Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 07

This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 7 running from name Brown to name Burthogge.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 7 Brown - Burthogge. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

{{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: ^{[link currently leads to a wrong person]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text ^{[disambiguation needed]}. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
{{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - Y
{{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - Y Y
{{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - Y N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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2

3

4

5

Philip Brown (botanist)^[41]
YRawdon Lubbock Brown^[42]
YRichard Brown^[43]
Robert Brown (painter)^[44] - ODNB states (1672–1753)
YRobert Brown^[45]
YRobert Brown (agriculturalist)^[46]
Robert Brown (divine)^[47] - ODNB states (c. 1792–1846)
YRobert Brown^[48]
YRobert Brown^[49]
YSamuel Brown^[50]

6

33

34

46

47

51

52

YGeorge Burnett (officer of arms)^[511]
YGilbert Thomas Burnett^[512]
YJames Burnett^[513]
YJohn Burnett (merchant)^[514]
YJohn Burnett (advocate)^[515]
YSir William Burnett^[516]
Y YCharles Burney^[517]
YCharles Burney (scholar)^[518]
YFrances Burney^[519]
YJames Burney^[520]
Y YSarah Harriet Burney^[521]
Y YJohn Burneyeat^[522]
Y YRichard Burnham (clergyman)^[523]
Y YRichard Burnham (baptist)^[524]
YAllan Burns (physician)^[525]
YSir Sir George Burns, 1st Baronet^[526]
Y YIslay Burns^[527]
Y YJabez Burns^[528]
Y YJames Burns (merchant)^[529]
Y YJames Burns (Scottish shipowner)^[530]
Y YJames Drummond Burns^[531]
Y YJohn Burns (surgeon)^[532]
YRobert Burns^[533]
Y YRobert Burns (theologian)^[534]
Y YWilliam Chalmers Burns^[535]
Y YRobert Burnside^[536]
Y YRobert Burrant^[537]
Y YSir Harry Burrard, 1st Baronet of Lymington^[538]
Y YJohn Burrell^[539]
Y YLitellus Burrell^[540]
Y YSophia Burrell^[541]
Y YSir William Burrell^[542]
YChristopher Burrough^[543]
Y YEdward Burrough^[544]
Sir James Burrough (architect)^[545]
YSir James Burrough (judge)^[546]
YStephen Burrough^[547]
YWilliam Borough (William Burrough)^[548]
YJeremiah Burroughes^[549]
YSir John Borough (John Burroughs)^[550]
YJoseph Burroughs^[551]
Y YEdward John Burrow^[552]
Y YSir James Burrow^[553]
Y YReuben Burrow^[554]
Y YJohn Freckleton Burrowes^[555]
Y YPeter Burrowes^[556]
Y NSir George Burrows, 1st Baronet^[557]
Y YGeorge Man Burrows^[558]
YSir John Cordy Burrows^[559]
YRobert Burscough^[560]
Y YAlbin R. Burt^[561]
YEdward Burt^[562]
YWilliam Burt (writer)^[563]
YRichard Burthogge^[564]

