 1579; SANDILANDS, JAMES, seventh BAKON, d.1753.
^ Nathaniel Torporley (1564–1632), mathematician; B.A. Christ Chnrch, Oxford, 1584; M.A. Bragenone College, Oxford, 1591; rector of Salwarpe and of Liddington; patronised by ninth Earl of Northumberland: secretary to Francois Viete of Foutenay, mathematician; published Diclides Coelometricae 1602.
^ William Torr (1808–1874), agriculturist ; farmed at Riby, North Lincolnshire: raised famous breeds of Leicester sheep, thorough-bred ponies, and shorthorn cattle: elected to council of Royal Agricultural Society, 1857; judge of live-stock in England and abroad.
^ James Torre (1649–1699), antiquary and genealogist; belonged to old Lincolnshire family: B.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1669; studied at tbe Inner Temple: published Antiquities Ecclesiastical of tbe City of York 1691, and compiled English Nobility and Gentry
^ Torrens Sin ARTHUR WELLESLEY (1809–1855), major-general: son of Sir Henry Torrena; page of honour to Prince Regent; lieutenant, grenadier guards, 1825; fought against rebels in Canada, 1838; commanded 23rd royal Welsh fusiliers in Barbados: commanded infantry brigade at Alma and Balaclava; distinguished himself and was wounded at Inkerman, 1854: received thanks of parliament; promoted major-general and K.C.B., 1854; died at Paris.
^ Sir Henry Torrejts (1779–1828), major-general : entered the army, 1793; took part with 63rd foot in expedition under Abercromby against St. Lucia and St. Vincent, 1796, and in campaigns in Portugal, 1798, and Netherlands, 1799, being wounded at Egmont-op-Zee: commanded Surrey rangers in Nova Scotia, 1800-1, and 68th foot during Maratha war; took part in disastrous attack on Buenos Ayres, 1807: accompanied Wellesley as military secretary to Portugal, 1808, ami was present at battles of Rolia and Vimeiro; received Portugnese decorations; military secretary to commauder-in-chlef, 1809; aide-de-camp to Prince Regent, 1812: major-general, 1814: K.C.B., 1815: adjutant-general of the forces, 1820; revised Infantry regulations.
^ Henry Whitelock Torrehb (1806–1852), Indian civil servant: von of Sir Henry Torrens; educated at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1828; clerk In foreign office; obtained writership in Indian civil service; assistant to collector of Meernt, 1829; secretary to board of customs at Calcutta, 1840; acreut to governor-general of Murshidabad, 1847: published one volume of an excellent translation of the 'Arabian Nights 1838, and other work*.
^ Robert Torrens (1780–1864), political economist: cousin of Sir Henry Torrens; as captain in royal marines defended Isle of Anholt against the Dutch, 1*11; colonel of Spanish legion in Peninsular war: colonel, 1837; published * An Essay on the External Corn Trade 1815, andAn Essay on the Reduction of Wealth 1821; one of the first economists to attribute production of wealth to land, labour, and capital: Influenced Vixl and Kicardo; advocated colonisation of South Au-tr.,ii... und; book on the subject, 1H36; editor of tbe Traveller and ilobu K.i
^ Torreh 8. -in Kol'.KUT HICHA! son of Robert Torren* fq. T.: first premier of South Australia; of Trinity College, Dublin: emigrated to South Australia, lH4u; premier and colonial treeearer, 1857: author of Torrent Actto nuU-tliuu public registration for the old conveyancing system, IMS; r.-r:..! t Kiigland: M.P.. Cambridge, 1868; .: wrote pamphlets dttillug with Torrau
^ William Torrbns Torrens McCCI.T. v,n -. ). politician and author: B. A.. 1832, an i I.I..1-. 194). politlf Dublin. 1843: ca 184*: lied to Irish bar. 1836, and on lrih
^ Totington or TOTTINGTON. (1135-1211).
^ Totne 8, EARL or (1555–1629). Bes Oa*cw.
^ Anth Toto of Florence, aod popd of Obtriendajo; brooyhti Und by Ptetro Torrigtaao; executed work tor Henry VIII; naturalised, 143*; appointed tT)eni IM1.74J M), pabtiaher: carried on (. 1518-1MS), painter; nativr :.:..... -. -...- If i. ,1441.
^ Tottel Ill' liness at The Hand and :!! SJfSJ;,,..,.-:.,:,,: of UK hUUonoV Com msatii 167H and 1584: alto MoreV Dialogue of CV .,: IT -.,,-.- I:;. - m .:v.r....,loi:. r .!. ;,..:.. : joined Anti-Cornlaw Leagiie, and published
^ TOTTENHAM. CHARLEft (1684-17*81 Irish poJIti Tbe IndurtriaT History of Free Nation. 184T M.P.. d. fMo, Roes:; Vk I Sty mUe. Cine Dundalk, 1847-62, Yarmouth, 1857, Pinsbury, 1864-84; night to parliament, and gave casting vote against hand independent liberal; supported legislation for ameliora- lng er Irish surplus to England, 1711; sheriff of oo. tlon of condition of ttc poor: published Memoirs of Wexford, 1737. rrr no " 7 HWOT * "-""M 1 - ****.**,*.*,..-*
^ Pietro Torejoiano (1472–1522), sculptor and rj chapUuTto CfcUieruY draughtsman; born at Florence; one of tlie artists pro- VJ 7ft J_j i xc i Ol i ei i by parliament from tocted by Lorenzo deMedici: broke Michelangelo's nose -hi a quarrel and was banished: became soldier in papal army and fought at Garigliano, 1503; returned to Florence aod became one of the best sculptors there; came to England and executed Henry VI IV tomb in Westminster Abbey and that of tbe CountoH of Richmond, also the altar at te head of Henry VII's tomb, dest royal in 1641; later settled at Seville and executed work* there, including a Madonna and Child for the Duke dAreas, and which, disappointed with the payment received, he dashed to pieces; was sentenced to death for sacrilege to title; published Historical Collections 1674. and imprisoned; said to hare starred himself to death in prison: Henvenuto Cellini refusal to accompany him to England because of his Injury to Michelangelo.
^ James Touchet , seventh HARMS Arnurr (1465?1497), descended from Adam de Aodley, temp. Henry I: - as baron. 1491; K.U., 1475; Henry VII in French expelition, 14W; led rebellion, 1497; defeated at BUi khtsuh, captun
^ Jam Touchet rl, DAIIOJC AuniJtv capuired, and behraded. i AVKx(16l7?-1684), bin . Iv S ii. 69 See HK
^ Eahl Torbinoton ov (1647–1716). See Arthur Herbert
^ Torr 1HOTON, VISCOUXT (1663-1 73J). See BYNG, GEORGE
^ Patrick Torry (1783–1852), bishop of St. Andrews, Dunkeld, and Dunblane; onlalned prkxt of Scottish episcopal church, 1783: assistant, 1789, and sole pastor, 1791-1837, of congregation at Peterhcad; bishop of Dunkeld, 1808 till death: received style of bishop of united dioceses of St. Andrews, Dunkeld, an.1 Dunblane. 1844; pablinhed, 1850, Prayer-book which claimed to be embodiment of usages of tbe episcopal church of.Scotland, and occasioned much opposition, led by Charles Wordsworth: hi* Prayer-book was ceusured by Scottish episcopal synod and suppressed.
^ Samuel Torshell or Torshel (1604-16*0), puritan divine; rector of Banbury, Oxfordshire: tutor to Charles I's two younger children; preacher at Cripplegate; author of religious works.
^ Tostig, TOBTZ, or T08TIHU8 (d. 1066), earl of the Northumbrians; wi of Earl Godwin, whose banishment he shared in Flanders, 1051: married Judith, daughter of Count Baldwin IV of Flanders; returned to England, 1052: made Earl of Northumbria. Northampton-hirfi, and Huntinploiiihirc by K njle-l with verity: sent Malcolm III of Scotland help against Macbeth: benefactor to church at Durham; went to Rome, 1061, and pleaded cause of Aklred: joined Humid in invading Wales, 1061; treach.: murdered two thegra and Gospatric, a noble, 1064: -1 an outlaw by the tbegus, Morcar M earl inctead, 1065, and his deposition eldest son of second earl; instrument*! in bringing father to justice for unnatural offence*, 1631; created llaron Audley of Hely, 1633, forfeit*! by his father fot felony; travelled to Home; joined Charles I at Berwick. 1639; offered hi* service* to government on outbreak of . Irish rebellion, 1641. but his offer declined, be bring a Honum catholic; hesitated to join Ormonde at battle of Kilnub, 1642, aod was imprisoned on charge of high If) - MBJ; SjSjSSlBjfl BjSjl. Bjsj urn,, of.-on:.-.J.-r:it.-:.f... -. and performed brilliant and useful services; promoted cessation in Ireland; present at siege and rendition of Duucannon, 1645, but failed to take Yoognal; joined Ormonde on refusal of O'Neill and nuncio to accept peace nude with tbe confederates, 1646, and advised makuik terms with parliament rather than tbe council; fought under Prince Rupert at Landrecies; attended Charles I queen and the prince of Wales at 8U Germain: retained M ith Ormonde, to Ireland, 1648; appointed general of the horse to reduce fortress holding out for O'Neill, 1649: shared Ormonde's defeat at lUtbmlnes, 1619; threw flf teen hundred men Into Wexfonl and forced Ireton to raise siege of Duncannon; appointed oommamler of LslnstSf forces; cnpuml Athy, 1650, but failed to relieve Teeroglmn; on departure of )rmonde chief of Mt being chosen ster and Clare, but failed to oreveut orogm* of Cromwell's forces or capitulation of Limerick, 1651; left for France; served under Condc at fight In Faubourg su-Aiitolne: taken prisoner by Torrnoe at Comerry: linilllMllilnl su Irish regimen part in various sieges, and (1658) in battle of the Danes: returned to England at Restoration: served in several naval actions against tbe Dutch. 1665-7, ami landed two thousand four hundred recruit* at osteud; pressot at battle of Soicf, 1674: commanded Spanish foot, 1676: Krrval at Maastricht and Charirrol, and was present at battle before Mon*. 1678; poblwhed Memoirs 1680.
^ Camilla Dufour Toulmin, afterwards MK. XT.WTUX CIMIM. (1K12-1894). mUceUaneoas writer: coflVmed"b7 Edwird, who, it is..Id. waspewuiled by contribute.1 to DeriodtoO.: publl.brt Harold; was forced to go into exile, and retired to Plan- Landmarks of a Llterar Lite.. ***. ders; on death of Edward, 1066, ravaged Isle of the east coast, and Lindesey, but being driven off retired , to Malcolm in Scotland; joined Harold Hardrada and accompanied invaders Edwin and Morcar; by Harold and killed. to York, where ther defeated vanquished at Stamford Bridge
^ Joshua Toulmin mr. JOSHUA 1740-l8l5).dlseiiUns; biographer: presbyterian ministsr of Colyton, 1 Tannton. 17tt5: excited bostiUty b hi* Soci awl Tunton, 1764; excited hostility J61. views and liberal founder of the Western Unitarian Society, 1792; minister of tbe New Meeting Birmingham, 1803; author of iiimnT,m works, includ:r.s... of Faust us Sivinus 1777, Life... of John Biddle, 1789, and edition of N nil's - History r.-riuius. 1 1793-7.
'^ Joshua Smith Toulmin (1816–1869). See Smith
^ Jonathan Toup (or JOANNES) (1713-1 785), phUologer and classical editor; educated at Exeter College, r.l; M.A., 1756; curate successively of Philleigh, 1736, and of Iluryan, 1738; rector of St. Martin's-by-Looe, 1760-85; published Kmendationes in Suidain 17(50-6, followed by an "Epistola Criticato Warburton, 1767, ami Cune uovissimsB... in Suidnui 1775; contributed notes to Vartons Theocritus 1770, and published further emendations in Cnrae Posteriores 1772; produced a famous edition ofLonginus containing numerous rmr-.nlations, 1778; contributed notes to Sammet's 'Kpistolro* of Machines, 1771, and Shaw's Apolloniin Khoditu 1779, and other works; friend and correspondent of Warburton and Hurd; prebendary of Exeter, 1774, and vicar of St. Merryn, 1776.
^ Dukes Op Touraine . See DOUOLAS, ARCHIBALD, first DUKE, 1369 ?-1424; DOUGLAS, ARCHIBALD, second DUKE, 1391?-1439; DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, third DUKB. II23V-14W.
^ Simon of Tournay (. 1180–1200), schoolman: supposed to have been native of Cornwall; established himself at Paris by 1180, and was regent of arts; follower of Aristotle, and hence accused of heresy; three volumes of his lectures extant at Oxford in the Balliol and Merton MSS.
^ Cyril Tourneur, Turneur or Turner (1575?-1626), dramatist; published The Revenger's Tragsedie 1607, a work of great tragic intensity; author of The Atheists Tragedie 1611, and other plays and works, including panegyric of Sir Francis Vere; was employed in the Netherlands, and served as Sir Edward Cecil's secretary in the unsuccessful Cadiz expedition, 1625; was disembarked among the sick in Ireland, and died there. His Plays and Poems were edited by John Churton Collins, 1878.
^ Berthold Tours (1838–1897), musician and musical editor; organist; chief editor of Novello, Ewer & Co., and composer of services and songs.
^ Stephen De Tours (d. 1193).
^ De Blossiers Tovey (1692–1745), author of Anglia Judaica B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1712; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and M.A., 1715; barrister, Inner Temple, 1717; D.C.L. Oxford, 1721; vicar of Embleton; principal of New Inn Hall, Oxford, 1732-45; published Anglia Judaica 1738.
^ Tovey -TENNENT, HAMILTON (1782–1866), soldier; lieutenant, Bombay service, 1798; fought against the Mahrattos; wounded at Blmrtpore, 1805; secretary to Mouutstuart Elphinstoue; governor of Bombay; lieutenant-colonel, 1824.
^ John Towers (d. 1649), bishop of Peterborough; fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1608; M.A., 1606; D.D. per litteras regias, Oxford, 1624; held numerous preferments; dean of Peterborough, 1630; prebendary of Westminster, 1634; bishop of Peterborough, 1639; supporter of the royal prerogative; follower of Laud; signed the bishops' protest, 1641, and was imprisoned by the parliament.
^ John Towers (1747?-1804), independent preacher; brother of Joseph Towers; wrote against Martin Madan.
^ Joseph Towers (1737–1799), biographer; edited the British Biography 1766-72; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh 1779: joint-editor of Biographia Britannica 1778-93; dissenting minister at Highgate nnd elsewhere, and published a history of Frederick III of Prussia, 1788.
^ Joseph Lomas Towers (1767?–4831), Unitarian minister and author; son of Joseph Towers Ivii. H
^ William Towers (1617?–1666), divine; son of John Towere (d. 1649); M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1641; B.D., 1646; prebendary of Peterborough, 1641.
^ Gabriel Towerson (d. 1623), captain and agent for East India Company; made several voyages to India, and commanded the Hector; visited Batavia and Amboyna, 1622; tortured and killed with others by the Dutch at Amboyna.
^ Gabriel Towerson (1635?–1697); divine and theological writer; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, lr,:.7: fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1660; rector of Welwyn and St. Andrew Undershaft; D.D. Lambeth, 1678; author of theological works and verses.
^ William Towerson (fl. 1555–1577), merchant and navigator; made three voyages to the Guinea coast, 1555, 1556, and 1557.
^ Matthew Towgood (fl. 1710–1746), minister; cousin of Michaijah Towgood.
^ Michaijah Towgood (1700–1792), dissenting minister; pastor successively at Moreton Hampsttsui, Crediton, and Exeter; of high Arian principles; published the Dissenting Gentleman's Letters 1746-8, and other works.
^ Richard Towgood (1595?–1683), dean of Bristol; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1618; B.D., 1633; master of the grammar school, College Green, Bristol; vicar of All Saints, 1619, and St. Nicholas, Bristol, 1626; chaplain to Charles I; sequestered, 1645; imprisoned and sentenced to death; later rector of Tortworth, and at Restoration returned to St. Nicholas; prebendary of Bristol, 1660, aud dean, 1067; chaplain to Charles II aud vicar of Weare.
^ Charles Towne (d. 1850?), artist; exhibited at Royal Academy and Liverpool Academy; painted landscapes and animals.
^ Francis Towne (1740–1816), landscape-painter.
^ John Towne (1711?–1791), controversialist; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1736; vicar of Thorpe-Ernald, 1740; archdeacon of Stowe, 1785; prebendary of Lincoln; rector of Little Paunton; author of controversial works.
^ Joseph Towne (1808–1879), modeller; gained Society of Arts gold medal for models of the brain in wax, 1827; constructed over a thousand models of anatomical preparations at Guy's Hospital, London, and lectured there on organs of the senses; sculptured also busts and statues.
^ Charles Towneley or Townley (1737–1805), collector of classical antiquities; succeeded to his father's estate of Townley, 1742; educated at Douay College; visited Italy and made collections mostly of marbles ami terra-cotta reliefs, which he placed at 7 Park Street, Westminster; collection purchased after his death by the British Museum.
^ Christopher Towneley (1604–1674), antiquary; called The Transcriber; attorney: transcribed public records for projected history of Lancashire.
^ Francis Towneley (1709–1746), Jacobite ; entered service of French king and distinguished himself at siege of Phillipsburg; made colonel by Louis XV to raise forces in England for Prince Charles Edward; joined Prince Charles Edward at Manchester, 1745, and accompanied him to Derby and back to Carlisle; captured there on surrender of town to Duke of Cumberland, and executed.
^ John Towneley (1697–1782), translator of Hudibras into French; brother of Francis Towneley; entered Gray's Inn, 1715; distinguished himself at siege of Phillipsburg; assisted Prince Charles Edward in Scotland, 1745; returned to Paris; translated Hudibras into French verse, 1757.
^ Sir Charles Townley (1713–1774), Garter king-of-arms; York herald in College of Arms, 1735; knighted at George III's coronation, 1761; Garter principal king-of-arms 1773.
^ James Townley (1714–1778), author of 'High Life Below Stairs - IH-IOA si.i r of Sir Charles Townley; of Merchant Taylors' School au.l .-,, Oxford; M.A. 17::*; tl.ml unlTinater at Merchant Taylors Uui-lnn, 17 IH 53; grammar-master at master at Merchant Taylors 1760; n-vivwl.lr:.in;itic performances at Merchant Taylors produced Hu'h Life below Stairs at Drury LAM, London, 1769, and other farces: held living of St BeaetV, Grtcechurch Street, London, Hendon. and other preferi u't i - IviL lUl j
^ James Townley (1774–1833), Wesleyan divine; minister, 1796; D.D. Princeton, 1832: secretary of Wesjin ICMflMerBooMg ! pceeflenl Wesleyan Conference, 1829; published religious works.
^ Aurelian Townsend (fl. 1601–1643), poet; to Robert Cecil; friend of Ben Jonson and Herbert; accompanied Herbert on a tour abroad, 1608; enjoyed high literary reputation at court of Charles I; became composer of court masques, 1631, and wrote Albion Triumph and Tempe Restored 132; granted from arrest for debt, 1645; lyrics by him in
^ Georqe Townsend (1788–1857), author; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1816; curate successively of Littleport, Hackney, and Farnborongh; professor at Sandhurst, 1816; published Oedipus Romanus in reply to Drummond's Oedipus Judaicus 1811, The Old Testament arranged in Historical and Chronological order 1821. and The New Testament arranged in Historical and Chronological order 1826; prebendary of Durham, 1825-67; held livings in Durham diocese; went to Rome to convert Pope Pius IX, 1860.
^ George Henry Townsend (d. 1869), compiler; nephew of George Townsend; author of Russell's History of Modern Europe epitomised 1867, and other works; edited Men of the Tune 1868; committed suicide.
^ Isaac Townsend (d. 1766), admiral ; commanded various ships and in the Shrewsbury took part in the reduction of Cartagena, 1741; admiral of the blue, 1747; as governor of Greenwich Hospital had custody of Admiral John Byng; senior admiral, 1762.
^ John Townsend (1757–1826), founder of the London Deaf and Dumb Asylum; independent minister nt Kingston and Berutoudsey: founded at Bermondscy deaf and dumb asylum, 1792; assisted In establishing the Londou Missionary Society, 1794; published religious work.-.
^ Joseph Townsend (1739–181f.), geologist; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1766, and fellow; studied medicine at Edinburgh; travelled; became chaplain to Duke of Atholl and rector of Pewsey; author of The Physician's Vade Mecum 1781, The Character of Moses established 1812-15, and other works.
^ Townsend or Townesend(1618?-1692), parliamentary colonel; assisted in defence of Lyme Regis, 1644, and in siege of Pendennls Castle, 1646; took part in Inchiquin's victory over Taaffe, near Mallow, Ireland, 1647; deserted parliamentary cause with Inchiquin, but returned; went back to Ireland and engaged in plots to get possession of Youghal for Cromwell, 1649; M.P., Baltimore (Irish parliament) 1661; high sheriff of Cork, 1671; organised protestaut defence there, 1686; besieged and compelled to surrender to the Irish in his mansion at Castletownshend, 1690.
^ Richard Townsend (1821–1884), mathematician; M.A., Trinity College, Dublin, 1862: fellow, 1845, tutor, 1847; PJLS., 1866: appointed professor of natural philosophy at Dublin, 1870; published Chapters on tinModem Geometry of the I'oint, Line, and Circle between 1863 and 1865.
^ William Charles Townsend (1803–1860), historical and legal writer; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, issr: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1828: recorder of Macclesfleld, 1833: Q.C n 1860: works include The History... of the House of Commons 1843-4.
^ Charles Townshend abroad: though brought up a tury seceded to UM whig junto: supported religious liberty against Occasional -: -:..!::, i -,!...:,.. privy councillor, 1707; plenipotentiary to Keih 17.-.,..-...,: v.-i !.,!.,, vt-ntions guaranteeing the empire, 1710; recalled, 1711. on .:.:...:..-..; in negotiating harrier treaty; voted rj.lfftl:.;. of union: waa made secretary fori on acoeselon of George I; procured payneeter. generalship for Walpole: married Walpole's sister. 1713: concerned in proceedings against negotiators of Treaty of Utrecht, and showed promptitude and severity in tion of 1716; approved of Septennial Act; cowith btanbope in making definite i barrier treaty. 1716. and alliance with the emperor, 1716, but was arrived of OMmrtbM i:,!:.,;.,,.:.,.:,,! fcrftofftoMi prince of Wales on the throne: lost power by not l-umm: i i-i-ive I to Hanover, 1716, and by not Ireland, 1717, but again dismissed on not giving _ mi-lit full support: made president of council in Stanhope* administration, 1720. and on his death again secretary for northern department, 1721; his integrity untouched by the South Sea disclosures, and his patience and acumen shown in investigation of Layer and Atterbury plots: supported prerogative: obtained Bolingbroln's partial restitution; thwarted Oarteret's schemes by allying himself with the Duchew of Kendal, 1723; K.G., 1724; became dissatisfied with Austria and the quadruple alliance, and effected treaty of Hanover with France and Russia, 1726: forced emperor to separate from Spain, 1727: misted by spurious version of Austro-Spanish treaty, made subsidiary treaty with Duke of Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel; brought over the Hanoverian League to the side of Spain, and agreed to treaty of Seville, 1729, which iwvul the way for alliance between Spain and France and jeopardised peace of Europe: on king of Prussia declaring for the emperor, desired war, but was successfully opposed by Walpole and Queen Caroline: resigned, 1730; devoted himself at Halnham to agriculture.
^ Charles Townshend , third Viscount Townshend ( 1700–1764), eon of Charles, second viscount Townshcnd; lord of the bedchamber: lord-lieutenant of Norfolk, 1730-8; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 172J-J. chancellor
^ Charles Townshend (1724–1767), chancellor of the exchequer; second son of Charles, third viscount Townshend; educated with Wilkes and Dowdeswi-11 at Ix-yden; M.P. for Yarmouth, 1747-61; ejected for Harwich, 1761: opposed Hardwicke's Marriage Bill, 17tt: lord of the admiralty, 1764: resigned, 176*. and attacked Newcastle for employing German mercenaries; privj councillor, 1767; secretary-at-war, 1761: resigned, 1761, but became president of board of trade, 1768; i"*?** join Grenville's administration and went into opposition: made a great speech against legality of general *rranV and wrote pamphlet, 1764; became paymaster on i dismiacal of Fol765, and retained office through Rockingham's administration; chancellor of Chequer in Ob*. ham's ministry, 1766; opposed Chatham's India poUcv, and pledged himself to find a revenue In America, 17 made his famous * champagne speech, 1 67: suspendi legislative functions of New York assembly. 1767; ertftblished commissioners of custom, in America and port duties, but did not live to sec resulta. His eloquence wa 5 -" -;; jj*":,:":.: -..": l! ntk of principle. t lTU - 117 3
^ Charles Townshend, first Baron Bayning (1728-1810), son of William Townshend q. and CUre Hall, Cambridge: M.A., 1749: MJ 1761-84: lord of the admiralty, 176: held -_, and created Baron Bayning of FtwJey, 1797. ssssRsssfflaaa the Eton Society commonly called Pop, John's College, Cambridge, 1816. ; f op 1811;
^ Townshznd rHATXCKY HARK 17!s poet: M.A. Trinity Hall, Camhri.lL'e, 1M.M; ehanrelloi V iiKilallist for poeni Jerusalem l17: took holy orders; published Poems is:. 1 !, and otlier works.
^ George Townshend (1715–1760), admiral ; son of Charles Townslu-n.l. Hvond visi-oiuit Townnhend; *-rved in anl romnmnded various ships: present at j.otion off Toulon, 174; commanded squadron in cooperation with insurgent Corsicnus; drew off on teeing supposed French ships, and his conduct (1747) severely reprimanded: admiral, 1765.
^ George Townshend , fourth VISCOUNT and first MAi:grts TOWNSHKNM (1724-1807), son of Charles Townshfiid, thinl viscount Townshend; M.A. St. John's ollege, Cambridge, 1749; cnptiiin, 7th dragoons; joined Duke of Cumberland's army abroad; fought at Culloden, 1746, and Lanfeld, 1747; was appointed aide-de-camp; lieutenant-colonel, 1st foot guards, 1748, but retired owing to difference with Duke of Cumberland, 1750; supposed to liave inspired pamphlet severely criticising the duke's military capacity; brought in Militia Bill, 1757; created enemies by his caricatures; on retirement of Cumberland made colonel and aide-de-camp to George II; brigadierxeneral under Wolfe in Quebec expedition, 1759; commanded left whig on heights of Abraham, and on Wolfe's death took chief command, 13 Sept. 1759: accused of ingratitude towards Wolfe, and his conduct severely Criticised inA Letter to an Hon. Brigadier-General 1760: privy councillor, 1761; lieutenant-general of the ordnance, 1 763: became fourth Viscount Townsheud, 1764, and lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1767; resided there mid endeavoured to break down the government by undertakers; promised restriction of pension list, habeas forpus, and other boons, but met with great opposition, 1768; granted new peerages, places, and pensions; obtained prorogation of parliament, 1769; obtained majority by flagrant corruption and lowered his office; took to li3ipated habits; recalled, 1772; reappointed mastergeneral of the ordnance; created marquis, 1786; lordlieutenant of Norfolk, 1792; field-marshal, 1796.
^ George Townshend, second Marquis Townshend, Earl of Leicester, and Baron de Ferrars of Chartley (1755-1811), son of George Townshend, first marquis Townshend; captain of dragoons, 1773; created Earl of Leicester, 1784; master of the mint, 17901791: joint postmaster-general, 1794-9; lord steward of the household, 1799-1802; president of the Society of Antiquaries, 1784; F.R.S.; British Museum trustee.
^ George Ferrars Townshend, third Marquis Townshend (1778-1855), sou of George Townshend, second marquis Townshend; disinherited.
^ Hayward Townshend (d. 1601), author of Historical Collections (relating to the last four parliaments of Queen Elizabeth), published, 1680; B.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1595; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1601; M.P., Bishop's Castle, 1597 and 1601.
^ Sir Horatio Townshend , first VISCOUNT TwxsHKNi)(l:ji)?-1687), son of Sir Roger Towusheud first baronet: created M.A. Cambridge, 1645; M.P., Norfolk, 1659; member of council of state, 1659; active in procuring restoration of Charles II: one of the deputies sent to the Hague, 1660; created Baron Townshend, 1661; signed address for dissolution of parliament, 1675 created viscount, 1682,
^ Horatio Townshend (1750–1837), Irish writer; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1776; incumbent of Rossoarbery, co. Cork; published Statistical Survey of the unty of Cork 1810, and other works.
^ Sir John Townshend (1564–1603), soldier : son of Sir Roger Townsheud (1643 ?-1590)
^ John Townshend (1789–1845), colonel ; as captain of 14th light dragoons served throughout Peninsular war; brevet-major, 1819: served in America and India; aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria and colonel, 1841: HUCoeeded to Oastle Towushend entities, 1827.
^ Sir Roger Townshend (d. 1493), judge and winder of the Towashend family; governor of Lincoln's SVM, 6.Vo 14, 63 1465 and 1466: M - p " Bramber, 1467, Oalne, 1472; legal adviser to the Fusions, from whom he bought land: king's Serjeant, 1483; justice of the common pleas, r. 1484; knighted, 1486; served on various (munitions.
^ Sir Roger Townshend (1543?–1590), courtier, of Kast Hainham; of Trinity College, Cambridge; held I court offices under Queen Elizabeth; served against Armada and was knighted at sea.
^ Roger Townshend (1708–1760), cavalry officer : ; son of Charles Townshend, second viscount Townshend j; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1737-8-47, Eye, 1747-8; I aide-de-camp to George II at Dettiugeu, 1743.
^ Thomas Townshend (1701–1780), teller of the exchequer; son of Charles Townshcnd, second viscount Townshend; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1727; M.P., Winohelsea, 1722-7, Cambridge University, 1727-74; teller of the exchequer, 1727-80.
^ Thomas Townshend, first Viscount Sydney (1733-1800), statesman; son of Thomas Townshend (17011780); M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1753; M.P. for Whitchurch, Hampshire, 1754-83: clerk of the board of green cloth, 1760; dismissed, 1762; spoke against American mutiny bill, 1765; lord of the treasury under Rockingham: joint-paymaster of the forces iu PittGraf ton ministry, 1767, but resigned, 1768; remained in opposition and attacked North and the king's friends; war secretary in Rockiugham's administration, 1782; home secretary in Shelbnrue's; created Baron Sydney. 1783; home secretary again under Pitt, 1783; Sydney hi Australia named after him; disagreed with Pitt's India bill and slave regulation bill; resigned, 1789, and was created viscount, with 2,500. a year.
^ William Townshend (1702?-1738), son of Charles Townshend, second viscount Towushend; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1723-38.
^ Robert Townson, Tounson, or Toulson (1575-1621), bishop of Salisbury; M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1595, fellow, 1597; D.D. Oxford, 1613; held livings of Wellingborough and Old; royal chaplain and dean of Westminster, 1617; attended Ralegh to the scaffold; bishop of Salisbury, 1620-1.
^ Robert Townson (fl. 1796–1798), traveller and mineralogist; M.D. Gottinsren, 1795; chief work The Philosophy of Mineralogy 1798.
^ Thomas Townson (1715–1792), divine; matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, 1733; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1737, M.A., 1739, D.D., 1779; held living of Blithefield, and other preferments; archdeacon of Richmond, 1781; published theological works.
^ George Henry Towry (1767–1809), captain in the navy; served in various ships; captured theMinerve, 1795; commanded Diadem at Cape St. Vincent, 1797.
^ John Thomas Towson (1804–1881), scientific writer; watchmaker; invented means of photographing on glass and sensitive photographic papers; discovered the quickest route across the Atlantic to be by sailing the great circle: appointed scientific examiner of masters at Liverpool, 1850, and examiner in compasses; published 'Practical Information on the Deviation of the Compass and other works.
^ Humphrey Toy (1540?–1577), printer; son of Robert Toy; warden of the Stationers Company, 1571-3; printed Grafton's Chronicle 1569, and other works.
^ John Toy (1611–1663), author; M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1634; head-master of King's school, Worcester, c. 1643-63; vicar of Stoke Prior, 1641-63: publishedWorcesters Elegie and Eulogie 1638, and Quisquiliae Poetica? 1662.
^ Robert Toy (d. 1556), printer; benefactor of the Stationers Company.
^ Arnold Toynbee (1852–1883), social philosopher and economist; son of Joseph Toynbee: originally of Pembroke College, Oxford; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1878, and tutor; disciple of Thomas Hill Green ; studied economics; gave lectures on industrial problems to working-men audiences in London and elsewhere (published inIndustrial Revolution, 1884; intimate witii.Jn.v.-t:. (; r.-.-ii. an-l N. -trl.-!.i: si.ciaii-it..pi.s.si Henry Qeorfs'stlMorlti: hi*- 1 li.-voliitii.iipublished, 1*M. Toynbee Hall in Wl.it, chapel, London, was established In hi* memory. ;.. u
^ Joseph Toynbee (1816–1866), aura assisted Sir Ku-hard own ni F. !;... IM-J: r. !;.(.., IM:;-. s-.iri.-on t, St. JameVs and Bt George 1 ! Dispensary, IM.I-.I.; i mil in..... n tad turer at St. Mary Hospital, London, IMS: placed aoral surgery on firm bads: chief work, * The Disease* of the Kar
^ Aaron Tozer (1788–1884), captain in the navy; entered navy, 1HU1; wouuded at capture of French f riwaUii.l.,n, 1805: served at reduction of JI Indies, in Walcheren expedition, and In Mediterranean; severely wounded at ft t tuck on Casals, 1813; post -captain, 1830.
^ Henry Tozer 1602–1650), puritan royalist; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1626; B.D.. 1636; bursar and mhrector; imprisoned and expelled from his lectureship, 1648; lecturer at Carfax, Oxford; vicar of Yarnton: published religions works.
^ Richard Tracy (d. 1569), protestant reformer; son of William Tracy (d. 1530): B.A. Oxford, 1515: M.P., Wootton Bassett, 1529: wrote protestant treatises; employed in visiting monasteries in Gloucestershire; J.P., Gloucestershire, 1537: lost favour at Cromwell's fall and his books ordered to be burnt, 1546: published work on the sacraments, 1548; imprisoned, 1651-2: pnwecuted in Mary's reign; high sheriff for Gloucestershire, 1560-1.
^ Robert Tracy (1655–1735), judge: younger con of Rolert Trncy, second Viscount Tracy; Irish judi:e. 1699; baron of the exchequer in England, 1700: removed to common pleas, 1702; tried Jacobites at Carlisle, 1716.
^ William de Tracy (d. 1173), murderer of Thomas ( 1 Socket); had been Tlioiuns's man when chancellor; assisted in his murder at Canterbury Cathedral, 117u; surrendered himself to Pope Alexander III: set out for the holy hind, but dial at Coeenza, Sicily, from a horrible disease. He granted the manor of Doccombe to the chapter of Canterbury in expiation of his crime.
^ William Tracy (d. 1530), justice of the peace in the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII; adopted Luther's views and expressed his belief in the doctrine of justification by faith in a will which was pronounced heretical by convocation (1532), and became a sort of sacred text to the reformers.
^ John Tradescant (ft. 1637?), traveller, naturalist, and gardener; employed by Robert Cecil, earl of Salisbury, Lord Wotton, ami Duke of Buckingham: author (almost certainly) of A voiag of ambasad 1618, describing voyage under Sir Dudley Digges q. v. to ArrhaniM, and containing the earliest account extant of Russian plants; joined expedition of Sir Samuel Argall against Algerine pirates, 1620, and brought back, among other things, the Algier apricot: appears to have entered Charles I's service: established at South Lambeth his physic garden, the first in England.
^ John Tradescant (1608–1662), traveller and gardener; son of John Tradescant (d. 1637?): gathered flowers, plants, shells, etc. in Virginia for collection at Lambeth, 1637; succeeded his father as gardener to Charles I and his queen: ptiblislied Museum.
^ Bartholomew Traheron (1510?-1558?), Protestant writer; brought up by Richard Tracy; friar minorite; B.D. Cambridge, 1553; relinquished his habit; travelled abroad and joined Bullinger at Zurich, 1537; entered Cromwell's service, 1539, and escaped from court at his fall; joined Calvin at Geneva, 1546, and adopted Calvinism; M.P. 1548; strove unsuccessfully for 'unambiguous reformation of the Lord's Supper'; disputed with Hooper on predestination; made keeper of Edward VI's library, 1549, and tutor to Duke of Suffolk, 1550; contributed to Epigrammata Varia 1551; dean of Chichester, though not in orders, 1552; and made canon of Windsor; went abroad on Mary's accession; lectured at Frankfort and Wesel, and published controversial and other writings.
^ Robert Trail (1641–1716), presbyterian divine; distinguished blnttdf at Edinburgh University; exccpted from act of indemnity as b I'mtUml rebel 1667; joined his fattier and other exiles in Holland; minister at Cranbrook, 1670; subsequently minister in button; published A Vindication of the Protestant I from the unjust charge of Antinomianism 1692, and sermons.
^ Walter Trail (rf. 1401), bishop of St. Andrews; graduated with distinction at Tarts; doctor of civil and canon law; held church appointments in Scotland; referendarius at papal court; bishop of St. Andrews, 1385-1401; crowned Robert III, 1390, and exercised great influence in Scotland; ambassador to France, 1391.
^ Henry Duff Traill (1842–1900), author and journalist; of Merchant Taylors School and St. John's College, Oxford: B.A., 1865; RC.I*, 18C8: D.C.U 1873: barrister, Inner Temple, 1869: on staff of Pall Mall Gazette 1873-80, and St. James's Gazette 1880-1; contributed to Saturday Review; chief political leader writer on Daily Telegraph 1882-97: editor of the Observer 1889-91; first editor of Literature 1897 till death; works include Life of sir John Franklin,* 1896, 'XtimU-r Twenty 1M92,The New Fiction 1897 (eolIti-tions of essays), andThe New Lucian (a series of :Dead Dialogues of the 1 . MM,
^ Thomas Stewart Traill (1781–1862), professor of medical jurisprudence; M.D. Edinburgh, 1H02: appointed professor of medical jurisprudence, Edinburgh University, 1832; editor of eighth edition of Enryclopaedia Britannica; published scientific and medical works.
^ Joseph Train (1779–1852), Scottish antiquary and correspondent of Sir Walter Scott; labourer's son; served in militia, 1799-1802: obtained through his colonel post as excise officer: published Poetical Reveries 1806, and Strains of the Mountain Muse 1814, which attracted Sir Walter Scott's attention: corresponded with, and collected valuable materials for, Scott; supplied also information for Lockhart's Life of Burns and Chalmers's Caledonia; published Account of the Isle of Man 1845, and The Buchanites 1846.
^ Sir Nicholas Trant (1769–1839), brigadier-general in the Portuguese army; served with the 84th foot and Irish brigade; took part In expeditions to Minorca (1798) and Egypt; military agent in Portugal, 180S; nccompanii-1 Welk-sli-y with Portuguese corps and present at Rolica and Vimeiro: commanded Portuguese torn- and joined advance to the Douro; made governor of Oporto: captain in staff corps, 1809: gained sue PUSH over Massona during retreat to Torres Yt-dras, including Tradescantianum 1656; bestowed collection, which be- capture of five thousand prisoner- 1H10: knightomcamc famous, on Elias Ashrnole, 1659, who pre- I mander of the Tower and Sword, 1811; brevet-major, sented it to the university of Oxford, 1683. Among the i 1816. LlrfL 1 trees and shrubs introduced by him and his father were the lilac, acacia, and occidental plane.
^ Ah Car Adog Trahaearn (d. 1081), Welsh prince; ; ruler of greater part of North Wales; vanquished by Gruffydd al. yuan nnd Rhys ab Tewdwr, and slain at Mynydd Cam, South Cardiganshire.
^ John Montgomery Traherne (1788–1860), antiquary: M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1813; took orders. 1ML 1: F.K.S., 1823: F.8.A., 1838; chancellor of Llandaff.
^ John Trapp (1601–1669), divine; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1624; head-master of Stratford-oponAvon school, 1622; vicar of Weston-on-Avon. 1636; sided with the parliament, and rector of Welford, 1646-60; published commentaries on the bible, characterised by quaint humour and profound scholarship, and other works; a distinguished preacher.
^ Joseph Trapp (1679-1747), port and pamphleteer; grandson of John Trapp: fellow of Ool 1844; authority on Glamorganshire genealogies and I lege, Oxfonl, -. 17o3: M.A., 1702.(incorporated at :inha-ology, edite.1 -The stradling Correspondence bridge, 1714): contributed poems to Oxford collections: 18 10, and published other works. published translations andAbramate a play, 1704; first professor of poetry at Oxfonl, 17U8-18; published his lectures MPnetoottOMi 1'ivtiea- 1711, 1715, and 173(1; Sacheverel1 at his trial, 17l), and vn church tory tracts; chaplain to Sir Constantine Phipps, Irish lord-chancellor, 1711, and to Bolingbroke, 1712; wrote Peace, a Poem 1713; held several London lectureships and livings; published sermons, 1739; eiiraed in controvith dissenters and wrote against Roman catholics; DD. Oxford, 1728; president of Siou College; published translation of the Aeneis in blank verse, 1718-35, and other works.
^ Traquair, first Earl of (d. 1659). See John Stewart.
^ Benjamin Travers (1783–1858), surgeon ; studied under Sir Astley Paston Cooper; demonstrator of anatomy at Guy's Hospital, London, and surgeon to East India Company, 1809; surgeon to London Eye Infirmary, 1810; F.ILS., 1813: surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, London, 1816, and lecturer; Hunterian orator, 1838; P.IUSn 1847 a nd l856 surgeon to Queen Victoria; raised science of eye-surgery; published medical works.
^ Travers Sm EATON STANNARD (1782–1858), rear-admiral; served oft Holland, in West Indies, on Spanish Main, off French coast, and Mediterranean; took part in Walcheren expedition; said to have engaged over a hundred times with the enemy; repeatedly recommended and thanked for good conduct; K.H., 1834; rearadmiral, 1855.
^ James Travers (1820–1884), general; lieutenant, Bengal infantry: served in Afghan war, 1841-2, and mentioned in despatches for services at battles of Sikandarabad, Babawalli, and also at Sobraon, 1846; brevetmajor, 1846; commanded forces at Indur in mutiny, 1857, charged guns of mutineers, defended residency, and obtained V.O; commanded Mirat division, 1869; C.B.,1873; general, 1877; published The Evacuation of Indore 1876.
^ John Travers (d. 1620), brother of Walter Travers; rector of Farringdon; B.A. and fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1569.
^ John Travers (1703?–1758), musician; organist of the Chapel Royal, London, 1737-58; composed chiefly church music.
^ Rebecca Travers (1609–1688), quakeress; nee Booth; married William Travers, tobacconist; friend of James Nayler; heckled incumbent of St. John the Evangelist's, London; fearless and powerful preacher, visited prisons and the sick; published religious works.
^ Walter Travers (1548?–1635), puritan divine; a senior fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1569; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1569; visited Geneva, and formed friendship with Beza: published Ecclesiastiae Disciplinae ... explicatio 1574 (translated by Thomas Cartwright (1535-1603)); D.D. Oxford, 1576, but declined to subscribe: ordained by Cartwright and others at Antwerp; subsequently chaplain to Burghley and tutor to Robert Cecil; lecturer at the Temple, 1581, and during Hooker's mastership, confuting in the afternoon what Hooker preached in the morning; provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1595-8.
^ George Travis (1741–1797), archdeacon of Chester; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1768; chancellor's medallist, 1765; vicar of Eastham, 1766; rector of Handley, 1787: prebendary of Chester, 1783, archdeacon, 1786; his Letters to Edward Gibbon in defence of the genuineness of 1 John v. 7, 1784, answered by Porson in the most acute and accurate piece of criticism which has appeared since the days of Bentley (Gibbon).
^ Sir George Treby (1644?–1700), judge; barrister, Middle Temple, 1671: bencher, 1681; M.P., Plympton, 1617 till the end of Charles II's reign; chairman of committee for investigating Popish plot; succeeded Jeffreys recorder of London, 1680; knighted, 1681; defended Sir Patience Ward and Sandys in East India case, and corporation rights in quo warranto proceedings; dismissed in consequence, 1683: one of the counsel for the even bishops, 1688: was restored to recordership 1688, and beaded procession of city magnates to meet William of Orange; solicitor-general, 1689; attorney-general, 1689; piloted Bill of Rights through House of Commons; chief-justice of the common pleas, 1692.
^ John Tredenham (1668 - 1710), politician ; -tin lent of the Inner Temple and Christ Church, Oxford; .M.I, St. Mawer, 1C1HI-17U5 and 1707-10; refused to sign voluntary association of loyalty to William III, 1696; arrested on suspicion; incurred odium through associating with Poussiu, the French agent, 1701.
^ Thomas Tredgold (1788–1829), engineer; carpenter and architect's clerk; self-educated: publir-hed Elementary Principles of Carpentry 1820, the first serious attempt in England to determine data of resistance, and other works, including The Steam Engine 1827.
^ Letice Mary Tredway (1593–1677), English abbess in Paris; took the veil at Augustinian convent, Douay, 1615; founded, with Thomas Carre, convent for English girls at Paris, 1634.
^ Ann Maria Tree (1801–1862). See Bradshaw.
^ Ellen Tree (1805–1880). See Ellen Kean.
^ Walter Hawken Tregellas (1831–1894), miscellaneous writer; draughtsman in the war office; published Cornish Worthies 1884, and other works; contributed to periodicals, also articles on Cornishmen to the Dictionary of National Biography.
^ Edwin Octavius Tregelles (1806–1886), civil engineer and quaker minister; engineer of Southampton and Salisbury railway, 1835; preached and visited West Indies, Northern Europe, and the Hebrides.
^ Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813–1875), biblical scholar; nephew of Edwin Octavius Tregelles; employed at ironworks, Neath Abbey; studied Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, and Welsh; took pupils at Falmouth, 1835; successively quaker, Plymouth brother, and presbyterian; superintended publication of concordances in London, 1837; published The Book of Revelation, edited from ancient authorities 1844; deciphered and collected numerous manuscripts at home and abroad for his new Greek text of the New Testament; published Account of the Printed Text 1854, and the text, 1857 1872: LL.D. St. Andrews; received pension of 200l. from civil list.
^ Francis Tregian (1548–1608), Roman catholic exile; attended Elizabeth's court to assist persecuted catholics; imprisoned for twenty-eight years, and his property confiscated for harbouring Cuthbert Mayne, popish priest, 1577; retired to Spain.
^ Sir John Tregonwell (d. 1565), civilian; D.C.L. Oxford, 1522; principal of Vine Hall, Oxford; commissary-general in court of admiralty, 1535; agent of Henry VIII in various capacities, especially in dissolution of the monasteries; master in chancery, 1539; chancellor of Wells Cathedral, 1541-3; commissioner of the great seal, 1550: knighted, 1553, and favoured by Queen Mary; M.P., Scarborough, 1553.
^ Baron Tregoz (1559–1630). See Oliver St. John.
^ Michael Tregury or Trevor (d. 1471), archbishop of Dublin; M.A. and D.D. Oxford; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1422-7; first rector of Caen University, 1440; chaplain to Henry VI and his queen; dean of St. Michael's, Penkridge, 1445; archbishop of Dublin, 1449-71.
^ Charles Trelawny (1654–1731), major-general; brother of Sir Jonathan Trelawny; served with Monmouth in Holland, 1673, and with Turenne on the Rhine, 1674; deserted to William of Orange, 1688; fought at battle of the Boyne, 1690; governor of Dublin; took part in siege of Cork and was promoted major-pcneral, 1690; resigned his regiment, 1692; governor of Plymouth, 1696.
^ Edward Trelawny (1699–1754), governor of Jamaica; son of Sir Jonathan Trelawny; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.P. for West Looe, 1724-3:5, East and West Looe, 1734-5: governor of Jamaica, 1738-52: settled the Maroons and proved very efficient administrator; took part in expedition against Cartagena, 1742, against San Domingo, 1748.
^ Edward John Trelawny (17M-1881). author .111.1 adventurer; entered navy, 1805; de*rtudt Bonify Tiuul. his way to Eastern Archipelago; returned to :;:,! visitc-l Switzerland: met Shelley and Byron HI Italy, ls-i; present at Leghorn when Shelley and Williams were drowned; prepared Shelley's tomb at Rome; took part in Greek struggle for independence. 1S-J3. and married, as his second wife, Tersitza, slater of the insurgent chief Odysseus; wrote letters on B l,Mth ai,.l:.ill,,f IBm3Ba&:.uMi-!,M hm aftjMfad A.I rentures of a younger Son 1831; vtaited America; swam across the river at Niagara between the rapid and the falls an.l p.Tf.irnu.1 other exploits: idolbwi by London society; published Records of Shelley, Byron, and the Author 1868; lived to be the distinguished survivor of tin- Kyronic age; brilliant but inaccurate conversationalist; aat for the old seaman in Uillois's NorthWent Passage; buried by Shelley's side at Rome; distinguisbed as an author for his graphic and living descriptions, but also for a tendency to romance.
^ Sir John Trelawny (fl. 1422), knight; claimed descent from family; settled at Trelawne, Cornwall, before the Conquest; M.P. for Cornwall; fought at Agincourt, 1415.