Notes

^ Charles Brown (d. 1753), naval officer; entered the navy about Ii;;i3: received his first command, ITni; served in the Baltic and the Mediterranean; distinguished 1,1,11-. !i at Portobello, 1739; commissioner of the navy at Chatham, 1711.
^ Charles Armitage Brown (1786–1842), friend of Keats; in Imsines.- at St. Petersburg till 1810; inhumed a competency, mid devoted him-elf to literature; met Ke.its before September, 1H17; travelled with him in Scotland, IM*.:md made him an inmate of his house at H.unpsteiid till 1H2(J; in Italy, 1822-35; lectured on Kratand shake-peare; went to New Zealand, 1841. From him Keats learned Ariotto. His papers about Keats were of oe to Lonl Hough ton in his life of the poet. He published a work on the personal interpretation of ShakeM t. 1838.
^ Charles Philip Brown (1798–1884), Telugu scholar; son of David Brown (1763-1812) Centered Madr.i-; fivil service, 1817; postmaster-general and Telegu translator to the Madras government, 1846-55; professor of Telugu in University College, London; published Telugu grammar, dictionary, and reader, and other liiuruistic works.
^ David Brown (ft. 1795), landscape-painter; painted copies of George Morland's works; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1792-7; taught drawing in the country.
^ David Brown (1763–1812), Bengal chaplain ; educate! at Cambridge; went to Calcutta, 1786; zealous in the cause of missions.
^ Ford Madox Brown (1821–1893), painter ; born at Calais; studied art at Bruges, Ghent, and Antwerp; exhibitedThe Giaour's Confessionat English Royal Academy, 1841; studied in Paris, 1843-4; exhibited cartoon, Bringing Body of Harold to the Conqueror at Westminster Hall, 1844; studied in Rome, 1845; accepted Dante Gabriel Rossetti as pupil, 1848, and thus came into contact with pre-Raphaelites, by whom his work was gradually influenced; executed panels for town-hall, Manel iester, illustrating history of that city, 1878; one of the founders of Hogarth Club; a leading member, 1861-74, of firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., manufacturers of artistic furniture, founded by William Morris
^ George Brown , or Gregory in religion (d. 1628), an English Benedictine; died in France.
^ George Brown (1650–1730), arithmetician; minister of Stranraer, and, 1680, of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire; invented a method of teaching the simple rules of arithmetic, which he explained in his Rotula Arithmetical 1700; wrote other arithmetical works.
^ Sir George Brown (1790–1865), general ; ensign, 1806; served with distinction in the Peninsula; lieutenant-colonel, 1HH; after many stuff appointments, beoame lieutenant-general, lKfl; K.C.B., 1 852: commanded the Ufht division in the Crimea, and the English contingent against Kertch, 1865; commander-in-chief in Ireland. IHUO-fi.
^ George Brown (1818-18SD), Canadian politician; son of Peter Brown; publisher and business manager of -British Chroniclein New York; founded Globe political journal at Toronto, in support of reform party; abandoned reform party and became extreme radical member for county of Kent in Canadian legislative assembly, 1851; member for Lambton county, 1854, Toronto, 1867-61, and South Oxford, 1863-7; formed (1858) ministry, which lasted for four days; president of council, 1864; member of senate, 1873, refused the honour of K.O.M.G., 1879; died from effects of shot fired by discharged employe at Globe * office.
^ George Hilary Brown (1786–1866), Roman catholic prelate; professor of theology at Ushaw; missioner at Lancaster; vicar-apostolic of the Lancashire district, titular bishop of Tloa, 1840; Roman catholic bishop of Liverpool, 1860; D.D.
^ Gilbert Brown (d. 1612), Scottish catholic divine; a Cistercian; abbot of New Abbey, Kirkcudbright; an influential opponent of the Reformation in the southwest of Scotland, 1578-94; imprisoned, 1605; died in exile at Paris; published controversial tracts,
^ Hugh Stowell Brown (1823–1886), baptist minister; eon of Robert Irown. 1846); employed in ordnance surveys in Cheshire, Shrewsbury, and York; entered London and IiriniiiL'ham Railway Company's works, 1840; baptist minister at Stony Stratford, 1847-86; president of Baptist Union, 1878; published lectures.
^ Ignatius Brown (1630–1679), Roman catholic writer; of Irish parentage; educated in Spain; rector of Jesuit college at Poitiers, 1676; confessor to queen of Spain; died at Vallndolid; published controversial tracte.
^ James Brown (1709–1788), orientalist ; educated at Westminster School; resident in the Levant, 1722-5, acquiring Turkish and modern Greek; projected a trade directory for London, 1732, afterwards carried out by Henry Kent; in 1741 travelled through Russia to Reshd in Persia, where he established a factory; returned to London, 1746; compiled a Persian dictionary and grammar, never published.
^ James Brown (1812–1881), Roman catholic prelate; professor at Oscott; president of Sedgeley Park academy; bishop of Shrewsbury, 1851; showed great energy in his diocese; D.D.
^ miscellaneous writer: called to bar at Inner Temple, 1816; judge of requests at Oldham, 1840; wrote memoir of Howard the philanthropist, and works on the penal laws.
^ James Baldwin Brown , the younger (1820-1884), congregational divine: eldest son of James Baldwin Brown the elder; one of the first graduates of London University; congregational minister at Derby, 1843, and in London, 1846; famous for his liberal theological views both in the pulpit and in the press; published theological treatises.
^ John Brown (d. 1532), sergeant painter to Henry VIII; employed chiefly as an heraldic painter: alderman of London, 1522-5; gave his house to be a hall for the company of Painter Staiuers.
^ John Brown (1610?–1679), of Wamphray, Scottish ecclesiastic; educated at Edinburgh; minister of Wamphray, Dumfries, 1656; ejected, 1662, and banished; minister of the Scottish church at Rotterdam; published doctrinal and historical treatises.
^ John Brown (1627?–1685), the 'Christian carrier' ; one of the most famous of the covenanter martyrs; a small farmer and carrier at Priestfield, Ayrshire; shot by order of Claverhouse at his own door and in his wife's presence.
^ John Brown (d. 1736), chemist; F.R.S., 1722; published discoveries in chemistry.
^ John Brown (1715-1766), author of the Estimate; educated at Wigton and St. John's Oollww, Cambridge; H.A., 1735; minor canon of Carlisle and a whig preacher; rector of Great Horkesley, Essex, 1756, and of St. Nicholas, Newcastle, 17C1; gained the friendship of Warburton by an Kssay upon Satire published in Dodsloy's miscellanies; wrote an essay (1751) on Shaftesbury's Characteristics which is memorable for its clear statement of utilitariaiiism; brought into repute hv his Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times 1757; committed suicide on being forbidden by the doctors to go to St. Petersburg, where he hoped for a liigh educational post; published numerous tragedies, epics, odes, sermons, essays.
^ John Brown (1722–1787), of Haddington, biblical commentator; as a herd-boy taught himself Latin, Greek, and Hebrew; at one time a pedlar; served as a soldier in the Edinburgh garrison, 1746; taught school in Kinrossshire and Midlothian: joined the Burgher church, 1747; minister to the Burgher congregation at Haddington, 1760-87; acted as professor of divinity to Burgher students after 1768; published an explanation of the Westminster ( Vmfession of Faith, 1758. His Self-interpreting Bible 1778, a plain commentary for the people, became immensely popular.
^ John Brown (1735–1788), medical reformer ; son of a Berwickshire labourer; educated at Dunse school; became a private tutor at Edinburgh; enabled to complete his medical course by the liberality of the Edinburgh medical professors, Monro and Cullen; vigorously attacked their system in his tutorial lectures, alleging that most diseases were due to weakness, and that their practice of blood-letting was erroneous; incurred the hostility of the faculty in Edinburgh; compelled to take his M.D. degree from St. Andrews, 1779; in consequence of debt and other troubles left Edinburgh for London in 1786. His Klcineuta Medicinae 1780, setting forth his views, had made him famous, and he was gaining a good practice in London, when he was cut off by apoplexy. His ideas have since been generally adopted.
^ John Brown (d. 1829), miscellaneous writer ; published a History of Bolton 1825; went to London to advocate the claims of his friend, Samuel Crompton, the inventor; committed suicide in despair at his want of success in life.
^ John Brown (1754–1832), of Whitburn, Scottish divine; eldest son of John Brown (1722-1787); educated at Edinburgh; minister of the Burgher church at Whitburn, Liulithgowshire, 1776-1832: wrote memoirs of James Hervey, 1806, and many religious treatises.
^ John Brown (1778–1848), of Langton, theologian ; minister of Langton, Berwickshire, 1810; D.D. Glasgow, 1815; joined the Free church in 1843; wrote in defence of presbyterian orders and church government,
^ John Brown (1784–1858), of Edinburgh, divine ; eldest son of John Brown (1754-1832); educated at Edinburgh; taught school in Fife; minister of the Burgher church at Biggar, 1806, and of the Relief church at Edinburgh, 1822; D.D., 1830; professor of exegetics in the Relief college, 1834, and in the United Presbyterian College, 1847; wrote expositions of several epistles, and many religious treatises.
^ John Brown (1780–1859), geologist; apprenticed as stonemason: abandoned his trade (1830) for geological study; contributed to scientific journals.
^ John Brown (1797–1861), geographer; midshipman in the East India Company's service till 1819; afterwards a wealthy diamond merchant; advocated Arctic exploration and the search for Sir John Franklin.
^ John Brown (1810–1882), essayist; son of John Brown (1784-1858); educated at Edinburgh High School and University; M.D., 1833; practised in Edinburgh with success till his death; published Horae Subsecivae three volumes of essays, 1858-82, and Rab and his Friends 1859.
^ Sir John Brown (1816–1896), pioneer of armourplate manufacture; apprenticed to factor at Fargate; manager of business, 1831; invented conical steel spring buffer for railway wagons, 1848; opened Atlas Steel Works, Sheffield, 1856; originated use of rolled steel armour plating for war vessels, 1860, and his method was approved by royal commission, 1863; knighted, 1867.