^ Sir Jonathan Trelawny , third baronet (t60- I 17S1), bishop successively of Bristol, Exeter, and Winchester; son of second baronet and descended from Sir John Trelawny; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1675; given livings of St. Ive and Southill: one of the builders of Wren's Tom tower at Christ Church, Oxford, 1681-3; showed great activity on Monmouth's landing, and signed militia commissions; bishop of Bristol, 1685-9; showed intense loyalty to the crown, but refused to sign address in favour of declaof indulgence, 1687; assisted French protesUnt en; attended James II with the bishopspetition, and was imprisoned with them in the Tower of London, tried for seditious liber and acquitted: enthusiastically supported by the Cornishmen: took oaths to William and Mary; bishop of Exeter, 1689-1707; established his right as visitor at Exeter College, Oxford; took the side of Anne and the Churchill* against William III, 1691; supported Atterbury in revival of convocation; bishop of Winchester, 1707-21.
^ Sir William Trelawwy , sixth baronet (d. 1772), cousin of Edward Trelawny; M.P., West Looe, 1756-67; died at Spanish Town.
^ Tremamondo. See Domenico Angelo
^ Edmund Tremayne (rf. 1582). clerk of the privy council;. entered service of Edward Courtenay, earl of DeTonshlre, 1553; employe*! by Cecil in Ireland to send information, 1569; clerk of the privy council, 1571: publishedCauses why Ireland is not Reformed 1571, and Matters wherewith the Queen of Scota may be Charged," 1578; M.P., Plymouth, 1572; succeeded to family estate of Collacombc, 1572.
^ Sir John Tremayne or Tremaine (d. 1694) lawyer; counsel for the crown and in several important cases; appointed king's serjeant and knighted, 1689: M.P., Tregony, 1690; his Placita Corona published, 1723.
^ Richard Tremayne (d. 1584), younger brother of Edmund Tremayne; M.A. and fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1563: fled to Germany at Mary's accession, 1653; made archdeucon of Chichester by Elizabeth, 1659; treasurer of Exeter Cathedral.
^ John Immanuel Tremellius (1510–1580), Hebraist; -n of a.lew of Ferrara; studied at Padua: converted by Cardinal Pole; afterwards became protestant; fled successively from Lucca nnd Strasburg; resided with Cranmer at Lambeth, 1547; made king's reader of Hebrew at Cambridge, 1549; prebendary of Carlisle, 1562; on accession of Mary left England: tutor to children of Duke of Deux-Ponts, 1565, imprisoned by him for Calvinism: professor of Old Testament studies at Heidelberg, 1561; visited England, 1566; expelled from Heidelberg, 1576, by the new Lutheran elector; taught Hebrew at Sedan College, and died there; published translation of the bible from Hebrew and Syriac into Latin, 1569-79, and other works.
^ Hugh Seymour Tremenheere College, Temple, served on various eo MOIST oi took, re; IMS; bar I fteMMdMBhor; M* A,::.r fellow of New College, Oxford, 1814-M; v uer TempU. 1834: revising barriiter. 1837; M sad wrote report poor-law i A Manual of the Prln marine*; ui.i Ir.M. MM! t i - " 1 806, and at captor* of Martinique and i loupe, 1794-6; K.H., 1831
^ Francis Chenevix-Trent (1806-1886), divine and author; son of Melesina Trench; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, I860; rector of Islip; published miscellaneous works.
^ Frederick Chenevix Trench (1887–1894). major-general; son of Richard Cbenevix Trench: served ut siege of Delhi and Lucknow, and with hone; C.M.G., 1887; published military work*. (1776-1869).
^ Sir Frederick William Trench general; 1st foot guards; served in Sicily, 1807, and in Wulcheren expedition, 1809: assistant, 1811, and depot v quartermaster-general. 1818; aide-de-camp to George IV, 1626; conservative M.P., St. Michael, 1807-11. Dundalk. 1812-18, Cambridge, 1819-32, Scarborough, 1886-47: planned Thames Embankment; K.C.H., 1831; general, 1864.
^ Melesina Trench (1768–1817), author; nee Chenevix: married, first, Colonel Richard St. George. 1786, who died 1788; travelled in Germany 1797 and 1800; met Nelson and Lady Hamilton: married Richard Trench, 1808; petitioned Napoleon for her husband's release, 1806; wrote Remains (journal and correspondence) and poems.
^ Power le Poer Trench (1770–1839), archbishop of Tuam; brother of Richard le Poer Trench, second earl of Clancarty; B.A. Dublin, 1791; held benefices of Creagh and Rawdenstown; captain of yeomanry, 1798; successively bishop of Waterford, 1801-1810, Elphin, 1810-19, and archbishop of Tuam, 1819-89; promoted the second reformation in Ireland; president of the Irish Society.
^ Richard Chenevix Trench (1807–1886), archbishop of Dublin; son of Melesina Trench; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; MJL, 1833: studied Spanish literature, and became acquainted with Maurice, Tennyson, and others; travelled abroad and took part in expedition of Torrijos to Spain, 1830: special preacher at Cambridge, 1843; Hulsean lecturer, 1846 and 1846: rector of Itchenstoke, 1844: professor of divinity at King's College, London, 1846-68; dean of Westminster, 1856, where he instituted evening nave services: archbishop of Dublin, 1868; opposed Irish church disestablishment: and, after passing of the act, kept Irish church united; author of works dealing with history and literature, poetry, divinity, and philology, including The Study of Words in 1851, Notes on the Parables of our Lord 1841, and Notes on the Miracles of our Lord 1846: displays great excellence in his sonnets and lyrics; as philologist popularised scientific study of language: suggested OxfordBnglish dictionary.
^ Richard Le Poer Trench , second EARL OF Clancarty and first VISCOUNT CLANCARTY (1767–1837), diplomatist; son of first earl; Irish barrister: M ton Ldmavady, 1796, and co. Galway, 1798 till the union; first opposed, but afterwards hupported, the union; M.P n co. Galway (British parliamentX as supporter of Pitt; representative peer, 1808; president of board of trade, 1813; joint postmaster-general, 1814: ambassador to William of the Netherlands, 1813: plenipotentiary t congrew of Vienna, 1814; sent to adjust dispute* between Bavaria and Baden, 1815; ambassador again to the Netherlands, 1816-M: created Baron Trench, 1816, and Viscount Clanoarty in the peerage of United Kingdom, 18M: Marquis of Hunsdon in Netherlands, 1818; opposed catholic emancipation, 1819.
^ William Stkoart Teehch (1808–1872), Irish land agent and author: nephew of first Lord Ashtown; educated at Trinity College, Dublin: Royml Agricultural Society's gold medallist: agent to the Shirley and other iUte: published Realities of Irish Life, 1 IMtl.s, Icrnr, 1 1871, MB,
^ Trenchard Sm JOHN (1C40-1695), secretary of ,1-liol at New College, Oxford,:md Middle M.I 1.. Tauuton, 1679, 1681, Dorchester, 1688, Thetfonl, in tin- Convention parliament, 1'oole, 1690; promoted Oates's designs; took prominent part in exclusion debates and shared in plots; arrested, but ac.mitt i d: on Moutnonth's landing, 1686, escaped to the continent; pardoned by James II, 1087: remonstrated with.fames II, 1688: knighted, 1680; serjeant to William and -Mary and chief-justice of Chester, 1689; secretary for northern ilepartment, 1692.
^ John Trenchard (1662–1723), political writer ; 1 at Trinity College, Dublin, and called to the lur; commissioner of forfeited estates in Ireland; wrote pamphlets a&riinststanding armiesand superstition ami. with Thomas Gordon (d. 1750), "The IndeIHindeut Whig and Gate's Letters
^ Henry Trengrottse (1772–1854), inventor of the Rocket life-saving apparatus, 1808 (adopted, 1818).
^ Francis Tresham (1567?–1605), betrayer of the Gunpowder plot; son of Sir Thomas Tresham (1543?-1605); took part in Essex's rebellion, 1601, and was imprisoned; implicated in mission to the king of Spain; obtained copy of Blackwell's book on equivocation; was initiated into Gunpowder plot, but revealed it to bis relative Lord Moutcagle; was arrested and confessed knowledge, but died before trial.
^ Henry Tresham (1749?–1814), historical painter; exhibited at Dublin; accompanied John Campbell Cawdor to Italy and studied there; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1789-1806; RJL, 1799; collector of pictures and decorative objects; published verse.
^ Sir Thomas Tresham (d. 1471), speaker of the House of Commons; son of William Tresham (d. 1450) ; brought up in Henry VI's household; M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1447, Huntingdonshire, 1449, Northampfeomhire, 14M I controller of the household; fought with Lancastrians at St. Albans, 1455; speaker of the parliament at Coventry, 1459; knighted by Henry VI's n after battle of St. Albans, 1461; taken prisoner at Towton and attainted, but pardoned; imprisoned, but released at restoration of Henry VI, 1470; proclaimed traitor on Edward IV's return, 1471; fought at Tewkesbury; promised pardon, but beheaded.
^ Sir Thomas Tresham (d. 1559), grand prior of order of St. John in England; grandson of Sir Thomas Tresham (d. 1471): sheriff of Northamptonshire, 1524-6 and 1639-40; knighted before 1530; M.P., Northamptonshire, 1542; proclaimed Queen Mary at Northampton, 1553; grand prior, 1557; sat in House of Lords.
^ Sir Thomas Tresham (1543?–1605), popish recusant; son of Sir Thomas Tresham (d. 1559); knighted, 1577; imprisoned seven years for harbouring Campion, 1581.
^ William Tresham (d. 1450), speaker of the House of Commons; lawyer; M.P., Northamptonshire, 1423-50; speaker, 1439, 1442, 1447, and 1449; Yorkist; active in Suffolk's impeachment; murdered by Lancastrians.
^ William Tresham (d. 1569), divine; M.A., 1520, and D.D., 1532, Oxford, and registrar, 1524-9; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1532; vice-chancellor, 1532-47, 1556,and 1558; held livings of Towcester and Bugbrooke; disputed with Peter Martyr concerning eucharist, 1549; imprisoned for catholic opinions, 1551; favoured by Queen Mary and given preferment; disputed with Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley, 1554-5; refused oath of supremacy to Queen Elizabeth, and was deprived of all preferments except Towcester.
^ Sir Robert Tresilian (d. 1388), chief- justice of the king's bench; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, c 1344; Cornwall, 1368; J.P., 1377, and steward of Cornwall; king's serjeant and justice of the king's bench at iK of Richard II's reign; chief- justice, 1381; tried John Ball (d. 1381) q. v.l and his followers: roused to encrsach on lord mayor's jurisdiction in i-asu of John de Northampton, 1384: one of Richard's advisers in tkvlariii; commission of 1386 unlawful, 1387; hanged at Tyburn for treason.
^ Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan (1807-1886), governor of Madras; -writer in Bengal civil service. 1826;;i--iMaut to Sir ( harl.s Metcalfe, commissioner at Delhi, 1827; deputy-secretary to government at Calcutta, 1831; married Hannah Moore, Macaulay's sister, 1834; wrote On the Education of the People of India 1838; nit-secretary to the treasury, London, 1840-59; administered Irish relief works, 1845-7; K.C.B., 1848; introduced new system of admission into civil service, 1853; became governor of Madras, 1859; recalled for publicly opposing financial policy of Calcutta, I860; returned to India as finance minister, 1862, and carried out great reforms: published The Application of the Roman Alphabet to all the Oriental Languages 1834, and other works.
^ Raleigh Trevelyan (1781–1865), miscellaneous writer; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1807; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1810; succeeded to Netherwitton estates, 1818; author of poems and other works.
^ Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, sixth baronet (1797-1879), naturalist; M.A. University College, i Oxford, 1822; studied science at Edinburgh; published ! scientific articles and edited the Trevelyan Papers with : Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan; F.G.S.
^ James Trevenen (1760–1790), lieutenant, R.N., and captain in Russian navy; served with James Cook (1728-1799) on the Resolution, 1776, and i James King (1750-1784) on the Discovery, 1779; : took part (on the Resistance) in capture of the Coquette, I 1783; entered Russian service, 1787, and served against i Sweden; fatally wounded in action at Viborg Bay, 1790.
^ Peter Treveris (. 1527), printer, mostly of grammatical tracts, also of Polychronicon 1527.
^ Trevet Sm THOMAS (d. 1283), justice itinerant for Dorset and the neighbouring counties, 1268-71; tried the rioters who burnt Norwich Cathedral, 1272.
^ John Pe Trevisa (1326–1412), author; fellow of i Exeter (1362-9) and of Queen's (1369-79) colleges, Oxford: , expelled, 1379; chaplain and vicar of Berkeley; translated i for fourth Baron Berkeley Higden's Polychrbnicon I 1387, and other Latin works.
^ Richard Trevtthick (1771–1833), father of the locomotive engine; famous for quickness at figures and herculean strength; engineer at Ding Doug Mine, near Penzance, 1797, introduced several improvements, ineluding double-acting water-pressure engine, 1800, thus perfecting the vacuum engine; after preliminary experiments completed first steam carriage to carry passengers, at Redruth, 1801; devised improved locomotive, the first tried on a railway, at Pen-y-darran, 1804, and another for a steam circus, 1808; erected the first Cornish engine 1812, and started application of steam to agricultural processes; despatched nine engines to Peru mines, 1814;, which proved very successful; went to Peru, 1816; made I and lost many fortunes till war of independence, when machinery was wrecked; prospected in Costa Rica, 18261827; met Robert Stephenson at Carthagena; arrived penniless at Falmouth, and his petition to government was disregarded; visited Holland, 1829; projected other schemes, including improvements in propulsion of : steamboats; was buried at expense of workmen at Hall's factory in Dartford churchyard; as inventor, * one of the greatest that ever lived
^ Arthur Hill Trevor -, third VISCOUNT DUNGANNON of the second creation in the peerage of Ireland (1798-1862), son of second viscount; M.A.Christ Church, Oxford, 1825; M.P., New Romney, 1830, Durham, 1831, 1835; vigorous opponent of parliamentary municipal reform; supported property qualification of member--, revival of convocation, national education connected with the church, and control of beer-shops; elected representative peer, 1856; opposed in the Lord.-? Divorce and Deceased Wife's Sister Bills: published political pamphlets and a history of William III, 1835-6.
^ George Trevor (1809–1888), divine: clerk at tinIndia House, 1825; attended political meetings with Benjamin D'Israeli. M. A. Mag. Men Hall. vf..nl, 1847; chapluin n M-.-lra-i. !*:; lor York; anon of York and cluipluin oi Shi-m-.. iiM-nt:il in r: } "i-k; h..1 living of iliirtoii l.. a.an.l I..I.T. pul.lish.-d -TheCal ind several other world: well known w author ami orator; D.I). l.uh
^ Trevor r TREVAUP St. Asuph::..i6: bishop, l:.M: wii-mplnvMl hy.nut d.-.-rtnl, Ki.-himl II, and wa* of Cheater, Flint, and North Wale* imin.-iiafiy by Henry IV: supported unlimited royal prerogative; was sent to Spain and accompanied army MII: font'ht at Min-A-tmry. 1HO. joined (llendower, 1404; H..1 to Scotland, Iv BeqoeaUy went ou mission to France.
^ Trevor Sin JOHN iciv, u-,7-.'), - -ntaryof ntnte: son of Sir Jol.n Trevor. 1678); M.P., Kill, 1. ., AniM'l.-l in ConvntUvi (..irlianu-r ;niit Hcdwin in Ixng parliament o: t!:.- Id-to: member of trade committee, ltt6J, and conin. forests 1657; admitted to Monck's council, 1660: took part at Puri in negotiations with L.u- XIV. Holland, .in.l Spain, 1UG8: knighted and appointed Becretary of 1M8.
^ Trevor sn: JOHN (,. 1673), parliament!, Trevalyn, Denbighshire: knighted, 161. M.I, lnibighshiro, 1620, Flintshire, lOlM ami 1625, aii.l (Jreat Bed win, 1638, and Orampound in the Long parliament; member of council of state, 1661, and of various committees; favoured Restoration.
^ Trevor siit .1. .UN ( 1C37-1717), judge and speaker of the House of Con in ions; barrUu-r, 1661, treasurer, 1674, and reader, 1H75, of the Iniu-r Temple; knighted, 1671; M.I. Ga*Ue Uism,-..;7a, lkvm;--tni, 1678-9 and 1679-81, Denbighshire, 1081, Denbigh, 16H5, Beeralston, 1C89, Yarmouth (Idle of Wight), 1689-90; chairman of various committees and courted protestant interest: speaker, 1685 and 1690-5; master of the rolls, 1685, and proved successful judge: remained faithful to James II :tnl wan displaced, 1688, but reinstated, 1693; deprived of speakership for taking bribe*, 1695: constable of Flint Castle, 1705; custos rotulorum of Flint.
^ John Ham Trevor l'DKN-, third Viscount Hampden (1749–1824), diplomatic ; son of Robert Hampden-Trevor, first viscount Hampden and fourth Baron Trevor; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1773; minister at Munich, 1780, Turin, 1783-98. 1603; reader. 16)0: knighted, 1619: ctcheoner judge. 1625; delivered judgment for government *g*W Hampden in ship-money ca*t, 1618: ipi 1641, and nod ..:
^ Thomas Trevor , Baron Trevor of Bromham .1-:;:...!.-,.::.-.. I -.... r,:.::- ; barrbter. Inner Temple, 1680: olicltor-gencral. . -: -: - -.: -. if: general, 1695: oppoml Sir John Penwick'i attainder. ,- ".:,::,, ! r...;,-.,-. I"!:, loner to arrange union with Scotland, 1706: created Baron Trevor, 171 J; removed at auxMJon of CkofM I; lord privy Mai, 17)6-30; prarident of the eooncit. 17JO.
^ Iago Trichrug (1779–1844). See James Hughes.
^ Francis Trigge .',47 7-1606), divine and . r; M.A. Unlvenity College, Oxford, 17): rector of Welbourn; wrote treaUsei condemning the commercial n.ime, enckxare of common*. and conversion of arable land into pastures.
^ Henry Trimen (1843-1896), botanist; M.B. I.OL.I.,,,, 1865: bucamc aMisUnt in botanical department at British Museum, 1861; publUbed with Dyer the Flora of Middlesex 1K69; eilitor of theJournal of Botany 1871; published with Bentley Medicinal Plants 187ft1K0; director of botanical gardens at IVradeniya, Ceylon. 1H79: F.R.8 lw*8; published A Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1893.
^ Trimleston third BARON (1470–1588). See John Barnewall
^ Marcus Trevor, fl r t of the first creation and Baron Trevor of Rostrevor in peerage of Ireland (1618-1670); commander in co. Down, 1641: came to England, 1641 and fought at Marston Moor, 1644: served in Cornwall under Hopton, 1645-6; fought for the parliament against Irish rebels, 1647, but joined Ormonde, 1649, and helped to defend Drogheda: wounded ut fight near Wcxford; changed again, 1650; made ranger at Ulster, 166O, and created Baron Trevor and Viscount Dungannon, 1662.
^ Michael Trevor (. 1471).
^ Richard Trevor (1707–1771), bishop of St. David's and of Durham; son of Thomas, baron Trevor of Bromham; D.C.L., Queen's College, Oxford, 1731; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1727: of St. David'B, 1744, and of Durham, 1751.
^ Robert Hampden Trevor -, first Viscount Hampden and fourth BARON TREVOR (1706-17K3), sou of Tliomas Trevor, first baron Trevor of Bromham h- v.: B.. Queen's College, Oxford, 1735; fellow of All Sonls College, Oxford, 1725: secretary to legation, 1734, and minister at the Hague, 1739-46; corresponde-l Horatio Walpole: made commissioner of revenue in Ireland. 1750; F.R.S., 1764; author of Latin poems.
^ Sir Trevor SACKVILL (Jl. 1604), naval commander; brother of Sir Thomas Trevor; captured four Spanish vessels off coast of Spain, 1602: knighted, 1604.
^ Joshua Trimmer (1795–1857% geologist; grand son of Mrs. Sarah Trimmer; employed on geolo vey; wrote Practical Geology and Mineralogy 1841, and several papers; made important advance* in classification of superficial deposit*.
^ Trimmer Mas. SARAH (1741–1810), author: daughter of John Joshua Kirby; made favourable impression on Dr. Johnson: married James Trimmer of Brentford, 171,2: publishalEasy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature 1782, and Sacred History 17**1784; started Sunday schools at Brentford. 1786; hud interview with Queen Charlotte, 1788; publb-holThe (Economy of Charity 178J, and other work*, including the Story of the Robins and Fabulous.
^ Charles Trimnell (1630?-17WX rector of Abbot* Ripton.
^ Trevor Sm THOMAS (1586-16W), jndge of Sir Sackvill Trevor; barrister, Inner Tempk,
^ Charles Trimnell (1663-17MX),successively bishop of Norwich and Winchester: M.A. New College. Oxford. 1688 (incorporated, Cambridge, 169ft): 1-. .. p rW i,-h.-r at Rolls Chapel, 1688; chaplain to Earl of Sunderland; prebendary of Norwich, 1691: held successively various livings: archdeacon of Norfolk, 1698; wrote pamphlet* upholding right* of crown a* against convocation, 1701-2; bishop of Norwich, 1708; clerk of the closet to George I; bishop of Winchester, 1721-3.
^ John Tripe (1762?–1821. See John Swete.
^ Henkv Trtpp (-. 1D), author and trauMator: M.A. Pembroke Hall. Cambridge, 1571; rector 01 Faith's, London; author of Bn. i Six Reasons 1581, and tnniltttioiM from the Latin.
^ Trivet or TREVET. NICHOLAS (12ft8?-lIX historian: *on of Sir Tliomn* Trevet: tMght Oxfonl; work in.-lu.le tlieologtcal and P b "jlOio*l ..ml xnuale* sex Regum Angli* ("{J'A lat edited. 1845.
^ Trivet Pin THOMAS (rf. at Bourbourg; convicted on hi* rrtum of having Uken bribe* from the French to *ttrrender, and wa. impri*oned; supported Biohard II and wa. imprisoned at Dover, 1388, pvii. 236)
^ Trokelowe or THORLOW, JOHN DK(A 1330), chronicler ami monk of St. Albans: wn-tf Annales* of reign of Edward II (edited by Thomas Hearue, 1729). a work once attributed to Rishauger.
^ Trollope Sir ANDREW (d. 1461), soldier : served in the French wars, 1449-50; sergeant-porter at Calais: oonoerued in conspiracy of Alencon, 1454: returned to England with Warwick, 1459, but became Lancastrian; commanded at Wakefleld, 1460, and St. Albans, 1461; knighted; killed at Towton.
^ Anthony Trollope (1815–1882), novelist and poet-office official: son of Thomas Anthony Trollope : was educated as a town-boy at Harrow; obtained clerkship in post-office, 1834: post-office surveyor in Ireland, 1841: published his first novel,The Macdermots of Ballycloran 1847, and other failures: became inspector of postal deliveries in south-west rural districts of Ireland, and obtained thus immense stock of information; gained success withThe Warden 1855, followed, among others, byBarchester Towers 1857, "The Three Clerks 1858, 'Prnmley Parsonage 1861, Orley Farm 1862,The Small House nt Allington 1864, Can you forgive her( 1864, andThe Last Chronicle of Barset 1867; despatched on missions abroad to Egypt, 1868, and West Indies, and also visited America, 18G2, Australia, and New Zealand, 1871-2, South Africa, 1878: publishedThe West Indies and the Spanish Main 1859,North America 1862, and other works; given charge of eastern postal district in England, 1859, but being disappointed of promotion retired, 1866: claimed invention of pillarbox: published series of political novels, starting with Phineas Finn 1869, also He knew he was Right 1869, 'The way we live now 1875,Nina Balatka 1867, and Linda Tresael 1868, in Blackwood; besides a large number of other works, including his autobiography, 1875-6.
^ Arthur William Trollope (1768–1827), headmaster of Christ's Hospital, London; educated there and at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he distinguished himself; M.A., 1794: D.D., 1815: head-master of Christ's Hospital, 1799-1826; held several livings.
^ Edward Trollope (1817–1898), bishop of Nottingham and antiquary; M.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1859; rector of Lcasingham; prebendary of Lincoln, 1860; archdeacon of Stow, 1867; bishop suffragan of Nottingham, and D.D., 1877; instrumental in establishing see of Southwell, 1884: supervised church restorations; wrote antiquarian books, including a Manual of Sepulchral Memorials 1858.
^ Frances Trollope (1780–1863), novelist; formerly Milton; married Thomas Anthony Trollope, 1809; after visiting America, 1827-30, wrote Domestic Manners of the Americans 1832, and also produced books on Belgium, Paris, and Vienna; published, among many other novels,The Vicar of Wrexhill, 1 1837, andThe Widow Barnaby, 1 1838; highly incensed Americans by her description of American society; settled at Florence, 1856; died at Florence.
^ George Barne Trollope (d. 1850), rear-admiral; O.B., 1815; half-brother of Sir Henry Trollope ; rear-admiral, 1849.
^ Sir Henry Trollope (1756–1839), admiral; entered navy, 1771; served in North America; said to have assisted in battles of Lexington and Bunker's Hill; supported attempt of army to join Burgoyne, 1777; commanded the Kite, 1778-81, in the Downs; captured prizes and defended merchant ships; captured the Hebe, 1782; as captain of the Glatton drove into port squadron off Helvoetaluys, and ensured safety of merchantmen, 1796; performed valuable services in the mutiny, 1797: took part in battle of Camperdown and was knighted, 1797; was refused pension, 1805; admiral, 1812; G.C.B., 1831; committed suicide.
^ Theodosia Trollope (1825–1865), author: nt.t Garrow; wrote on Social Aspects of the Italian Revolutionin theAthenaeum and contributed to other periodicals: married Thomas Adolphus Trollope, 1848; created a salon at Florence.
^ Thomas Adolphus Trollope (1810–1892), author; eldest son of Thomas Anthony Trollope; accompanied his fat!, or to America, 1H28; B.A. Magdalen Hull, txford, 1835: embarked on literary profession under his mother's auspice-;: contributed to Dickens's Household Words: settled at Klore.nce, 1843, where his house became the meeting-place for many English and foreign authors; supported Italian revolutionary movement: published a large number of works, including books on Tuscan subjects, reminiscences, and several novels; piveu order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus by Victor Emmanuel, 1862; correspondent ofDaily News at Florence and of Standard 1873, at Rome; returned to England, 1890.
^ Thomas Anthony Trollope (1774–1835), barrister; cousin of Sir Henry Trollope; Winchester scholar; B.C.L. New College, Oxford, 1801; barrister, Middle Temple, 1801: ruined himself by scheme for selling fancy goods at Cincinnati.
^ William Trollope (1798–1863), author; son of Arthur William Trollope; M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1824; incumbent of St. Mary's, Green Ponds, Tasmania; published exegetical works on the New Testament.
^ George Trosse (1631–1713),nonoonformistdivine: educated for trade in France and Portugal: took to dissipated habits; was placed with a physician at Glastonbury, and finally went to Pembroke College, Oxford, 1658; became dissenting minister at Exeter; was imprisoned for conventicle preaching, 1685; published religious works and autobiography.
^ Catharine Trotter (1679–1749). See COCKBurn
^ Coutts Trotter (1837–1887), vice-master of Trinity College, Cambridge: nephew of Henry Dundas Trotter: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1862; fellow, 1861; studied in Germany; lecturer in physical science, 1869-84; vice-master, 1885; performed valuable services in carrying out statutes of 1882.
^ Henry Dundas Trotter (1802–1859), rearadmiral; served in East and West Indies; commanded Curlew on West African coast and captured pirates, 1833; commanded expedition to the Niger, 1841, to make treaties; commodore at Cape of Good Hope on outbreak of Crimean war; rear-admiral, 1857.
^ John Trotter (1757–1833), army contractor; uncle of Henry Duudas Trotter; established Soho Bazaar, 1815.
^ John Bernard Trotter (1775–1818), author ; brother of Edward Southwell Ruthven; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1795; student at the Temple; secretary to Fox; Irish barrister, 1802; published political tracts and other works; died in great destitution.
^ Thomas Trotter (1760–1832), physician to the fleet and author; M.D. Edinburgh, 1788; surgeon's mate in Channel Fleet, 1779, and at battle of the Doggerbank, 1781; promoted surgeon, 1782; served on a slaver; as physician to Channel fleet (1794-5) was present at battle of 1 June, 1794; published medical works and verses.
^ Sir Edward Thomas Trottbridge (d. 1852), rear-admiral: son of Sir Thomas Troubridge; entered navy, 1797; present at battle of Copenhagen, 1801; served on the Victory, 1803; assisted in destroying Dutch ships. 1806; lord of the admiralty, 1835; O.B., 1838; rear-admiral, 1841.
^ Sir Thomas Trodbridge , first baronet (1758?1807), rear-admiral: entered navy, 1773: served in East Indies and on various ships; present at battles off Sadras and Trinconmlee, 1782, and Hughes's actions, 1782-3; captured on the Castor, 1794; present at action off the Hyeres, 1795, on theOulloden, and at battle of St. Vincent. 17'97, where he led the line and was warmly praised for his gallant conduct; failed in attack on Santa Crux, and at battle of the Nile struck on a shoal; received, however, gold medal: assisted Nelson at Naples and Malta; created baronet, 1799; lord of the admiralty, 1801; rear-admiral, 1804; lost iu the Blenheim proceeding from Madras to 1 the Cape.
^ Sir Thomas St Troubridge . VINCENT Cochrane Hope (1815–1867), colonel; eon of Sir Kdward Thomas Troubridge; served at Gibraltar and the West Indie*, and In Canada and the Crimea; fought at Alma, 1864, und lout right leg and left foot at Iiikenu.m: Cl.; u I..h-camp to Queen Victoria; brevetcolonel; received Legion of Honour; deputy adjutuntgeuerul, 1857.
^ Edward Troughtow (1753–1838), scientific instrument maker; i..uml tiis tirf)tli.-r in London as mechanician, and later carried on business by himself; original member R.A.S. and F.R5., 1810; Invented new mode of graduating arcs of circle*, 1778: contrived mnral circles and erected them at Greenwich, isiv. and other places, and also telescopes; made the beam-compass and hydrostatic balance contributed to the Hdinhuivh Cyclopaedia
^ Trouohton JolIX (1637?–1681), nonconformist divine; became blind from smallpox: fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, and B.A., 1659; nouooufonuixt minister and religious author.
^ William Troughton (1614?-1877?), nonconformist divine; of Queen College, Oxford: chaplain to Robert Hammond, 1647; obtained preferment; independent preacher; published religious works.
^ John Thomas Trot (1739–1833), Roman catholic 1 archbishop of Dublin: joined Dominican order at Rome, j 1756; rector of St. Clements at Rome: bishop of t'wuory, 1776: archbishop of Dublin, 1784; condenmol Whiteboys; instrumental in founding Maynooth College.
^ Trubbevujje or TRUBLEVILLE, HENRY DK (rf. 1239).
^ Nicholas Trubner (NiKOLAUR) (1817–1884), publisher; born at Heidelberg; became clerk at Longman's; entered into partnership with Delf, and afterwards with David Nutt; developed American trade and visited United States; competent orientalist and critic; published, among other works, Bibliographical Guide to American Literature 1866,TrUbner American and Oriental Record Trtibner's Oriental Series and British and Foreign Philosophical Library
^ Trub 8HAW, JAMES (1777–1853), engineer: employed at Buckingham Palace and elsewhere; gained local reputation at Stone; constructed Urosvenor Bridge (single-arched) at Chester, 1833, declared by Thomas Telford impracticable, aud Exeter Bridge, Derby, j llvii. 263
^ Joseph Truman (1631–1671), ejected minister and metaphysician; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1654; rector of Cromwell, near Nottingham: ejected, 1662; frequently indicted for nonconformity; published The Great Propitiation 1669, dealing with the doctrine of justification by faitlumd contending for the all-sufficiency j of the Mosaic law; published alsoA Discourse of Natural and Moral Impotency 1671.
^ Charles Trumbull (1646–1724), chaplain to Bancroft; brother of Sir William Trumbull q. T.I; B.A. Christ Church, Oxfonl, 1667; D.C.L. All Souls College, Oxford, 1677.
^ William Trumbull (d. 1635), diplomatist; resident in the Netherlands, 1609-26; recalled on rupture with Spain; M.l, Downton, 1626: clerk of privy council, 1626; granted Eiwthampetead Pork, 1G28, ami appointed muster-master-gcneral.
^ Sir William Trumbull (1639–1716), secretary of state; grandson of William Trumbull; entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1665; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1657; D.C.L., 1667; studentat Middle Temple, 1667; practised in ecclesiastical and admiralty courts; chancellor of Rochester diocese and clerk of the signet, 1682: with Pepys accompanied Lord Dartmouth as judgeadvocate to Tangier, 16*3; knighted, 1684; envoy to France, 1686; assisted English protestants there and was recalled; M.P., East Looe, 1686-7; ambassador to Turkey, 1686-91; governor of Hudson's Bay and Turkey companies; lord of the treasury, 1694; secretary of state, privy councillor, and secretary to lords justices, 1695; M.P., Oxford University, 1696-8: was acquainted with Dryden and Pope, and is eulogised in their works.
^ Baron Truro (1782–1855).
^ John Trusler (1736–1830), eccentric divine, literary compiler, and medical empiric; B.A. Emmauut-1 College, Cambridge, 1717: translated Italian borlrtta.: :.::..: il:. i....;. t,,..,;.T;, Ct R d Dst M MS* p 3 B Ml. "..;.: ".i r.-... i-.,-, soiling business; works include Hogarth Mmaltort; Habitable World 1788-97, an.1 part L of an autobiography.
^ Tru 88ELL. . -UN (. 1686–1641), historical writer : ... History of England 1616, and theTouchstone of Tradition 1642; contributed to Annalia DnbraMbV 1686.
^ Tru 8SELL, THOMAS (fl. 1610–1626 X of BUtaMj; soldier and author; brother of John TniMell
^ Tru 88ELL or TRUMXL, WILLIAM Baron Trussell (fl. 1327), adherent of Thomas of Lancaster: fought at Boroogbbridge, 1822, and fled to France on fannaitort fall: returned with Isabella, 1826: tried and smtert elder Despenser to be hanged: as procurator of parliament renounced allegiance to Edward II at Berkeley, 1 817; hiMlforatimecommiiwionof oyerandtermlner; wassent on various foreign minions to Rome, Spain and Portugal, France and Flanders; granted lordship of Bergaes, 1881.
^ Charles Brandon Trye (1767–1811), nirgeon : studied under John Hunter (1728-1798); boose Furgeon to Westminster Hospital ami Sheldon; subsequentiy surgeon to infirmary; established lying-in charity at Gloucester; P.RJJ., 1807; published medical works.
^ Sir George Tryoh (1832–1893), vtoe-admiral : entered the navy, 1848; served in the Crimea, in royal yacht, 1868; commander of the Warrior, Channel fleet, 1861, first British sea-going ironclad; director of transports in Annesley Bay for Abyssinian expedition, 1867: private secretary to Mr. Goschen, 1871; commanded the Raleigh, 1874-7; on committee for revision of signalbook, 1877; commanded Monarch in Mediterranean, 1S7K, and performed valuable services off coartof Tunis, 1881; secretary of the admiralty, 1882-4; rear-admiral. 1884; commanded on Australian xtution and formulated colonial defence; K.C.B., 1887; superintendent of reserves, 1888, and commanded fleet in summer munwovres; viceadmiral. 1889; commanded on Mediterranean station, 1891: was lost in the Victoria in col isiou with the Camperdown, caused by his error, off Tnpoli.
^ Thomas Tryon (1634–1703), Pythagorean '; as a boy was employed in spinning and shepherding; trudged to London and apprenticed himself to a batter; read works of Behmen and became a Pythagorean, refusing to eat all meat and fish; visited Barbados and traded in beavers: wrote several works of mystical philosophy and dietetics, includingHealth** Grand Preservative 1682; forms a link between the Ut-htnenists and early quaken.
^ William Tryoh (1726–1788), governor of New York; of same family as Sir George Tryon; lieutenant-colonel, 1st foot guards; became governor of North Carolina, 1766, of New York, 1771; on outbreak of rebellion rvmained on board ship; re-entered New York with Howe, 1776: commanded Surrey regiment, made successful expedition into Connecticut, and hwned letter* of marque; lieutenant-general, 1782.
^ Tuathal (d, 644X king of Ireland : called Maelgorhb, Rougbcrown: succeeded bis cousin Muircheartach Mor, 583; defeated the Cianachta.
^ Abraham Tucker (1705–1774), philosopher; gentleman commoner of Mertou College, Oxford, 1711, where be studied philosophy, mathematics, French and Italian, and music; bought Betchworth Castle, near Dorking, 1737, and studied agriculture; wrote "The Light of Nature Pursued published, 1768-78, and other works of discursive philosophising, eulogised by Paky.
^ Benjamin Tucker (1762–1829), secretary of the admiralty; at first purser in the navy; secretary to Lord St. Vincent, and assisted him in bis attack on prevalent abuses; surveyor-general of the duchy of Com wall, 1808.
^ Tucker ('HAUL" III: MARIA (1821–1893), known as A.L.O.E. Iuly t KuL'hiiul); writer for children; of ll.nn, M. (ieorgf Tucker; wroU .icsoi itlli-L'oricul form; went to India as enana missionary, 1875; died at Aiaritsar.
^ Hkniiv St Tuckee . (iEORGE (1771–1851), Indian financier; obtained writership in East India Company's MTVIIV. 171. 1. at Call-nit.:: captain of c:ialry corp-: military secretary to Lord Welksley. 1799; accountantgeneral, 1801-4, and again in 1805, when be incurred unpopularity by advocating retrenchments; underwent imprir-ontneut for attempted rape, 1806; filled various poste, and became secretary in colonial and financial department. IM2; left India," 1816; elected director of East India Company, 1826, chairman, 1831 and 1847; published two tragedies and works on Indian nuance.
^ Josiah Tucker (1712–1799), economist and divine; 1LA. St. John's College, Oxford, 1739; D.D., 1755; minor canon of Bristol and domestic chaplain to Bishop Butler; appointed prebendary of Bristol, 1756, and dean of Gloucester, 1758; wrote tract againstgoing to war for the sake of trade 1763, which originated correspondence with and a translation by Turgot; defended clerical subscription to the thirty-nine articles; maintained desirability of separation from the colonies, and addressed k Cui Bono ? arguing the war with America a mistake for all concerned to Necker, 1781; anticipated some of Adam Smith's arguments against monopolies; author of economic, political, and religious works.
^ Thomas Tudor Tucker (1775–1852), rear-admiral; brother of Henry St. George Tucker; entered navy, 1793, and assisted at reduction of Cape of Good Hope, battle of St. Domingo, 1806, reduction of Guadeloupe, 1810, and capture of American frigate Essex near Valparaiso, when he was severely wounded, 1814; O.B., 1840; rear-admiral, 1846.
^ William Tucker (1658?–1621).
^ William Tucker (1589?–1640?), colonist; appears to have sailed for Virginia, 1610, in the Mary and James; leading colonist at Kiccowtan.
^ James Kingston Tuckey (177G-1816), commander R.N. and explorer; entered navy, 1793; served at reduction of Trincomalee, 1795, and of Amboyna, where he was wounded; shared in capture of the Forte, 1799; went out on the Calcutta, 1802, to establish colony at Port Phillip, and published account, 1804; captured by the French on return home and detained prisoner till 1814; commander, 1814; wrote Maritime Geography and Statistics 1815: commanded expedition to the Congo, 1816, and died of exhaustion; left a Narrative.
^ Anthony Tuckney (1599–1670), puritan divine ; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1620, fellow and tutor; D.D., 1649; town preacher, 1629, and vicar, 1633, of Boston; prepared doctrinal formularies in the Westminster Assembly, 1643; received rectory of St. Michael-le-Querne, Cheapside, London; master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1645-53; vice-chancellor, 1648 and 1653: corresponded with Whichcote on his rationalistic tendencies, 1651; master of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1653-61; atrier 1654: regius professor of divinity, 1656; removed, 1661; arrested for nonconformist preaching, 1666; published sermons.
^ Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond (Edmund of Hidham) (1430?-1456), eldest son of Owen Tudor q. v.: knighted by Henry VI, 1449; created Earl of Richmond, 1453, and declared legitimate; great forester of If ruydon Forest, 1453, and privy councillor.
^ Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford (Jasper of Hatfield) (1431?-1495), second son of Owen Tudor; knighted, 1449; created Earl of Pembroke, 1453: fought on Henry VI's side at battle of St. Albans, 1455; employed in Wales 1457; K.G., 1459: took Denbigh, 1460; defeated by Edward IV at Mortimer's Cross, 1461; took part in invasion of the north, 1462; retired to Scotland and was attainted; landed in North Wales, 1468, but was finally defeated; landed with Warwick, 1470; fled with his nephew Henry (afterwards Henry VII) after battle of Tewkesbury to Wales, thence to Brittany and to Paris, 1488; accompanied Henry to Milford Haven and to Bosworth, 1486; created Duke of Bedford, 1485; held various high offices; earl-marshal, 1492; active in suppressing Lovel and Stafford, and Simnel insurrections; commander in France, 1492.
^ Margaret Tudor (1443-1509). See Beaufort,
^ Margaret Tudor (1489–1541). See MAI:. AI:;.T. :
^ Owen Tudor (d. 1461), grandfather of Henry VII; belonged to old Welsh family; became clerk of the wardrobe to Catherine of Valois, widow of Henry V, to whom he was perhaps legally married; was twice confined in Newgate and escaped; pleaded his cause before the council, 1437; given annuity by Henry VI; captured at battle of Mortimer's Cross, 1461, and beheaded.
^ Thomas Tudway (d. 1726), musician; choir-boy in Chapel Royal, London, after Restoration, and tenor in choir of St. George's, Windsor, 1664; organist of King's College, Cambridge, 1670, Pembroke College, Cambridge, and University Church; professor of music at Cambridge, 1705; MUS.DOC., 1706; composer and organist to Queen Anne; degraded from degrees and appointments for punning on the Duke of Somerset's restricted bestowal of patronage among the members of the university, 1706, but reinstated on public retractation, 1707; compiled for Lord Oxford collection of church music; composed church music, songs, and catches.
^ Andrew White Tuer (1838–1900), publisher . nnd writer on Bnrtolozzi; entered partnership with Mr. 1 Field (d. 1891) as stationer and printer in London, 1862; ! founded, 1877, and editedPaper and Printing Trades Journal: began. 1877, publishing busines.3, which was i turned into a limited company as the Leadenhall I're-s. 1892; collected works of art of all kinds; F.S.A., 1890; publishedBartolom and his Works 1882,London Cries 1883, and works relating to literature and children's books of George 1 1 1's reign.
^ Henry Tufnell (1805–1854), politician; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1829; student at Lincoln's Inn, 1 827; private secretary to Sir Robert JohnWilmot-Horton, and afterwards to Lord Miuto; treasury lord, 1840; whi_r M.P., Devonport, 1810-54; secretary to the treasury, 184G. -1
^ Thomas Jolliffe Tufnell (1819–1885), surgeon; assistant-s urgeou to 44th regiment at Calcutta, 1841, and later to 3rd dragoon guards in Ireland; F.R.C.S. of Ireland, 1845, and president, 1874-5: surgeon to Dublin military prison and several hospitals; regius professor of military surgery, Dublin, 1851-60; accompanied Scottish regiment to Crimea, 1854; published surgical works.
^ Sackville Tufton , ninth EARL OP THANET (1767-1825), nephew of John Frederick Sackville, third Duke of Dorset; travelled abroad; created riot in court at trial of Arthur O'Connor at Maidstone, 1798, and was imprisoned and fined.
^ Sir Brian Tuke (d. 1545), secretary to HenryVIH : king's bailiff of Sandwich, 1508; clerk of the signet, 1509: clerk of the council at Calais, 1510; J.P. for Kent, 1512; knight of the king's body. 1516: governor of the king's ports 1717: secretary to Wolsey, and later French secretary to Henry VIII, 1522; treasurer of the household, 1528; patron of learning; celebrated by Leland and often painted by Holbein.
^ Daniel Hack Tuke (1827–1895), physician : son of Samuel Tuke: after some hesitation applied himself to study of mental disease; distinguished himself at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; M.D. Heidelberg, 1853; wrote essay On the Progressive Changes in the Moral Management of the Insane 1854, which gained a prirx;, and, with Bucknill, A Manual of Psychological Medicine 1858: visited foreign asylums; became consulting physician in London, 1876, examiner, and lecturer; LL.D. Glasgow, 1883: published other medical works.
^ Henry Tuke (1755–1814), quaker writer ; son of William Tuke; engaged in business at York; ! quaker minister; chief work,The Principles of Religion ! as professed by... the Quakers 1806.
^ Jam Tuke 11S HACK (1819–1896), philanthropist and quaker; son of Samuel Tuke: employed in hi. father's business at York, 1836, but became partner in a , bank, 1852, removing to Hitchin, Hertfordshire; studied social questions, wrote papers on Munition, and devoted J t. nuer't Magazine,* 1870: dean of UM to pabHc objects; virited America, 1845 an ili-iriin.-.-d i-iom-y in Iins after the siege, l in i.viand. I -;.;?: ! t.. Am.-rica, assisted by the government: n bilN for -h he wax an active member; elected member of Atheneom and Ksfor Office IHHC,: pttbhahed Mreral pamphlets an ,, r u llectaal Itrvi val of Hcotla i-;.n:, !..;i
^ Tuke Sm SAM r KI., tirt baronet (rf. 1674), royalist and playwright: admitt.il, i;my Inn, If,..; royal army, commanded at Lincoln, and fought at Marston Moor, 1644; serv-d under;r vt,l45; defended Colchester, 1648; resided almwl during Pro ike of QlouooBter: atholie; at Restoration was sent on missions to French court; created baronet, 1664: original K.ILS.; his tragi-coinedy. Tlic Adventures of Five Hoars 16f3, much lauded by Pep -.
^ Sam Tuke l KL (1784–1857). philanthropic and ,...,..!,-..,.....,-...,;-:......: i Thought in the Nineteenth Century 1884 5: i minded theologian, but champion of orthodox?: founder -,,M............:-.. .,,,-.,,l, r:,,,,nl .....,........-.....,..-..-. ti to Encyclopedia Briuuuk* (Dtii
^ George Tully or Tullie (1CU ?!). "coutro ..".,,,,... T....; fellow. Queen Coltoge, Oxford, 1679: M. A., 1671
^ Thomas Tully (1620-1676), divine; fellow of Queen's OoUegf. i: appointed ; r D !,:..:.-. 1:...:.....! T i. KkfioB, MM im.:. tap.. MM D i. WO;. of KIIHIII. 1673; strict Calvintst; published controversial works.
^ Thomas Tuke (,. 1G67), royalist divine; M.A. Christ's Oul'a'v, C imbridge, 1603: minister at St. GlleaV iu-t.he-Field-;. London, 1616: vicar of St. Olave's, Jewry, lndon. lf. 1 -"J-V: kevner f tin- privy xiil, 1523; .,,ani pnthibit4.il Ty n. hill's New Twta .,. nu-nt:. NVolsey to Kniiiw. 1 5i'7, and nego Loudon, 1617; sequestered auil iuiprisoued 1643: pub- tiated treaty of t'ambray; bishop of Durham, 15:i" lishcd religious works.
^ William Tuke (1732-1*22). founder of the York Retreat, erected, 1796. for humane treatment of insane, first establishment of tin- kind in England: tea and coffee merchant in York, aixi quaker.
^ Charles Augustus Tulk (1786-1R40). borgian; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge: assisted in foundingwx-ietyVr puhlishinSwedenborg's works, 1810, and was conntx-tl with the 4 Hawkstone Meeting: studie.1 physiosil seiem and social questions; m:vcri-"trate: M.P.. Sudhnry. 1S20-6, Poole, 1835-7; author of Swedenborglan worlu.
^ Jethro Tull (1674–1741), agricultural writer, matriculated, St. John's College, Oxford: urri.-t Inn, 1699, bencher, 1724: farna-l ut Howbm-y. iu-ar Wai ecclesiastical revolution remained faithful to Roman i.gma, but obeyed pawlvely civil power: president of council of the north, 1637; envoy to Scotland :md Fnmoe: took part (1541) in drawing upInstitution of a Christian Man passing of Six Articles Act, 1539, and publication of the(freat Bible executor to il.-nry VIITs will, Ifti7: vote-l against Uniformity Act, 1549, but rarrinl out it- DTOVMOIH when tow: acciwdof iiu-itiiikn-lK-llion. 155o. ami confined to hU boose in Lon.lon and wroU- ! Veritat.- Corporis et Sungulnis .. in Kii.-liari-tia 1: d.-privl. 155H; was restored on Queen MaryV hurvemion, but refrained from persecntlon oi the protentants: refuswl oath of supremacy and again deprive I Klizabeth, 1559; author of works, mostly rt-ligioua. ne and uiu, ioaj, uui uci, lingford, where he invented his drill, c. 1701: removed to (., l0, ttr. M A St- J())in. g College, Catnbri.lge, 1731: fellow 'Proeperoiuifarm, near Hungerford, Burluhire..-. !..:, IM(I Ultor. DD in,..tor, 174l-: obtained travellel abroad, 1711-14: intnKlueedsysu-m of pnlv-ns-. i ixin inrhiiling M in? ground: publishedThe Horse- hoing Husbandry i other agricultural treatises; was much attacked and accu-Hxl of plagiarism. Voltaire followed hi* method at Fen
^ Mabqitk of Tullibardine (d. 174 See Murray, William
^ Tulloch Sm ALEXANDER MURRAY 18.".1864), major-general; educated for the law at Edinburgh: joined 45th regiment in Burmah, 1826: exposed scandals connected with the soldiersfood, health, pay in bad coinage, ami pension fraud*: colonel. 1864: investigated with Sir John McNeill commissariat in Crimea. 1854, when report severely blamed general officers for improper distribution, and aroused controversy between Tulloch nnd Kinglake: published "The Crimean Commission and the Chelsea Board 1857: K.r .1869.
^ John Tulloch (1828–1886), principal of St. Andrews; distinguished himself at St. Andrew* University: assistant -minister at Dundee, 1844-5; travelled abroad: contributed to periodicals, 1848-53; appointed principal and professor of theology at Andrews, 1H54: delivered lecture* at Edinburgh on reformation leader*, 1869, and was appointed chaplain to Queen Victoria: chief clerk, 1875. of general assembly, and rator, 1S7H; vwited America, 1874, and lectured: pped church disestablishment: conducted services to WestiMjy, 1878; LL.D. Glasgow, 18, and Bdiu Ings, Including V chaplain to Arc irerttuucanoo of St. l)u.ar of Koch i controversv with Middlcton, IJHo'l letters to Brutus: j.:.: works.
^ Cuthbert Tunstall or Tonstall (-1569), master of the roll* and bishop soocoMivdy of London and Durham: studied at Oxford And Cambridge; ____ _____________ i Cambridge; qoaker:,i,U-t MI of ll.nry Tutas: entered hi* IJL'BT Padua; "became learned bi Oreek, Hebrew, mattw. < at York ; collected evidence on Insanity raat ici, and civil law : extolled by Knumiiu: frfend of nixl wrote papers, including Description of the Retreat j orv and leaden of the rm*": rector of Harrow. 1513, founded by hb father and grandfather, oonsUtnting,,,,-the-Hill, 1511; prebendary of Lincoln, 1*14: aroh carliestaccountorhumuiietruiitiiicutufinsaiii interested I deacon of Cljwter. 1515: ambassador to Prince of OMtile himself In education, various good works and public ob-, n t Brussels, 1515-16; master of the roll*, 1516; prebeudary of York, 1510; svnt unibasaador to Charles V, 151 and , jects; published works ou promin.