^ John Crawford Brown (1805–1867), landscape-painter; travelled in Holland and Spain.
^ John Wright Brown (1836–1863), botanist ; of Edinburgh; student of Scottish flora.
^ Joseph Brown (1784–1868), physician: army surgeon in Wellington's campaigns; M.D. Edinburgh, 1819; practised in Sunderland: wrote on medical subjects.
^ Lancelot Brown (1715–1783), reviver of the natural style of landscape-gardening; laid out gardens at Kew and Blenheim; architect of many country j houses; high sheriff of Huntingdon, 1770; known as Capability Brown
^ Levinius Brown (1671–1764), Jesuit; educated at St. ( inier and Rome; resided at Ladyholt, Sussex, 1700, where he was a friend of Alexander Pope; rector of the English college at Rome, 1723-31; provincial, 1733: rector of Liege College, 1737; spent his last years at St. Omer.
^ Oliver Madox Brown (1856–1874), novelist and painter in water-colours; son of Ford Madox Brown q. T.I: first exhibited, 1869; publishedGabriel Denver his first novel, 1873. Other novels are contained in his 4 Literary Remains 1876.
^ Peter Brown (1784–1863), Canadian journalist; went to New York, 1838, and founded British Chronicle newspaper; removed to Toronto, 1843, and renamed paper The Banner which became organ of Free church of Scotland in Canada.
^ Philip Brown (d. 1779), botanist; medical practitioner in Manchester; collected foreign plants.
^ Rawdon Lubbock Brown (1803–1883), historical student; resided in Venice, 1833-83, making careful researches among the Venetian archives, especially among the reports sent home by the Venetian ambassadors in London. His Calendar of State Papers... in the Archives of Venice is indispensable for the study of English history from 1202 to 1558. In addition he wrote historical works in English and Italian.
^ Sir Richard Brown (d. 1669). See Browne.
^ Robert Brown (d. 1753), painter; assisted Sir James Thornhill in painting the cupola of St. Paul's; painted altar-pieces in several London churches. Some of his pictures have been engraved.
^ Sir Robert Brown (d. 1760), diplomatist; merchant in Venice and British resident till 1734; created baronet, 1732; M.P. for Ilchester, 1734; a noted miser.
^ Robert Brown (1757–1831), writer on agriculture; a Haddington farmer; published Treatise on Rural Affairs 1811, and other works.
^ Robert Brown (d. 1846), divine; chaplain of St. Matthew's chapel, Douglas, 1817; vicar of Kirk Braddan, 1836-46.
^ Robert Brown (1773–1858), botanist; educated at Aberdeen and Edinburgh; studied flora of Scotland, 1791; army official in Ireland, 1795, and London, 1798; naturalist to Captain Flinders's Australasian expedition, 1801-5; librarian to the Linnean Society, and to Sir Joseph Banks; published Prodromus Flora Novae Hollandiae et insulae Van-Diemen 1810; D.C.L. Oxford, 1832; eminent for his investigations into the impregnation of plants.
^ Robert Brown (1842–1895), geographical compiler; B.A. Edinburgh, 1860; studied at Leyden, Copenhagen, and Rostock; Ph.D. Rostock; botanist to British Columbia expedition, and commander of Vancouver expedition, 1864; travelled widely, 1861-9; lecturer in natural history in high school and Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh, 1869-76; removed to London, 1876; compiled several popular geographical works and published scientific and other volumes. He was F.L.S., and on council of Royal Geographical Society.
^ Samuel Brown (fl. 1700), surgeon at Madras; collector of Indian plants.
^ Sir Samuel Brown (1776–1852), engineer; naval officer, 1795; commander, 1811; captain, 1812: knighted, 1838; devised an improved method of chain-links for shipcables and suspension bridges.
^ Samuel Brown (1817–1856), chemist; M.D. Edinburgh, 1839; devoted himself to chemical research; wrote on the atomic theory.
^ Samuel Brown (1810–1875), statist ; an actuary by profession; advocated uniformity of coinage and weights and measures; joint-editor of the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries
^ Stephen Brown (fl. 1340?), theologian ; supposed to have been born at Aberdeen; a Carmelite monk, and reputed author of several theological pieces. His identity is doubtful. Stephen Brown, bishop of Ross in Ireland, 1399, was a different person.
^ Thomas Brown (fl. 1170), officer of the Exchequer. See Thomas.
^ bishop of Rochester, 1485, and of Norwich, 1436; ambassador to France, 1439.
^ Thomas Brown (fl. 1570), translator ; of Lincoln's Inn; translated the Nobilitas Literata of Sturmius.
^ Thomas Brown (1663–1704), satirist; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1678, where he wrote the famous I do not love thee, Dr. Fell and other verses, Latin and English; taught school at Kinston-ou-Thames; afterwards settled in London as a hack writer and translator; fertile in satirical verse.-; wrote against Dryden, Durfey, Titus Oates, Sir Richard Blackmore. His collected works appeared in 1707.
^ Thomas Brown (1778–1820), the last of the Scottish school of metaphysicians; educated iu London and at Edinburgh University; a disciple of Dugald Stewart; criticised Erasmus Darwin's Zoonomia, 1798; studied medicine at Kdiutmrgh, 1798-1803, and practised there, IHUC; wrote philosophical tracts, and tried to obtain a chair in the university; elected professor of moral philosophy, 1810; became au extremely popular lecturer; published poetry and essays. His Lectures were once hiphly esteemed, but were severely criticised by Sir William Hamilton.
^ Thomas Edward Brown (1830–1897), Manx poet; son of Robert Brown (d. 1846); educated at King William's College, Isle of Man, and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1853; fellow of Oriel, 1864-8; M.A., 185(5; master of King William's College and viceprincipal, 1858-61; head-master of Crypt School, Gloucester, 1861-4; second master at Clifton, 1864-93; curate of St. Barnabas, Bristol, 1884-93. He published Fo'c'sle Yarns 1881, and other tales in verse in Manx dialect appeared in subsequent years. A collected edition of his poems was issued, 1900.
^ Thomas Joseph Brown (1798–1880), Roman catholic prelate; Benedictine monk, 1813; professor of theology at Downside, 1823-41; took prominent part in controversies both in the press and on the platform, 1'SO; D.D., 1834; titular bishop of Apollonia, 1840, and in charge of the Welsh district; bishop of Newport and Meuevia, I860.
^ Ulysses Maximilian von Brown or Browne (1705–1757), count, baron de Camus and Mountany ; Austrian general; of Irish extraction; entered the Austrian service early and rose rapidly; colonel of infantry, 1734; distinguished himself at the battle of Piacenza and the operations round Genoa, and advanced as far as Toulon, 1743-8; field-marshal, 1753; accepted second command in Bohemia, and died of wounds received before Prague.
^ William Brown (d. 1814), rear-admiral ; lieutenant R.N., 1788; commander, 1792; captain, 1793; commanded the Ajax in the action off Cape Finisterre, 22 July 1805, and was partly to blame for its indecisive character; commissioner of dockyards; rear-admiral, 1812; appointed to the Jamaica station, 1813.
^ William Brown (1766–1835), historical writer; D.D. Aberdeen, 1816; minister of Eskdalemuir, Dumfries, 1792-1835; wrote Antiquities of the Jews 1826.
^ William Brown (1777-1857), admiral in the Argentina service; born in Ireland; taken to America as a boy; went to sea, and was pressed into the English navy, 1796; captain of a merchantman; settled at Buenos Ayres, 1812; accepted naval command, 1814, and defeated two Spanish squadrons; privateer against the Spaniards; defeated a Brazilian fleet in the La Plata, 1826 and 1827, but was then overpowered by superior force; blockaded Monte Video, 1842-5.
^ Sir William Brown (1784–1864), benefactor to Liverpool; engaged in the~linen-trade at Baltimore, and opened a branch office in Liverpool, 1809; afterwards an Anglo- American banker; alderman of Liverpool, 1831; advocate of free tradeand the volunteer movement; M.P. for South Lancashire, 1846-59; erected free public library and Derby museum at Liverpool, 1860; created baronet, 1863.
^ William Laurence Brown (1755–1830), theological writer; educated at St. Andrews and Utrecht; minister of the English church, Utrecht, 1778, and professor; of philosophy and church history there, 1788; D.D. St. Andrews, 1784; professor of divinity, Aberdeen; principal of Aberdeen University, 1796; wrote theological treatises.
^ Thomas Robson Brownbill (1822?–1864). See Robson.
^ Alexander Browne (fl. 1660), miniature painter, engraver, and printseller; published Ars Pictoria 1675.
^ Sir Anthony Browne (d. 1548), politician; knighted, 1523; esquire of the body to Henry VIII, 1524; ambassador to Franco, 1528 and 1533; master of the horse, 1539; K.G., 1540; justice in eyre, 1545; named guardian to Prince Edward and Princess Elizabeth. He received Battle Abbey, 1538, and other large grants of church lands and manors, and was a great builder. Cowdray, Sussex, and other large estates, he inherited from his half-brother, the Earl of Southampton, 1543.
^ Anthony Browne (1510?–1567), judge; reader of the Middle Temple, 1553; active in prosecution of puritans in Essex, 1554; serjeant-at-law, 1555; chiefjustice of the common pleas, 1558; reduced to the place of puisne justice, 1559, for refusing to cede his official patronage to Queen Elizabeth; knighted, 1666.
^ Anthony Browne, first Viscount Montague (1526-1592), eldest son of Sir Anthony Browne (d. 1548); a staunch Roman catholic, but of unquestioned loyalty both to Edward VI and to Elizabeth, though stoutly opposing in parliament the acts of supremacy and allegiance, 1559 and 1562; knighted, 1547; imprisoned for recusancy, 1551; entertained Edward VI at Cowdray, Sussex, 1562; created Viscount Montague, 1654, made master of the horse, and sent on an embassy to the pope; lieutenant-general at St. Quentin, 1557; ambassador to Spain, 1561; on the commission which tried Mary Queen of Scots, 1587; entertained Elizabeth at Cowdray, 1591.
^ Arthur Browne (1756?–1805), Irish lawyer; born in New England; of Irish parentage; educated at Harvard and Trinity College, Dublin, where he was elected junior fellow, 1777; LL.D., 1784; senior fellow, 1795-1805; became regius professor of law in Dublin, 1785; several times professor of Greek; practised at the Irish bar; last prime serjeant 1802; M.P. for Dublin University in the Irish parliament, 1783-1800; advocated the union; wrote on legal and miscellaneous subjects.