^ James Tunstall (1708-1762), divine and classical scholar.
^ Marmaduke Tunstall ( 1743–1790), naturalist; of Wvcliffe Hall, Yorkshire: educated at Douny; publlshed'OrnlthologlaBritaunica 1771; 1
^ Thomas Tunstall or HELMZS, TH ' '. Uoman catholic martyr:.stinlial at lAmuy; miasioner in KIIKland; executed at Norwich.
^ Simon Tunsted (d. 1869), Minorite friar and miscellaneous writer: joined On-y friars at Norwich; disttnguished for learning and piety: d.tor of theology, master of Minorites at Oxford, 1351, and miii.vincial, 1360: author of couimenUiry on ArUtoUe's Meteora alditioiis to Hichanl of Valluu perhaps of valuable trcatiae Quutuor 1'rincipaUa, eg, {vil. 317
^ Mautin Farquhar Tuppee (1K10-18TO). author of 1'roverDial PhiliMopby: bdongwt to ok} Huirtienot family: M.A. Christ Church, oxford, 18J4. and barrister. Lincoln's Inn. 1835: Philosophy poem, 1838. which had a world-wide success (bis name, however, in due time becoming a synonym for the commouplaceX and numerous other works, including hi? naive Ant ibiography 1886; nrped necessity for fefonoe; ingenious inventor; F.K.S., 1845; D.C.L. Oxford, 1847.
^ Nvilliam De Turbe (1095?–1174).
^ Daubeney Ttteberville (1612–1696), physician: M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1640; M.D., 1660; royalist soldier; eye specialist.
^ Turberville or TURBERVILE, EDWARD (1648 ?-1681), informer; Roman catholic; entered household of Lady Molyueux: served in French army, and studied at Douay; pretended, at Lord Stafford's trial, that he had been importuned by him to kill Charles II. but later gave evidence against Stephen College and Shaftesbury, 1681.
^ Turberville or TURBERVILE, GEORGE (1540 7-1610 ?X poet; great-nephew of James Turberville ; scholar of Winchester and (1561) fellow of New College, Oxford; admired at the Inns of Court for excellence in poetry; secretary to Thomas Randolph, ambassador to Russia, 1568; published Epitaphs, Epigrams, Songs, and Sonets 1567; Poems describing... Russia 1568, The Booke of Faulconrie 1576; Tragical Tales 1687 (from the Italian); translated Ovid'sHeroycall Epistles 1567, Mantuan 1567, and Mancinus 1568; commended by Harington and Pnttenham; familiarised employment of Italian models; pioneer in use of blank verse.
^ Henry Ville IK (d. 1239), seneschal of Gascony ; famous soldier; adhered to King John: took part in victory over French fleet in Dover Straits, 1217; seneschal of Gascony, 1226-31 and 1234-8 (with short break, 1237): distinguished himself in Welsh war, 1233, and took Carmarthen; sent to aid the Emperor Frederick H against the Lombards, 1238.
^ Henry Turberville (d. 1678), Roman catholic controversialist: private chaplain; publishedAn Abridgment of Christian Doctrine 1649, andA Manual of Controversies 1654.
^ Turberville or TURBERVYLE, JAMES (d, 1570?), bishop of Exeter; fellow of New College, Oxford; M.A.,1520; graduated D.D. abroad (incorporated, 1532): bishop of Exeter, 1555; refused oath of supremacy and deprived, 1559.
^ Ralph De Turbine (d. 1122). See RALPH D'ESCURES.
^ Hugh Turford (d. 1713), quaker writer : schoolmaster at Bristol; published Grounds of a Holy Life 17u2.
^ Pierre Flavien Turgeon (1787–1867), Roman catholic archbishop of Quebec; director of Quebec seminary, 1821; coadjutor, 1834; archbishop. 1850; supported English policy; organised province and founded Laval University, 1852.
^ Turges or TURGESIUS (d. 815). See THUR nuu
^ Turoot (d. 1115), bishop of St. Andrews; belonged to Brood Saxon family; was imprisoned at Norman Conquest, but escaped and was welcomed by king of Norway; shipwrecked on English coast; studied under Aldwin at Jarrow; became monk and subsequently prior of Durham, 1087, and arclxleacon; assisted in founding new cathedral, 1093, and in translation there of remains of St. Cuthbert, 1104; bishop of St. Andrews, 1109; probably author of Life of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland and her spiritual adviser.
^ Henry Frederic Turle (1835–1883), editor of Notes and Queries: son of James Turle; sub fluently assistant to William John Thorns, editor ofNotes and Queries 1870; editor, 1878.
^ James Turle (1808–1882), organist and composer : chorister at Wells, 1810-13; organist successively of Christ Church, Surrey, and St. James's. Bermondsey: first connected with Westminster Abbey, 1817: organist, 1831-82; composer mostly of church music,
^ John Turmeau (1777–1846), miniature-painter ; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1794-1836.
^ John Caspar Turmeau (1809–1834), architect ; son of John Turineau
^ George Turnbull (1582?–1633), Scots Jesuit; professor and controversial writer.
^ Jo Jin Turnbull (.f. 1800–1813), traveller; made voyage to Pacific islands and published A Voyu"c round the World 1804.
^ William Turnbull (d. 1454). bishop of Gl;i-:v.-. 1447; founder of Glasgow University, 1451.
^ William Turnbull (1729?–1796), physician; published medical works.
^ William Barclay David Turnbull architect and antiquary ; admitted advocate, 1832; founded Abbotsford book- printing club, and edited several works for the society at Edinburgh; became Roman catholic, 1843: barrister, Lincoln's I in;. 1856; edited for Rolls SeriesThe Buik of tho Cronicles of Scotland... by William Stewart 1858; assistant under record commission, 1859, compiling calendars of state papers; obliged to give up employment owing t suspicious aroused by his religion, 1861; edited large number of old authors, translated from the French, and published genealogical works.
^ Mrs Turner . ANNE (157G-161 5), murderess; wife of George Turner; intimate with, and perhaps daughter of the astrologer, Simon Forman; abetted Countess of Essex in poisoning Sir Thomas Overbury ( 15811613), 1613; was hanged at Tyburn.
^ Charles Turner (1774–1857), engraver; engraved plates for Joseph Mallord William Turner's l Liber Studiorum engraver to George III, 1812; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1810-57.
^ Charles Tennyson Turner (1808–1879), poet ; elder brother of Alfred Tennyson, first Baron Tennyson , with whom he publishedPoems by Two Brothers 1827: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1832: vicar of Grasby; changed his name to Turner on succeeding to a great-uncle's property, 1830: published sonnets, 1830, 1864, 1868, and 1873..
^ Cyril Turner (1575?–1626).
^ Daniel Turner (1667–1741), physician ; member of the Barber-SurgeonsCompany; L.R.C.P., 1711; pubihhed medical works.
^ Daniel Turner (1710–1798), hymn-writer: schoolmaster at Hemel Hempstead, and baptist minister successively at Reading and Abiugdon; published hymns sermons, and other works.
^ Dawson Turner (1775–1858), botanist and antiquary; entered Pembroke College, Cambridge; joined the Yarmouth bank, 1796; published The Botanist's Guid* through England and Wales 1805, Natural History of Fuci 1808-19, and other works.
^ Dawson William Turner (lSl. r )-1885), philanthropist and educational writer; son of Dawson Turner; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford; M.A., 1840; D.C.L., 1862.
^ Edward Turner (1798–1837), chemist: M.D. Edinburgh, 1819: studied chemistry and mineralogy abroad; professor of chemistry, University College. London, 1828-37: F.R.S., c. 1831: published Elements of Chemistry 1827.
^ Francis Turner (1638?–1700), bishop of Ely; son of Thomas Turner (1591-1672); scholar of Winchester: probationary fellow of New College, Oxford, 1655; M.A., 1663; D.D., 1669; master of St. John's College, Cambridfire, 1670-9: vice-chancellor, 1678; bishop of Rochester, 1683, of Ely, 1684; joined in the bishopspetition, 1688, but refused oath of allegiance to William and Marj", and was deprived, 1690: corresponded with the exiled James II and was frequently arrested.
^ George Turner (d. 1610), physician ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1676; M.D. abroad: F.R.C.P., 1588, censor, 1591, 1592,1697, 1606, and 1607, and treasurer, 1609-10.
^ Sir George James Turner (1798–1867), lord justice of appeal in chancery: brother of William Turner (1792-1867); M.A., 1822, and fellow, Pembroke College, Cambridge; ban-liter, Lincoln's Inn. 1-. 1840; M.I, Coventry, 1847-61; carried 4 Turn, r simplify cLann-ry proceedings; vice-chancellor, j.rm councillor, and knighted, 1861; member of commiwion for reform of chancery practice, 1861; lord justice of appeal in chancery, 1863; non. D.C.L. Oxford, 1H53.
^ James Tuhner (d. 1604), parliamentary colonel ; executed for burglary.
^ Turner 8m James (1616–1686?), soldier mad author: M.A. Edinburgh, 1631: enlisted In service of Gustavus Adolphus under Sir Jamet Lumnden, and erred in Germany, 1088-4; joined Scottish army in Kiifrland and Ireland and Scotland: took part in invasion of England, 1046; adjntantrgeneral, 1047; joined Hamilton's expedition into England, 1648; returned to Scotland, !150,:ui.i:-.-., m i,:.i.-,.lC!.;,r:,- II t..!.. k itl, -,f A,-, ~t,-r. 1061; joined Charles II In Paris; employed on royalist MOM; kafcttrtri tatanttoa; MMMndrtnvoMfa south-west Scotland to crush opposition of covenanters, 166; oaptored by the rebels; escaped, but was deprived of his commission?, 1668; granted pension by James II; published Pallas Armata(military essays), 1683, and memoirs; probably original of Dugaki Dalgetty. Ivii. 8881
^ Turner .MS Kl Ml MALLOR Liam (1776–1851), landscape-painter; son of a London sold lra wings at a very early age; entered Academy schools, 1789, and was admitted to Reynolds rtudio: exhibited first drawing, view of Lambeth Palace at Royal Academy, 1790: contributed drawings to Walker's Copper- plate Magazine and Harrison's Pocket Magazine and made sketching tours; paid visits to Thomas Monro (1759-1833), called by Ruskin Turner's true master: executed drawings in neutral tint; made tour in the north, which resulted in great developjnent, and exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1798 Morning on the Coniston Fells, Cumberland and other pictures: exhibited Welsh subjects and his first naval battle-piece,The Battle of the Nile 1799: entered hU first style 1800-20, in which he Imitated various old masters, his work including Alpine scenes, 1803, after a tour abroad,Shipwreck 1805,Sun rising through Vapour 1807, Grossing the Brook Dido building Carthage 1815, also Liber Studiorum 1807-19; It. A., 1808; profwsor of perspective, 1808; visited Devonshire, the north, Scotland, the continent, and Italy: from 1830 to 1835 ceased to imitate, and aimed at ideal compositions; executed drawings for Riven of England and Harbours of England 1824; painted the Bay of Baitr 1888,Dido directing the Equipment of the Fleet 1888, andUlysses deriding Polyphemus sometimes regarded as his masterpiece, 1829; executed illustration* for Rogers's Italy 1830, and several other publications; visited south of France, Italy, Rome, 1828, and Venice, c. 1832; painted ceries of splendid pictures of Venice, and the famous Fighting Tcmeraire 1839: entered bU third period 1836-45; travelled in France and Italy, 1836; exhibitedThe Slave Ship 1840: some of his later works severely criticised and ridiculed: his reputation greatly increased by publication of Raskin'sModern Painter? 1843: daring next five years produced characteristic and inimitable works, including pictures from sketches in Switzerland, such asThe Splngen Venetian subjects, such as * The Approach to Venice 1843, together withSnowstorm 1848, and Rain, Steam, and Speed 1844, and attempts to represent rague thought* in colour language, such as War the Exile *: completed histhirdperiod, 1845, his later pictures including 'Whalers a new class of subject; burled in St. Paul's Cathedral.
^ Matthew Turner (d. 1788?), chemist and freethinker: furnished chemical appliances to Josiah Wedgwood; published an answer to Dr. Priestley's Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever 1782.
^ Peter Turner (1542–1614), physician; son of William Turner (d. 1568); M.A. Cambridge: M.D. Heidelberg, 1571 (incorporated at Oxford and Cambridge ): physician at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London: M.P. for Bridport; puritan.
^ Peter Turner (1686–1652), mathematician; son of Peter Turner (1542-1614); B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1606: fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1007, M.A., 1612; Gresham professor of geometry, 1620-81; . 1811 ! n..MO,;... M,.,....,
^ Richard Turner (d. 1566?) protestant divine; M. lfc*dfttaC BMLfetM,:-.. I r t:- 1- i-. 1662; curate to IUlphMorior: chaplain to Cranmer; obtained various nnfernsnU; In II Inf. fin IIIIB JIMMJ met vttt Mi LitE A. IMS; pMtartMj Z. and vicar of Dart ford; Oed to Balc at guro Mary accession; restored, 1669.
^ Richard Turner (76M7W). author; son of Richard Turner (1724?-1791); writer of standard school text-book*.
^ Richard Turner (1724?–1791), divine and author; vicar of Elmley Castle and rector of Little Comberton, 1764; hon. LL.D. Glasgow, 1786; wrote locational works.
^ Robert Turner (d. 1599), Roman catholic divine: professor at Douay. Rome, Kictutadt, and logolstadt: rector of Ingolstadt University and D.D.: canon of Breslan and Latin secretary to Archduke Ferdinand; author of Latin sermons.
^ Robert Turner (.*. 1040–1664), astrologer mat botanist; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1 Usbed Mipoo7MO 1664, Bor.KoAoyiV 1664, with other astrological works and translations.
^ Samuel Turner (d. 1647?), royalist: son of Peter Turner (1542-1614): M.A. St. AUwn Hall, Oxford, 1604: M.D. Padua; M.P., Sbaftesbury. 1626, and in the Long parliament; nleo in Charles I Oxford parliament; attacked Buckingham in House of Commons, 1686; voted against Stratford's attainder, 1641; defeated parliamentarians at Henley, 1643.
^ Samuel Turner (1749?–1802), Asiatic traveller; captain, East India service; led expedition to Thibet, 1783-4, and wrote an account, 1800; present at siege of Seringapatam, 1794; P.RJS., 1801.
^ Samuel Turner (1706–1810), Irish informer; B.A., 1781, and LL.D. Dublin. 1787; barrister and United Irishman; fled abroad, 1797, but returned, 1803; enjoyed friendship of O'Connell, but had betrayed the cause.
^ Sharon Turner (1768–1847), historian; attorney; studied Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon literature, and published his chief work, History of England from the earliest period to the Norman Conquest 1799-1806, a complete revelation; F.S.A.; received civil list pension.
^ Sydney Turner (1814–1879), dean of Ripon; son of Sharon Turner; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1880, and of Reformatory School at !; inspector of reformatories; dean of Ripon, 1876-0.
^ Thomas Turner (1591–1672), dean of Canterbury; M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1618; fellow; created D.D.. 1633; received numerous preferments; chaplain successively to Laud and Charles I: dean of lUxsbester, 1642, of Canterbury. 1644; attended Charles I devotedly; subsequently was deprived and imprisoned; reinstated at Restoration.
^ Thomas Turner (1645–1714), president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; son of Thomas Turner (1591-1672); scholar and fellow of Corpus; M.A.. 1669; D.D., 1688; archdeacon of Essex and canon of St. Paul's, London; president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1688-1714; erected the fellows buildings, 1715.
^ Thomas Turner (1749–1809), potter; son of Richard Turner (1724?-179l); excellent chemist and designer; succeeded to The Salopian China Warehouse pottery works; introduced willow pattern.
^ Thomas Turner (1798–1873), surgeon; studied at Guy's and St. Thomas's hospitals, London, and at Paris; house-surgeon at Manchester Infirmary. 1817-80: A * t - _T*._ t_tl__t **- * * WMM!* **i iltT instrumental in of medicine and surgery; surgeon to Deaf and Dumb Inattention, 1886, and to Royal Infirmary, Manchestar, 1MO; professor of philosophy at Manchester Royal Institution, 1848; FJLCJJnlWJ: published malks* worta.
^ Thomas Hudson Turner (1815-18.VJ), antiquary; held post at nvord otliec in the Tower of London: edited Manners 1.11 1 Household KxX'iie of Kn!:iml in the Thiru-enth;inl Fifteenth Centuries 1SU, and published other works.
^ Sir Tomkyns Hilgrove Turner (1766?-1843), general; ensign, 1782; served in Holland, 1793-4; "Ion.-!, serving in Egyptian campaign, 1801; fought at Aboukir Bay and Alexandria; brought to England the Rosetta stone; received foreign decorations; assistant and quartermaster-general, 1803; brigadier-general to staff in South America, 1807; colonel of 19th foot, 1811; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, knighted, and appointed lieutenant-governor of Jersey, 1814-16, of Bermuda. 1825-1831; general, 1830; G.C.H. and groom of the bedchamber; published archaeological works.
^ William Turner (f. 1568), dean of Wells; physician and botanist; M.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1533; fellow and (1538) senior treasurer; intimate with Ridley and Latiiner: published at Cambridge several works, including Libellus de re Herbaria 1538; left Cambridge. 1540; travelled abroad, studied botany, and became intimate with Gesner and others; returned to England at accession of Edward VI; became chaplain and physician to Duke of Somerset; M.P. and prebendary of York; dean of Wells, 155U; deprived, 1553; lived abroad during Mary's reign; reinstated, 1560; opposed nil ceremonial: suspended for nonconformity, 1564; wrote botanical works, including his 'Herbal which marks start of scientific botany in England; his religious controversial works forbidden to be read in England in English; said to have introduced lucern into England.
^ William Turner (1653–1701), divine: M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1675; incumbent of Walbcrton and Binstead; chief work,Compleat History of the most Remarkable Providences... in this Present Age 1697
^ William Turner (1651 - 1740). musician ; chorister at Christ Church, Oxford, and Chapel Royal, London, one of the authors of the Club Anthem; sair in choirs of Lincoln Cathedral, St. Paul's, London, and Westminster; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, London, 1669; Mus.Doc. Cambridge, 1696; composed secular and sacred music, including various anthems.
^ William Turner primus (1714–1794). dissenting divine; minister at Wakefield and elsewhere; contributed to Priestley'sTheological RepositoryandHarmony of the Evangelists
^ William Turner , tcrtitu (1788–1853), dissenting minister; son of William Turner (1761-1859); M.A. Glasgow, 1806; mathematical and philosophical tutor, Manchester College; chief work, Lives of Eminent Unitarians 1840-3.
^ William Turner , secundus (1761–1859), dissenting divine; son of William Turner (1714-1794); minister at Newcastle; published several works.
^ Tuj truut, WILLIAM (1789 - 1862), 'Turner of Oxford' artist; taught at Oxford; painted pictures of Bnfttd) scenery.
^ William Turner (1792–1867), diplomatist and author; brother of Sir George James Turner entered foreign office; attached to embassy at Constantinople; published Journals of a Tour in the Levant 1820; envoy to Columbia, 1829-38.
^ Edward Tracy Turnerelli (1813–1896), artist; Mm of Peter Turnerelli; sketched Russian monuments for the czar, 1836-54: projector of people's tribute * to Lord Beaconsfield, 1878; published miscellaneous works.
^ Peter Turnerelli (1774–1839), sculptor: grandson of Italian refugee: gained medal at Royal Academy: instructor to princesses, 1797-1801: executed buate, including those of Wellington, Blucher, George III, oroniH!. priiu-esw Charlotte, and Prince Leopold, and memorials, including that of Burns at Dumfries; represented sitters in ordinary costume.
^ Robkht Dk Turnham (d. 1211), baron ; brother f Stephen de Turnham; took part in third cru idf: instii-iar of Cyprus. IIM: commanded Riehard I's tonvs in Anjou, 1197; John's seneschal in Foitou and ny, 1201-5.
^ Stephen Turnham " DK (d. 1215), justice ; brother of Robert de Turnham; went on third .rr.side: escorted Berengaria to Rome, 1193; justice itinerant in Richard I's and John's reigns.
^ Turnor Sir CHRISTOPHER (1607–1675), judge; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1633: barrister Middle Temple, 1633; bencher, 1651; joint receiver general of South Wales, 1639-62; baron of exchequer and knighted at Restoration; served on several important commissions.
^ Edmund Turnor (1755?-1829), antiquary ; descended from Sir Edmund Turner, brother of Sir Christopher Turnor; M.A. Trinity College. Cambridge, 1781; F.S.A., 1778; F.R.S., 1786; M.P., Midhurst, 1802-6; publishedChronological Tables... of the County of Lincoln 1779. and other works.
^ Sir Edward Turnor (1617 - 1676), judge : entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1632; barrister. Middle Temple, 1640; treasurer, 1662; M.P., Essex; K.G., 1660; knighted, 1660; speaker of the House of Commons, 1661; solicitor-general; lord chief-baron of exchequer, 1670. * TURNOR, Sm EDWARD (1643-1721), gentleman of the privy chamber; M.P., Oxford; son of Sir Edward Turnor (1617-1676)
^ Cyril Turnour (1575?–1626).
^ George Turnour (1799–1843), orientalist ; entered Ceylon civil service, 1818; identified King Piyadassi with As6ka; edited the Mahavamsa 1836.
^ Turold ( H. 1075–1100), romance- writer ; supposed author of the Chanson de Roland
^ Richard Turpin (1706–1739), robber; son of an innkeeper at Hempstead, Essex; joined pan? of robbers; entered into partnership with the highwayman Tom King on the Cambridge road, 1735, whom he shot by accident; escaped to Yorkshire; arrested for horsestealing and hanged at York, the romances connected with his name being legendary.
^ Tur ftUET DE MAYERNE, Sm THEODORE (1673–1655).
^ Turstin (d. 1140).
^ Thomas Turswell (1548–1585), canon of St. Paul's, London; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1574: canon of St. Paul's, London, 1580; possible author of 'A View of certain Wondcrfull Effects of late Dayes 1578.
^ John Turton (1735–1806), physician : M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1759: M.D. University College, Oxford, 1767; obtained Radcliffe travelling fellowship, 1761; F.R.S., 1763: F.R.C.P., 1768; physician to George III and royal family.
^ Thomas Turton (1780–1864), bishop of Ely : senior wrangler, Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1805: fellow, 1806; tutor, 1807; M.A., 1808: B.D., 1816; Lueasian professor of mathematics, 1822; regius professor of divinity, 1827; dean of Peterborough, 1830, of Westminster, 1845; bishop of Ely, 1845; vigorous controversial writer; composed church music.
^ William Turton (1762–1835), conchologist ; M.A. and M.B. Oriel College, Oxford, 1791: practised at Swansea; F.L.S., 1809; chief work, A Ooneholo.rical Dictionary of the British Islands 1819.
^ Tus 8AUD, MARIE, MADAME TCSRAUD (1760–1850), founder of the wax-work exhibition; nix Gresholtz; born at Berne; assisted her uncle Curtius in his Cabinet de Cire in the Palais Royal, Paris; taught Madame Elisabeth; modelled heads of victims of the Terror; married Tussaurt; separated from him, 1800, and, migrating to England, transferred museum to Lyceum, Strand, London, 1 802, later to Blackheath, and finally settled at Baker Street, London.
^ Thomas Tusser (1524? –1580), agricultural writer and poet: chorister at St. Paul's, London: w -n to Eton, King's College, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; iuin.-i the court as musician to William PagH, flret bnnm 1'aget; fanned at Cattiwade, Sutlolk, awl intr.!-i..... i C.!:iuv..f b-.rley: dml pri-. put.lish.,1Hiiiidreth Good Point** of Hmban7 amplifl,.l,. 1 1573), TOM of quaint.-,(;.., m.,i expression, nuuiy proverbs being traceable buck to this work.
^ Tutchin .V-1707), whig pamphleteer ; iPoem* 16*5; took part in Monmouth's n-iH-lli.in. less, aud was sentenced to seven yean* Imprisonment by Jeffrey*, who was bribed alter ward* to n,l (Minion: clerk in victualling office. r. 169J, Missed: publishedThe Foreigners: a Poem Coking William III and tbe Dutch, awl provoking Defoe's Tbe True-born Englishman; was arrested: established The Observator 1708, whig organ, and attacked the tories: publishedA Dialogue between a Dissenter and the - ( h-rvator." 17 was proeecoted by attorney-general, 1703; tried snbse rititly for attack on naval administration, but escaped on technical grounds: an ally of Defoe, though frequently quarrelling with him.
^ Tttthill Put GEORGE LBMAN (1772–183G), jhysician; M.A., I8oi. and.M.D.. 1810, Ouiu* College, dambridge: kept prisoner in France for several yean; PJL&, 1810: F.K.C.P.. IM7: liuuumian lecturer, 1H18; censor, 1819 and 1830; knighted, 18)0; phy-ic-iau to Westminster aud other hospitals; active promoter of Pharmacopoeia Loudiniensis 1824.
^ Lawi Tuttiett tEXCE (IS25-1X97), hymn-writer: canou of St. Ninian'i* Cathedral, Perth. 1877: piiMished Uymns for Churchmen. 1 1
^ Tweddzll .TuJlX (1769–1799), classical scholar; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1793, where he distinguished himself: fellow, 1792; published Prolnsioues
^ Twining i iloMAS (1776-1W1), ..! -..:,...II..-:.. (1 749-18*4) I HOMAS Uchnical education; son of 1792; travelled abroad, 1795, and diol at Athens. His valuable journals and pictures disappeared.
^ Twu mro, WILUAM (1790–1835), army ! i:.. -.;:,.. and present at Waterloo: hospital; author of Clinical of Bengal 1832. aud other r
^ William Twining (1813–1848 1 I n Ualliol College, oxford; son ol Richanl Twining H771-1857) Ivtt. Bj T WI8DEN.
^ Twisleton I) TURNER BOYD (180 1H74). IN.!. v of lUilliol ColUv. Oxford. 1830 1SJH; M.A., 1834: barrister. Inner Temple. ISM; served on numerous commission*, 1HJ 7o; nubU*hed, TinTongue not Essential to Speech 1873.
^ Francis Twiss (1760-18J7X compiler; brother of Richard Twins: married Fanny Ketnbte, sister of v-. 1.1..:,-.:-.;.:..;... published Index to Sliakespeare, 1806. f". *
^ Horace Twiss (1787–1849), wit and politician; n of Francis Twiss: bar 1811, treasurer, 1x38: contributed *i:;- to Uw papers* K.C., 1827; M.P.. Wootton lJa.ett, 1810-80. Newport Vight ), lH.To-1: iudv'c-advocate of the fleet, 18: umi.T-ri-etary of war and colonies. 1828-30; vehemently opposed reform. wrote for The Times: vice-chancellor .-.lu.-hy of Uuicu-ter, 1844; published a life of Lord EMon. 1844.
^ Ralph Hart Tweddell (1843–1895), engineer anl inventor of hydraulic riveter: patented portable hydraulic apparatus, 1865, and stationary hydraulic riveting machine, 1866; designed portable riveting machine, 1871.
^ Marquiabs Tweeddale nv. See HAY. .i.ii. second KAKL and first MARQUIS, 1626-1697: UAY, JOHN, second MARQUIS, 1645-1713; HAT, JOHN, fourth MARyns,.. 1762: HAY, GEOBOK, eighth M.Kgns, 17H71876; and HAY, AuTHCit, ninth MAIII is, 1824-1878.
^ Alexaxder Tweedie (1794–1884 X physician : M.I). Edinburgh, 1815: house-surgeon to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; F.R.C.P., 1838; Lumleian lecturer, 1858-9: physician to London Fever Hospital, 1824; F.itS., 1838; published medical works.
^ William Mbnzibs Tweedie (1826–1878). portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy.
^ Leonard Twells (rf. 1742), divine: B.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1704; M.A. Oxford, by diploma, 1733: created D.D. Oxford, 1740; prebendary of St. Paul's. London; published controversial and religions work.-.
^ Robert Dk Tweng (1205?–1268?). See
^ Elizabeth Twining (1805–1889), philanthropist and botanist: daughter of Richard Twining (1772-1857)
^ Richard Twining (1749–1824). director India Company and tea-merchant: wrote journal* and letters.
^ Richard Twining (1772–1867), tea-merchant; F.R.S.: son of Richard Twining (1749-1824)
^ Thomas Twining (1735–1804), translator of Aristotle's 4 Poetics; half-brother of Richard Twining (1749-1824); scholar and fellow, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1763; rector of St. Mary's, Colchester, 1788-1804; published translation of the Poetics 1789; left interesting correspondence; Mt tft and linguist.
^ Richard Twiss (1747–1811), writer; brother of Francis Twia*: pabuVhed Travels through Portugal and SiIn 1775, and other works; P.ILS., 1774.
^ Twiss Piu TItAVERS (1809–1897), civilian: MJU 1832. and D.C.L.. 1841, University Colleir,-. and tutor and public examiner: barrister, Lincoln Inn. 1840, bencher, 1858: I "run..r of political economy. 1842-7; professor of Inl College, London, 1862-5; reglus profwsor of civil law. Oxford. 1855-7(1; Q.C., 1858; chancellor of London diocv-e. IW.8: admiralty a-lvocate-general, 1863: knighted, , 1867: took important part in congress at Berlin, 1884- 5: chief work. The Law of Nations considered a pendent Political Communities 1861-3.
^ William Twiss (1745–1827). general, colooelcommandant, royal engineers; employed at Gibraltar and Portsmouth: aide-de-camp to William Phillips q. T.I, taking part in:.uust th- Fruiu-U, mpertntended con.-t ruction of tia-t for Lake Champlain ubich dcfeatol French: as commanding engineer took part in capture of Ticon-li-ro--.i. 1777; taken prisoner at Saratoga, but exchanged: employed in various parU of Canada and at Portsmouth ami ebewlwre: commanding engineer of southern district, and of Duke of i army in Holland. 1799; colonel--onmtan.utnt. K.E 1809. beoteaant-ffeoanl, 1812: outhor of several uivful mil.I tary invention
^ William Twisse (1578?-1646), puritan divine; nephew of Thomas Bilson; M.A. New College, Oxford 1604; D.D.. 1614; probationer fellow. 1596; chaplain to Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, at Heidelberg. 1613, but recalled and made rector of Newington Longueville: ricar .Miry. 1620; protested against the DecUrmtion of Sports; prolocutor of Westminster Assembly, 1643, but opposed alienation of church property; published contro :..,l
^ Twm Shon Catti (1530–1630. See Thomas Jones.
^ Josiah Twyford (1640–1729), potter; ..n Philip Elerx and learnt h. set up manufactory of stone wares at Shelton.
^ Sir Nicholas Twyford (d London: warden of Goldsmiths Company; gokismi Edward III, 1360; sheriff, 1378: belonged to John of nrii.3M . Ml tal mam mpany: snUsmith O*ant'8 party: rival of Sir Nicholas Brembre; preeent with Sir William Yalworth nt Wat Tyler's death, 13.sl, and was knighted; lord mayor, 1388.
^ Brian Twyne (1579?–1644), Oxford antiquary; son of Thomas Twyne; fellow, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1605; M.A., 1603; B.D., 1610; vicar of Rye, 1614; published Antiquitatis Academiae Oxoniensis Apologia 1608, and Account of the Musterings of the University of Oxford (printed, 1733); made valuable collections on early history and antiquities of Oxford; one of the editors of Laud's university statutes.
^ John Twyne (1501?–1581), schoolmaster and author; B.C.L. Oxford, 1525; master of grammar school, Canterbury; M.P., Canterbury, 1653 and 1554; mayor, 1554; often in trouble with the authorities; wrote De Rebus Albionicis (published, 1590), Communia Loca and other works.
^ Lawrence Twyne (. 1576), translator; son of John Twyne; B.C.L. All Souls College, Oxford, 1564; fellow; published Patterne of Painefull Aduentares 1576.
^ Thomas Twyne (1543–1613), physician; son of John Twyne; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1564; M.A., 1568; M.D. Oxford, 1593; M.D. Cambridge; practised at Lewes; author of several works, including the completion (Bks. xi., xii., and xiii.) of Thomas Phaer's translation of the Eneid.
^ John Twysden (1607–1688), physician; brother of Sir Roger Twysden; educated at University College, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1634: M.D. Angers, 1646; F.R.O.P., 1664; chief work, Medicina veternm Vindicata 1666.
^ Sir Roger Twysden, second baronet (1597–1672), historical antiquary; brother of Sir Thomas Twysden ; educated at St. Paul's School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge: occupied himself in improving his property at Roydon Hall, and in study; refused to pay ship-money; M.P. for Kent in Short parliament, but alienated from parliament by cause of subsequent proceedings; signed petition from Kent, 1642, and was summoned before the House as delinquent; released on bail, but imprisoned again on publication of the Instructions 1642; being discovered endeavouring to escape abroad, was imprisoned and his estates sequestrated, 1643; returned to Kent, 1650, and engaged in literary pursuits; at Restoration became deputy -lieutenant, but remained unreconciled to the court and government: published The Commoners Liberty 1648, Historiae Anglicanae Scriptores Decem 1652, a work which entitles him to rank among the pioneers in English mediaeval history, and An Historical Vindication of the Church of England 1657; left an unfinished treatise and manuscripts.
^ Sir Thomas Twysden or Twisden (1602-1683), judge; brother of Sir Roger Twysden; of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; barrister, Inner Temple, 1626; bencher, 1646; though staunch royalist became serjeant-at-law under Commonwealth, and defended Cony, 1655, for which he was imprisoned; confirmed in status at Restoration, made judge in king's bench, and knighted; created baronet, 1666; son of the judge of the regicides.
^ Christopher Tye (1497?–1572), musician; chorister at King's College, Cambridge: master of the choir boys at Ely, 1543; Mus.Doc. Cambridge. 1545; obtained living of Doddington, Newton-cum-Oapeila, and Wilbrahara Parva; published Actes of the Apostles 1653, with music, excellent compositions as part-songs, some of which, with alterations, have become well-known hymn tunes, such as Winchester sung to While shepherds waU-bed; composer of anthems and other music, mostly "acred.
^ Daniel Tyerkan (1773–1828). missionary: congregational minister at Newport, Isle of Wight, and elsewhere; visited southern stations of London Missionary Society, and died at Antananarivo; author of religious works and journals.
^ Jonathan Tyers (d. 1767), proprietor of Vauxhall Gardens; opened them, 1732; instituted concerts and enjoyed patronage of Frederick, prince of Wales, and fashionable Society.
^ Thomas Tyers (1726–1787), author; son of Jonathan Tyers; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, ; 1745; barrister, Inner Temple, 1757; joint-manager with ! his brother of Vauxhall Gardens, 17(7; favourite with Dr. Johnson, and described in the Idler as Tom Restless; published Political Conferences 1780, and biographical essays.
^ Tylden Sm JOHN MAXWELL (1787–1866), lieutenant-colonel: brother of William Burton Tylden; i served in Monte Video, 1807, and Java expeditions, 1811; ; in Peninsular war, 1813, and in America, 1814: knighted, 1812; J.P. and D.L.
^ Richard Tylden (1819–1855), captain, R.E. ; son ! of William Burton Tylden; commanded district at the Cape and defeated Kaffirs; promoted brevet colonel; fought at Alma and was present at his father's , death, 1854; distinguished himself at Sebastopol: promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel: was twice severely wounded; made aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria, colonel, and C.B., 1855; died at Malta.
^ See Thomas Godden.
^ William Burton Tylden (1790–1854), colonel, R.E.; brigadier-general; brother of Sir John Maxwell Tylden; as lieutenant, R.E., employed at Gibraltar, Malta, and Messina, 1808-12; was commanding R.E. at capture of Santa Maria, 1814, and of Genoa; mentioned in despatches, and promoted brevet-major; served in Netherlands and Prance, 1815, and elsewhere; took part in battle of the Alma, 1854; died of cholera.
^ Tyldesley Sm THOMAS (1596-1C51), royalist general: of Morleys Hall, Astley; served in German wars; commanded regiments raised by himself at Edgehill, 1642: stormed Burton-upon-Trent; made knight and brigadier; governor of Lichfleld, 1645; surrendered at Appleby, 1648; landed with Derby in Lancashire: defeated and slain at Wigan Lane.
^ Sir Charles Tyler (1760–1835), admiral ; entered navy, 1771; served on various stations; served under Nelson, 1795-1802; severely wounded at Trafalgar, 1805, and granted pension; received surrender of Russian fleet at Lisbon, 1808; commander-in-chief at the Cape, 1812-15; admiral, 1826; G.C.B., 1833.
^ Sir George Tyler (1792–1862), vice-admiral; son of Sir Charles Tyler: lieutenant-governor of St. Vincent, 1833-40; vice-admiral, 1857.
^ James Endell Tyler (1789–1851), divine; fellow, 1812, and tutor, 1818-26, of Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1813; incumbent of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London, 1826; canon of St. Paul's, London, 1845; published religious works.
^ Walter Tyler, Tegheler Tyler, or HELIER, WALTER or Wat (d. 1381), rebel ; to be distinguished from John Tyler who killed collector of poll-tax; leader in the rebellion. 13 and 14 June 1381; presented demands to Richard II at Smithfield on 15th, and was killed by Lordmayor Walworth and (according to Froissart) Ralph Standish.
^ William Tyler (d. 1801), sculptor and architect ; director of Society of Artists; original R.A., 1768.
^ Alfred Tylor (1824–1884), geologist; Quaker and brassfounder; published On Changes of Sea Level 1853, and other works.
^ Thomas Tymme (d. 1620), translator and author; rector of St. Antholin, Budge Row, London, and of Hasketon; translated De la Ramee's history of French civil wars, 1574, and published translations and A Siluer Watchbell (19th edit. 1659), a popular book of devotion.
^ Samuel Tymms (1808–1871), antiquary; bookseller at Lowestoft; studied antiquities, especially those at Bury St. Edmunds; F.S.A., 1883, and local secretary; chief work, Bury Wills and Inventories 1860.
^ William Tyndale (d. 1536), translator of tinbible: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1616; subsequently studied at Cambridge: before 1622 preached in Gloucestershire and introduced the new learning: involved in disputes with the clergy; translated Erasmus's Enchiridion Militis Christiani; was summoned before William of Molvern and rebuked for his iirn.-.T.liniM: determined to trunsbito New Testament into vi-rn;i.-iiUr: n-mov.-.i t.. 1,.11-lon, 1523; left for Hamburg to accomplish his translation. ism.,m,l v.Mtoi Luther at Wittenberg;; menced printing at Cologne, 1626, but was stopped by injunction from Cologne senate; completed work at Worms in different form, and introduced copies into England, which were denounced, contrary to Wolsev's advice by the bishops, 1526, and copies destroyed; was himself ordered to be seized at Worms by Wotor: escaped to protection of Philip the Magnanimous, landgrave of Hesse, at Marburg: became wingllan DublishedParable of the Wicked Mammon Undenounced by More), and The Obediece of a Christen man 1628, laying down supreme authority of scripture in the church and of king in state: approved by Henry VII; to Hamburg, and subsequently to Antwerp; wrote The Praotyse of prelates 1530, denouncing Roman hierarchy, dialoge 1531; his surrender demanded by Henry VIII from the emperor, 1531, which being refused, instructions were Issued for kidnapping him: left Antwerp, but returned, 1533, and occupied himself in revising translation of the Bible: betrayed by Henry Phillips to Imperial officers, ho arrested him for heresy; imprisoned at Vilvorde, 1535, and strangled and burned at the stake there, in spite of Cromwell's Intercession. He was one of the most remarkable of the Reformation leaden; his original writings show sound scholarship, but his translation of the bible consisting of New Testament, 1525, Pentateucli, e. 1530, and Jonah, 1531 the accuracy of which has been endorsed by translators of authorised version, is his surest title to fame.
^ John Tyndall (1820–1893), natural philosopher : born at Leighlin Bridge, co. Carlow; employed on surveys and as railway engineer; teacher of mathematics and surveying at Queenwood College, Hampshire, with Frankland: studied with him at Marburg under Bunscn, 18481850: Ph.D. Marburg, 1850; published, with Knoblauch, investigation On the Magneto-optic Properties of Crystals 1850; went to Berlin and published other papers on same subject, afterwards collected in Diamagnetism 1870; returned to Queenwood, 1851; F.H.S., 1852; formed friendship with Huxley; lectured at Royal Institution and became professor of natural philosophy there, 1853, and colleague of Faraday, whom he succeeded as superintendent, 1867-87; made Important Investigations in Penrhyn slate-quarries, and subsequently in the Alps, with Huxley, upsetting the plastic theory; embodied their investigations in The Glaciers of the Alps 1860; made first ascent of the Weisshorn, 1861; conducted his important researches on Radiant Heat in its relation to Oases and Vapours 1859-71; removed all vagueness regarding the once widely received doctrines of spontaneous generation, his memoirs being collected In Contributions to Molecular Physics 1872, and Floating Matter of the Air 1881; Rumford medallist, 1869; M.D. Tubingen; succeeded Faraday as scientific adviser to Trinity House and Board of Trade, 1866, and undertook investigations embodied in 'On Sound 1867, and others on light: resigned, 1883; gave lectures in America, 1872-3, and published their substance in Light 1873, also * Heat considered as a Mode of Motion 1863, and other works. As writer Tyndall did much in popularising science, his works being translated into most European and some Eastern languages and widely read throughout the world.
^ Barons Tyrawiey . See O'HARA, SIR CHARLKP, first BARON, 1640 7-1724; O'HARA, JAMKH, second BARON, 1690-1773.
^ Earl Tyrconnel and titular Duke of Tyrconnell. See Richard Talbot , 1630–1691.
^ James Tyrie (1543–1597), Jesuit theologian; studied at St Andrews University: was carried abroad by Edmund Hay; became Jesuit at Rome, 15C3; professor and subsequently rector of Clermont College; wrote a Refutation in answer to John Knox, 1573, and disputed publicly with Andrew Melville at Paris, 1574; concerned in affair of the Spanish Blanks, 1598.
^ Earls Op Tyrone . See O'NKILL, Cox BACACH, first EAUL, 1484?-1569?; O'NEILL, HUGH, 16407-1616, and O'NKILL, SHAKK, second KABLR. 1630 T-1667: POWBE. KI.-H MI,. first KARL of the Power family, 1*10-1690.
^ Tyrrell A NTH(XY( 1552–1610?X renegade priest d ipy: descendant of Sir John TynA ToTrJI:otti VkSkl j.u. * * J * I..:;.. ing at Denham. 1686 oom J..,.:I":.-..: conspirator, and other plotters; became spy, and.fur ewaping abroad again and showing nuX vmcUlattcW. prouounced recantation at St. Paul's'Orces and livings of Southmlnster and Dengir; fell company, tried to escape on 1
^ Frederick Tyrrell (179S-1M1X nrgton : surgeon at St. Thomas's Hospital, London, 1822, and lecturer on anatomy; assistanWorgeon to London Bye Infirmary. imiTak&iMtttv+iiXSZnS Byes 1840.
^ Tyrrell or TYRELL. 8m JAMES (d. 1602), supposed murderer of the princes in the Tower of London: grandson of Sir John Tyrrell; strong Yorkist; knighted after buttle of Tewkesbnry, 1471; M.P.,1 wall, 1477; fought under Richard HI in Sooth was made knight-banneret, 1482: master of the Richard III; according toHistoric of Kyng Rrcbaide the Thirde Instrumental In murder of the princes: became steward of duchy of Cornwall and chamberlain of exchequer; given posts in Wales by H general pardons: lieutenant of castle of was concerned in Suffolk's flight, 1601, and having confessed to murder of the princes.
^ James Tyrrell (1642–1718), historical writer: M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1663; barrister. Inner Temple, 1666; J.P. and deputy-lieutenant for Rucking . bamshire, but deprived by James II for refusing to sapportdeclaration of indulgence 1687; intimate friend of Locke: chief work, Patriarcha non Monarch* 1681, advocating limited monarchy, in reply to Fumer's i Patriarcha
^ Sir John Tyrrell (d. 1437), speaker of the Home of Commons: M.P. for Essex, 1411 and 1411; present at Agincourt, 1415; sheriff, 1423; speaker. 1427, 1431, 1437; treasurer to Henry VL
^ Sir Thomas Tyrrell (1594–1672), judge; belonged to family of Sir John Tyrrell; barrister. Inner Temple, 1621, bencher, 1669; deputy-lieutenant for Buckinghamshire, 1642; nerved under Bedford and Bseex. and fought at Lostwithlel, 1644: M.P., Aylesbury, 16691660: joint-commissioner of great seal and serjeant-atlaw; at Restoration knighted and justice of common pleas; served on various commissions.
^ Walter Tyrrell (yl. 1100). See Tirel
^ John Tyrwhitt (1601–1671). See Spencer.
^ Richard St John Tyrwhitt (1827–1895), writer on art; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1862: student and tutor; vicar of St. Mary Magdalen, Oxford, 1868-72; exhibited at Royal Academy and elsewhere; author of A Handbook of Pictorial Art 1866, and other works.
^ Sir Robert Tyrwhitt or Tirwhit (d. 1428), judge; advocate in Richard II's reign; member of council of duchy of Lancaster; serjeant on Henry IV's accession, 1399; judge of king's bench and knighted, 1406.
^ Robert Tyrwhitt (1735–1817), Unitarian; brother of Thomas Tyrwhitt; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1769: resigned, 1779; a founder of London Unitarian Society 1791, but withdrew; contributed to Commentaries and Essays.
^ Thomas Tyrwhitt (1730–1786), classical commentator; educated at Eton and Queen's College, Oxford: fellow of Merton, 1766; M.A. 1766: published works while undergraduate: barrister. Middle Temple, 1766: deputy-secretary at war, 1756; clerk of the House of Commons, 1762-8: edited Proceedings... of the House of Commons, 1620-1 1766, and Blsinge's Manner of holding Parliaments 1768: credited with of almas t every European tongue and master of 1 and classical literature; published an~fl"i* . upon... Shakespeare 1766, Canterbury Tales of Chaucer 1775, Poems supposed to have been written... by Thomas Rowley (chief work exposing the Rowley forgeries), 1777 and 1778, and editions; ind .1 authors, including AristoU-lN dPoetica Liber, Gnece et Latlne posthumous, 1794, and 'De Lapiditnis 17sl, lxldly assigning the latter work ( Yi0ta), to the era of Constantino; F.H.S., 1771, and trustee of the British Museum, 1784.
^ John Tysdale (fl. 1550–1563). See Tisdale.
^ Tysilio (yf. 600), British saint; founded Meifod Church, Montgomeryshire; reputed by tradition, but without foundation, poet and historian.
^ Edward Tyson (1650–1708), physician; M.A. I Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1673: M.D. Cambridge; F.R.C.P., 1683; censor, 1694; physician to Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals; lectured on anatomy to Barber Surgeons; published first in England monographs on particular, animals: declared the pigmies, cynocephali, satyrs, and sphinges of the ancients to have been merely apes in Orang Outang 1699.
^ Michael Tyson (1740–1780), antiquary and artist; fellow of Corpus Christ! College, Cambridge, 1767; bursar, 1774; M.A., 1767; made tour in north and Scotland with Richard Gough, 1766; contributed to Mason's life of Gray; FJ3.A. and F.R.S.; rector of Lambourne, 1778; Whitehall preacher, 1776; executed engravings, etchings, and miniatures, and contributed to Philosophical Transactions and other publications.
^ Richard Tyson (1680–1750), physician; son of Edward Tyson; M.D. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1716: president, Royal College of Physicians, 1746-50; Harveian orator, 1725.
^ Richard Tyson (1730–1784), physician ; greatnephew of Edward Tyson; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1753: M.D., 1760; censor, Royal College of Physicians, 17C3, 1768, 1773, and 1776.
^ Alexander Fraser Tytler , Lord Woodhouselee (1747–1813), historian; son of William Tytler ; studied at Edinburgh University; Scottish barrister, 1770; published The Decisions of the Court of Session 1778; became professor of universal history at Edinburgh University, and published Elements of General History 1801, and other historical works; judge-advocate of Scotland. 1790; publishedEssay on the Principles of Translation 1791, Memoirs... of ... Lord Kames, 1807, and numerous miscellaneous works; judge of session as Lord Woodhous; l.v. IHI-J: lord of justiciary, 1811.
^ Henry William Tytler (1752–1808), physician and translator; brother of James Tytler; translated Callimachus, 1793.
^ James Tytler (1747?-1805), 'Balloon Tytler,' miscellaneous writer; unsuccessful surgeon and apothecary at Edinburgh and Leith; printed several works in debtors refuge at Holyrood with press constructed by himself; edited and wrote large portions of second and third editions of Encyclopaedia Britannica; first in Great Britain to navigate the air 1784; published The Observer weekly paper, 1786, and verses and historical works; published A Pamphlet on the Excise and The Historical Register 1792, and fled to America to escape arrest, where he died.
^ Patrick Fraser Tytler (1791–1849), Scottish historian; son of Alexander Fraser Tytler, lord Woodhouselee; studied at Edinburgh University: wrot? Essay on the History of the Moors during their Govern, ment in Spain; became Scottish barrister, 1813; visited Paris; made acquaintance with Archibald Alison, Sir Walter Scott, and others; king's counsel in exchequer, 1816; published The Life of the Admirable Crichton 1819; took part with Scott in forming Bannatyne Club. 1822; published History of Scotland, 1828-43, England under the Reign of Edward VI and Mary 1839, and several other works, including Scotland in seventh edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica 1839.
^ William Tytler (1711–1792), Scottish historian; educated at Edinburgh University; writer to the signet; joined the Select Society; apologist of the Scottish queen in The Inquiry... into the Evidence against Mary Queen of Scots 1759; published The Poetical Remains of James I 1783; discovered James I's Kingis Quair.

[1] John Nichols Tom or Thom (1799–1838), impostor and madman; son of an innkeeper and farmer: clerk and subsequently hop-dealer at Truro; joined Spencean Society; was regarded by his family as insane and disappeared: reappeared at Canterbury, styling himM if sir William Percy Honeywood Courtonay, sari of I won. kn ik'h t of Malta, anil king of Jerusalem; nominated M.I for:.nt4 rbury, 1832; convicted of perjury. 1833, hot placed in an asylum: on release lived at farmhouse between Canterbury and Favenham: declared himself the Messiah, showed stigmata and attracted disciples: .-hot a constable while serving warrant upon him for enticing away a fanner's labourers, and a lieutenant sent to apprehend him with soldiers: killed with eight rioters in Blean Waul.

[2] Tombz 8. JHN (1603?-1676), baptist divine; M.A Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1624; lecturer at St. Martin Carfax, 1624-30; vicar of Leominster, where bis preaching was very popular; held several other livings; being a presbyterian declined to baptise infants; appealed to the Westminster Assembly on this subject and published tracts; master of the Temple, 1646-7; had interview with Cromwell, 1646: organised baptist church: engaged in public debate with Baxter. 1860, and others; author of tracts against paedobaptists, quakers, and papists.

[3] Sir Henry Tombs (1824–1874), major-general: lieutenant, Bengal artillery, 1841: mentioned to despatches for (iwalior campaign, 1H44; distinguished himself in both Sikh wars, being present at battles of Mndki. 1845. Firozshah, 1845, Aliwal, 1848, Ramnagar, 1848, Chllianwala, 1849, nnd Gnxerat, 1849: recommended for brevet majority: during the mutiny distinguished himself In defeat of the rebels at Ghaxi and Badli-ke-ferai, and throughout siege of Delhi; made V.C. and C.B.; commanded his troop at Liu-know. 1868. ami in subsequent operations in Rohilkband: promoted I n- vet-colonel and eulogised by Lord Panmure, 1868; brigadier-grneral commanding artillery at Gwalior, 1883: commanded force which recaptured Dewangiri, 1884; K.C.B., 1888: eonv mauded Allahabad division, 1871.

[4] Sir John Tomes (1816–1895), dental surgeon ; invented dental forceps and studied histology of bone and U.rth: drlivrnil ElaM * M:ddl,,.-x H.-pital whirl. marked new era in dentistry; administered ether for dental operations, 1847: contributed Important papers to Philosophical Transactions; 1849-68: Induced Royal College of Surgeons to grant licence in dental surgery. 1858: one of the chief founders of the Odontotogical Society. 1868, and Dental Hospital, 1868; of Dentbtt Act, 1878; F.R.C.S., 1881; published works on dentistry.

[5] Chaklks Tomkins (it. 1779), topographical nnd antiquariun draughtsman and amatiut engraver: brother of IVltro William Tomkius

[6] Gilks Tomkins (rf. 1668?), musician: brother of John Tomk.ns (1586-1638), whom he succeeded as organist at King's College, Cambridge; choirmaster at Salisbury Cathedral; household musician to Charles I, MM

[7] John Tomkins (1586–1638), musician: brother of Thomas Tomkins (d. 1656); organist of King's College, Cambridge, 160fi: Mus.Ha.-. Cambridge, 1608; organist of St. Paul's, London, r. 1619; epistler and gospeller. Chapel Royal, London; composed anthems; the Thomalin of three of Phineas Fletcher's eclogues.

[8] John Tomkins (1663?-1706), quaker annalist: published Piety Promoted, in a Collection of Dying Sayings of... Quakers 1701, and other works.

[9] Martin Tomkins (d. 1765?), Arian divine: studied at Utrecht and Leyden; dissenting minister at Stoke Newington, 1707, but resigned, 1718, on account of Arian sympathies: chief work, A Sober Appeal to a Turk or an Indian concerning the plain Sense of Scripture relating to the Trinity 1723.

[10] Nathan Ael Tomkins (d. 1681), prebendary of Worcester, 1629; son of Thomas Tomkins (d. 1656) : B.D. Balliol College, Oxford, 1629.

[11] Peltro William Tomkins (1759–1840), engraver and draughtsman: pupil of Francesco Bartolozzi; produced many fine plates and illustrations for Sharpe's British Poets and other works; projected The British Gallery of Art and The Gallery of the Marquess of Stafford (both appearing, 1818); drawing-master in George III's reign to the princesses.

[12] Thomas Tomkins (fl. 1604–1615).

[13] Thomas Tomkins (d. 1656), musician; brother of John Tomkins (1586-1638); studied under William Byrd: Mus.Bac. Oxon., 1607; organist of Worcester Cathedral and (1621) of the Chapel Royal, London; composed Songs and (published, 1668) Musica Deo Sacra besides pieces remaining in manuscript.

[14] Thomas Tomkins (1637?–1675), divine; son of John Tomkins (1586-1638); M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1658; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1657: D.D. Cambridge, 1673; published The Rebel's Plea 16CO, criticising Baxter's constitutional theories, and other works; rector of St. Mary Aldermary, London, 1665: chaplain to Gilbert Sheldon and assistant licenser of books; rector of Great Chart, 1667, of Lambeth, 1669; chancellor and prebendary of Exeter.

[15] Thomas Tomkins (1743–1816), calligrapher; kept a writing-school in Foster Lane, London; produced ornamental titles to books and other work, attaining the highest eminence in his art; published The Beauties of Writing 1777, and other works.

[16] Thomas Tomkinson (1631–1710?), Muggletonlan; tenant-farmer; visited Lodowicke Muggleton , 1662; fined and excommunicated for recusancy, 1674; ablest of the Muggletonian writers; published The Muggletonians Principles Prevailing 1695, and other work*.

[17] Thomas Tomkis or Tomkis (.?. 1604–1615), dramatist; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1604; M.A., 1604; wrote Albumazar (comedy), 1615, on visit of Jamen I to Cambridge, for the revival of which Dryden composed a prologue, 1668: author probably also of Lingua (comedy), 1607; both his comedies founded on Italian models.

[18] Sir George Pretyman Tomline (1750–1827), tutor of the younger Pitt and bishop of Winchester belonged to an old Suffolk family; of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; senior wrangler and Smith's prizeman, 1772; fellow and tutor, 1773; M.A.,1776; university moderator, 1781; Pitt's tutor, 1774, and his private secretary, 1783-7 and given a Westminster prebend and other preferment; PJL8 r 1785; assisted Pitt in finance; became bishop of Lincoln and dean of St. Paul's, London, 1787; exercised ecclesiastical patronage and gave political advice; publishedElement* of Christian Theology 1818; oppo*ei to Pitt's relationship with Addington; suggested Pitt's iriurantee to George III concerning catholic emancipation: arranged payment of Pitt's debts; took name ! Tomline on large estate being left to him, 1803; wfca ivfu.-fd archbishopric by George III, 1804; attended Pitt on his deathbed and left literary executor; published A Hesitation of Calvinism 1811; bishop of Winchester, 1820-7; published his memoir of Pitt, 1793; established claim to Nova Scotia baronetcy, 1823.

[19] Elizabeth Sophia Tomlins (1763–182*), authoress; sister of Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins

[20] Frederick Guest Tomlins (1804–1867), journalist and publisher; contributed to Weekly Times Morning Advertiser and other journals; founder of the Shakespeare Society, 1840; wrote mainly on the drama.

[21] Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins (1762–1841), legal writer; of Queen's College, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1783; editor ofSt. James's Chronicle; counsel to chief secretary for Ireland and (parliamentary) to Irish chancellor of the exchequer, 1801: knighted, 1814; assistant-counsel to treasury, 1818; chief work,A Familiar Explanation of the Law of Wills and Codicils 1785.

[22] Thomas Edlyne Tomlins (1804–187L writer; nephew of Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins

[23] Charles Tomlinson (1808–1897), scientific writer; of Wadham College, Oxford; kept a day-school with his brother at Salisbury; attended science lectures at University College, London: contributed papers to magazines: published The Student's Manual of Natural Philosophy 1838; lecturer on experimental science, King's College School, London; made important discoveries concerning surface tension of liquids: F.O.S., 1867; F.R.S., 1872; Dante lecturer, University College, London, 1878-80; author of miscellaneous works.

[24] Matthew Tomlinson (1617–1681). See THOMLINSON.

[25] Nicholas Tomlinson (1765–1847), vice-admiral : j severely injured in explosion on the Duke of Athol, 1783: present at fifth action between Suffren and Sir Edward Hughes; performeddashing exploitson Frencli coast, 1794; captured the Revanche and other vessels; fitted out a privateer, 1797; vice-admiral, 1841.

[26] Richard Tomlinson (1827–1871). See Walter Montgomery (actor).

[27] Glyn Cothi Tomos (1766–1833). See THOMAS EVANS,

[28] Thomas Tompion (1639–1713), 'father of English watchmaking; freeman of the ClockmakerR* Company, 1671; made clocks for Royal Observatory, 1676; under direction of Robert Hooke made one of the first English watches with balance spring, 1675: patented the cylinder escapement with Houghton and Barlow, 1695: made barometers and sundials for William III, and clock in Pump-room, Bath, 1709, still in working order;left English watches and clocks the finest in the world

[29] Richard Tompson (d. 1693?), printseller.

[30] Peter Toms (d. 1777), painter and herald: painted drapery for Sir Joshua Reynolds and others; Portcullis pursuivant, 1746; original R.A., 1768.

[31] Laurence Tomson (1539–1608), politician, author, and transcriber; demy and fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; M.A., 1664; accompanied Sir Thomas Hoby to France, 1566; M.P., Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 1575-87, Downton, 1588-9; travelled extensively and knew many languages; employed by Walsingham; author of theological and commercial works.

[32] Richard Tomson (. 1588), mariner; traded in the Mediterranean; sailed to Algiers to ransom those captured in his &hip Jesus, 1583; corresponded with Walsingham and Robert Cecil; fought against the Armada, 1588.

[33] Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763–1798), United Irishman: son of Peter Tone, Dublin coachmaker: entered Trinity College, Dublin, 1781: nearly expelled: eloped with Matilda Witherington and neglected his studies; B.A., 1785: entered Middle Temple as student, 1787, and was joined by a younger brother; forwarded to Pitt scheme for a military colony in tin- South Si. which was l.-ft umiot'icr.1; MlM t Iri-h l-iir. 1789; toou turned his attention to poir.; Review of the Conduct of Administration 1790, in. arniiiniiiixthe u'ovrruuiL'nt;uj'l;i.--ert jM'iidi-iu-e; became au unlrnr Argument on behalf of the catholic.: of In-hm.l 17ul. to promote union of dissenters with cal government; joined Belfast volunteer*: fmuidul iih Russell and Tandy club of United Irishmen In became assistant-secretary to the Catholic Committee, 1702; took active part in agitation and in great catholic convention in Tu.lor.- 1 Hull: accompanied delegation to present petition to George III; suspension of contrary to his hopes, 1793; was voted 1.600. and gold medal; compromised himself with William Jackson (1737 ?-1705), the French spy, 1794, and was allowed by government to sail for America, 1796; went to runs 1706, to promote French expedition against Ireland; made chef-de-brigade and adjutant-general by Hoche; took part in Hoche's expedition, which never effected a landing, and in another nn.i.-r Dutch mispices, which never started, 1797; finally accompanied small expedition under Hardy in the Hoche, which.-truck to Borlase off Lough Swilly; was tried by court-martial, condemned to death, and being refused a soldier's execution committed suicide; wrote Journals

[34] William Theobald Wolfe Tone (1791–1828), soldier; son of Theobald Wolfe Tone; educated by the French republic; entered the French army ami fought in Germany, 1813; author, and editor of his father's writings.