^ David Browne (fl. 1638), writer on penmanship; published at St. Andrews The New Invention, intituled Calligraphia 1622.
^ Edward Browne (1644–1708), physician and traveller; eldest son of Sir Thomas Browne (1605-1682); educated at Norwich grammar school and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.B., 1663; attended lectures in London; travelled in Italy, Holland, Austria, Hungary, North Greece, and the Low Countries, 1668-73; settled as a practitioner in London, 1675; president, Royal College of Physicians, 1704. His collected travels appeared in 1685.
^ Edward Browne (d. 1730), quaker; native of Cork, and subsequently a wealthy merchant in Sunderland.
^ Edward Harold Browne (1811–1891), bishop of Ely and of Winchester; educated at Eton and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; M.A., 1836; D.D., 1864; fellow, 1837-40; accepted charge of Holy Trinity, Stroud, 1840; vice-principal of St. David's College, Lampeter, 1843-9; prebendary of Exeter, 1849; vicar of Heavitree, Exeter, and canon of Exeter, 1857; bishop of Ely, 1864-73, and of Winchester, 1873-90; published religious writings.
^ Felicia Dorothea Browne (1793–1835). See Hemans.
^ George Browne (d. 1556), archbishop of Dublin; the chief instrument of Henry VIII in the Irish reformation; provincial of the Austin Friars, 1534; archbishop of Dublin, 1536; spoke in the Irish parliament in favour of Henry VIII's ecclesiastical supremacy, and obtained for the king a grant of the first-fruits of the Irish abbeys; travelled widely, publishing the royal injunctions and collecting first-fruits; hated by the clergy and by most of the Irish council; in disfavour; took a leading part in introducing the first English prayer-book in Ireland, 1550; made by patent primate of Ireland; at Mary's accession deprived of the primacy and deposed from his archbishopric as being a married man; D J).
^ George, Count de Browne (1698–1792), soldier of fortune; educated at Limerick; took service with the elector palatine; transferred himself to the Russian service, 1730; taken prisoner and enslaved by the Turks; served in Finland and against the Swedes; contributed materially to the victories of Kollin, 1757, and Zorndorf, 1758; field-marshal; governor of Livonia.
^ Hablot Knight Browne (1815–1882), watercolour painter and book-illustrator; known as Phiz.; apprenticed to an engraver, and subsequently opened a studio; illustrated Charles Dickens's Sunday as it is by Timothy Sparks. 1 13, and the Pickwick Papers taking the pseudonym Phi-? to match the author's pseudonym Boz; fond of horses, hunting, and water-colour painting; a prolific illustrator, especially of novels by Dickens, Lever, and Ainsworth.
^ Henry Browne (1804–1875), classical and biblical scholar; M.A. Cambridge, 1830; principal of Chichester Theological College, 1842-7; rector of Pevensey, Sussex, 1884-75; published classical text-books and treatises on biblical chronology.
^ Isaac Hawkins Browne, the elder (1705–1760), wit and poet: educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; barrister of Lincoln's Inn; M.P. for Wenlock, 1744-54; his conversational powers praised by Samuel Johnson; wrote poems, some of which are distinguished by their sprightly humour.
^ Isaac Hawkins Browne , the younger (1745–1818), essayist; son of Isaac Hawkins Browne the elder S; educated at Westminster and Hertford College, xford; D.O.L., 1773; M.P. for Bridgnorth, 1784-1812; published essays on moral and religious subjects,
^ Browne or Brown (1616–1685), theologian; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1638; chaplain in the army of the parliament; his Antichrist in Spirit answered by George Fox.
^ James Browne (1793–1841), journalist and historian; educated at St. Andrews University; minister of the church of Scotland; Scottish advocate; finally settled in Edinburgh as a journalist; LL.D. St. Andrews. His works include a History of the Highlands 1835.
^ John Browne (1642–1700?), surgeon; served as naval surgeon; surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, 1683-91, and to Charles II and William III; author of anatomical and surgical treatises.
^ John Browne (1741–1801), engraver of landscapes; pupil of John Tinney and William Woollett.
^ John Browne (1823–1886), nonconformist historian; B.A. London. 1843; uiiif ler at Lowestoft, 1844-6, and Wrentharn, Suffolk, 1H48-8C; published History of Congregationalism 1H77, and other works.
^ John Browne (d. 1706). physician; libelled Queen Anne's administration, 1706; wrote and lectured against Harvey's theory of the circulation of the blood.
^ Joseph Browne (1700-1767), provost of Queen's College. Oxford, 1756; rector of Bramshot, Hampshire, and professor of natural philosophy at Oxford, 1746-67.
^ Lancelot Browne (d. 1605), physician; educated at Cambridge; M.D., 1576; F.R.C.P., 1584; physician to Queen Elizabeth and James I.
^ Lyde Browne , the elder (d. 1787), virtuoso; director of the Bank of England; possessed a famous cabinet of Greek and Roman art treasures at Wimbledon.
^ Lyde Browne, the younger (d. 1803), lieutenant-colonel; entered the army, 1777; lieutenant-colonel, 1800; shot by Emmet's mob in Dublin.