[35] William Tong (1662–1727), presbyterian divine: minister at Chester, Knutsford, Coventry, and at Saltern Hall Court, Cannon Street, London: maintained orthodoxy on the Trinity in conferences, 1718-19; successful preacher; Williams and Barnes trustee, and distributor of the regium donum; published A Defence of Mathew Henry, with a History of Nonconformity 1693, and other works.

[36] Israel Tonge or Tongue (or Ezerel) (1621-1680), divine and ally of Titus Oates; B.A. University College, Oxford, 1643; left Oxford to avoid bearing arms for Charles I; returned and was made fellow, 1648; rector of Pluckley, 1649; D.D., 1656; fellow of Durham College, 1656-9; chaplain at Dunkirk, 1660-1; after other moves and changes became rector of St. Michael's, Wood Street, London, St. Mary Stayning, London, and Aston, Herefordshire; made acquaintance with Titus Oates, 1676, and became his willing dupe; worked up Oates's inventions into narrative of the Popish plot 1678; communicated with Danby and had interviews with Charles II; prevailed on Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey to take down Oates's depositions, and inaugurated the reign of terror; withdrew, however, from association with Oates, but gave evidence in the House of Commons, 1679; wrote numerous diatribes against the Jesuits.

[37] Thomas Tonkin (1678–1742), Cornish historian; of Queen's College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; lived on his Cornish estates; collected topographical and genealogical information, and projected a history of Cornwall.

[38] Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna (1790–1846), miscellaneous writer: nte Browne: married Captain Phelan, and secondly, Lewis Hippolytiw Joseph Tonua q. v.; edited protestant magazines: wrote anti-catholic tracts and Orange songs, including The Maiden City and No Surrender and many other works.

[39] Lewis Hippolytus Joseph Tonna (1812-1867), author; naval schoolmaster, and later secretary to Royal United Service Institution; published ultraprotestant works.

[40] John Tonneys, Toneys, Toney (d. 1510?), grammarian; D.D. Cambridge, 1502: provincial of Austin friars; wrote Rudimenta Grammaticae and other works.

[41] Jacob Tonson (1656?–1736), publisher; set up business at the Judge's Head, Chancery Lane, London, 1677; purchased copyright of Paradise Lost; was much associated with Dryden; published many of his plays and other pieces, the Miscellany hi* translation of VirgU, 1697, andThe Fables 1699; moved to Gray's . Holland, 1703, and published f Italy 170*; publis his published Dryiien's 1707, verses by Pop. In sixthMkeeai. 1709; moved to Uw joint-publisher with Buckley of Uie 1711; published Addison'sOato ITU; I. LI..,.-.:...;.;:.. *o:,........--...,;. r. Tickell's Iliad 1711; stock and Law's Mississippi to public offices, 1710; - !T " ... ,;. r.made large fortone by Sooth Sea :....-,; s.-v.r;,! vl,l,r.itol Aork-, BMtad M H Lovers and Pope's Shakespeare 17M.

[42] Jacob Tonson (d. 17r,7), publisher : _ of Jacob Tonsoo (1666 ?-1736); paid Warburton 6001. for editing Shakespeare, 1747; eulogised by Dr. Johnson.

[43] Richard Tonson ('.1 775), M.P., Wallingford, 1747, New Windsor, 1768; brother of Jacob Tonson (d. 1767) IrlL 181

[44] Cuthbert Tonstall (1474-1M9X ). See Cuthbert Tunstall.

[45] Andrew Tooke (1673–1782), master of the London Charterhouse; educated at Charterhouse: scholar of Hare Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1697: uber at Charterhouse, 1695; Gresham professor of geometry, 1704-29: F.1LS., 1701; master, 1728-:::; published mainly translations.

[46] George Tooke (1693–1675), soldier and writer: took part in unsuccessful expedition under Sir Kdward Cecil, viscount Wimbledon against Cadiz, 1628.and wrote an account, The History of Cales Parsion 1662 (in prose and verse); resided on bis estate of Popes, Hertfordshire; intimate with Selden and Hales; author also of The Legend of Britamart 1C46, and other works.

[47] John Horne Tooke (1736–1812), politician and philologist; son of a poulterer named Home; lost sight of one eye fighting with a schoolfellow; senior optime and B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1758; entered Inner Temple; incumbent of chapel of ease, Brentford. 1760, but being unsuited to clerical duties travelled abroad as tutor to son of John Elwes; returning, wrote The Petition of an Englishman violently defending Wilkes, 1765: travelled abroad sgain as tutor; abandoned clerical dress; made acquaintance with Wilkes and Sterne and visited Voltaire; supported Wilkes at the Middlesex election, 1768; accused George Onslow (17J11792) of selling an office and was fined 4A. by Lord Mansfield (verdict set aside on appeal); organised Society for supporting the Bill of Right*: supposed author or part author of addresses to George III, 1770; quarrelled with Wilkes, and seceding formed the Constitutional Society, 1771; resigned his living, 177S; was summoned before the House of Commons on account of violent attack on the speaker, Norton, but escaped punishment, 1774: fined ami impriMuied for publishing resolution to raise a subscription for American colonist*, 1778; refused admission to the bar: Inherited oome fortune from his father and livel in London, giving famous suppers and engaging i" Hiticul discussions: added name of his friend, William Tooke. to his own, 1782: published "Ewa wTtpoTa, or the Diversions of Pnrley 1786 and 1798, which established his reputation as a philologist; joinedSociety for Constitutional Information 1780: supported reform and Pitt against 1788publishedTwo Pair of Portrait* contrasting the Pittsand the Foxes; contested Westminster against Pox, 1790; tried for high treason, 1794, but acquitted; hostile to the whig aristocracy: contested Westminster again unsuccessfully, 1796; returned for OKI Sarum, 1801, but act was passed declaring clenryim-n Ineligible for scaUin House ofCommons: receive much soci.-ty at his boose at Wimbledon, Including Thurlmv. Erskiue, Bentbam, Coleridge, Paine, Godwin, and others: the shrewdest of the Wilkes agitators, and an old-fashioned radical, who appealed to Magna Charta, but ridiculed therights of man" His philology, with reference to which subject he emphasised the necessity = t hie and Anglo Saxon, was intended to subserve a nominalism oybc

[48] Thomas Tooke (1774–1868), economist ; son of William Took.- ri74-lK20); follower of Ricardo, Hornrr. nrvl Hiiki*raii. and supporter of report of bullion .-,.. IHIO:. il 1.-I.M Tl.wii'hH aii.l I*-t:iiN on the Hiidi an.l Low Price* of the last Thirty Years 1823, and oilier pamphlet* combating Tiew that fall of prices WM rolt of return to- cash payment*; published the Htotory of Prices 1838-57; opposed tbe c... theory* and tl* act of 1844; published Enqiury into tin: Currency Principle 1844: free-trader and nartrfoniidt-r of the Political RoonomyCiuh, 1821; F.U.S., l2l: poudant de 1'Instltut de France,

[49] William Tooke 17H 1820), historian of Russia: chaplain of the Enid tab church at Cronstadt, 1771, and at St. Petersburg, 1774; published, among other works, A History of Rumia from Rurik to... Catherine II 1800 and other books on Russia: edited the New and General Biographical Dictionary 1798.

[50] William Tooke (1777–1863), president of the Society of Arts; son of William Tooke( 1744-1 820): solicitor; took prominent part in formation of St. Katharine's Docks, 1825, and in foundation of the London University. 1823, and Royal Society of Literature: F.R.S., Win: president of the Society of Arte, 1862; M.P., Truro, 1832-7; compiled a work on tbe Monarchy of France 1846.

[51] William Tooker or Tucker (1568?–1621), divine; educated at Winchester College: fellow of New College, Oxford, 1577; M.A., 1583; D.D., 1694; archdeacon of Barnstaple; chaplain to Queen Eliabeth: rector of Kilkhampton, West Dean, and Clovelly; dean of Lichfield, 1605; published Charisma sive Doimm Sanationis 1587, vindicating royal power of curing king's evil, and other works.

[52] Hugh Tootel (1672–1743).

[53] Richard Topcliffe (1532–1604), persecntor of Roman catholics: M.P. for Beverley, 1572, and Old Sarum.1586: hunted out popish recusants and Jesuits: topclifflzare ued in court language for hunting a recusant, derived from bis name; racked prisoners in his own bouse: cruelly treated Robert Southwell (1561 ?-1595) , and was imprisoned; Included in commission against the Jesuits, 1593; Imprisoned again, 1594-5: engaged In torturing gipsies and others, 1596-71: obtained the Fltzberoerts house at Pacjley.

[54] Edward Topham (1761–1820), journalist and play-writer; educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge; travelled abroad and in Scotland: published 'Letters from Edinburgh 1778; entered life-guards; wrote tory Address to Edmund Burke on Affairs In America 1777; associated with Borne Tooke, Wilkes, and Sheridan; wrote several popular epilogues; producedDeaf Indeed 1780,The Pool 17H6, and other plays: started The World dally paper, 1787, to which he contributed The Schools and Life of the late John Elwes: tried for libelling the third Earl of Cowper, but eventually acquitted, 1791; satirised by Gillray and other caricaturist*.

[55] Francis William Topham (1808–1877), watercolour painter; began life as an engraver: exhibited water-colour* at the Royal Academy, 1832, and elsewhere, chiefly scenes of Irish and Welsh peasant life; one of Dickenssplendid stroller* 1850: painted Spanish subjects after a visit to Spain, 1854-9, and Italian scenes, 1864; died at Cordova.

[56] John Topham (1746–1803), antiquary; of Lincoiuv inn: deputy- keeper of state papers, 1781, and cornmUnioner in bankruptcy, 1783; bencher of Cray's Inn, 1787; treasurer of Society of Antiquaries, 1787: librarian to archbishop of Canterbury; edited Rotuli Parliauientorum(1278-1503), 1767-77, Fortescue's and Glanville's works, and published various papers.

[57] Thomas Topham ( 1710?-1,749), ' tbe strong man ' : son of a carpenter; innkeeper; performed various feateof strength in London. Ireland, and the provinces; stabbed his wife and killed himself.

[58] Augustus Montague Toplady (1740–1778), divine; educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Dublin: B.A., 17oi; in-ii T irtc'nt of Broad Hembury, 1768; pobltahed Rock of Ages in the Gospel Mngazine 1775; * "The Historic Proof of tbe Doctrinal Calvinism i of the Church of England 1774, andThe Scheme of Christian and Philosophical Necessity asserted 1775, and engaged in violent controversy with Wesley.

[59] William Topley (1841–1894), geologist: assisted I in survey of the Weald, 1M2, and prepared memoir, 1875; contributed various papers toQuarterly Journal of the Geological Society surveyed formations in north of Kniland and Sussex; worked at the survey office, London, from 1880; secretary of various societies; F.H.S., IHHH.

[60] Edward Topsell (i. 1638?), divine and author; , of Christ's College, Cambridge; rector of East Hoathly, 1596; perpetual curate of St. Botolph, Alders-gate, London, 1604; held several other preferment*: published The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes 1607, and The Historic of Serpents 1608, and religious works.

[61] Sir Richard Torkington (. 1518), EnirlMi priest and pilgrim: rector of Mnlberton, 1511; travelled to the Holy Land and back through Italy, 1517-8, and wrote an account, published, 1883.

[62] Barons Torphichen . See SANDILANDS, JAMES, first BAHON,. 1579; SANDILANDS, JAMES, seventh BAKON, d.1753.

[63] Nathaniel Torporley (1564–1632), mathematician; B.A. Christ Chnrch, Oxford, 1584; M.A. Bragenone College, Oxford, 1591; rector of Salwarpe and of Liddington; patronised by ninth Earl of Northumberland: secretary to Francois Viete of Foutenay, mathematician; published Diclides Coelometricae 1602.

[64] William Torr (1808–1874), agriculturist ; farmed at Riby, North Lincolnshire: raised famous breeds of Leicester sheep, thorough-bred ponies, and shorthorn cattle: elected to council of Royal Agricultural Society, 1857; judge of live-stock in England and abroad.

[65] James Torre (1649–1699), antiquary and genealogist; belonged to old Lincolnshire family: B.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1669; studied at tbe Inner Temple: published Antiquities Ecclesiastical of tbe City of York 1691, and compiled English Nobility and Gentry

[66] Torrens Sin ARTHUR WELLESLEY (1809–1855), major-general: son of Sir Henry Torrena; page of honour to Prince Regent; lieutenant, grenadier guards, 1825; fought against rebels in Canada, 1838; commanded 23rd royal Welsh fusiliers in Barbados: commanded infantry brigade at Alma and Balaclava; distinguished himself and was wounded at Inkerman, 1854: received thanks of parliament; promoted major-general and K.C.B., 1854; died at Paris.

[67] Sir Henry Torrejts (1779–1828), major-general : entered the army, 1793; took part with 63rd foot in expedition under Abercromby against St. Lucia and St. Vincent, 1796, and in campaigns in Portugal, 1798, and Netherlands, 1799, being wounded at Egmont-op-Zee: commanded Surrey rangers in Nova Scotia, 1800-1, and 68th foot during Maratha war; took part in disastrous attack on Buenos Ayres, 1807: accompanied Wellesley as military secretary to Portugal, 1808, ami was present at battles of Rolia and Vimeiro; received Portugnese decorations; military secretary to commauder-in-chlef, 1809; aide-de-camp to Prince Regent, 1812: major-general, 1814: K.C.B., 1815: adjutant-general of the forces, 1820; revised Infantry regulations.

[68] Henry Whitelock Torrehb (1806–1852), Indian civil servant: von of Sir Henry Torrens; educated at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1828; clerk In foreign office; obtained writership in Indian civil service; assistant to collector of Meernt, 1829; secretary to board of customs at Calcutta, 1840; acreut to governor-general of Murshidabad, 1847: published one volume of an excellent translation of the 'Arabian Nights 1838, and other work*.

[69] Robert Torrens (1780–1864), political economist: cousin of Sir Henry Torrens; as captain in royal marines defended Isle of Anholt against the Dutch, 1*11; colonel of Spanish legion in Peninsular war: colonel, 1837; published * An Essay on the External Corn Trade 1815, andAn Essay on the Reduction of Wealth 1821; one of the first economists to attribute production of wealth to land, labour, and capital: Influenced Vixl and Kicardo; advocated colonisation of South Au-tr.,ii... und; book on the subject, 1H36; editor of tbe Traveller and ilobu K.i

[70] Torreh 8. -in Kol'.KUT HICHA! son of Robert Torren* fq. T.: first premier of South Australia; of Trinity College, Dublin: emigrated to South Australia, lH4u; premier and colonial treeearer, 1857: author of Torrent Actto nuU-tliuu public registration for the old conveyancing system, IMS; r.-r:..! t Kiigland: M.P.. Cambridge, 1868; .: wrote pamphlets dttillug with Torrau

[71] William Torrbns Torrens McCCI.T. v,n -. ). politician and author: B. A.. 1832, an i I.I..1-. 194). politlf Dublin. 1843: ca 184*: lied to Irish bar. 1836, and on lrih

[72] Totington or TOTTINGTON. (1135-1211).

[73] Totne 8, EARL or (1555–1629). Bes Oa*cw.

[74] Anth Toto of Florence, aod popd of Obtriendajo; brooyhti Und by Ptetro Torrigtaao; executed work tor Henry VIII; naturalised, 143*; appointed tT)eni IM1.74J M), pabtiaher: carried on (. 1518-1MS), painter; nativr :.:..... -. -...- If i. ,1441.

[75] Tottel Ill' liness at The Hand and :!! SJfSJ;,,..,.-:.,:,,: of UK hUUonoV Com msatii 167H and 1584: alto MoreV Dialogue of CV .,: IT -.,,-.- I:;. - m .:v.r....,loi:. r .!. ;,..:.. : joined Anti-Cornlaw Leagiie, and published

[76] TOTTENHAM. CHARLEft (1684-17*81 Irish poJIti Tbe IndurtriaT History of Free Nation. 184T M.P.. d. fMo, Roes:; Vk I Sty mUe. Cine Dundalk, 1847-62, Yarmouth, 1857, Pinsbury, 1864-84; night to parliament, and gave casting vote against hand independent liberal; supported legislation for ameliora- lng er Irish surplus to England, 1711; sheriff of oo. tlon of condition of ttc poor: published Memoirs of Wexford, 1737. rrr no " 7 HWOT * "-""M 1 - ****.**,*.*,..-*

[77] Pietro Torejoiano (1472–1522), sculptor and rj chapUuTto CfcUieruY draughtsman; born at Florence; one of tlie artists pro- VJ 7ft J_j i xc i Ol i ei i by parliament from tocted by Lorenzo deMedici: broke Michelangelo's nose -hi a quarrel and was banished: became soldier in papal army and fought at Garigliano, 1503; returned to Florence aod became one of the best sculptors there; came to England and executed Henry VI IV tomb in Westminster Abbey and that of tbe CountoH of Richmond, also the altar at te head of Henry VII's tomb, dest royal in 1641; later settled at Seville and executed work* there, including a Madonna and Child for the Duke dAreas, and which, disappointed with the payment received, he dashed to pieces; was sentenced to death for sacrilege to title; published Historical Collections 1674. and imprisoned; said to hare starred himself to death in prison: Henvenuto Cellini refusal to accompany him to England because of his Injury to Michelangelo.

[78] James Touchet , seventh HARMS Arnurr (1465?1497), descended from Adam de Aodley, temp. Henry I: - as baron. 1491; K.U., 1475; Henry VII in French expelition, 14W; led rebellion, 1497; defeated at BUi khtsuh, captun

[79] Jam Touchet rl, DAIIOJC AuniJtv capuired, and behraded. i AVKx(16l7?-1684), bin . Iv S ii. 69 See HK

[80] Eahl Torbinoton ov (1647–1716). See Arthur Herbert

[81] Torr 1HOTON, VISCOUXT (1663-1 73J). See BYNG, GEORGE

[82] Patrick Torry (1783–1852), bishop of St. Andrews, Dunkeld, and Dunblane; onlalned prkxt of Scottish episcopal church, 1783: assistant, 1789, and sole pastor, 1791-1837, of congregation at Peterhcad; bishop of Dunkeld, 1808 till death: received style of bishop of united dioceses of St. Andrews, Dunkeld, an.1 Dunblane. 1844; pablinhed, 1850, Prayer-book which claimed to be embodiment of usages of tbe episcopal church of.Scotland, and occasioned much opposition, led by Charles Wordsworth: hi* Prayer-book was ceusured by Scottish episcopal synod and suppressed.

[83] Samuel Torshell or Torshel (1604-16*0), puritan divine; rector of Banbury, Oxfordshire: tutor to Charles I's two younger children; preacher at Cripplegate; author of religious works.

[84] Tostig, TOBTZ, or T08TIHU8 (d. 1066), earl of the Northumbrians; wi of Earl Godwin, whose banishment he shared in Flanders, 1051: married Judith, daughter of Count Baldwin IV of Flanders; returned to England, 1052: made Earl of Northumbria. Northampton-hirfi, and Huntinploiiihirc by K njle-l with verity: sent Malcolm III of Scotland help against Macbeth: benefactor to church at Durham; went to Rome, 1061, and pleaded cause of Aklred: joined Humid in invading Wales, 1061; treach.: murdered two thegra and Gospatric, a noble, 1064: -1 an outlaw by the tbegus, Morcar M earl inctead, 1065, and his deposition eldest son of second earl; instrument*! in bringing father to justice for unnatural offence*, 1631; created llaron Audley of Hely, 1633, forfeit*! by his father fot felony; travelled to Home; joined Charles I at Berwick. 1639; offered hi* service* to government on outbreak of . Irish rebellion, 1641. but his offer declined, be bring a Honum catholic; hesitated to join Ormonde at battle of Kilnub, 1642, aod was imprisoned on charge of high If) - MBJ; SjSjSSlBjfl BjSjl. Bjsj urn,, of.-on:.-.J.-r:it.-:.f... -. and performed brilliant and useful services; promoted cessation in Ireland; present at siege and rendition of Duucannon, 1645, but failed to take Yoognal; joined Ormonde on refusal of O'Neill and nuncio to accept peace nude with tbe confederates, 1646, and advised makuik terms with parliament rather than tbe council; fought under Prince Rupert at Landrecies; attended Charles I queen and the prince of Wales at 8U Germain: retained M ith Ormonde, to Ireland, 1648; appointed general of the horse to reduce fortress holding out for O'Neill, 1649: shared Ormonde's defeat at lUtbmlnes, 1619; threw flf teen hundred men Into Wexfonl and forced Ireton to raise siege of Duncannon; appointed oommamler of LslnstSf forces; cnpuml Athy, 1650, but failed to relieve Teeroglmn; on departure of )rmonde chief of Mt being chosen ster and Clare, but failed to oreveut orogm* of Cromwell's forces or capitulation of Limerick, 1651; left for France; served under Condc at fight In Faubourg su-Aiitolne: taken prisoner by Torrnoe at Comerry: linilllMllilnl su Irish regimen part in various sieges, and (1658) in battle of the Danes: returned to England at Restoration: served in several naval actions against tbe Dutch. 1665-7, ami landed two thousand four hundred recruit* at osteud; pressot at battle of Soicf, 1674: commanded Spanish foot, 1676: Krrval at Maastricht and Charirrol, and was present at battle before Mon*. 1678; poblwhed Memoirs 1680.

[85] Camilla Dufour Toulmin, afterwards MK. XT.WTUX CIMIM. (1K12-1894). mUceUaneoas writer: coflVmed"b7 Edwird, who, it is..Id. waspewuiled by contribute.1 to DeriodtoO.: publl.brt Harold; was forced to go into exile, and retired to Plan- Landmarks of a Llterar Lite.. ***. ders; on death of Edward, 1066, ravaged Isle of the east coast, and Lindesey, but being driven off retired , to Malcolm in Scotland; joined Harold Hardrada and accompanied invaders Edwin and Morcar; by Harold and killed. to York, where ther defeated vanquished at Stamford Bridge

[86] Joshua Toulmin mr. JOSHUA 1740-l8l5).dlseiiUns; biographer: presbyterian ministsr of Colyton, 1 Tannton. 17tt5: excited bostiUty b hi* Soci awl Tunton, 1764; excited hostility J61. views and liberal founder of the Western Unitarian Society, 1792; minister of tbe New Meeting Birmingham, 1803; author of iiimnT,m works, includ:r.s... of Faust us Sivinus 1777, Life... of John Biddle, 1789, and edition of N nil's - History r.-riuius. 1 1793-7.

[87] '^ Joshua Smith Toulmin (1816–1869). See Smith

[88] Jonathan Toup (or JOANNES) (1713-1 785), phUologer and classical editor; educated at Exeter College, r.l; M.A., 1756; curate successively of Philleigh, 1736, and of Iluryan, 1738; rector of St. Martin's-by-Looe, 1760-85; published Kmendationes in Suidain 17(50-6, followed by an "Epistola Criticato Warburton, 1767, ami Cune uovissimsB... in Suidnui 1775; contributed notes to Vartons Theocritus 1770, and published further emendations in Cnrae Posteriores 1772; produced a famous edition ofLonginus containing numerous rmr-.nlations, 1778; contributed notes to Sammet's 'Kpistolro* of Machines, 1771, and Shaw's Apolloniin Khoditu 1779, and other works; friend and correspondent of Warburton and Hurd; prebendary of Exeter, 1774, and vicar of St. Merryn, 1776.

[89] Dukes Op Touraine . See DOUOLAS, ARCHIBALD, first DUKE, 1369 ?-1424; DOUGLAS, ARCHIBALD, second DUKE, 1391?-1439; DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, third DUKB. II23V-14W.

[90] Simon of Tournay (. 1180–1200), schoolman: supposed to have been native of Cornwall; established himself at Paris by 1180, and was regent of arts; follower of Aristotle, and hence accused of heresy; three volumes of his lectures extant at Oxford in the Balliol and Merton MSS.

[91] Cyril Tourneur, Turneur or Turner (1575?-1626), dramatist; published The Revenger's Tragsedie 1607, a work of great tragic intensity; author of The Atheists Tragedie 1611, and other plays and works, including panegyric of Sir Francis Vere; was employed in the Netherlands, and served as Sir Edward Cecil's secretary in the unsuccessful Cadiz expedition, 1625; was disembarked among the sick in Ireland, and died there. His Plays and Poems were edited by John Churton Collins, 1878.

[92] Berthold Tours (1838–1897), musician and musical editor; organist; chief editor of Novello, Ewer & Co., and composer of services and songs.

[93] Stephen De Tours (d. 1193).

[94] De Blossiers Tovey (1692–1745), author of Anglia Judaica B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1712; fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and M.A., 1715; barrister, Inner Temple, 1717; D.C.L. Oxford, 1721; vicar of Embleton; principal of New Inn Hall, Oxford, 1732-45; published Anglia Judaica 1738.

[95] Tovey -TENNENT, HAMILTON (1782–1866), soldier; lieutenant, Bombay service, 1798; fought against the Mahrattos; wounded at Blmrtpore, 1805; secretary to Mouutstuart Elphinstoue; governor of Bombay; lieutenant-colonel, 1824.

[96] John Towers (d. 1649), bishop of Peterborough; fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1608; M.A., 1606; D.D. per litteras regias, Oxford, 1624; held numerous preferments; dean of Peterborough, 1630; prebendary of Westminster, 1634; bishop of Peterborough, 1639; supporter of the royal prerogative; follower of Laud; signed the bishops' protest, 1641, and was imprisoned by the parliament.

[97] John Towers (1747?-1804), independent preacher; brother of Joseph Towers; wrote against Martin Madan.

[98] Joseph Towers (1737–1799), biographer; edited the British Biography 1766-72; hon. LL.D. Edinburgh 1779: joint-editor of Biographia Britannica 1778-93; dissenting minister at Highgate nnd elsewhere, and published a history of Frederick III of Prussia, 1788.

[99] Joseph Lomas Towers (1767?–4831), Unitarian minister and author; son of Joseph Towers Ivii. H

[100] William Towers (1617?–1666), divine; son of John Towere (d. 1649); M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1641; B.D., 1646; prebendary of Peterborough, 1641.

[101] Gabriel Towerson (d. 1623), captain and agent for East India Company; made several voyages to India, and commanded the Hector; visited Batavia and Amboyna, 1622; tortured and killed with others by the Dutch at Amboyna.

[102] Gabriel Towerson (1635?–1697); divine and theological writer; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, lr,:.7: fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1660; rector of Welwyn and St. Andrew Undershaft; D.D. Lambeth, 1678; author of theological works and verses.

[103] William Towerson (fl. 1555–1577), merchant and navigator; made three voyages to the Guinea coast, 1555, 1556, and 1557.

[104] Matthew Towgood (fl. 1710–1746), minister; cousin of Michaijah Towgood.

[105] Michaijah Towgood (1700–1792), dissenting minister; pastor successively at Moreton Hampsttsui, Crediton, and Exeter; of high Arian principles; published the Dissenting Gentleman's Letters 1746-8, and other works.

[106] Richard Towgood (1595?–1683), dean of Bristol; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1618; B.D., 1633; master of the grammar school, College Green, Bristol; vicar of All Saints, 1619, and St. Nicholas, Bristol, 1626; chaplain to Charles I; sequestered, 1645; imprisoned and sentenced to death; later rector of Tortworth, and at Restoration returned to St. Nicholas; prebendary of Bristol, 1660, aud dean, 1067; chaplain to Charles II aud vicar of Weare.

[107] Charles Towne (d. 1850?), artist; exhibited at Royal Academy and Liverpool Academy; painted landscapes and animals.

[108] Francis Towne (1740–1816), landscape-painter.

[109] John Towne (1711?–1791), controversialist; M.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1736; vicar of Thorpe-Ernald, 1740; archdeacon of Stowe, 1785; prebendary of Lincoln; rector of Little Paunton; author of controversial works.

[110] Joseph Towne (1808–1879), modeller; gained Society of Arts gold medal for models of the brain in wax, 1827; constructed over a thousand models of anatomical preparations at Guy's Hospital, London, and lectured there on organs of the senses; sculptured also busts and statues.

[111] Charles Towneley or Townley (1737–1805), collector of classical antiquities; succeeded to his father's estate of Townley, 1742; educated at Douay College; visited Italy and made collections mostly of marbles ami terra-cotta reliefs, which he placed at 7 Park Street, Westminster; collection purchased after his death by the British Museum.

[112] Christopher Towneley (1604–1674), antiquary; called The Transcriber; attorney: transcribed public records for projected history of Lancashire.

[113] Francis Towneley (1709–1746), Jacobite ; entered service of French king and distinguished himself at siege of Phillipsburg; made colonel by Louis XV to raise forces in England for Prince Charles Edward; joined Prince Charles Edward at Manchester, 1745, and accompanied him to Derby and back to Carlisle; captured there on surrender of town to Duke of Cumberland, and executed.

[114] John Towneley (1697–1782), translator of Hudibras into French; brother of Francis Towneley; entered Gray's Inn, 1715; distinguished himself at siege of Phillipsburg; assisted Prince Charles Edward in Scotland, 1745; returned to Paris; translated Hudibras into French verse, 1757.

[115] Sir Charles Townley (1713–1774), Garter king-of-arms; York herald in College of Arms, 1735; knighted at George III's coronation, 1761; Garter principal king-of-arms 1773.

[116] James Townley (1714–1778), author of 'High Life Below Stairs - IH-IOA si.i r of Sir Charles Townley; of Merchant Taylors' School au.l .-,, Oxford; M.A. 17::*; tl.ml unlTinater at Merchant Taylors Uui-lnn, 17 IH 53; grammar-master at master at Merchant Taylors 1760; n-vivwl.lr:.in;itic performances at Merchant Taylors produced Hu'h Life below Stairs at Drury LAM, London, 1769, and other farces: held living of St BeaetV, Grtcechurch Street, London, Hendon. and other preferi u't i - IviL lUl j

[117] James Townley (1774–1833), Wesleyan divine; minister, 1796; D.D. Princeton, 1832: secretary of Wesjin ICMflMerBooMg ! pceeflenl Wesleyan Conference, 1829; published religious works.

[118] Aurelian Townsend (fl. 1601–1643), poet; to Robert Cecil; friend of Ben Jonson and Herbert; accompanied Herbert on a tour abroad, 1608; enjoyed high literary reputation at court of Charles I; became composer of court masques, 1631, and wrote Albion Triumph and Tempe Restored 132; granted from arrest for debt, 1645; lyrics by him in

[119] Georqe Townsend (1788–1857), author; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1816; curate successively of Littleport, Hackney, and Farnborongh; professor at Sandhurst, 1816; published Oedipus Romanus in reply to Drummond's Oedipus Judaicus 1811, The Old Testament arranged in Historical and Chronological order 1821. and The New Testament arranged in Historical and Chronological order 1826; prebendary of Durham, 1825-67; held livings in Durham diocese; went to Rome to convert Pope Pius IX, 1860.

[120] George Henry Townsend (d. 1869), compiler; nephew of George Townsend; author of Russell's History of Modern Europe epitomised 1867, and other works; edited Men of the Tune 1868; committed suicide.

[121] Isaac Townsend (d. 1766), admiral ; commanded various ships and in the Shrewsbury took part in the reduction of Cartagena, 1741; admiral of the blue, 1747; as governor of Greenwich Hospital had custody of Admiral John Byng; senior admiral, 1762.

[122] John Townsend (1757–1826), founder of the London Deaf and Dumb Asylum; independent minister nt Kingston and Berutoudsey: founded at Bermondscy deaf and dumb asylum, 1792; assisted In establishing the Londou Missionary Society, 1794; published religious work.-.

[123] Joseph Townsend (1739–181f.), geologist; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1766, and fellow; studied medicine at Edinburgh; travelled; became chaplain to Duke of Atholl and rector of Pewsey; author of The Physician's Vade Mecum 1781, The Character of Moses established 1812-15, and other works.

[124] Townsend or Townesend(1618?-1692), parliamentary colonel; assisted in defence of Lyme Regis, 1644, and in siege of Pendennls Castle, 1646; took part in Inchiquin's victory over Taaffe, near Mallow, Ireland, 1647; deserted parliamentary cause with Inchiquin, but returned; went back to Ireland and engaged in plots to get possession of Youghal for Cromwell, 1649; M.P., Baltimore (Irish parliament) 1661; high sheriff of Cork, 1671; organised protestaut defence there, 1686; besieged and compelled to surrender to the Irish in his mansion at Castletownshend, 1690.

[125] Richard Townsend (1821–1884), mathematician; M.A., Trinity College, Dublin, 1862: fellow, 1845, tutor, 1847; PJLS., 1866: appointed professor of natural philosophy at Dublin, 1870; published Chapters on tinModem Geometry of the I'oint, Line, and Circle between 1863 and 1865.

[126] William Charles Townsend (1803–1860), historical and legal writer; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, issr: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1828: recorder of Macclesfleld, 1833: Q.C n 1860: works include The History... of the House of Commons 1843-4.

[127] Charles Townshend abroad: though brought up a tury seceded to UM whig junto: supported religious liberty against Occasional -: -:..!::, i -,!...:,.. privy councillor, 1707; plenipotentiary to Keih 17.-.,..-...,: v.-i !.,!.,, vt-ntions guaranteeing the empire, 1710; recalled, 1711. on .:.:...:..-..; in negotiating harrier treaty; voted rj.lfftl:.;. of union: waa made secretary fori on acoeselon of George I; procured payneeter. generalship for Walpole: married Walpole's sister. 1713: concerned in proceedings against negotiators of Treaty of Utrecht, and showed promptitude and severity in tion of 1716; approved of Septennial Act; cowith btanbope in making definite i barrier treaty. 1716. and alliance with the emperor, 1716, but was arrived of OMmrtbM i:,!:.,;.,,.:.,.:,,! fcrftofftoMi prince of Wales on the throne: lost power by not l-umm: i i-i-ive I to Hanover, 1716, and by not Ireland, 1717, but again dismissed on not giving _ mi-lit full support: made president of council in Stanhope* administration, 1720. and on his death again secretary for northern department, 1721; his integrity untouched by the South Sea disclosures, and his patience and acumen shown in investigation of Layer and Atterbury plots: supported prerogative: obtained Bolingbroln's partial restitution; thwarted Oarteret's schemes by allying himself with the Duchew of Kendal, 1723; K.G., 1724; became dissatisfied with Austria and the quadruple alliance, and effected treaty of Hanover with France and Russia, 1726: forced emperor to separate from Spain, 1727: misted by spurious version of Austro-Spanish treaty, made subsidiary treaty with Duke of Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel; brought over the Hanoverian League to the side of Spain, and agreed to treaty of Seville, 1729, which iwvul the way for alliance between Spain and France and jeopardised peace of Europe: on king of Prussia declaring for the emperor, desired war, but was successfully opposed by Walpole and Queen Caroline: resigned, 1730; devoted himself at Halnham to agriculture.

[128] Charles Townshend , third Viscount Townshend ( 1700–1764), eon of Charles, second viscount Townshcnd; lord of the bedchamber: lord-lieutenant of Norfolk, 1730-8; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 172J-J. chancellor

[129] Charles Townshend (1724–1767), chancellor of the exchequer; second son of Charles, third viscount Townshend; educated with Wilkes and Dowdeswi-11 at Ix-yden; M.P. for Yarmouth, 1747-61; ejected for Harwich, 1761: opposed Hardwicke's Marriage Bill, 17tt: lord of the admiralty, 1764: resigned, 176*. and attacked Newcastle for employing German mercenaries; privj councillor, 1767; secretary-at-war, 1761: resigned, 1761, but became president of board of trade, 1768; i"*?** join Grenville's administration and went into opposition: made a great speech against legality of general *rranV and wrote pamphlet, 1764; became paymaster on i dismiacal of Fol765, and retained office through Rockingham's administration; chancellor of Chequer in Ob*. ham's ministry, 1766; opposed Chatham's India poUcv, and pledged himself to find a revenue In America, 17 made his famous * champagne speech, 1 67: suspendi legislative functions of New York assembly. 1767; ertftblished commissioners of custom, in America and port duties, but did not live to sec resulta. His eloquence wa 5 -" -;; jj*":,:":.: -..": l! ntk of principle. t lTU - 117 3

[130] Charles Townshend, first Baron Bayning (1728-1810), son of William Townshend q. and CUre Hall, Cambridge: M.A., 1749: MJ 1761-84: lord of the admiralty, 176: held -_, and created Baron Bayning of FtwJey, 1797. ssssRsssfflaaa the Eton Society commonly called Pop, John's College, Cambridge, 1816. ; f op 1811;

[131] Townshznd rHATXCKY HARK 17!s poet: M.A. Trinity Hall, Camhri.lL'e, 1M.M; ehanrelloi V iiKilallist for poeni Jerusalem l17: took holy orders; published Poems is:. 1 !, and otlier works.

[132] George Townshend (1715–1760), admiral ; son of Charles Townslu-n.l. Hvond visi-oiuit Townnhend; *-rved in anl romnmnded various ships: present at j.otion off Toulon, 174; commanded squadron in cooperation with insurgent Corsicnus; drew off on teeing supposed French ships, and his conduct (1747) severely reprimanded: admiral, 1765.

[133] George Townshend , fourth VISCOUNT and first MAi:grts TOWNSHKNM (1724-1807), son of Charles Townshfiid, thinl viscount Townshend; M.A. St. John's ollege, Cambridge, 1749; cnptiiin, 7th dragoons; joined Duke of Cumberland's army abroad; fought at Culloden, 1746, and Lanfeld, 1747; was appointed aide-de-camp; lieutenant-colonel, 1st foot guards, 1748, but retired owing to difference with Duke of Cumberland, 1750; supposed to liave inspired pamphlet severely criticising the duke's military capacity; brought in Militia Bill, 1757; created enemies by his caricatures; on retirement of Cumberland made colonel and aide-de-camp to George II; brigadierxeneral under Wolfe in Quebec expedition, 1759; commanded left whig on heights of Abraham, and on Wolfe's death took chief command, 13 Sept. 1759: accused of ingratitude towards Wolfe, and his conduct severely Criticised inA Letter to an Hon. Brigadier-General 1760: privy councillor, 1761; lieutenant-general of the ordnance, 1 763: became fourth Viscount Townsheud, 1764, and lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1767; resided there mid endeavoured to break down the government by undertakers; promised restriction of pension list, habeas forpus, and other boons, but met with great opposition, 1768; granted new peerages, places, and pensions; obtained prorogation of parliament, 1769; obtained majority by flagrant corruption and lowered his office; took to li3ipated habits; recalled, 1772; reappointed mastergeneral of the ordnance; created marquis, 1786; lordlieutenant of Norfolk, 1792; field-marshal, 1796.

[134] George Townshend, second Marquis Townshend, Earl of Leicester, and Baron de Ferrars of Chartley (1755-1811), son of George Townshend, first marquis Townshend; captain of dragoons, 1773; created Earl of Leicester, 1784; master of the mint, 17901791: joint postmaster-general, 1794-9; lord steward of the household, 1799-1802; president of the Society of Antiquaries, 1784; F.R.S.; British Museum trustee.

[135] George Ferrars Townshend, third Marquis Townshend (1778-1855), sou of George Townshend, second marquis Townshend; disinherited.

[136] Hayward Townshend (d. 1601), author of Historical Collections (relating to the last four parliaments of Queen Elizabeth), published, 1680; B.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1595; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1601; M.P., Bishop's Castle, 1597 and 1601.

[137] Sir Horatio Townshend , first VISCOUNT TwxsHKNi)(l:ji)?-1687), son of Sir Roger Towusheud first baronet: created M.A. Cambridge, 1645; M.P., Norfolk, 1659; member of council of state, 1659; active in procuring restoration of Charles II: one of the deputies sent to the Hague, 1660; created Baron Townshend, 1661; signed address for dissolution of parliament, 1675 created viscount, 1682,

[138] Horatio Townshend (1750–1837), Irish writer; M.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1776; incumbent of Rossoarbery, co. Cork; published Statistical Survey of the unty of Cork 1810, and other works.

[139] Sir John Townshend (1564–1603), soldier : son of Sir Roger Townsheud (1643 ?-1590)

[140] John Townshend (1789–1845), colonel ; as captain of 14th light dragoons served throughout Peninsular war; brevet-major, 1819: served in America and India; aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria and colonel, 1841: HUCoeeded to Oastle Towushend entities, 1827.

[141] Sir Roger Townshend (d. 1493), judge and winder of the Towashend family; governor of Lincoln's SVM, 6.Vo 14, 63 1465 and 1466: M - p " Bramber, 1467, Oalne, 1472; legal adviser to the Fusions, from whom he bought land: king's Serjeant, 1483; justice of the common pleas, r. 1484; knighted, 1486; served on various (munitions.

[142] Sir Roger Townshend (1543?–1590), courtier, of Kast Hainham; of Trinity College, Cambridge; held I court offices under Queen Elizabeth; served against Armada and was knighted at sea.

[143] Roger Townshend (1708–1760), cavalry officer : ; son of Charles Townshend, second viscount Townshend j; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1737-8-47, Eye, 1747-8; I aide-de-camp to George II at Dettiugeu, 1743.

[144] Thomas Townshend (1701–1780), teller of the exchequer; son of Charles Townshcnd, second viscount Townshend; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1727; M.P., Winohelsea, 1722-7, Cambridge University, 1727-74; teller of the exchequer, 1727-80.

[145] Thomas Townshend, first Viscount Sydney (1733-1800), statesman; son of Thomas Townshend (17011780); M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1753; M.P. for Whitchurch, Hampshire, 1754-83: clerk of the board of green cloth, 1760; dismissed, 1762; spoke against American mutiny bill, 1765; lord of the treasury under Rockingham: joint-paymaster of the forces iu PittGraf ton ministry, 1767, but resigned, 1768; remained in opposition and attacked North and the king's friends; war secretary in Rockiugham's administration, 1782; home secretary in Shelbnrue's; created Baron Sydney. 1783; home secretary again under Pitt, 1783; Sydney hi Australia named after him; disagreed with Pitt's India bill and slave regulation bill; resigned, 1789, and was created viscount, with 2,500. a year.

[146] William Townshend (1702?-1738), son of Charles Townshend, second viscount Towushend; M.P., Great Yarmouth, 1723-38.

[147] Robert Townson, Tounson, or Toulson (1575-1621), bishop of Salisbury; M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1595, fellow, 1597; D.D. Oxford, 1613; held livings of Wellingborough and Old; royal chaplain and dean of Westminster, 1617; attended Ralegh to the scaffold; bishop of Salisbury, 1620-1.

[148] Robert Townson (fl. 1796–1798), traveller and mineralogist; M.D. Gottinsren, 1795; chief work The Philosophy of Mineralogy 1798.

[149] Thomas Townson (1715–1792), divine; matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, 1733; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1737, M.A., 1739, D.D., 1779; held living of Blithefield, and other preferments; archdeacon of Richmond, 1781; published theological works.

[150] George Henry Towry (1767–1809), captain in the navy; served in various ships; captured theMinerve, 1795; commanded Diadem at Cape St. Vincent, 1797.

[151] John Thomas Towson (1804–1881), scientific writer; watchmaker; invented means of photographing on glass and sensitive photographic papers; discovered the quickest route across the Atlantic to be by sailing the great circle: appointed scientific examiner of masters at Liverpool, 1850, and examiner in compasses; published 'Practical Information on the Deviation of the Compass and other works.

[152] Humphrey Toy (1540?–1577), printer; son of Robert Toy; warden of the Stationers Company, 1571-3; printed Grafton's Chronicle 1569, and other works.

[153] John Toy (1611–1663), author; M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford, 1634; head-master of King's school, Worcester, c. 1643-63; vicar of Stoke Prior, 1641-63: publishedWorcesters Elegie and Eulogie 1638, and Quisquiliae Poetica? 1662.

[154] Robert Toy (d. 1556), printer; benefactor of the Stationers Company.

[155] Arnold Toynbee (1852–1883), social philosopher and economist; son of Joseph Toynbee: originally of Pembroke College, Oxford; B.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1878, and tutor; disciple of Thomas Hill Green ; studied economics; gave lectures on industrial problems to working-men audiences in London and elsewhere (published inIndustrial Revolution, 1884; intimate witii.Jn.v.-t:. (; r.-.-ii. an-l N. -trl.-!.i: si.ciaii-it..pi.s.si Henry Qeorfs'stlMorlti: hi*- 1 li.-voliitii.iipublished, 1*M. Toynbee Hall in Wl.it, chapel, London, was established In hi* memory. ;.. u

[156] Joseph Toynbee (1816–1866), aura assisted Sir Ku-hard own ni F. !;... IM-J: r. !;.(.., IM:;-. s-.iri.-on t, St. JameVs and Bt George 1 ! Dispensary, IM.I-.I.; i mil in..... n tad turer at St. Mary Hospital, London, IMS: placed aoral surgery on firm bads: chief work, * The Disease* of the Kar

[157] Aaron Tozer (1788–1884), captain in the navy; entered navy, 1HU1; wouuded at capture of French f riwaUii.l.,n, 1805: served at reduction of JI Indies, in Walcheren expedition, and In Mediterranean; severely wounded at ft t tuck on Casals, 1813; post -captain, 1830.

[158] Henry Tozer 1602–1650), puritan royalist; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1626; B.D.. 1636; bursar and mhrector; imprisoned and expelled from his lectureship, 1648; lecturer at Carfax, Oxford; vicar of Yarnton: published religions works.

[159] Richard Tracy (d. 1569), protestant reformer; son of William Tracy (d. 1530): B.A. Oxford, 1515: M.P., Wootton Bassett, 1529: wrote protestant treatises; employed in visiting monasteries in Gloucestershire; J.P., Gloucestershire, 1537: lost favour at Cromwell's fall and his books ordered to be burnt, 1546: published work on the sacraments, 1548; imprisoned, 1651-2: pnwecuted in Mary's reign; high sheriff for Gloucestershire, 1560-1.

[160] Robert Tracy (1655–1735), judge: younger con of Rolert Trncy, second Viscount Tracy; Irish judi:e. 1699; baron of the exchequer in England, 1700: removed to common pleas, 1702; tried Jacobites at Carlisle, 1716.

[161] William de Tracy (d. 1173), murderer of Thomas ( 1 Socket); had been Tlioiuns's man when chancellor; assisted in his murder at Canterbury Cathedral, 117u; surrendered himself to Pope Alexander III: set out for the holy hind, but dial at Coeenza, Sicily, from a horrible disease. He granted the manor of Doccombe to the chapter of Canterbury in expiation of his crime.

[162] William Tracy (d. 1530), justice of the peace in the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII; adopted Luther's views and expressed his belief in the doctrine of justification by faith in a will which was pronounced heretical by convocation (1532), and became a sort of sacred text to the reformers.

[163] John Tradescant (ft. 1637?), traveller, naturalist, and gardener; employed by Robert Cecil, earl of Salisbury, Lord Wotton, ami Duke of Buckingham: author (almost certainly) of A voiag of ambasad 1618, describing voyage under Sir Dudley Digges q. v. to ArrhaniM, and containing the earliest account extant of Russian plants; joined expedition of Sir Samuel Argall against Algerine pirates, 1620, and brought back, among other things, the Algier apricot: appears to have entered Charles I's service: established at South Lambeth his physic garden, the first in England.

[164] John Tradescant (1608–1662), traveller and gardener; son of John Tradescant (d. 1637?): gathered flowers, plants, shells, etc. in Virginia for collection at Lambeth, 1637; succeeded his father as gardener to Charles I and his queen: ptiblislied Museum.

[165] Bartholomew Traheron (1510?-1558?), Protestant writer; brought up by Richard Tracy; friar minorite; B.D. Cambridge, 1553; relinquished his habit; travelled abroad and joined Bullinger at Zurich, 1537; entered Cromwell's service, 1539, and escaped from court at his fall; joined Calvin at Geneva, 1546, and adopted Calvinism; M.P. 1548; strove unsuccessfully for 'unambiguous reformation of the Lord's Supper'; disputed with Hooper on predestination; made keeper of Edward VI's library, 1549, and tutor to Duke of Suffolk, 1550; contributed to Epigrammata Varia 1551; dean of Chichester, though not in orders, 1552; and made canon of Windsor; went abroad on Mary's accession; lectured at Frankfort and Wesel, and published controversial and other writings.

[166] Robert Trail (1641–1716), presbyterian divine; distinguished blnttdf at Edinburgh University; exccpted from act of indemnity as b I'mtUml rebel 1667; joined his fattier and other exiles in Holland; minister at Cranbrook, 1670; subsequently minister in button; published A Vindication of the Protestant I from the unjust charge of Antinomianism 1692, and sermons.

[167] Walter Trail (rf. 1401), bishop of St. Andrews; graduated with distinction at Tarts; doctor of civil and canon law; held church appointments in Scotland; referendarius at papal court; bishop of St. Andrews, 1385-1401; crowned Robert III, 1390, and exercised great influence in Scotland; ambassador to France, 1391.

[168] Henry Duff Traill (1842–1900), author and journalist; of Merchant Taylors School and St. John's College, Oxford: B.A., 1865; RC.I*, 18C8: D.C.U 1873: barrister, Inner Temple, 1869: on staff of Pall Mall Gazette 1873-80, and St. James's Gazette 1880-1; contributed to Saturday Review; chief political leader writer on Daily Telegraph 1882-97: editor of the Observer 1889-91; first editor of Literature 1897 till death; works include Life of sir John Franklin,* 1896, 'XtimU-r Twenty 1M92,The New Fiction 1897 (eolIti-tions of essays), andThe New Lucian (a series of :Dead Dialogues of the 1 . MM,

[169] Thomas Stewart Traill (1781–1862), professor of medical jurisprudence; M.D. Edinburgh, 1H02: appointed professor of medical jurisprudence, Edinburgh University, 1832; editor of eighth edition of Enryclopaedia Britannica; published scientific and medical works.

[170] Joseph Train (1779–1852), Scottish antiquary and correspondent of Sir Walter Scott; labourer's son; served in militia, 1799-1802: obtained through his colonel post as excise officer: published Poetical Reveries 1806, and Strains of the Mountain Muse 1814, which attracted Sir Walter Scott's attention: corresponded with, and collected valuable materials for, Scott; supplied also information for Lockhart's Life of Burns and Chalmers's Caledonia; published Account of the Isle of Man 1845, and The Buchanites 1846.

[171] Sir Nicholas Trant (1769–1839), brigadier-general in the Portuguese army; served with the 84th foot and Irish brigade; took part In expeditions to Minorca (1798) and Egypt; military agent in Portugal, 180S; nccompanii-1 Welk-sli-y with Portuguese corps and present at Rolica and Vimeiro: commanded Portuguese torn- and joined advance to the Douro; made governor of Oporto: captain in staff corps, 1809: gained sue PUSH over Massona during retreat to Torres Yt-dras, including Tradescantianum 1656; bestowed collection, which be- capture of five thousand prisoner- 1H10: knightomcamc famous, on Elias Ashrnole, 1659, who pre- I mander of the Tower and Sword, 1811; brevet-major, sented it to the university of Oxford, 1683. Among the i 1816. LlrfL 1 trees and shrubs introduced by him and his father were the lilac, acacia, and occidental plane.

[172] Ah Car Adog Trahaearn (d. 1081), Welsh prince; ; ruler of greater part of North Wales; vanquished by Gruffydd al. yuan nnd Rhys ab Tewdwr, and slain at Mynydd Cam, South Cardiganshire.

[173] John Montgomery Traherne (1788–1860), antiquary: M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1813; took orders. 1ML 1: F.K.S., 1823: F.8.A., 1838; chancellor of Llandaff.

[174] John Trapp (1601–1669), divine; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1624; head-master of Stratford-oponAvon school, 1622; vicar of Weston-on-Avon. 1636; sided with the parliament, and rector of Welford, 1646-60; published commentaries on the bible, characterised by quaint humour and profound scholarship, and other works; a distinguished preacher.

[175] Joseph Trapp (1679-1747), port and pamphleteer; grandson of John Trapp: fellow of Ool 1844; authority on Glamorganshire genealogies and I lege, Oxfonl, -. 17o3: M.A., 1702.(incorporated at :inha-ology, edite.1 -The stradling Correspondence bridge, 1714): contributed poems to Oxford collections: 18 10, and published other works. published translations andAbramate a play, 1704; first professor of poetry at Oxfonl, 17U8-18; published his lectures MPnetoottOMi 1'ivtiea- 1711, 1715, and 173(1; Sacheverel1 at his trial, 17l), and vn church tory tracts; chaplain to Sir Constantine Phipps, Irish lord-chancellor, 1711, and to Bolingbroke, 1712; wrote Peace, a Poem 1713; held several London lectureships and livings; published sermons, 1739; eiiraed in controvith dissenters and wrote against Roman catholics; DD. Oxford, 1728; president of Siou College; published translation of the Aeneis in blank verse, 1718-35, and other works.

[176] Traquair, first Earl of (d. 1659). See John Stewart.

[177] Benjamin Travers (1783–1858), surgeon ; studied under Sir Astley Paston Cooper; demonstrator of anatomy at Guy's Hospital, London, and surgeon to East India Company, 1809; surgeon to London Eye Infirmary, 1810; F.ILS., 1813: surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, London, 1816, and lecturer; Hunterian orator, 1838; P.IUSn 1847 a nd l856 surgeon to Queen Victoria; raised science of eye-surgery; published medical works.

[178] Travers Sm EATON STANNARD (1782–1858), rear-admiral; served oft Holland, in West Indies, on Spanish Main, off French coast, and Mediterranean; took part in Walcheren expedition; said to have engaged over a hundred times with the enemy; repeatedly recommended and thanked for good conduct; K.H., 1834; rearadmiral, 1855.

[179] James Travers (1820–1884), general; lieutenant, Bengal infantry: served in Afghan war, 1841-2, and mentioned in despatches for services at battles of Sikandarabad, Babawalli, and also at Sobraon, 1846; brevetmajor, 1846; commanded forces at Indur in mutiny, 1857, charged guns of mutineers, defended residency, and obtained V.O; commanded Mirat division, 1869; C.B.,1873; general, 1877; published The Evacuation of Indore 1876.

[180] John Travers (d. 1620), brother of Walter Travers; rector of Farringdon; B.A. and fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford, 1569.

[181] John Travers (1703?–1758), musician; organist of the Chapel Royal, London, 1737-58; composed chiefly church music.

[182] Rebecca Travers (1609–1688), quakeress; nee Booth; married William Travers, tobacconist; friend of James Nayler; heckled incumbent of St. John the Evangelist's, London; fearless and powerful preacher, visited prisons and the sick; published religious works.

[183] Walter Travers (1548?–1635), puritan divine; a senior fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1569; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1569; visited Geneva, and formed friendship with Beza: published Ecclesiastiae Disciplinae ... explicatio 1574 (translated by Thomas Cartwright (1535-1603)); D.D. Oxford, 1576, but declined to subscribe: ordained by Cartwright and others at Antwerp; subsequently chaplain to Burghley and tutor to Robert Cecil; lecturer at the Temple, 1581, and during Hooker's mastership, confuting in the afternoon what Hooker preached in the morning; provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1595-8.

[184] George Travis (1741–1797), archdeacon of Chester; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1768; chancellor's medallist, 1765; vicar of Eastham, 1766; rector of Handley, 1787: prebendary of Chester, 1783, archdeacon, 1786; his Letters to Edward Gibbon in defence of the genuineness of 1 John v. 7, 1784, answered by Porson in the most acute and accurate piece of criticism which has appeared since the days of Bentley (Gibbon).

[185] Sir George Treby (1644?–1700), judge; barrister, Middle Temple, 1671: bencher, 1681; M.P., Plympton, 1617 till the end of Charles II's reign; chairman of committee for investigating Popish plot; succeeded Jeffreys recorder of London, 1680; knighted, 1681; defended Sir Patience Ward and Sandys in East India case, and corporation rights in quo warranto proceedings; dismissed in consequence, 1683: one of the counsel for the even bishops, 1688: was restored to recordership 1688, and beaded procession of city magnates to meet William of Orange; solicitor-general, 1689; attorney-general, 1689; piloted Bill of Rights through House of Commons; chief-justice of the common pleas, 1692.

[186] John Tredenham (1668 - 1710), politician ; -tin lent of the Inner Temple and Christ Church, Oxford; .M.I, St. Mawer, 1C1HI-17U5 and 1707-10; refused to sign voluntary association of loyalty to William III, 1696; arrested on suspicion; incurred odium through associating with Poussiu, the French agent, 1701.

[187] Thomas Tredgold (1788–1829), engineer; carpenter and architect's clerk; self-educated: publir-hed Elementary Principles of Carpentry 1820, the first serious attempt in England to determine data of resistance, and other works, including The Steam Engine 1827.

[188] Letice Mary Tredway (1593–1677), English abbess in Paris; took the veil at Augustinian convent, Douay, 1615; founded, with Thomas Carre, convent for English girls at Paris, 1634.

[189] Ann Maria Tree (1801–1862). See Bradshaw.

[190] Ellen Tree (1805–1880). See Ellen Kean.

[191] Walter Hawken Tregellas (1831–1894), miscellaneous writer; draughtsman in the war office; published Cornish Worthies 1884, and other works; contributed to periodicals, also articles on Cornishmen to the Dictionary of National Biography.

[192] Edwin Octavius Tregelles (1806–1886), civil engineer and quaker minister; engineer of Southampton and Salisbury railway, 1835; preached and visited West Indies, Northern Europe, and the Hebrides.

[193] Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813–1875), biblical scholar; nephew of Edwin Octavius Tregelles; employed at ironworks, Neath Abbey; studied Greek, Hebrew, Chaldee, and Welsh; took pupils at Falmouth, 1835; successively quaker, Plymouth brother, and presbyterian; superintended publication of concordances in London, 1837; published The Book of Revelation, edited from ancient authorities 1844; deciphered and collected numerous manuscripts at home and abroad for his new Greek text of the New Testament; published Account of the Printed Text 1854, and the text, 1857 1872: LL.D. St. Andrews; received pension of 200l. from civil list.

[194] Francis Tregian (1548–1608), Roman catholic exile; attended Elizabeth's court to assist persecuted catholics; imprisoned for twenty-eight years, and his property confiscated for harbouring Cuthbert Mayne, popish priest, 1577; retired to Spain.

[195] Sir John Tregonwell (d. 1565), civilian; D.C.L. Oxford, 1522; principal of Vine Hall, Oxford; commissary-general in court of admiralty, 1535; agent of Henry VIII in various capacities, especially in dissolution of the monasteries; master in chancery, 1539; chancellor of Wells Cathedral, 1541-3; commissioner of the great seal, 1550: knighted, 1553, and favoured by Queen Mary; M.P., Scarborough, 1553.

[196] Baron Tregoz (1559–1630). See Oliver St. John.

[197] Michael Tregury or Trevor (d. 1471), archbishop of Dublin; M.A. and D.D. Oxford; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1422-7; first rector of Caen University, 1440; chaplain to Henry VI and his queen; dean of St. Michael's, Penkridge, 1445; archbishop of Dublin, 1449-71.

[198] Charles Trelawny (1654–1731), major-general; brother of Sir Jonathan Trelawny; served with Monmouth in Holland, 1673, and with Turenne on the Rhine, 1674; deserted to William of Orange, 1688; fought at battle of the Boyne, 1690; governor of Dublin; took part in siege of Cork and was promoted major-pcneral, 1690; resigned his regiment, 1692; governor of Plymouth, 1696.

[199] Edward Trelawny (1699–1754), governor of Jamaica; son of Sir Jonathan Trelawny; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford; M.P. for West Looe, 1724-3:5, East and West Looe, 1734-5: governor of Jamaica, 1738-52: settled the Maroons and proved very efficient administrator; took part in expedition against Cartagena, 1742, against San Domingo, 1748.

[200] Edward John Trelawny (17M-1881). author .111.1 adventurer; entered navy, 1805; de*rtudt Bonify Tiuul. his way to Eastern Archipelago; returned to :;:,! visitc-l Switzerland: met Shelley and Byron HI Italy, ls-i; present at Leghorn when Shelley and Williams were drowned; prepared Shelley's tomb at Rome; took part in Greek struggle for independence. 1S-J3. and married, as his second wife, Tersitza, slater of the insurgent chief Odysseus; wrote letters on B l,Mth ai,.l:.ill,,f IBm3Ba&:.uMi-!,M hm aftjMfad A.I rentures of a younger Son 1831; vtaited America; swam across the river at Niagara between the rapid and the falls an.l p.Tf.irnu.1 other exploits: idolbwi by London society; published Records of Shelley, Byron, and the Author 1868; lived to be the distinguished survivor of tin- Kyronic age; brilliant but inaccurate conversationalist; aat for the old seaman in Uillois's NorthWent Passage; buried by Shelley's side at Rome; distinguisbed as an author for his graphic and living descriptions, but also for a tendency to romance.

[201] Sir John Trelawny (fl. 1422), knight; claimed descent from family; settled at Trelawne, Cornwall, before the Conquest; M.P. for Cornwall; fought at Agincourt, 1415.

[202] Sir Jonathan Trelawny , third baronet (t60- I 17S1), bishop successively of Bristol, Exeter, and Winchester; son of second baronet and descended from Sir John Trelawny; of Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1675; given livings of St. Ive and Southill: one of the builders of Wren's Tom tower at Christ Church, Oxford, 1681-3; showed great activity on Monmouth's landing, and signed militia commissions; bishop of Bristol, 1685-9; showed intense loyalty to the crown, but refused to sign address in favour of declaof indulgence, 1687; assisted French protesUnt en; attended James II with the bishopspetition, and was imprisoned with them in the Tower of London, tried for seditious liber and acquitted: enthusiastically supported by the Cornishmen: took oaths to William and Mary; bishop of Exeter, 1689-1707; established his right as visitor at Exeter College, Oxford; took the side of Anne and the Churchill* against William III, 1691; supported Atterbury in revival of convocation; bishop of Winchester, 1707-21.

[203] Sir William Trelawwy , sixth baronet (d. 1772), cousin of Edward Trelawny; M.P., West Looe, 1756-67; died at Spanish Town.

[204] Tremamondo. See Domenico Angelo

[205] Edmund Tremayne (rf. 1582). clerk of the privy council;. entered service of Edward Courtenay, earl of DeTonshlre, 1553; employe*! by Cecil in Ireland to send information, 1569; clerk of the privy council, 1571: publishedCauses why Ireland is not Reformed 1571, and Matters wherewith the Queen of Scota may be Charged," 1578; M.P., Plymouth, 1572; succeeded to family estate of Collacombc, 1572.

[206] Sir John Tremayne or Tremaine (d. 1694) lawyer; counsel for the crown and in several important cases; appointed king's serjeant and knighted, 1689: M.P., Tregony, 1690; his Placita Corona published, 1723.

[207] Richard Tremayne (d. 1584), younger brother of Edmund Tremayne; M.A. and fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1563: fled to Germany at Mary's accession, 1653; made archdeucon of Chichester by Elizabeth, 1659; treasurer of Exeter Cathedral.

[208] John Immanuel Tremellius (1510–1580), Hebraist; -n of a.lew of Ferrara; studied at Padua: converted by Cardinal Pole; afterwards became protestant; fled successively from Lucca nnd Strasburg; resided with Cranmer at Lambeth, 1547; made king's reader of Hebrew at Cambridge, 1549; prebendary of Carlisle, 1562; on accession of Mary left England: tutor to children of Duke of Deux-Ponts, 1565, imprisoned by him for Calvinism: professor of Old Testament studies at Heidelberg, 1561; visited England, 1566; expelled from Heidelberg, 1576, by the new Lutheran elector; taught Hebrew at Sedan College, and died there; published translation of the bible from Hebrew and Syriac into Latin, 1569-79, and other works.

[209] Hugh Seymour Tremenheere College, Temple, served on various eo MOIST oi took, re; IMS; bar I fteMMdMBhor; M* A,::.r fellow of New College, Oxford, 1814-M; v uer TempU. 1834: revising barriiter. 1837; M sad wrote report poor-law i A Manual of the Prln marine*; ui.i Ir.M. MM! t i - " 1 806, and at captor* of Martinique and i loupe, 1794-6; K.H., 1831

[210] Francis Chenevix-Trent (1806-1886), divine and author; son of Melesina Trench; M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, I860; rector of Islip; published miscellaneous works.

[211] Frederick Chenevix Trench (1887–1894). major-general; son of Richard Cbenevix Trench: served ut siege of Delhi and Lucknow, and with hone; C.M.G., 1887; published military work*. (1776-1869).

[212] Sir Frederick William Trench general; 1st foot guards; served in Sicily, 1807, and in Wulcheren expedition, 1809: assistant, 1811, and depot v quartermaster-general. 1818; aide-de-camp to George IV, 1626; conservative M.P., St. Michael, 1807-11. Dundalk. 1812-18, Cambridge, 1819-32, Scarborough, 1886-47: planned Thames Embankment; K.C.H., 1831; general, 1864.

[213] Melesina Trench (1768–1817), author; nee Chenevix: married, first, Colonel Richard St. George. 1786, who died 1788; travelled in Germany 1797 and 1800; met Nelson and Lady Hamilton: married Richard Trench, 1808; petitioned Napoleon for her husband's release, 1806; wrote Remains (journal and correspondence) and poems.

[214] Power le Poer Trench (1770–1839), archbishop of Tuam; brother of Richard le Poer Trench, second earl of Clancarty; B.A. Dublin, 1791; held benefices of Creagh and Rawdenstown; captain of yeomanry, 1798; successively bishop of Waterford, 1801-1810, Elphin, 1810-19, and archbishop of Tuam, 1819-89; promoted the second reformation in Ireland; president of the Irish Society.

[215] Richard Chenevix Trench (1807–1886), archbishop of Dublin; son of Melesina Trench; of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; MJL, 1833: studied Spanish literature, and became acquainted with Maurice, Tennyson, and others; travelled abroad and took part in expedition of Torrijos to Spain, 1830: special preacher at Cambridge, 1843; Hulsean lecturer, 1846 and 1846: rector of Itchenstoke, 1844: professor of divinity at King's College, London, 1846-68; dean of Westminster, 1856, where he instituted evening nave services: archbishop of Dublin, 1868; opposed Irish church disestablishment: and, after passing of the act, kept Irish church united; author of works dealing with history and literature, poetry, divinity, and philology, including The Study of Words in 1851, Notes on the Parables of our Lord 1841, and Notes on the Miracles of our Lord 1846: displays great excellence in his sonnets and lyrics; as philologist popularised scientific study of language: suggested OxfordBnglish dictionary.

[216] Richard Le Poer Trench , second EARL OF Clancarty and first VISCOUNT CLANCARTY (1767–1837), diplomatist; son of first earl; Irish barrister: M ton Ldmavady, 1796, and co. Galway, 1798 till the union; first opposed, but afterwards hupported, the union; M.P n co. Galway (British parliamentX as supporter of Pitt; representative peer, 1808; president of board of trade, 1813; joint postmaster-general, 1814: ambassador to William of the Netherlands, 1813: plenipotentiary t congrew of Vienna, 1814; sent to adjust dispute* between Bavaria and Baden, 1815; ambassador again to the Netherlands, 1816-M: created Baron Trench, 1816, and Viscount Clanoarty in the peerage of United Kingdom, 18M: Marquis of Hunsdon in Netherlands, 1818; opposed catholic emancipation, 1819.

[217] William Stkoart Teehch (1808–1872), Irish land agent and author: nephew of first Lord Ashtown; educated at Trinity College, Dublin: Royml Agricultural Society's gold medallist: agent to the Shirley and other iUte: published Realities of Irish Life, 1 IMtl.s, Icrnr, 1 1871, MB,

[218] Trenchard Sm JOHN (1C40-1695), secretary of ,1-liol at New College, Oxford,:md Middle M.I 1.. Tauuton, 1679, 1681, Dorchester, 1688, Thetfonl, in tin- Convention parliament, 1'oole, 1690; promoted Oates's designs; took prominent part in exclusion debates and shared in plots; arrested, but ac.mitt i d: on Moutnonth's landing, 1686, escaped to the continent; pardoned by James II, 1087: remonstrated with.fames II, 1688: knighted, 1680; serjeant to William and -Mary and chief-justice of Chester, 1689; secretary for northern ilepartment, 1692.

[219] John Trenchard (1662–1723), political writer ; 1 at Trinity College, Dublin, and called to the lur; commissioner of forfeited estates in Ireland; wrote pamphlets a&riinststanding armiesand superstition ami. with Thomas Gordon (d. 1750), "The IndeIHindeut Whig and Gate's Letters

[220] Henry Trengrottse (1772–1854), inventor of the Rocket life-saving apparatus, 1808 (adopted, 1818).

[221] Francis Tresham (1567?–1605), betrayer of the Gunpowder plot; son of Sir Thomas Tresham (1543?-1605); took part in Essex's rebellion, 1601, and was imprisoned; implicated in mission to the king of Spain; obtained copy of Blackwell's book on equivocation; was initiated into Gunpowder plot, but revealed it to bis relative Lord Moutcagle; was arrested and confessed knowledge, but died before trial.

[222] Henry Tresham (1749?–1814), historical painter; exhibited at Dublin; accompanied John Campbell Cawdor to Italy and studied there; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1789-1806; RJL, 1799; collector of pictures and decorative objects; published verse.

[223] Sir Thomas Tresham (d. 1471), speaker of the House of Commons; son of William Tresham (d. 1450) ; brought up in Henry VI's household; M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1447, Huntingdonshire, 1449, Northampfeomhire, 14M I controller of the household; fought with Lancastrians at St. Albans, 1455; speaker of the parliament at Coventry, 1459; knighted by Henry VI's n after battle of St. Albans, 1461; taken prisoner at Towton and attainted, but pardoned; imprisoned, but released at restoration of Henry VI, 1470; proclaimed traitor on Edward IV's return, 1471; fought at Tewkesbury; promised pardon, but beheaded.

[224] Sir Thomas Tresham (d. 1559), grand prior of order of St. John in England; grandson of Sir Thomas Tresham (d. 1471): sheriff of Northamptonshire, 1524-6 and 1639-40; knighted before 1530; M.P., Northamptonshire, 1542; proclaimed Queen Mary at Northampton, 1553; grand prior, 1557; sat in House of Lords.

[225] Sir Thomas Tresham (1543?–1605), popish recusant; son of Sir Thomas Tresham (d. 1559); knighted, 1577; imprisoned seven years for harbouring Campion, 1581.

[226] William Tresham (d. 1450), speaker of the House of Commons; lawyer; M.P., Northamptonshire, 1423-50; speaker, 1439, 1442, 1447, and 1449; Yorkist; active in Suffolk's impeachment; murdered by Lancastrians.

[227] William Tresham (d. 1569), divine; M.A., 1520, and D.D., 1532, Oxford, and registrar, 1524-9; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1532; vice-chancellor, 1532-47, 1556,and 1558; held livings of Towcester and Bugbrooke; disputed with Peter Martyr concerning eucharist, 1549; imprisoned for catholic opinions, 1551; favoured by Queen Mary and given preferment; disputed with Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley, 1554-5; refused oath of supremacy to Queen Elizabeth, and was deprived of all preferments except Towcester.

[228] Sir Robert Tresilian (d. 1388), chief- justice of the king's bench; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, c 1344; Cornwall, 1368; J.P., 1377, and steward of Cornwall; king's serjeant and justice of the king's bench at iK of Richard II's reign; chief- justice, 1381; tried John Ball (d. 1381) q. v.l and his followers: roused to encrsach on lord mayor's jurisdiction in i-asu of John de Northampton, 1384: one of Richard's advisers in tkvlariii; commission of 1386 unlawful, 1387; hanged at Tyburn for treason.

[229] Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan (1807-1886), governor of Madras; -writer in Bengal civil service. 1826;;i--iMaut to Sir ( harl.s Metcalfe, commissioner at Delhi, 1827; deputy-secretary to government at Calcutta, 1831; married Hannah Moore, Macaulay's sister, 1834; wrote On the Education of the People of India 1838; nit-secretary to the treasury, London, 1840-59; administered Irish relief works, 1845-7; K.C.B., 1848; introduced new system of admission into civil service, 1853; became governor of Madras, 1859; recalled for publicly opposing financial policy of Calcutta, I860; returned to India as finance minister, 1862, and carried out great reforms: published The Application of the Roman Alphabet to all the Oriental Languages 1834, and other works.

[230] Raleigh Trevelyan (1781–1865), miscellaneous writer; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1807; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1810; succeeded to Netherwitton estates, 1818; author of poems and other works.

[231] Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, sixth baronet (1797-1879), naturalist; M.A. University College, i Oxford, 1822; studied science at Edinburgh; published ! scientific articles and edited the Trevelyan Papers with : Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan; F.G.S.

[232] James Trevenen (1760–1790), lieutenant, R.N., and captain in Russian navy; served with James Cook (1728-1799) on the Resolution, 1776, and i James King (1750-1784) on the Discovery, 1779; : took part (on the Resistance) in capture of the Coquette, I 1783; entered Russian service, 1787, and served against i Sweden; fatally wounded in action at Viborg Bay, 1790.

[233] Peter Treveris (. 1527), printer, mostly of grammatical tracts, also of Polychronicon 1527.

[234] Trevet Sm THOMAS (d. 1283), justice itinerant for Dorset and the neighbouring counties, 1268-71; tried the rioters who burnt Norwich Cathedral, 1272.

[235] John Pe Trevisa (1326–1412), author; fellow of i Exeter (1362-9) and of Queen's (1369-79) colleges, Oxford: , expelled, 1379; chaplain and vicar of Berkeley; translated i for fourth Baron Berkeley Higden's Polychrbnicon I 1387, and other Latin works.

[236] Richard Trevtthick (1771–1833), father of the locomotive engine; famous for quickness at figures and herculean strength; engineer at Ding Doug Mine, near Penzance, 1797, introduced several improvements, ineluding double-acting water-pressure engine, 1800, thus perfecting the vacuum engine; after preliminary experiments completed first steam carriage to carry passengers, at Redruth, 1801; devised improved locomotive, the first tried on a railway, at Pen-y-darran, 1804, and another for a steam circus, 1808; erected the first Cornish engine 1812, and started application of steam to agricultural processes; despatched nine engines to Peru mines, 1814;, which proved very successful; went to Peru, 1816; made I and lost many fortunes till war of independence, when machinery was wrecked; prospected in Costa Rica, 18261827; met Robert Stephenson at Carthagena; arrived penniless at Falmouth, and his petition to government was disregarded; visited Holland, 1829; projected other schemes, including improvements in propulsion of : steamboats; was buried at expense of workmen at Hall's factory in Dartford churchyard; as inventor, * one of the greatest that ever lived

[237] Arthur Hill Trevor -, third VISCOUNT DUNGANNON of the second creation in the peerage of Ireland (1798-1862), son of second viscount; M.A.Christ Church, Oxford, 1825; M.P., New Romney, 1830, Durham, 1831, 1835; vigorous opponent of parliamentary municipal reform; supported property qualification of member--, revival of convocation, national education connected with the church, and control of beer-shops; elected representative peer, 1856; opposed in the Lord.-? Divorce and Deceased Wife's Sister Bills: published political pamphlets and a history of William III, 1835-6.

[238] George Trevor (1809–1888), divine: clerk at tinIndia House, 1825; attended political meetings with Benjamin D'Israeli. M. A. Mag. Men Hall. vf..nl, 1847; chapluin n M-.-lra-i. !*:; lor York; anon of York and cluipluin oi Shi-m-.. iiM-nt:il in r: } "i-k; h..1 living of iliirtoii l.. a.an.l I..I.T. pul.lish.-d -TheCal ind several other world: well known w author ami orator; D.I). l.uh

[239] Trevor r TREVAUP St. Asuph::..i6: bishop, l:.M: wii-mplnvMl hy.nut d.-.-rtnl, Ki.-himl II, and wa* of Cheater, Flint, and North Wale* imin.-iiafiy by Henry IV: supported unlimited royal prerogative; was sent to Spain and accompanied army MII: font'ht at Min-A-tmry. 1HO. joined (llendower, 1404; H..1 to Scotland, Iv BeqoeaUy went ou mission to France.

[240] Trevor Sin JOHN iciv, u-,7-.'), - -ntaryof ntnte: son of Sir Jol.n Trevor. 1678); M.P., Kill, 1. ., AniM'l.-l in ConvntUvi (..irlianu-r ;niit Hcdwin in Ixng parliament o: t!:.- Id-to: member of trade committee, ltt6J, and conin. forests 1657; admitted to Monck's council, 1660: took part at Puri in negotiations with L.u- XIV. Holland, .in.l Spain, 1UG8: knighted and appointed Becretary of 1M8.

[241] Trevor sn: JOHN (,. 1673), parliament!, Trevalyn, Denbighshire: knighted, 161. M.I, lnibighshiro, 1620, Flintshire, lOlM ami 1625, aii.l (Jreat Bed win, 1638, and Orampound in the Long parliament; member of council of state, 1661, and of various committees; favoured Restoration.

[242] Trevor siit .1. .UN ( 1C37-1717), judge and speaker of the House of Con in ions; barrUu-r, 1661, treasurer, 1674, and reader, 1H75, of the Iniu-r Temple; knighted, 1671; M.I. Ga*Ue Uism,-..;7a, lkvm;--tni, 1678-9 and 1679-81, Denbighshire, 1081, Denbigh, 16H5, Beeralston, 1C89, Yarmouth (Idle of Wight), 1689-90; chairman of various committees and courted protestant interest: speaker, 1685 and 1690-5; master of the rolls, 1685, and proved successful judge: remained faithful to James II :tnl wan displaced, 1688, but reinstated, 1693; deprived of speakership for taking bribe*, 1695: constable of Flint Castle, 1705; custos rotulorum of Flint.

[243] John Ham Trevor l'DKN-, third Viscount Hampden (1749–1824), diplomatic ; son of Robert Hampden-Trevor, first viscount Hampden and fourth Baron Trevor; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1773; minister at Munich, 1780, Turin, 1783-98. 1603; reader. 16)0: knighted, 1619: ctcheoner judge. 1625; delivered judgment for government *g*W Hampden in ship-money ca*t, 1618: ipi 1641, and nod ..:

[244] Thomas Trevor , Baron Trevor of Bromham .1-:;:...!.-,.::.-.. I -.... r,:.::- ; barrbter. Inner Temple, 1680: olicltor-gencral. . -: -: - -.: -. if: general, 1695: oppoml Sir John Penwick'i attainder. ,- ".:,::,, ! r...;,-.,-. I"!:, loner to arrange union with Scotland, 1706: created Baron Trevor, 171 J; removed at auxMJon of CkofM I; lord privy Mai, 17)6-30; prarident of the eooncit. 17JO.

[245] Iago Trichrug (1779–1844). See James Hughes.

[246] Francis Trigge .',47 7-1606), divine and . r; M.A. Unlvenity College, Oxford, 17): rector of Welbourn; wrote treaUsei condemning the commercial n.ime, enckxare of common*. and conversion of arable land into pastures.

[247] Henry Trimen (1843-1896), botanist; M.B. I.OL.I.,,,, 1865: bucamc aMisUnt in botanical department at British Museum, 1861; publUbed with Dyer the Flora of Middlesex 1K69; eilitor of theJournal of Botany 1871; published with Bentley Medicinal Plants 187ft1K0; director of botanical gardens at IVradeniya, Ceylon. 1H79: F.R.8 lw*8; published A Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1893.

[248] Trimleston third BARON (1470–1588). See John Barnewall

[249] Marcus Trevor, fl r t of the first creation and Baron Trevor of Rostrevor in peerage of Ireland (1618-1670); commander in co. Down, 1641: came to England, 1641 and fought at Marston Moor, 1644: served in Cornwall under Hopton, 1645-6; fought for the parliament against Irish rebels, 1647, but joined Ormonde, 1649, and helped to defend Drogheda: wounded ut fight near Wcxford; changed again, 1650; made ranger at Ulster, 166O, and created Baron Trevor and Viscount Dungannon, 1662.