^ Moses Browne 1 1704–1787), chief poetical contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine; pen-cutter; and subsequently vicar of Olney. 1753; wrote poems, including Piscatory Eclogues 1729, and sermons.
^ Patrick Browne (1720?–1790), naturalist; visited Antigua, 1737; studied science in Paris, and at Leyden; M.D., 1743; settled in Jamaica; published Civil and Natural History of Jamaica 1756, and other zoological works.
^ Peter Browne (d. 1735), divine; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1692; provost, 1699; bishop of Cork and Ross, 1710; published theological tractates.
^ Sir Richard Browne (d. 1669), parliamentary general and a leader of the presbyterian party; officer of the London trained bands; sent to disarm the Kentish royalists, 1642; present at the siege of Winchester; suppressed Kentish rising, 1643: fought at Alresford, 1644; major-general with task of reducing the Oxford district, 1644; present at the surrender of Oxford, 1646; a commissioner to receive Charles from the Scots, 1647; present at the seizure of Charles at Holmby, and afterwards favourable to the king; M.P. for Wycombe, but expelled by the influence of the army, 1648, and imprisoned for five years; excluded from parliament for refusing the engagement 1656; M.P. for London in Richard Cromwell's parliament; privy to Sir George Booth's rising, 1659; intrigued for the recall of Charles II; knighted; lord mayor of London, 1660, and made a baronet for suppressing Vernier's rising.
^ Sir Richard Browne (1605–1683), diplomatist; educated at Merton College, Oxford; travelled in France; clerk of the council, 1641-72; resident at the French court for Charles I and Charles II, 1641-60; provided in Paris a chapel for Anglican services, a home for Anglican divines, and a cemetery for protestauts; created baronet, 1649; returned to England, 1660.
^ Richard Browne or Brown (d. 1674–1694), physician: educated at Queen's College, Oxford; M.D. Leydeii, 1675; published medical treatises.
^ Robert Browne (1550?–1633?), separatist; regarded as the founder of Congregationalism; was connected with several families of influence, particularly with Cecil, Lord Burghley; B.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1572, that college being then notoriously puritan in sympathies; probably ordained about 1573; taught school in London, and preached at Islington without episcopal licence; preached constantly in villages near Cambridge, and in Cambridge itself, c. 1578, denouncing the parochial system and ordination, whether by bishops or by presbytery; destroyed a licence to preach which his brother had obtained for him from the bishop of Ely, and j was then inhibited: went to Norwich r. 1580, and, with i Robert Harrison, ejected a congregation, which they j called the church but which was popularly known as ithe Brpwniste imprisoned by the bishop of Norwich I for seditious preaching at Bury St. Edmunds, 1581, but I set free by Burgbley, who also delivered him from the i primate; emigrated to Middleburg with his followers, 1581, whence he issued books, the circulation of which in England was punished by death; quarrelled with Harrison, 1583, and was followed by four families to Scotland, where he was atrain imprisoned; imprisoned on his return to England, 1594; began preac.hin.tr at Northampton, 1586; excommunicated by the bishop of Peterborough for ignoring a citation; submitted to the bishop, and became master of Stamford grammar school, 1586; rector of Achurch, Northamptonshire, 1591-1631; lived in Northampton gaol, to which he had been sent for an assault committed in a characteristic outbreak of temper.
^ Samuel Browne (1575?–1632), divine; M.A. All Souls, Oxford, 1605; minister of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury; published tracts.
^ Samuel Browne (d. 1668), judge; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1623; M.P. for Clifton, Devonshire, 1640; an active member of the Commons committee for the impeachment of Laud, 1644; one of the commissioners to treat with Charles in the Isle of Wight, 1648; serjeant-at-law, 1648; justice of the common pleas and knighted, 1660.
^ Simon Browne (1680–1732), congregationalist ; pastor at Portsmouth, and (1716-23) in the Old Jewry, London; published hymns and sermons.
^ Theophilus Browne (1763–1836), Unitarian; I fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1785; vicar of Oherry i Hiuton, Cambridgeshire, 1793, but resigned on adopting unitarianism; Unitarian minister at Warminstcr, 1800, Norwich, 1809, Congleton, 1812, and Gloucester, 1816-23; published theological treatises.
^ Thomas Browne (c. 1535-1585), head-master of Westminster School, 1564-70; educated at Ktn,-ui.l Kind's, Cumt.iriilt.a-; H.D., 1 !;.; n-c-tor.itDuntou-Waylett, i Li-.inard, Foster Lam-, London, 1567, and of Chelsea, 1571; author of occasional poems,
^ Thomas Browne or Brown (1604?–1673), divine; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1620; B.D.; domestic chaplain to Archbishop Laud, 1637; canon of Windsor, 1639; rector of St. Mary Aldermary, London, and of Oddington, Oxfordshire; took refuge in Holland; recovered his benefices, 1660; published sermons.