[250] Michael Trevor (. 1471).

[251] Richard Trevor (1707–1771), bishop of St. David's and of Durham; son of Thomas, baron Trevor of Bromham; D.C.L., Queen's College, Oxford, 1731; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1727: of St. David'B, 1744, and of Durham, 1751.

[252] Robert Hampden Trevor -, first Viscount Hampden and fourth BARON TREVOR (1706-17K3), sou of Tliomas Trevor, first baron Trevor of Bromham h- v.: B.. Queen's College, Oxford, 1735; fellow of All Sonls College, Oxford, 1725: secretary to legation, 1734, and minister at the Hague, 1739-46; corresponde-l Horatio Walpole: made commissioner of revenue in Ireland. 1750; F.R.S., 1764; author of Latin poems.

[253] Sir Trevor SACKVILL (Jl. 1604), naval commander; brother of Sir Thomas Trevor; captured four Spanish vessels off coast of Spain, 1602: knighted, 1604.

[254] Joshua Trimmer (1795–1857% geologist; grand son of Mrs. Sarah Trimmer; employed on geolo vey; wrote Practical Geology and Mineralogy 1841, and several papers; made important advance* in classification of superficial deposit*.

[255] Trimmer Mas. SARAH (1741–1810), author: daughter of John Joshua Kirby; made favourable impression on Dr. Johnson: married James Trimmer of Brentford, 171,2: publishalEasy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature 1782, and Sacred History 17**1784; started Sunday schools at Brentford. 1786; hud interview with Queen Charlotte, 1788; publb-holThe (Economy of Charity 178J, and other work*, including the Story of the Robins and Fabulous.

[256] Charles Trimnell (1630?-17WX rector of Abbot* Ripton.

[257] Trevor Sm THOMAS (1586-16W), jndge of Sir Sackvill Trevor; barrister, Inner Tempk,

[258] Charles Trimnell (1663-17MX),successively bishop of Norwich and Winchester: M.A. New College. Oxford. 1688 (incorporated, Cambridge, 169ft): 1-. .. p rW i,-h.-r at Rolls Chapel, 1688; chaplain to Earl of Sunderland; prebendary of Norwich, 1691: held successively various livings: archdeacon of Norfolk, 1698; wrote pamphlet* upholding right* of crown a* against convocation, 1701-2; bishop of Norwich, 1708; clerk of the closet to George I; bishop of Winchester, 1721-3.

[259] John Tripe (1762?–1821. See John Swete.

[260] Henkv Trtpp (-. 1D), author and trauMator: M.A. Pembroke Hall. Cambridge, 1571; rector 01 Faith's, London; author of Bn. i Six Reasons 1581, and tnniltttioiM from the Latin.

[261] Trivet or TREVET. NICHOLAS (12ft8?-lIX historian: *on of Sir Tliomn* Trevet: tMght Oxfonl; work in.-lu.le tlieologtcal and P b "jlOio*l ..ml xnuale* sex Regum Angli* ("{J'A lat edited. 1845.

[262] Trivet Pin THOMAS (rf. at Bourbourg; convicted on hi* rrtum of having Uken bribe* from the French to *ttrrender, and wa. impri*oned; supported Biohard II and wa. imprisoned at Dover, 1388, pvii. 236)

[263] Trokelowe or THORLOW, JOHN DK(A 1330), chronicler ami monk of St. Albans: wn-tf Annales* of reign of Edward II (edited by Thomas Hearue, 1729). a work once attributed to Rishauger.

[264] Trollope Sir ANDREW (d. 1461), soldier : served in the French wars, 1449-50; sergeant-porter at Calais: oonoerued in conspiracy of Alencon, 1454: returned to England with Warwick, 1459, but became Lancastrian; commanded at Wakefleld, 1460, and St. Albans, 1461; knighted; killed at Towton.

[265] Anthony Trollope (1815–1882), novelist and poet-office official: son of Thomas Anthony Trollope : was educated as a town-boy at Harrow; obtained clerkship in post-office, 1834: post-office surveyor in Ireland, 1841: published his first novel,The Macdermots of Ballycloran 1847, and other failures: became inspector of postal deliveries in south-west rural districts of Ireland, and obtained thus immense stock of information; gained success withThe Warden 1855, followed, among others, byBarchester Towers 1857, "The Three Clerks 1858, 'Prnmley Parsonage 1861, Orley Farm 1862,The Small House nt Allington 1864, Can you forgive her( 1864, andThe Last Chronicle of Barset 1867; despatched on missions abroad to Egypt, 1868, and West Indies, and also visited America, 18G2, Australia, and New Zealand, 1871-2, South Africa, 1878: publishedThe West Indies and the Spanish Main 1859,North America 1862, and other works; given charge of eastern postal district in England, 1859, but being disappointed of promotion retired, 1866: claimed invention of pillarbox: published series of political novels, starting with Phineas Finn 1869, also He knew he was Right 1869, 'The way we live now 1875,Nina Balatka 1867, and Linda Tresael 1868, in Blackwood; besides a large number of other works, including his autobiography, 1875-6.

[266] Arthur William Trollope (1768–1827), headmaster of Christ's Hospital, London; educated there and at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he distinguished himself; M.A., 1794: D.D., 1815: head-master of Christ's Hospital, 1799-1826; held several livings.

[267] Edward Trollope (1817–1898), bishop of Nottingham and antiquary; M.A. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 1859; rector of Lcasingham; prebendary of Lincoln, 1860; archdeacon of Stow, 1867; bishop suffragan of Nottingham, and D.D., 1877; instrumental in establishing see of Southwell, 1884: supervised church restorations; wrote antiquarian books, including a Manual of Sepulchral Memorials 1858.

[268] Frances Trollope (1780–1863), novelist; formerly Milton; married Thomas Anthony Trollope, 1809; after visiting America, 1827-30, wrote Domestic Manners of the Americans 1832, and also produced books on Belgium, Paris, and Vienna; published, among many other novels,The Vicar of Wrexhill, 1 1837, andThe Widow Barnaby, 1 1838; highly incensed Americans by her description of American society; settled at Florence, 1856; died at Florence.

[269] George Barne Trollope (d. 1850), rear-admiral; O.B., 1815; half-brother of Sir Henry Trollope ; rear-admiral, 1849.

[270] Sir Henry Trollope (1756–1839), admiral; entered navy, 1771; served in North America; said to have assisted in battles of Lexington and Bunker's Hill; supported attempt of army to join Burgoyne, 1777; commanded the Kite, 1778-81, in the Downs; captured prizes and defended merchant ships; captured the Hebe, 1782; as captain of the Glatton drove into port squadron off Helvoetaluys, and ensured safety of merchantmen, 1796; performed valuable services in the mutiny, 1797: took part in battle of Camperdown and was knighted, 1797; was refused pension, 1805; admiral, 1812; G.C.B., 1831; committed suicide.

[271] Theodosia Trollope (1825–1865), author: nt.t Garrow; wrote on Social Aspects of the Italian Revolutionin theAthenaeum and contributed to other periodicals: married Thomas Adolphus Trollope, 1848; created a salon at Florence.

[272] Thomas Adolphus Trollope (1810–1892), author; eldest son of Thomas Anthony Trollope; accompanied his fat!, or to America, 1H28; B.A. Magdalen Hull, txford, 1835: embarked on literary profession under his mother's auspice-;: contributed to Dickens's Household Words: settled at Klore.nce, 1843, where his house became the meeting-place for many English and foreign authors; supported Italian revolutionary movement: published a large number of works, including books on Tuscan subjects, reminiscences, and several novels; piveu order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus by Victor Emmanuel, 1862; correspondent ofDaily News at Florence and of Standard 1873, at Rome; returned to England, 1890.

[273] Thomas Anthony Trollope (1774–1835), barrister; cousin of Sir Henry Trollope; Winchester scholar; B.C.L. New College, Oxford, 1801; barrister, Middle Temple, 1801: ruined himself by scheme for selling fancy goods at Cincinnati.

[274] William Trollope (1798–1863), author; son of Arthur William Trollope; M.A. Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1824; incumbent of St. Mary's, Green Ponds, Tasmania; published exegetical works on the New Testament.

[275] George Trosse (1631–1713),nonoonformistdivine: educated for trade in France and Portugal: took to dissipated habits; was placed with a physician at Glastonbury, and finally went to Pembroke College, Oxford, 1658; became dissenting minister at Exeter; was imprisoned for conventicle preaching, 1685; published religious works and autobiography.

[276] Catharine Trotter (1679–1749). See COCKBurn

[277] Coutts Trotter (1837–1887), vice-master of Trinity College, Cambridge: nephew of Henry Dundas Trotter: M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1862; fellow, 1861; studied in Germany; lecturer in physical science, 1869-84; vice-master, 1885; performed valuable services in carrying out statutes of 1882.

[278] Henry Dundas Trotter (1802–1859), rearadmiral; served in East and West Indies; commanded Curlew on West African coast and captured pirates, 1833; commanded expedition to the Niger, 1841, to make treaties; commodore at Cape of Good Hope on outbreak of Crimean war; rear-admiral, 1857.

[279] John Trotter (1757–1833), army contractor; uncle of Henry Duudas Trotter; established Soho Bazaar, 1815.

[280] John Bernard Trotter (1775–1818), author ; brother of Edward Southwell Ruthven; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1795; student at the Temple; secretary to Fox; Irish barrister, 1802; published political tracts and other works; died in great destitution.

[281] Thomas Trotter (1760–1832), physician to the fleet and author; M.D. Edinburgh, 1788; surgeon's mate in Channel Fleet, 1779, and at battle of the Doggerbank, 1781; promoted surgeon, 1782; served on a slaver; as physician to Channel fleet (1794-5) was present at battle of 1 June, 1794; published medical works and verses.

[282] Sir Edward Thomas Trottbridge (d. 1852), rear-admiral: son of Sir Thomas Troubridge; entered navy, 1797; present at battle of Copenhagen, 1801; served on the Victory, 1803; assisted in destroying Dutch ships. 1806; lord of the admiralty, 1835; O.B., 1838; rear-admiral, 1841.

[283] Sir Thomas Trodbridge , first baronet (1758?1807), rear-admiral: entered navy, 1773: served in East Indies and on various ships; present at battles off Sadras and Trinconmlee, 1782, and Hughes's actions, 1782-3; captured on the Castor, 1794; present at action off the Hyeres, 1795, on theOulloden, and at battle of St. Vincent. 17'97, where he led the line and was warmly praised for his gallant conduct; failed in attack on Santa Crux, and at battle of the Nile struck on a shoal; received, however, gold medal: assisted Nelson at Naples and Malta; created baronet, 1799; lord of the admiralty, 1801; rear-admiral, 1804; lost iu the Blenheim proceeding from Madras to 1 the Cape.

[284] Sir Thomas St Troubridge . VINCENT Cochrane Hope (1815–1867), colonel; eon of Sir Kdward Thomas Troubridge; served at Gibraltar and the West Indie*, and In Canada and the Crimea; fought at Alma, 1864, und lout right leg and left foot at Iiikenu.m: Cl.; u I..h-camp to Queen Victoria; brevetcolonel; received Legion of Honour; deputy adjutuntgeuerul, 1857.

[285] Edward Troughtow (1753–1838), scientific instrument maker; i..uml tiis tirf)tli.-r in London as mechanician, and later carried on business by himself; original member R.A.S. and F.R5., 1810; Invented new mode of graduating arcs of circle*, 1778: contrived mnral circles and erected them at Greenwich, isiv. and other places, and also telescopes; made the beam-compass and hydrostatic balance contributed to the Hdinhuivh Cyclopaedia

[286] Trouohton JolIX (1637?–1681), nonconformist divine; became blind from smallpox: fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, and B.A., 1659; nouooufonuixt minister and religious author.

[287] William Troughton (1614?-1877?), nonconformist divine; of Queen College, Oxford: chaplain to Robert Hammond, 1647; obtained preferment; independent preacher; published religious works.

[288] John Thomas Trot (1739–1833), Roman catholic 1 archbishop of Dublin: joined Dominican order at Rome, j 1756; rector of St. Clements at Rome: bishop of t'wuory, 1776: archbishop of Dublin, 1784; condenmol Whiteboys; instrumental in founding Maynooth College.

[289] Trubbevujje or TRUBLEVILLE, HENRY DK (rf. 1239).

[290] Nicholas Trubner (NiKOLAUR) (1817–1884), publisher; born at Heidelberg; became clerk at Longman's; entered into partnership with Delf, and afterwards with David Nutt; developed American trade and visited United States; competent orientalist and critic; published, among other works, Bibliographical Guide to American Literature 1866,TrUbner American and Oriental Record Trtibner's Oriental Series and British and Foreign Philosophical Library

[291] Trub 8HAW, JAMES (1777–1853), engineer: employed at Buckingham Palace and elsewhere; gained local reputation at Stone; constructed Urosvenor Bridge (single-arched) at Chester, 1833, declared by Thomas Telford impracticable, aud Exeter Bridge, Derby, j llvii. 263

[292] Joseph Truman (1631–1671), ejected minister and metaphysician; M.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1654; rector of Cromwell, near Nottingham: ejected, 1662; frequently indicted for nonconformity; published The Great Propitiation 1669, dealing with the doctrine of justification by faitlumd contending for the all-sufficiency j of the Mosaic law; published alsoA Discourse of Natural and Moral Impotency 1671.

[293] Charles Trumbull (1646–1724), chaplain to Bancroft; brother of Sir William Trumbull q. T.I; B.A. Christ Church, Oxfonl, 1667; D.C.L. All Souls College, Oxford, 1677.

[294] William Trumbull (d. 1635), diplomatist; resident in the Netherlands, 1609-26; recalled on rupture with Spain; M.l, Downton, 1626: clerk of privy council, 1626; granted Eiwthampetead Pork, 1G28, ami appointed muster-master-gcneral.

[295] Sir William Trumbull (1639–1716), secretary of state; grandson of William Trumbull; entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1665; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1657; D.C.L., 1667; studentat Middle Temple, 1667; practised in ecclesiastical and admiralty courts; chancellor of Rochester diocese and clerk of the signet, 1682: with Pepys accompanied Lord Dartmouth as judgeadvocate to Tangier, 16*3; knighted, 1684; envoy to France, 1686; assisted English protestants there and was recalled; M.P., East Looe, 1686-7; ambassador to Turkey, 1686-91; governor of Hudson's Bay and Turkey companies; lord of the treasury, 1694; secretary of state, privy councillor, and secretary to lords justices, 1695; M.P., Oxford University, 1696-8: was acquainted with Dryden and Pope, and is eulogised in their works.

[296] Baron Truro (1782–1855).

[297] John Trusler (1736–1830), eccentric divine, literary compiler, and medical empiric; B.A. Emmauut-1 College, Cambridge, 1717: translated Italian borlrtta.: :.::..: il:. i....;. t,,..,;.T;, Ct R d Dst M MS* p 3 B Ml. "..;.: ".i r.-... i-.,-, soiling business; works include Hogarth Mmaltort; Habitable World 1788-97, an.1 part L of an autobiography.

[298] Tru 88ELL. . -UN (. 1686–1641), historical writer : ... History of England 1616, and theTouchstone of Tradition 1642; contributed to Annalia DnbraMbV 1686.

[299] Tru 8SELL, THOMAS (fl. 1610–1626 X of BUtaMj; soldier and author; brother of John TniMell

[300] Tru 88ELL or TRUMXL, WILLIAM Baron Trussell (fl. 1327), adherent of Thomas of Lancaster: fought at Boroogbbridge, 1822, and fled to France on fannaitort fall: returned with Isabella, 1826: tried and smtert elder Despenser to be hanged: as procurator of parliament renounced allegiance to Edward II at Berkeley, 1 817; hiMlforatimecommiiwionof oyerandtermlner; wassent on various foreign minions to Rome, Spain and Portugal, France and Flanders; granted lordship of Bergaes, 1881.

[301] Charles Brandon Trye (1767–1811), nirgeon : studied under John Hunter (1728-1798); boose Furgeon to Westminster Hospital ami Sheldon; subsequentiy surgeon to infirmary; established lying-in charity at Gloucester; P.RJJ., 1807; published medical works.

[302] Sir George Tryoh (1832–1893), vtoe-admiral : entered the navy, 1848; served in the Crimea, in royal yacht, 1868; commander of the Warrior, Channel fleet, 1861, first British sea-going ironclad; director of transports in Annesley Bay for Abyssinian expedition, 1867: private secretary to Mr. Goschen, 1871; commanded the Raleigh, 1874-7; on committee for revision of signalbook, 1877; commanded Monarch in Mediterranean, 1S7K, and performed valuable services off coartof Tunis, 1881; secretary of the admiralty, 1882-4; rear-admiral. 1884; commanded on Australian xtution and formulated colonial defence; K.C.B., 1887; superintendent of reserves, 1888, and commanded fleet in summer munwovres; viceadmiral. 1889; commanded on Mediterranean station, 1891: was lost in the Victoria in col isiou with the Camperdown, caused by his error, off Tnpoli.

[303] Thomas Tryon (1634–1703), Pythagorean '; as a boy was employed in spinning and shepherding; trudged to London and apprenticed himself to a batter; read works of Behmen and became a Pythagorean, refusing to eat all meat and fish; visited Barbados and traded in beavers: wrote several works of mystical philosophy and dietetics, includingHealth** Grand Preservative 1682; forms a link between the Ut-htnenists and early quaken.

[304] William Tryoh (1726–1788), governor of New York; of same family as Sir George Tryon; lieutenant-colonel, 1st foot guards; became governor of North Carolina, 1766, of New York, 1771; on outbreak of rebellion rvmained on board ship; re-entered New York with Howe, 1776: commanded Surrey regiment, made successful expedition into Connecticut, and hwned letter* of marque; lieutenant-general, 1782.

[305] Tuathal (d, 644X king of Ireland : called Maelgorhb, Rougbcrown: succeeded bis cousin Muircheartach Mor, 583; defeated the Cianachta.

[306] Abraham Tucker (1705–1774), philosopher; gentleman commoner of Mertou College, Oxford, 1711, where be studied philosophy, mathematics, French and Italian, and music; bought Betchworth Castle, near Dorking, 1737, and studied agriculture; wrote "The Light of Nature Pursued published, 1768-78, and other works of discursive philosophising, eulogised by Paky.

[307] Benjamin Tucker (1762–1829), secretary of the admiralty; at first purser in the navy; secretary to Lord St. Vincent, and assisted him in bis attack on prevalent abuses; surveyor-general of the duchy of Com wall, 1808.

[308] Tucker ('HAUL" III: MARIA (1821–1893), known as A.L.O.E. Iuly t KuL'hiiul); writer for children; of ll.nn, M. (ieorgf Tucker; wroU .icsoi itlli-L'oricul form; went to India as enana missionary, 1875; died at Aiaritsar.

[309] Hkniiv St Tuckee . (iEORGE (1771–1851), Indian financier; obtained writership in East India Company's MTVIIV. 171. 1. at Call-nit.:: captain of c:ialry corp-: military secretary to Lord Welksley. 1799; accountantgeneral, 1801-4, and again in 1805, when be incurred unpopularity by advocating retrenchments; underwent imprir-ontneut for attempted rape, 1806; filled various poste, and became secretary in colonial and financial department. IM2; left India," 1816; elected director of East India Company, 1826, chairman, 1831 and 1847; published two tragedies and works on Indian nuance.

[310] Josiah Tucker (1712–1799), economist and divine; 1LA. St. John's College, Oxford, 1739; D.D., 1755; minor canon of Bristol and domestic chaplain to Bishop Butler; appointed prebendary of Bristol, 1756, and dean of Gloucester, 1758; wrote tract againstgoing to war for the sake of trade 1763, which originated correspondence with and a translation by Turgot; defended clerical subscription to the thirty-nine articles; maintained desirability of separation from the colonies, and addressed k Cui Bono ? arguing the war with America a mistake for all concerned to Necker, 1781; anticipated some of Adam Smith's arguments against monopolies; author of economic, political, and religious works.

[311] Thomas Tudor Tucker (1775–1852), rear-admiral; brother of Henry St. George Tucker; entered navy, 1793, and assisted at reduction of Cape of Good Hope, battle of St. Domingo, 1806, reduction of Guadeloupe, 1810, and capture of American frigate Essex near Valparaiso, when he was severely wounded, 1814; O.B., 1840; rear-admiral, 1846.

[312] William Tucker (1658?–1621).

[313] William Tucker (1589?–1640?), colonist; appears to have sailed for Virginia, 1610, in the Mary and James; leading colonist at Kiccowtan.

[314] James Kingston Tuckey (177G-1816), commander R.N. and explorer; entered navy, 1793; served at reduction of Trincomalee, 1795, and of Amboyna, where he was wounded; shared in capture of the Forte, 1799; went out on the Calcutta, 1802, to establish colony at Port Phillip, and published account, 1804; captured by the French on return home and detained prisoner till 1814; commander, 1814; wrote Maritime Geography and Statistics 1815: commanded expedition to the Congo, 1816, and died of exhaustion; left a Narrative.

[315] Anthony Tuckney (1599–1670), puritan divine ; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1620, fellow and tutor; D.D., 1649; town preacher, 1629, and vicar, 1633, of Boston; prepared doctrinal formularies in the Westminster Assembly, 1643; received rectory of St. Michael-le-Querne, Cheapside, London; master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1645-53; vice-chancellor, 1648 and 1653: corresponded with Whichcote on his rationalistic tendencies, 1651; master of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1653-61; atrier 1654: regius professor of divinity, 1656; removed, 1661; arrested for nonconformist preaching, 1666; published sermons.

[316] Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond (Edmund of Hidham) (1430?-1456), eldest son of Owen Tudor q. v.: knighted by Henry VI, 1449; created Earl of Richmond, 1453, and declared legitimate; great forester of If ruydon Forest, 1453, and privy councillor.

[317] Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford (Jasper of Hatfield) (1431?-1495), second son of Owen Tudor; knighted, 1449; created Earl of Pembroke, 1453: fought on Henry VI's side at battle of St. Albans, 1455; employed in Wales 1457; K.G., 1459: took Denbigh, 1460; defeated by Edward IV at Mortimer's Cross, 1461; took part in invasion of the north, 1462; retired to Scotland and was attainted; landed in North Wales, 1468, but was finally defeated; landed with Warwick, 1470; fled with his nephew Henry (afterwards Henry VII) after battle of Tewkesbury to Wales, thence to Brittany and to Paris, 1488; accompanied Henry to Milford Haven and to Bosworth, 1486; created Duke of Bedford, 1485; held various high offices; earl-marshal, 1492; active in suppressing Lovel and Stafford, and Simnel insurrections; commander in France, 1492.

[318] Margaret Tudor (1443-1509). See Beaufort,

[319] Margaret Tudor (1489–1541). See MAI:. AI:;.T. :

[320] Owen Tudor (d. 1461), grandfather of Henry VII; belonged to old Welsh family; became clerk of the wardrobe to Catherine of Valois, widow of Henry V, to whom he was perhaps legally married; was twice confined in Newgate and escaped; pleaded his cause before the council, 1437; given annuity by Henry VI; captured at battle of Mortimer's Cross, 1461, and beheaded.

[321] Thomas Tudway (d. 1726), musician; choir-boy in Chapel Royal, London, after Restoration, and tenor in choir of St. George's, Windsor, 1664; organist of King's College, Cambridge, 1670, Pembroke College, Cambridge, and University Church; professor of music at Cambridge, 1705; MUS.DOC., 1706; composer and organist to Queen Anne; degraded from degrees and appointments for punning on the Duke of Somerset's restricted bestowal of patronage among the members of the university, 1706, but reinstated on public retractation, 1707; compiled for Lord Oxford collection of church music; composed church music, songs, and catches.

[322] Andrew White Tuer (1838–1900), publisher . nnd writer on Bnrtolozzi; entered partnership with Mr. 1 Field (d. 1891) as stationer and printer in London, 1862; ! founded, 1877, and editedPaper and Printing Trades Journal: began. 1877, publishing busines.3, which was i turned into a limited company as the Leadenhall I're-s. 1892; collected works of art of all kinds; F.S.A., 1890; publishedBartolom and his Works 1882,London Cries 1883, and works relating to literature and children's books of George 1 1 1's reign.

[323] Henry Tufnell (1805–1854), politician; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1829; student at Lincoln's Inn, 1 827; private secretary to Sir Robert JohnWilmot-Horton, and afterwards to Lord Miuto; treasury lord, 1840; whi_r M.P., Devonport, 1810-54; secretary to the treasury, 184G. -1

[324] Thomas Jolliffe Tufnell (1819–1885), surgeon; assistant-s urgeou to 44th regiment at Calcutta, 1841, and later to 3rd dragoon guards in Ireland; F.R.C.S. of Ireland, 1845, and president, 1874-5: surgeon to Dublin military prison and several hospitals; regius professor of military surgery, Dublin, 1851-60; accompanied Scottish regiment to Crimea, 1854; published surgical works.

[325] Sackville Tufton , ninth EARL OP THANET (1767-1825), nephew of John Frederick Sackville, third Duke of Dorset; travelled abroad; created riot in court at trial of Arthur O'Connor at Maidstone, 1798, and was imprisoned and fined.

[326] Sir Brian Tuke (d. 1545), secretary to HenryVIH : king's bailiff of Sandwich, 1508; clerk of the signet, 1509: clerk of the council at Calais, 1510; J.P. for Kent, 1512; knight of the king's body. 1516: governor of the king's ports 1717: secretary to Wolsey, and later French secretary to Henry VIII, 1522; treasurer of the household, 1528; patron of learning; celebrated by Leland and often painted by Holbein.

[327] Daniel Hack Tuke (1827–1895), physician : son of Samuel Tuke: after some hesitation applied himself to study of mental disease; distinguished himself at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London; M.D. Heidelberg, 1853; wrote essay On the Progressive Changes in the Moral Management of the Insane 1854, which gained a prirx;, and, with Bucknill, A Manual of Psychological Medicine 1858: visited foreign asylums; became consulting physician in London, 1876, examiner, and lecturer; LL.D. Glasgow, 1883: published other medical works.

[328] Henry Tuke (1755–1814), quaker writer ; son of William Tuke; engaged in business at York; ! quaker minister; chief work,The Principles of Religion ! as professed by... the Quakers 1806.

[329] Jam Tuke 11S HACK (1819–1896), philanthropist and quaker; son of Samuel Tuke: employed in hi. father's business at York, 1836, but became partner in a , bank, 1852, removing to Hitchin, Hertfordshire; studied social questions, wrote papers on Munition, and devoted J t. nuer't Magazine,* 1870: dean of UM to pabHc objects; virited America, 1845 an ili-iriin.-.-d i-iom-y in Iins after the siege, l in i.viand. I -;.;?: ! t.. Am.-rica, assisted by the government: n bilN for -h he wax an active member; elected member of Atheneom and Ksfor Office IHHC,: pttbhahed Mreral pamphlets an ,, r u llectaal Itrvi val of Hcotla i-;.n:, !..;i

[330] Tuke Sm SAM r KI., tirt baronet (rf. 1674), royalist and playwright: admitt.il, i;my Inn, If,..; royal army, commanded at Lincoln, and fought at Marston Moor, 1644; serv-d under;r vt,l45; defended Colchester, 1648; resided almwl during Pro ike of QlouooBter: atholie; at Restoration was sent on missions to French court; created baronet, 1664: original K.ILS.; his tragi-coinedy. Tlic Adventures of Five Hoars 16f3, much lauded by Pep -.

[331] Sam Tuke l KL (1784–1857). philanthropic and ,...,..!,-..,.....,-...,;-:......: i Thought in the Nineteenth Century 1884 5: i minded theologian, but champion of orthodox?: founder -,,M............:-.. .,,,-.,,l, r:,,,,nl .....,........-.....,..-..-. ti to Encyclopedia Briuuuk* (Dtii

[332] George Tully or Tullie (1CU ?!). "coutro ..".,,,,... T....; fellow. Queen Coltoge, Oxford, 1679: M. A., 1671

[333] Thomas Tully (1620-1676), divine; fellow of Queen's OoUegf. i: appointed ; r D !,:..:.-. 1:...:.....! T i. KkfioB, MM im.:. tap.. MM D i. WO;. of KIIHIII. 1673; strict Calvintst; published controversial works.

[334] Thomas Tuke (,. 1G67), royalist divine; M.A. Christ's Oul'a'v, C imbridge, 1603: minister at St. GlleaV iu-t.he-Field-;. London, 1616: vicar of St. Olave's, Jewry, lndon. lf. 1 -"J-V: kevner f tin- privy xiil, 1523; .,,ani pnthibit4.il Ty n. hill's New Twta .,. nu-nt:. NVolsey to Kniiiw. 1 5i'7, and nego Loudon, 1617; sequestered auil iuiprisoued 1643: pub- tiated treaty of t'ambray; bishop of Durham, 15:i" lishcd religious works.

[335] William Tuke (1732-1*22). founder of the York Retreat, erected, 1796. for humane treatment of insane, first establishment of tin- kind in England: tea and coffee merchant in York, aixi quaker.

[336] Charles Augustus Tulk (1786-1R40). borgian; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge: assisted in foundingwx-ietyVr puhlishinSwedenborg's works, 1810, and was conntx-tl with the 4 Hawkstone Meeting: studie.1 physiosil seiem and social questions; m:vcri-"trate: M.P.. Sudhnry. 1S20-6, Poole, 1835-7; author of Swedenborglan worlu.

[337] Jethro Tull (1674–1741), agricultural writer, matriculated, St. John's College, Oxford: urri.-t Inn, 1699, bencher, 1724: farna-l ut Howbm-y. iu-ar Wai ecclesiastical revolution remained faithful to Roman i.gma, but obeyed pawlvely civil power: president of council of the north, 1637; envoy to Scotland :md Fnmoe: took part (1541) in drawing upInstitution of a Christian Man passing of Six Articles Act, 1539, and publication of the(freat Bible executor to il.-nry VIITs will, Ifti7: vote-l against Uniformity Act, 1549, but rarrinl out it- DTOVMOIH when tow: acciwdof iiu-itiiikn-lK-llion. 155o. ami confined to hU boose in Lon.lon and wroU- ! Veritat.- Corporis et Sungulnis .. in Kii.-liari-tia 1: d.-privl. 155H; was restored on Queen MaryV hurvemion, but refrained from persecntlon oi the protentants: refuswl oath of supremacy and again deprive I Klizabeth, 1559; author of works, mostly rt-ligioua. ne and uiu, ioaj, uui uci, lingford, where he invented his drill, c. 1701: removed to (., l0, ttr. M A St- J())in. g College, Catnbri.lge, 1731: fellow 'Proeperoiuifarm, near Hungerford, Burluhire..-. !..:, IM(I Ultor. DD in,..tor, 174l-: obtained travellel abroad, 1711-14: intnKlueedsysu-m of pnlv-ns-. i ixin inrhiiling M in? ground: publishedThe Horse- hoing Husbandry i other agricultural treatises; was much attacked and accu-Hxl of plagiarism. Voltaire followed hi* method at Fen

[338] Mabqitk of Tullibardine (d. 174 See Murray, William

[339] Tulloch Sm ALEXANDER MURRAY 18.".1864), major-general; educated for the law at Edinburgh: joined 45th regiment in Burmah, 1826: exposed scandals connected with the soldiersfood, health, pay in bad coinage, ami pension fraud*: colonel. 1864: investigated with Sir John McNeill commissariat in Crimea. 1854, when report severely blamed general officers for improper distribution, and aroused controversy between Tulloch nnd Kinglake: published "The Crimean Commission and the Chelsea Board 1857: K.r .1869.

[340] John Tulloch (1828–1886), principal of St. Andrews; distinguished himself at St. Andrew* University: assistant -minister at Dundee, 1844-5; travelled abroad: contributed to periodicals, 1848-53; appointed principal and professor of theology at Andrews, 1H54: delivered lecture* at Edinburgh on reformation leader*, 1869, and was appointed chaplain to Queen Victoria: chief clerk, 1875. of general assembly, and rator, 1S7H; vwited America, 1874, and lectured: pped church disestablishment: conducted services to WestiMjy, 1878; LL.D. Glasgow, 18, and Bdiu Ings, Including V chaplain to Arc irerttuucanoo of St. l)u.ar of Koch i controversv with Middlcton, IJHo'l letters to Brutus: j.:.: works.

[341] Cuthbert Tunstall or Tonstall (-1569), master of the roll* and bishop soocoMivdy of London and Durham: studied at Oxford And Cambridge; ____ _____________ i Cambridge; qoaker:,i,U-t MI of ll.nry Tutas: entered hi* IJL'BT Padua; "became learned bi Oreek, Hebrew, mattw. < at York ; collected evidence on Insanity raat ici, and civil law : extolled by Knumiiu: frfend of nixl wrote papers, including Description of the Retreat j orv and leaden of the rm*": rector of Harrow. 1513, founded by hb father and grandfather, oonsUtnting,,,,-the-Hill, 1511; prebendary of Lincoln, 1*14: aroh carliestaccountorhumuiietruiitiiicutufinsaiii interested I deacon of Cljwter. 1515: ambassador to Prince of OMtile himself In education, various good works and public ob-, n t Brussels, 1515-16; master of the roll*, 1516; prebeudary of York, 1510; svnt unibasaador to Charles V, 151 and , jects; published works ou promin.

[342] James Tunstall (1708-1762), divine and classical scholar.

[343] Marmaduke Tunstall ( 1743–1790), naturalist; of Wvcliffe Hall, Yorkshire: educated at Douny; publlshed'OrnlthologlaBritaunica 1771; 1

[344] Thomas Tunstall or HELMZS, TH ' '. Uoman catholic martyr:.stinlial at lAmuy; miasioner in KIIKland; executed at Norwich.

[345] Simon Tunsted (d. 1869), Minorite friar and miscellaneous writer: joined On-y friars at Norwich; disttnguished for learning and piety: d.tor of theology, master of Minorites at Oxford, 1351, and miii.vincial, 1360: author of couimenUiry on ArUtoUe's Meteora alditioiis to Hichanl of Valluu perhaps of valuable trcatiae Quutuor 1'rincipaUa, eg, {vil. 317

[346] Mautin Farquhar Tuppee (1K10-18TO). author of 1'roverDial PhiliMopby: bdongwt to ok} Huirtienot family: M.A. Christ Church, oxford, 18J4. and barrister. Lincoln's Inn. 1835: Philosophy poem, 1838. which had a world-wide success (bis name, however, in due time becoming a synonym for the commouplaceX and numerous other works, including hi? naive Ant ibiography 1886; nrped necessity for fefonoe; ingenious inventor; F.K.S., 1845; D.C.L. Oxford, 1847.

[347] Nvilliam De Turbe (1095?–1174).

[348] Daubeney Ttteberville (1612–1696), physician: M.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1640; M.D., 1660; royalist soldier; eye specialist.

[349] Turberville or TURBERVILE, EDWARD (1648 ?-1681), informer; Roman catholic; entered household of Lady Molyueux: served in French army, and studied at Douay; pretended, at Lord Stafford's trial, that he had been importuned by him to kill Charles II. but later gave evidence against Stephen College and Shaftesbury, 1681.

[350] Turberville or TURBERVILE, GEORGE (1540 7-1610 ?X poet; great-nephew of James Turberville ; scholar of Winchester and (1561) fellow of New College, Oxford; admired at the Inns of Court for excellence in poetry; secretary to Thomas Randolph, ambassador to Russia, 1568; published Epitaphs, Epigrams, Songs, and Sonets 1567; Poems describing... Russia 1568, The Booke of Faulconrie 1576; Tragical Tales 1687 (from the Italian); translated Ovid'sHeroycall Epistles 1567, Mantuan 1567, and Mancinus 1568; commended by Harington and Pnttenham; familiarised employment of Italian models; pioneer in use of blank verse.

[351] Henry Ville IK (d. 1239), seneschal of Gascony ; famous soldier; adhered to King John: took part in victory over French fleet in Dover Straits, 1217; seneschal of Gascony, 1226-31 and 1234-8 (with short break, 1237): distinguished himself in Welsh war, 1233, and took Carmarthen; sent to aid the Emperor Frederick H against the Lombards, 1238.

[352] Henry Turberville (d. 1678), Roman catholic controversialist: private chaplain; publishedAn Abridgment of Christian Doctrine 1649, andA Manual of Controversies 1654.

[353] Turberville or TURBERVYLE, JAMES (d, 1570?), bishop of Exeter; fellow of New College, Oxford; M.A.,1520; graduated D.D. abroad (incorporated, 1532): bishop of Exeter, 1555; refused oath of supremacy and deprived, 1559.

[354] Ralph De Turbine (d. 1122). See RALPH D'ESCURES.

[355] Hugh Turford (d. 1713), quaker writer : schoolmaster at Bristol; published Grounds of a Holy Life 17u2.

[356] Pierre Flavien Turgeon (1787–1867), Roman catholic archbishop of Quebec; director of Quebec seminary, 1821; coadjutor, 1834; archbishop. 1850; supported English policy; organised province and founded Laval University, 1852.

[357] Turges or TURGESIUS (d. 815). See THUR nuu

[358] Turoot (d. 1115), bishop of St. Andrews; belonged to Brood Saxon family; was imprisoned at Norman Conquest, but escaped and was welcomed by king of Norway; shipwrecked on English coast; studied under Aldwin at Jarrow; became monk and subsequently prior of Durham, 1087, and arclxleacon; assisted in founding new cathedral, 1093, and in translation there of remains of St. Cuthbert, 1104; bishop of St. Andrews, 1109; probably author of Life of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland and her spiritual adviser.

[359] Henry Frederic Turle (1835–1883), editor of Notes and Queries: son of James Turle; sub fluently assistant to William John Thorns, editor ofNotes and Queries 1870; editor, 1878.

[360] James Turle (1808–1882), organist and composer : chorister at Wells, 1810-13; organist successively of Christ Church, Surrey, and St. James's. Bermondsey: first connected with Westminster Abbey, 1817: organist, 1831-82; composer mostly of church music,

[361] John Turmeau (1777–1846), miniature-painter ; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1794-1836.

[362] John Caspar Turmeau (1809–1834), architect ; son of John Turineau

[363] George Turnbull (1582?–1633), Scots Jesuit; professor and controversial writer.

[364] Jo Jin Turnbull (.f. 1800–1813), traveller; made voyage to Pacific islands and published A Voyu"c round the World 1804.

[365] William Turnbull (d. 1454). bishop of Gl;i-:v.-. 1447; founder of Glasgow University, 1451.

[366] William Turnbull (1729?–1796), physician; published medical works.

[367] William Barclay David Turnbull architect and antiquary ; admitted advocate, 1832; founded Abbotsford book- printing club, and edited several works for the society at Edinburgh; became Roman catholic, 1843: barrister, Lincoln's I in;. 1856; edited for Rolls SeriesThe Buik of tho Cronicles of Scotland... by William Stewart 1858; assistant under record commission, 1859, compiling calendars of state papers; obliged to give up employment owing t suspicious aroused by his religion, 1861; edited large number of old authors, translated from the French, and published genealogical works.

[368] Mrs Turner . ANNE (157G-161 5), murderess; wife of George Turner; intimate with, and perhaps daughter of the astrologer, Simon Forman; abetted Countess of Essex in poisoning Sir Thomas Overbury ( 15811613), 1613; was hanged at Tyburn.

[369] Charles Turner (1774–1857), engraver; engraved plates for Joseph Mallord William Turner's l Liber Studiorum engraver to George III, 1812; exhibited at Royal Academy, 1810-57.

[370] Charles Tennyson Turner (1808–1879), poet ; elder brother of Alfred Tennyson, first Baron Tennyson , with whom he publishedPoems by Two Brothers 1827: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1832: vicar of Grasby; changed his name to Turner on succeeding to a great-uncle's property, 1830: published sonnets, 1830, 1864, 1868, and 1873..

[371] Cyril Turner (1575?–1626).

[372] Daniel Turner (1667–1741), physician ; member of the Barber-SurgeonsCompany; L.R.C.P., 1711; pubihhed medical works.

[373] Daniel Turner (1710–1798), hymn-writer: schoolmaster at Hemel Hempstead, and baptist minister successively at Reading and Abiugdon; published hymns sermons, and other works.

[374] Dawson Turner (1775–1858), botanist and antiquary; entered Pembroke College, Cambridge; joined the Yarmouth bank, 1796; published The Botanist's Guid* through England and Wales 1805, Natural History of Fuci 1808-19, and other works.

[375] Dawson William Turner (lSl. r )-1885), philanthropist and educational writer; son of Dawson Turner; demy of Magdalen College, Oxford; M.A., 1840; D.C.L., 1862.

[376] Edward Turner (1798–1837), chemist: M.D. Edinburgh, 1819: studied chemistry and mineralogy abroad; professor of chemistry, University College. London, 1828-37: F.R.S., c. 1831: published Elements of Chemistry 1827.

[377] Francis Turner (1638?–1700), bishop of Ely; son of Thomas Turner (1591-1672); scholar of Winchester: probationary fellow of New College, Oxford, 1655; M.A., 1663; D.D., 1669; master of St. John's College, Cambridfire, 1670-9: vice-chancellor, 1678; bishop of Rochester, 1683, of Ely, 1684; joined in the bishopspetition, 1688, but refused oath of allegiance to William and Marj", and was deprived, 1690: corresponded with the exiled James II and was frequently arrested.

[378] George Turner (d. 1610), physician ; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1676; M.D. abroad: F.R.C.P., 1588, censor, 1591, 1592,1697, 1606, and 1607, and treasurer, 1609-10.

[379] Sir George James Turner (1798–1867), lord justice of appeal in chancery: brother of William Turner (1792-1867); M.A., 1822, and fellow, Pembroke College, Cambridge; ban-liter, Lincoln's Inn. 1-. 1840; M.I, Coventry, 1847-61; carried 4 Turn, r simplify cLann-ry proceedings; vice-chancellor, j.rm councillor, and knighted, 1861; member of commiwion for reform of chancery practice, 1861; lord justice of appeal in chancery, 1863; non. D.C.L. Oxford, 1H53.

[380] James Tuhner (d. 1604), parliamentary colonel ; executed for burglary.

[381] Turner 8m James (1616–1686?), soldier mad author: M.A. Edinburgh, 1631: enlisted In service of Gustavus Adolphus under Sir Jamet Lumnden, and erred in Germany, 1088-4; joined Scottish army in Kiifrland and Ireland and Scotland: took part in invasion of England, 1046; adjntantrgeneral, 1047; joined Hamilton's expedition into England, 1648; returned to Scotland, !150,:ui.i:-.-., m i,:.i.-,.lC!.;,r:,- II t..!.. k itl, -,f A,-, ~t,-r. 1061; joined Charles II In Paris; employed on royalist MOM; kafcttrtri tatanttoa; MMMndrtnvoMfa south-west Scotland to crush opposition of covenanters, 166; oaptored by the rebels; escaped, but was deprived of his commission?, 1668; granted pension by James II; published Pallas Armata(military essays), 1683, and memoirs; probably original of Dugaki Dalgetty. Ivii. 8881

[382] Turner .MS Kl Ml MALLOR Liam (1776–1851), landscape-painter; son of a London sold lra wings at a very early age; entered Academy schools, 1789, and was admitted to Reynolds rtudio: exhibited first drawing, view of Lambeth Palace at Royal Academy, 1790: contributed drawings to Walker's Copper- plate Magazine and Harrison's Pocket Magazine and made sketching tours; paid visits to Thomas Monro (1759-1833), called by Ruskin Turner's true master: executed drawings in neutral tint; made tour in the north, which resulted in great developjnent, and exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1798 Morning on the Coniston Fells, Cumberland and other pictures: exhibited Welsh subjects and his first naval battle-piece,The Battle of the Nile 1799: entered hU first style 1800-20, in which he Imitated various old masters, his work including Alpine scenes, 1803, after a tour abroad,Shipwreck 1805,Sun rising through Vapour 1807, Grossing the Brook Dido building Carthage 1815, also Liber Studiorum 1807-19; It. A., 1808; profwsor of perspective, 1808; visited Devonshire, the north, Scotland, the continent, and Italy: from 1830 to 1835 ceased to imitate, and aimed at ideal compositions; executed drawings for Riven of England and Harbours of England 1824; painted the Bay of Baitr 1888,Dido directing the Equipment of the Fleet 1888, andUlysses deriding Polyphemus sometimes regarded as his masterpiece, 1829; executed illustration* for Rogers's Italy 1830, and several other publications; visited south of France, Italy, Rome, 1828, and Venice, c. 1832; painted ceries of splendid pictures of Venice, and the famous Fighting Tcmeraire 1839: entered bU third period 1836-45; travelled in France and Italy, 1836; exhibitedThe Slave Ship 1840: some of his later works severely criticised and ridiculed: his reputation greatly increased by publication of Raskin'sModern Painter? 1843: daring next five years produced characteristic and inimitable works, including pictures from sketches in Switzerland, such asThe Splngen Venetian subjects, such as * The Approach to Venice 1843, together withSnowstorm 1848, and Rain, Steam, and Speed 1844, and attempts to represent rague thought* in colour language, such as War the Exile *: completed histhirdperiod, 1845, his later pictures including 'Whalers a new class of subject; burled in St. Paul's Cathedral.

[383] Matthew Turner (d. 1788?), chemist and freethinker: furnished chemical appliances to Josiah Wedgwood; published an answer to Dr. Priestley's Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever 1782.

[384] Peter Turner (1542–1614), physician; son of William Turner (d. 1568); M.A. Cambridge: M.D. Heidelberg, 1571 (incorporated at Oxford and Cambridge ): physician at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London: M.P. for Bridport; puritan.

[385] Peter Turner (1686–1652), mathematician; son of Peter Turner (1542-1614); B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1606: fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1007, M.A., 1612; Gresham professor of geometry, 1620-81; . 1811 ! n..MO,;... M,.,....,

[386] Richard Turner (d. 1566?) protestant divine; M. lfc*dfttaC BMLfetM,:-.. I r t:- 1- i-. 1662; curate to IUlphMorior: chaplain to Cranmer; obtained various nnfernsnU; In II Inf. fin IIIIB JIMMJ met vttt Mi LitE A. IMS; pMtartMj Z. and vicar of Dart ford; Oed to Balc at guro Mary accession; restored, 1669.

[387] Richard Turner (76M7W). author; son of Richard Turner (1724?-1791); writer of standard school text-book*.

[388] Richard Turner (1724?–1791), divine and author; vicar of Elmley Castle and rector of Little Comberton, 1764; hon. LL.D. Glasgow, 1786; wrote locational works.

[389] Robert Turner (d. 1599), Roman catholic divine: professor at Douay. Rome, Kictutadt, and logolstadt: rector of Ingolstadt University and D.D.: canon of Breslan and Latin secretary to Archduke Ferdinand; author of Latin sermons.

[390] Robert Turner (.*. 1040–1664), astrologer mat botanist; B.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1 Usbed Mipoo7MO 1664, Bor.KoAoyiV 1664, with other astrological works and translations.

[391] Samuel Turner (d. 1647?), royalist: son of Peter Turner (1542-1614): M.A. St. AUwn Hall, Oxford, 1604: M.D. Padua; M.P., Sbaftesbury. 1626, and in the Long parliament; nleo in Charles I Oxford parliament; attacked Buckingham in House of Commons, 1686; voted against Stratford's attainder, 1641; defeated parliamentarians at Henley, 1643.

[392] Samuel Turner (1749?–1802), Asiatic traveller; captain, East India service; led expedition to Thibet, 1783-4, and wrote an account, 1800; present at siege of Seringapatam, 1794; P.RJS., 1801.

[393] Samuel Turner (1706–1810), Irish informer; B.A., 1781, and LL.D. Dublin. 1787; barrister and United Irishman; fled abroad, 1797, but returned, 1803; enjoyed friendship of O'Connell, but had betrayed the cause.

[394] Sharon Turner (1768–1847), historian; attorney; studied Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon literature, and published his chief work, History of England from the earliest period to the Norman Conquest 1799-1806, a complete revelation; F.S.A.; received civil list pension.

[395] Sydney Turner (1814–1879), dean of Ripon; son of Sharon Turner; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1880, and of Reformatory School at !; inspector of reformatories; dean of Ripon, 1876-0.

[396] Thomas Turner (1591–1672), dean of Canterbury; M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1618; fellow; created D.D.. 1633; received numerous preferments; chaplain successively to Laud and Charles I: dean of lUxsbester, 1642, of Canterbury. 1644; attended Charles I devotedly; subsequently was deprived and imprisoned; reinstated at Restoration.

[397] Thomas Turner (1645–1714), president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; son of Thomas Turner (1591-1672); scholar and fellow of Corpus; M.A.. 1669; D.D., 1688; archdeacon of Essex and canon of St. Paul's, London; president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1688-1714; erected the fellows buildings, 1715.

[398] Thomas Turner (1749–1809), potter; son of Richard Turner (1724?-179l); excellent chemist and designer; succeeded to The Salopian China Warehouse pottery works; introduced willow pattern.

[399] Thomas Turner (1798–1873), surgeon; studied at Guy's and St. Thomas's hospitals, London, and at Paris; house-surgeon at Manchester Infirmary. 1817-80: A * t - _T*._ t_tl__t **- * * WMM!* **i iltT instrumental in of medicine and surgery; surgeon to Deaf and Dumb Inattention, 1886, and to Royal Infirmary, Manchestar, 1MO; professor of philosophy at Manchester Royal Institution, 1848; FJLCJJnlWJ: published malks* worta.

[400] Thomas Hudson Turner (1815-18.VJ), antiquary; held post at nvord otliec in the Tower of London: edited Manners 1.11 1 Household KxX'iie of Kn!:iml in the Thiru-enth;inl Fifteenth Centuries 1SU, and published other works.

[401] Sir Tomkyns Hilgrove Turner (1766?-1843), general; ensign, 1782; served in Holland, 1793-4; "Ion.-!, serving in Egyptian campaign, 1801; fought at Aboukir Bay and Alexandria; brought to England the Rosetta stone; received foreign decorations; assistant and quartermaster-general, 1803; brigadier-general to staff in South America, 1807; colonel of 19th foot, 1811; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, knighted, and appointed lieutenant-governor of Jersey, 1814-16, of Bermuda. 1825-1831; general, 1830; G.C.H. and groom of the bedchamber; published archaeological works.

[402] William Turner (f. 1568), dean of Wells; physician and botanist; M.A. Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1533; fellow and (1538) senior treasurer; intimate with Ridley and Latiiner: published at Cambridge several works, including Libellus de re Herbaria 1538; left Cambridge. 1540; travelled abroad, studied botany, and became intimate with Gesner and others; returned to England at accession of Edward VI; became chaplain and physician to Duke of Somerset; M.P. and prebendary of York; dean of Wells, 155U; deprived, 1553; lived abroad during Mary's reign; reinstated, 1560; opposed nil ceremonial: suspended for nonconformity, 1564; wrote botanical works, including his 'Herbal which marks start of scientific botany in England; his religious controversial works forbidden to be read in England in English; said to have introduced lucern into England.

[403] William Turner (1653–1701), divine: M.A. St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1675; incumbent of Walbcrton and Binstead; chief work,Compleat History of the most Remarkable Providences... in this Present Age 1697

[404] William Turner (1651 - 1740). musician ; chorister at Christ Church, Oxford, and Chapel Royal, London, one of the authors of the Club Anthem; sair in choirs of Lincoln Cathedral, St. Paul's, London, and Westminster; gentleman of the Chapel Royal, London, 1669; Mus.Doc. Cambridge, 1696; composed secular and sacred music, including various anthems.

[405] William Turner primus (1714–1794). dissenting divine; minister at Wakefield and elsewhere; contributed to Priestley'sTheological RepositoryandHarmony of the Evangelists

[406] William Turner , tcrtitu (1788–1853), dissenting minister; son of William Turner (1761-1859); M.A. Glasgow, 1806; mathematical and philosophical tutor, Manchester College; chief work, Lives of Eminent Unitarians 1840-3.

[407] William Turner , secundus (1761–1859), dissenting divine; son of William Turner (1714-1794); minister at Newcastle; published several works.

[408] Tuj truut, WILLIAM (1789 - 1862), 'Turner of Oxford' artist; taught at Oxford; painted pictures of Bnfttd) scenery.

[409] William Turner (1792–1867), diplomatist and author; brother of Sir George James Turner entered foreign office; attached to embassy at Constantinople; published Journals of a Tour in the Levant 1820; envoy to Columbia, 1829-38.

[410] Edward Tracy Turnerelli (1813–1896), artist; Mm of Peter Turnerelli; sketched Russian monuments for the czar, 1836-54: projector of people's tribute * to Lord Beaconsfield, 1878; published miscellaneous works.

[411] Peter Turnerelli (1774–1839), sculptor: grandson of Italian refugee: gained medal at Royal Academy: instructor to princesses, 1797-1801: executed buate, including those of Wellington, Blucher, George III, oroniH!. priiu-esw Charlotte, and Prince Leopold, and memorials, including that of Burns at Dumfries; represented sitters in ordinary costume.

[412] Robkht Dk Turnham (d. 1211), baron ; brother f Stephen de Turnham; took part in third cru idf: instii-iar of Cyprus. IIM: commanded Riehard I's tonvs in Anjou, 1197; John's seneschal in Foitou and ny, 1201-5.

[413] Stephen Turnham " DK (d. 1215), justice ; brother of Robert de Turnham; went on third .rr.side: escorted Berengaria to Rome, 1193; justice itinerant in Richard I's and John's reigns.

[414] Turnor Sir CHRISTOPHER (1607–1675), judge; M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1633: barrister Middle Temple, 1633; bencher, 1651; joint receiver general of South Wales, 1639-62; baron of exchequer and knighted at Restoration; served on several important commissions.

[415] Edmund Turnor (1755?-1829), antiquary ; descended from Sir Edmund Turner, brother of Sir Christopher Turnor; M.A. Trinity College. Cambridge, 1781; F.S.A., 1778; F.R.S., 1786; M.P., Midhurst, 1802-6; publishedChronological Tables... of the County of Lincoln 1779. and other works.

[416] Sir Edward Turnor (1617 - 1676), judge : entered Queen's College, Oxford, 1632; barrister. Middle Temple, 1640; treasurer, 1662; M.P., Essex; K.G., 1660; knighted, 1660; speaker of the House of Commons, 1661; solicitor-general; lord chief-baron of exchequer, 1670. * TURNOR, Sm EDWARD (1643-1721), gentleman of the privy chamber; M.P., Oxford; son of Sir Edward Turnor (1617-1676)

[417] Cyril Turnour (1575?–1626).

[418] George Turnour (1799–1843), orientalist ; entered Ceylon civil service, 1818; identified King Piyadassi with As6ka; edited the Mahavamsa 1836.

[419] Turold ( H. 1075–1100), romance- writer ; supposed author of the Chanson de Roland

[420] Richard Turpin (1706–1739), robber; son of an innkeeper at Hempstead, Essex; joined pan? of robbers; entered into partnership with the highwayman Tom King on the Cambridge road, 1735, whom he shot by accident; escaped to Yorkshire; arrested for horsestealing and hanged at York, the romances connected with his name being legendary.

[421] Tur ftUET DE MAYERNE, Sm THEODORE (1673–1655).

[422] Turstin (d. 1140).

[423] Thomas Turswell (1548–1585), canon of St. Paul's, London; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1574: canon of St. Paul's, London, 1580; possible author of 'A View of certain Wondcrfull Effects of late Dayes 1578.

[424] John Turton (1735–1806), physician : M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1759: M.D. University College, Oxford, 1767; obtained Radcliffe travelling fellowship, 1761; F.R.S., 1763: F.R.C.P., 1768; physician to George III and royal family.

[425] Thomas Turton (1780–1864), bishop of Ely : senior wrangler, Catharine Hall, Cambridge, 1805: fellow, 1806; tutor, 1807; M.A., 1808: B.D., 1816; Lueasian professor of mathematics, 1822; regius professor of divinity, 1827; dean of Peterborough, 1830, of Westminster, 1845; bishop of Ely, 1845; vigorous controversial writer; composed church music.

[426] William Turton (1762–1835), conchologist ; M.A. and M.B. Oriel College, Oxford, 1791: practised at Swansea; F.L.S., 1809; chief work, A Ooneholo.rical Dictionary of the British Islands 1819.

[427] Tus 8AUD, MARIE, MADAME TCSRAUD (1760–1850), founder of the wax-work exhibition; nix Gresholtz; born at Berne; assisted her uncle Curtius in his Cabinet de Cire in the Palais Royal, Paris; taught Madame Elisabeth; modelled heads of victims of the Terror; married Tussaurt; separated from him, 1800, and, migrating to England, transferred museum to Lyceum, Strand, London, 1 802, later to Blackheath, and finally settled at Baker Street, London.

[428] Thomas Tusser (1524? –1580), agricultural writer and poet: chorister at St. Paul's, London: w -n to Eton, King's College, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge; iuin.-i the court as musician to William PagH, flret bnnm 1'aget; fanned at Cattiwade, Sutlolk, awl intr.!-i..... i C.!:iuv..f b-.rley: dml pri-. put.lish.,1Hiiiidreth Good Point** of Hmban7 amplifl,.l,. 1 1573), TOM of quaint.-,(;.., m.,i expression, nuuiy proverbs being traceable buck to this work.

[429] Tutchin .V-1707), whig pamphleteer ; iPoem* 16*5; took part in Monmouth's n-iH-lli.in. less, aud was sentenced to seven yean* Imprisonment by Jeffrey*, who was bribed alter ward* to n,l (Minion: clerk in victualling office. r. 169J, Missed: publishedThe Foreigners: a Poem Coking William III and tbe Dutch, awl provoking Defoe's Tbe True-born Englishman; was arrested: established The Observator 1708, whig organ, and attacked the tories: publishedA Dialogue between a Dissenter and the - ( h-rvator." 17 was proeecoted by attorney-general, 1703; tried snbse rititly for attack on naval administration, but escaped on technical grounds: an ally of Defoe, though frequently quarrelling with him.

[430] Tttthill Put GEORGE LBMAN (1772–183G), jhysician; M.A., I8oi. and.M.D.. 1810, Ouiu* College, dambridge: kept prisoner in France for several yean; PJL&, 1810: F.K.C.P.. IM7: liuuumian lecturer, 1H18; censor, 1819 and 1830; knighted, 18)0; phy-ic-iau to Westminster aud other hospitals; active promoter of Pharmacopoeia Loudiniensis 1824.

[431] Lawi Tuttiett tEXCE (IS25-1X97), hymn-writer: canou of St. Ninian'i* Cathedral, Perth. 1877: piiMished Uymns for Churchmen. 1 1

[432] Tweddzll .TuJlX (1769–1799), classical scholar; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1793, where he distinguished himself: fellow, 1792; published Prolnsioues

[433] Twining i iloMAS (1776-1W1), ..! -..:,...II..-:.. (1 749-18*4) I HOMAS Uchnical education; son of 1792; travelled abroad, 1795, and diol at Athens. His valuable journals and pictures disappeared.

[434] Twu mro, WILUAM (1790–1835), army ! i:.. -.;:,.. and present at Waterloo: hospital; author of Clinical of Bengal 1832. aud other r

[435] William Twining (1813–1848 1 I n Ualliol College, oxford; son ol Richanl Twining H771-1857) Ivtt. Bj T WI8DEN.

[436] Twisleton I) TURNER BOYD (180 1H74). IN.!. v of lUilliol ColUv. Oxford. 1830 1SJH; M.A., 1834: barrister. Inner Temple. ISM; served on numerous commission*, 1HJ 7o; nubU*hed, TinTongue not Essential to Speech 1873.

[437] Francis Twiss (1760-18J7X compiler; brother of Richard Twins: married Fanny Ketnbte, sister of v-. 1.1..:,-.:-.;.:..;... published Index to Sliakespeare, 1806. f". *

[438] Horace Twiss (1787–1849), wit and politician; n of Francis Twiss: bar 1811, treasurer, 1x38: contributed *i:;- to Uw papers* K.C., 1827; M.P.. Wootton lJa.ett, 1810-80. Newport Vight ), lH.To-1: iudv'c-advocate of the fleet, 18: umi.T-ri-etary of war and colonies. 1828-30; vehemently opposed reform. wrote for The Times: vice-chancellor .-.lu.-hy of Uuicu-ter, 1844; published a life of Lord EMon. 1844.

[439] Ralph Hart Tweddell (1843–1895), engineer anl inventor of hydraulic riveter: patented portable hydraulic apparatus, 1865, and stationary hydraulic riveting machine, 1866; designed portable riveting machine, 1871.

[440] Marquiabs Tweeddale nv. See HAY. .i.ii. second KAKL and first MARQUIS, 1626-1697: UAY, JOHN, second MARQUIS, 1645-1713; HAT, JOHN, fourth MARyns,.. 1762: HAY, GEOBOK, eighth M.Kgns, 17H71876; and HAY, AuTHCit, ninth MAIII is, 1824-1878.

[441] Alexaxder Tweedie (1794–1884 X physician : M.I). Edinburgh, 1815: house-surgeon to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary; F.R.C.P., 1838; Lumleian lecturer, 1858-9: physician to London Fever Hospital, 1824; F.itS., 1838; published medical works.

[442] William Mbnzibs Tweedie (1826–1878). portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy.

[443] Leonard Twells (rf. 1742), divine: B.A. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1704; M.A. Oxford, by diploma, 1733: created D.D. Oxford, 1740; prebendary of St. Paul's. London; published controversial and religions work.-.

[444] Robert Dk Tweng (1205?–1268?). See

[445] Elizabeth Twining (1805–1889), philanthropist and botanist: daughter of Richard Twining (1772-1857)

[446] Richard Twining (1749–1824). director India Company and tea-merchant: wrote journal* and letters.

[447] Richard Twining (1772–1867), tea-merchant; F.R.S.: son of Richard Twining (1749-1824)

[448] Thomas Twining (1735–1804), translator of Aristotle's 4 Poetics; half-brother of Richard Twining (1749-1824); scholar and fellow, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; M.A., 1763; rector of St. Mary's, Colchester, 1788-1804; published translation of the Poetics 1789; left interesting correspondence; Mt tft and linguist.

[449] Richard Twiss (1747–1811), writer; brother of Francis Twia*: pabuVhed Travels through Portugal and SiIn 1775, and other works; P.ILS., 1774.

[450] Twiss Piu TItAVERS (1809–1897), civilian: MJU 1832. and D.C.L.. 1841, University Colleir,-. and tutor and public examiner: barrister, Lincoln Inn. 1840, bencher, 1858: I "run..r of political economy. 1842-7; professor of Inl College, London, 1862-5; reglus profwsor of civil law. Oxford. 1855-7(1; Q.C., 1858; chancellor of London diocv-e. IW.8: admiralty a-lvocate-general, 1863: knighted, , 1867: took important part in congress at Berlin, 1884- 5: chief work. The Law of Nations considered a pendent Political Communities 1861-3.

[451] William Twiss (1745–1827). general, colooelcommandant, royal engineers; employed at Gibraltar and Portsmouth: aide-de-camp to William Phillips q. T.I, taking part in:.uust th- Fruiu-U, mpertntended con.-t ruction of tia-t for Lake Champlain ubich dcfeatol French: as commanding engineer took part in capture of Ticon-li-ro--.i. 1777; taken prisoner at Saratoga, but exchanged: employed in various parU of Canada and at Portsmouth ami ebewlwre: commanding engineer of southern district, and of Duke of i army in Holland. 1799; colonel--onmtan.utnt. K.E 1809. beoteaant-ffeoanl, 1812: outhor of several uivful mil.I tary invention

[452] William Twisse (1578?-1646), puritan divine; nephew of Thomas Bilson; M.A. New College, Oxford 1604; D.D.. 1614; probationer fellow. 1596; chaplain to Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, at Heidelberg. 1613, but recalled and made rector of Newington Longueville: ricar .Miry. 1620; protested against the DecUrmtion of Sports; prolocutor of Westminster Assembly, 1643, but opposed alienation of church property; published contro :..,l

[453] Twm Shon Catti (1530–1630. See Thomas Jones.

[454] Josiah Twyford (1640–1729), potter; ..n Philip Elerx and learnt h. set up manufactory of stone wares at Shelton.

[455] Sir Nicholas Twyford (d London: warden of Goldsmiths Company; gokismi Edward III, 1360; sheriff, 1378: belonged to John of nrii.3M . Ml tal mam mpany: snUsmith O*ant'8 party: rival of Sir Nicholas Brembre; preeent with Sir William Yalworth nt Wat Tyler's death, 13.sl, and was knighted; lord mayor, 1388.

[456] Brian Twyne (1579?–1644), Oxford antiquary; son of Thomas Twyne; fellow, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1605; M.A., 1603; B.D., 1610; vicar of Rye, 1614; published Antiquitatis Academiae Oxoniensis Apologia 1608, and Account of the Musterings of the University of Oxford (printed, 1733); made valuable collections on early history and antiquities of Oxford; one of the editors of Laud's university statutes.

[457] John Twyne (1501?–1581), schoolmaster and author; B.C.L. Oxford, 1525; master of grammar school, Canterbury; M.P., Canterbury, 1653 and 1554; mayor, 1554; often in trouble with the authorities; wrote De Rebus Albionicis (published, 1590), Communia Loca and other works.

[458] Lawrence Twyne (. 1576), translator; son of John Twyne; B.C.L. All Souls College, Oxford, 1564; fellow; published Patterne of Painefull Aduentares 1576.

[459] Thomas Twyne (1543–1613), physician; son of John Twyne; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1564; M.A., 1568; M.D. Oxford, 1593; M.D. Cambridge; practised at Lewes; author of several works, including the completion (Bks. xi., xii., and xiii.) of Thomas Phaer's translation of the Eneid.

[460] John Twysden (1607–1688), physician; brother of Sir Roger Twysden; educated at University College, Oxford; barrister, Inner Temple, 1634: M.D. Angers, 1646; F.R.O.P., 1664; chief work, Medicina veternm Vindicata 1666.

[461] Sir Roger Twysden, second baronet (1597–1672), historical antiquary; brother of Sir Thomas Twysden ; educated at St. Paul's School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge: occupied himself in improving his property at Roydon Hall, and in study; refused to pay ship-money; M.P. for Kent in Short parliament, but alienated from parliament by cause of subsequent proceedings; signed petition from Kent, 1642, and was summoned before the House as delinquent; released on bail, but imprisoned again on publication of the Instructions 1642; being discovered endeavouring to escape abroad, was imprisoned and his estates sequestrated, 1643; returned to Kent, 1650, and engaged in literary pursuits; at Restoration became deputy -lieutenant, but remained unreconciled to the court and government: published The Commoners Liberty 1648, Historiae Anglicanae Scriptores Decem 1652, a work which entitles him to rank among the pioneers in English mediaeval history, and An Historical Vindication of the Church of England 1657; left an unfinished treatise and manuscripts.

[462] Sir Thomas Twysden or Twisden (1602-1683), judge; brother of Sir Roger Twysden; of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; barrister, Inner Temple, 1626; bencher, 1646; though staunch royalist became serjeant-at-law under Commonwealth, and defended Cony, 1655, for which he was imprisoned; confirmed in status at Restoration, made judge in king's bench, and knighted; created baronet, 1666; son of the judge of the regicides.

[463] Christopher Tye (1497?–1572), musician; chorister at King's College, Cambridge: master of the choir boys at Ely, 1543; Mus.Doc. Cambridge. 1545; obtained living of Doddington, Newton-cum-Oapeila, and Wilbrahara Parva; published Actes of the Apostles 1653, with music, excellent compositions as part-songs, some of which, with alterations, have become well-known hymn tunes, such as Winchester sung to While shepherds waU-bed; composer of anthems and other music, mostly "acred.

[464] Daniel Tyerkan (1773–1828). missionary: congregational minister at Newport, Isle of Wight, and elsewhere; visited southern stations of London Missionary Society, and died at Antananarivo; author of religious works and journals.

[465] Jonathan Tyers (d. 1767), proprietor of Vauxhall Gardens; opened them, 1732; instituted concerts and enjoyed patronage of Frederick, prince of Wales, and fashionable Society.

[466] Thomas Tyers (1726–1787), author; son of Jonathan Tyers; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, ; 1745; barrister, Inner Temple, 1757; joint-manager with ! his brother of Vauxhall Gardens, 17(7; favourite with Dr. Johnson, and described in the Idler as Tom Restless; published Political Conferences 1780, and biographical essays.

[467] Tylden Sm JOHN MAXWELL (1787–1866), lieutenant-colonel: brother of William Burton Tylden; i served in Monte Video, 1807, and Java expeditions, 1811; ; in Peninsular war, 1813, and in America, 1814: knighted, 1812; J.P. and D.L.

[468] Richard Tylden (1819–1855), captain, R.E. ; son ! of William Burton Tylden; commanded district at the Cape and defeated Kaffirs; promoted brevet colonel; fought at Alma and was present at his father's , death, 1854; distinguished himself at Sebastopol: promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel: was twice severely wounded; made aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria, colonel, and C.B., 1855; died at Malta.

[469] See Thomas Godden.

[470] William Burton Tylden (1790–1854), colonel, R.E.; brigadier-general; brother of Sir John Maxwell Tylden; as lieutenant, R.E., employed at Gibraltar, Malta, and Messina, 1808-12; was commanding R.E. at capture of Santa Maria, 1814, and of Genoa; mentioned in despatches, and promoted brevet-major; served in Netherlands and Prance, 1815, and elsewhere; took part in battle of the Alma, 1854; died of cholera.

[471] Tyldesley Sm THOMAS (1596-1C51), royalist general: of Morleys Hall, Astley; served in German wars; commanded regiments raised by himself at Edgehill, 1642: stormed Burton-upon-Trent; made knight and brigadier; governor of Lichfleld, 1645; surrendered at Appleby, 1648; landed with Derby in Lancashire: defeated and slain at Wigan Lane.

[472] Sir Charles Tyler (1760–1835), admiral ; entered navy, 1771; served on various stations; served under Nelson, 1795-1802; severely wounded at Trafalgar, 1805, and granted pension; received surrender of Russian fleet at Lisbon, 1808; commander-in-chief at the Cape, 1812-15; admiral, 1826; G.C.B., 1833.

[473] Sir George Tyler (1792–1862), vice-admiral; son of Sir Charles Tyler: lieutenant-governor of St. Vincent, 1833-40; vice-admiral, 1857.

[474] James Endell Tyler (1789–1851), divine; fellow, 1812, and tutor, 1818-26, of Oriel College, Oxford; M.A., 1813; incumbent of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London, 1826; canon of St. Paul's, London, 1845; published religious works.

[475] Walter Tyler, Tegheler Tyler, or HELIER, WALTER or Wat (d. 1381), rebel ; to be distinguished from John Tyler who killed collector of poll-tax; leader in the rebellion. 13 and 14 June 1381; presented demands to Richard II at Smithfield on 15th, and was killed by Lordmayor Walworth and (according to Froissart) Ralph Standish.

[476] William Tyler (d. 1801), sculptor and architect ; director of Society of Artists; original R.A., 1768.

[477] Alfred Tylor (1824–1884), geologist; Quaker and brassfounder; published On Changes of Sea Level 1853, and other works.

[478] Thomas Tymme (d. 1620), translator and author; rector of St. Antholin, Budge Row, London, and of Hasketon; translated De la Ramee's history of French civil wars, 1574, and published translations and A Siluer Watchbell (19th edit. 1659), a popular book of devotion.

[479] Samuel Tymms (1808–1871), antiquary; bookseller at Lowestoft; studied antiquities, especially those at Bury St. Edmunds; F.S.A., 1883, and local secretary; chief work, Bury Wills and Inventories 1860.

[480] William Tyndale (d. 1536), translator of tinbible: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1616; subsequently studied at Cambridge: before 1622 preached in Gloucestershire and introduced the new learning: involved in disputes with the clergy; translated Erasmus's Enchiridion Militis Christiani; was summoned before William of Molvern and rebuked for his iirn.-.T.liniM: determined to trunsbito New Testament into vi-rn;i.-iiUr: n-mov.-.i t.. 1,.11-lon, 1523; left for Hamburg to accomplish his translation. ism.,m,l v.Mtoi Luther at Wittenberg;; menced printing at Cologne, 1626, but was stopped by injunction from Cologne senate; completed work at Worms in different form, and introduced copies into England, which were denounced, contrary to Wolsev's advice by the bishops, 1526, and copies destroyed; was himself ordered to be seized at Worms by Wotor: escaped to protection of Philip the Magnanimous, landgrave of Hesse, at Marburg: became wingllan DublishedParable of the Wicked Mammon Undenounced by More), and The Obediece of a Christen man 1628, laying down supreme authority of scripture in the church and of king in state: approved by Henry VII; to Hamburg, and subsequently to Antwerp; wrote The Praotyse of prelates 1530, denouncing Roman hierarchy, dialoge 1531; his surrender demanded by Henry VIII from the emperor, 1531, which being refused, instructions were Issued for kidnapping him: left Antwerp, but returned, 1533, and occupied himself in revising translation of the Bible: betrayed by Henry Phillips to Imperial officers, ho arrested him for heresy; imprisoned at Vilvorde, 1535, and strangled and burned at the stake there, in spite of Cromwell's Intercession. He was one of the most remarkable of the Reformation leaden; his original writings show sound scholarship, but his translation of the bible consisting of New Testament, 1525, Pentateucli, e. 1530, and Jonah, 1531 the accuracy of which has been endorsed by translators of authorised version, is his surest title to fame.

[481] John Tyndall (1820–1893), natural philosopher : born at Leighlin Bridge, co. Carlow; employed on surveys and as railway engineer; teacher of mathematics and surveying at Queenwood College, Hampshire, with Frankland: studied with him at Marburg under Bunscn, 18481850: Ph.D. Marburg, 1850; published, with Knoblauch, investigation On the Magneto-optic Properties of Crystals 1850; went to Berlin and published other papers on same subject, afterwards collected in Diamagnetism 1870; returned to Queenwood, 1851; F.H.S., 1852; formed friendship with Huxley; lectured at Royal Institution and became professor of natural philosophy there, 1853, and colleague of Faraday, whom he succeeded as superintendent, 1867-87; made Important Investigations in Penrhyn slate-quarries, and subsequently in the Alps, with Huxley, upsetting the plastic theory; embodied their investigations in The Glaciers of the Alps 1860; made first ascent of the Weisshorn, 1861; conducted his important researches on Radiant Heat in its relation to Oases and Vapours 1859-71; removed all vagueness regarding the once widely received doctrines of spontaneous generation, his memoirs being collected In Contributions to Molecular Physics 1872, and Floating Matter of the Air 1881; Rumford medallist, 1869; M.D. Tubingen; succeeded Faraday as scientific adviser to Trinity House and Board of Trade, 1866, and undertook investigations embodied in 'On Sound 1867, and others on light: resigned, 1883; gave lectures in America, 1872-3, and published their substance in Light 1873, also * Heat considered as a Mode of Motion 1863, and other works. As writer Tyndall did much in popularising science, his works being translated into most European and some Eastern languages and widely read throughout the world.

[482] Barons Tyrawiey . See O'HARA, SIR CHARLKP, first BARON, 1640 7-1724; O'HARA, JAMKH, second BARON, 1690-1773.

[483] Earl Tyrconnel and titular Duke of Tyrconnell. See Richard Talbot , 1630–1691.

[484] James Tyrie (1543–1597), Jesuit theologian; studied at St Andrews University: was carried abroad by Edmund Hay; became Jesuit at Rome, 15C3; professor and subsequently rector of Clermont College; wrote a Refutation in answer to John Knox, 1573, and disputed publicly with Andrew Melville at Paris, 1574; concerned in affair of the Spanish Blanks, 1598.

[485] Earls Op Tyrone . See O'NKILL, Cox BACACH, first EAUL, 1484?-1569?; O'NEILL, HUGH, 16407-1616, and O'NKILL, SHAKK, second KABLR. 1630 T-1667: POWBE. KI.-H MI,. first KARL of the Power family, 1*10-1690.

[486] Tyrrell A NTH(XY( 1552–1610?X renegade priest d ipy: descendant of Sir John TynA ToTrJI:otti VkSkl j.u. * * J * I..:;.. ing at Denham. 1686 oom J..,.:I":.-..: conspirator, and other plotters; became spy, and.fur ewaping abroad again and showing nuX vmcUlattcW. prouounced recantation at St. Paul's'Orces and livings of Southmlnster and Dengir; fell company, tried to escape on 1

[487] Frederick Tyrrell (179S-1M1X nrgton : surgeon at St. Thomas's Hospital, London, 1822, and lecturer on anatomy; assistanWorgeon to London Bye Infirmary. imiTak&iMtttv+iiXSZnS Byes 1840.

[488] Tyrrell or TYRELL. 8m JAMES (d. 1602), supposed murderer of the princes in the Tower of London: grandson of Sir John Tyrrell; strong Yorkist; knighted after buttle of Tewkesbnry, 1471; M.P.,1 wall, 1477; fought under Richard HI in Sooth was made knight-banneret, 1482: master of the Richard III; according toHistoric of Kyng Rrcbaide the Thirde Instrumental In murder of the princes: became steward of duchy of Cornwall and chamberlain of exchequer; given posts in Wales by H general pardons: lieutenant of castle of was concerned in Suffolk's flight, 1601, and having confessed to murder of the princes.

[489] James Tyrrell (1642–1718), historical writer: M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1663; barrister. Inner Temple, 1666; J.P. and deputy-lieutenant for Rucking . bamshire, but deprived by James II for refusing to sapportdeclaration of indulgence 1687; intimate friend of Locke: chief work, Patriarcha non Monarch* 1681, advocating limited monarchy, in reply to Fumer's i Patriarcha

[490] Sir John Tyrrell (d. 1437), speaker of the Home of Commons: M.P. for Essex, 1411 and 1411; present at Agincourt, 1415; sheriff, 1423; speaker. 1427, 1431, 1437; treasurer to Henry VL

[491] Sir Thomas Tyrrell (1594–1672), judge; belonged to family of Sir John Tyrrell; barrister. Inner Temple, 1621, bencher, 1669; deputy-lieutenant for Buckinghamshire, 1642; nerved under Bedford and Bseex. and fought at Lostwithlel, 1644: M.P., Aylesbury, 16691660: joint-commissioner of great seal and serjeant-atlaw; at Restoration knighted and justice of common pleas; served on various commissions.

[492] Walter Tyrrell (yl. 1100). See Tirel

[493] John Tyrwhitt (1601–1671). See Spencer.

[494] Richard St John Tyrwhitt (1827–1895), writer on art; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1862: student and tutor; vicar of St. Mary Magdalen, Oxford, 1868-72; exhibited at Royal Academy and elsewhere; author of A Handbook of Pictorial Art 1866, and other works.

[495] Sir Robert Tyrwhitt or Tirwhit (d. 1428), judge; advocate in Richard II's reign; member of council of duchy of Lancaster; serjeant on Henry IV's accession, 1399; judge of king's bench and knighted, 1406.

[496] Robert Tyrwhitt (1735–1817), Unitarian; brother of Thomas Tyrwhitt; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1769: resigned, 1779; a founder of London Unitarian Society 1791, but withdrew; contributed to Commentaries and Essays.

[497] Thomas Tyrwhitt (1730–1786), classical commentator; educated at Eton and Queen's College, Oxford: fellow of Merton, 1766; M.A. 1766: published works while undergraduate: barrister. Middle Temple, 1766: deputy-secretary at war, 1756; clerk of the House of Commons, 1762-8: edited Proceedings... of the House of Commons, 1620-1 1766, and Blsinge's Manner of holding Parliaments 1768: credited with of almas t every European tongue and master of 1 and classical literature; published an~fl"i* . upon... Shakespeare 1766, Canterbury Tales of Chaucer 1775, Poems supposed to have been written... by Thomas Rowley (chief work exposing the Rowley forgeries), 1777 and 1778, and editions; ind .1 authors, including AristoU-lN dPoetica Liber, Gnece et Latlne posthumous, 1794, and 'De Lapiditnis 17sl, lxldly assigning the latter work ( Yi0ta), to the era of Constantino; F.H.S., 1771, and trustee of the British Museum, 1784.

[498] John Tysdale (fl. 1550–1563). See Tisdale.

[499] Tysilio (yf. 600), British saint; founded Meifod Church, Montgomeryshire; reputed by tradition, but without foundation, poet and historian.

[500] Edward Tyson (1650–1708), physician; M.A. I Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1673: M.D. Cambridge; F.R.C.P., 1683; censor, 1694; physician to Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals; lectured on anatomy to Barber Surgeons; published first in England monographs on particular, animals: declared the pigmies, cynocephali, satyrs, and sphinges of the ancients to have been merely apes in Orang Outang 1699.

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