^ Sir Thomas Browne (1605–1682), physician and author; educate! at Winchester and Broadgate Hall, niord; M.A., Hii"J: praottfled medicine in Oxford-hire; -tudiil imiliciiif at Montpelller aiulPoilna; M.D. Leydcn, lt;;W; Incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1637; sett. It il in ,-h, h;:7, and practised physic; expressed I lis belief in witchcraft at a trial of witches at Bury St. Edmunds, knighted in 1671, on occasion of a royal visit to Norwich. Hia Ut-ligio Medici appeared without his sanction in I'M-, but was reissued with his approval in 1643, and ua-- afterwards published on the continent in Latin, , French, and German translations.Pseudodoxia (Epidemics: Enquiries into Vulgar Errors appeared in 1046, and Hydriotaphia: Urn Burial and a mystical treatise entitled The Garden of Cyrus in 1658. Communications from him are to be found in the works of John Kvelyn, William Dugdale, Christopher Merrett, John Ray, and Anthony a Wood. The best edition of his collected works is by Simon Wilkin, 1836.
^ Thomas Browne (1672–1710), physician; son of Edward Browne (1644-1708); of Trinity College, Cambridge; MJ)., 1700; fellow of the College of Physicians, 1707.
^ Thomas Browne (1708?-1780), herald and landsurveyor; called 'Sense Browne' to distinguish him from Lancelot Brown; Garter king-of-anns, 1774.
^ Sir Thomas Gore Browne (1807–1887), colonel and colonial governor; ensign 28th foot, 1824; captain, 1829; major, 1834; served in first Afghan war; O.B., 1843; lieutenant-colonel, 1845; governor of St. Helena, 1851, New Zealand, 1855, and Tasmania, 1862-8; K.C.M.G., 1869; temporarily governor of Bermuda, 1870-1.
^ William Browne (1591–1643?), poet; educated at Tavistock and Exeter College, Oxford; entered the Inner Temple, 1611; published Britannia's Pastorals book i., 1613, book ii., 1616, but book iii. remained in manuscript till 1862; contributed eclogues to The Shepheards Pipe 1614; superintended the Inner Temple masque on the story of Ulysses and Circe, 1615; returned to Oxford as tutor to the Hon. Robert Dormer, 1624, and then graduated M.A.; in the retinue of the Earl of Pembroke at Wilton. His poetry, which closely resembles Spenser, greatly influenced Milton, Keats, and Mrs. Browning. Works collected by W. Carew Hazlitt, 1868.
^ William Browne (1628–1678), botanist; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; B.D., 1666.
^ Sir William Browne (1692–1774), physician; M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1714; M.D., 1721; practised medicine at Lynn, 1716-49; knighted, 1748; removed to London, 1749; president of the College of Physicians, 1765; founded the Browne medals at Cambridge; published verses and orations.
^ William Browne (1748–1825), gem and seal engraver; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1770-1823; chiefly employed by the courts of Russia and France.
^ William George Browne (1768–1813), oriental traveller; B.A. Oxford, 1789; went to Egypt in 1792, a?jd to Darfur, 1793-6; returned to England, 1798, by way of Syria and Constantinople; published narrative of his travels, 1800; travelled in Turkey and the Levant, 1800-2; set out for Tartary, 1812, travelling through Asia Minor and Armenia, but was murdered near Tabriz in Persia, 1813.
^ Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861), poetess; the name of Barrett adopted by her father, originally nnmed Moultou on succeeding to an estate; road Homer in Greek and wrote vr-r-c- at the aie ofeitrht; her -pine injured by a fall at the;ILT; titu-en. in consequence of which lor many years she was compelled to lie on her back; published her Essay on Mind 1826, and in 1H33,Prometheus Bound her rir-t volume of poems; con-tantly wrote prose and verse from this time onwards; met Hubert InmniiiL IhliS; married him, 1846, and went with him through France to Florence, where they mainly resided till her death. She took a keen interest in Italy and the Italian struggle for freedom.
^ John Browning (. 1684), divine; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; H.D., 1577; censured for heretical preaching, 1572; D.I). Oxford, 1580, and incorporated D.D. at Cambridge, 1581; an vice-master of Trinity, tried to eject the master for marrying, 1584, but was by him expelled from his fellowship.
^ John Browning (ft. 1634), divine and author.
^ Robert Browning (1812–1889), poet; son of Robert Browning, a clerk in the Bank of England; educated at a school at Peckham, and by a private tutor; studied Greek at University College, London, 1829-30; displayed in early years some power of musical composition and wrote settings for a number of sough; published Pauline 1832; first visited Italy, 1834: produced (1855) Paracelsus which attracted the friendly notice of Carlyle, Leigh Hunt, Wordsworth, Dickens, and other men of letters; published a tragedy, Strafford which was played at Co vent Garden by Macready and Helen Faucit, 18:57; published Bordello 1840;Bells and Pomegranates (comprising Pippa Passes 1841,A Blot in theScutcheon performed at Drury Lane, 1843, by Phelps and Helen Faucit, Luria andA Soul's Tragedy 1846, and other pieces, eight in all), 1841-6; made acquaintance, 1845, of Elizabeth Barrett Moulton Barrett see BROWNING, ELIZABETH BARRETT, whom he married, 1846; lived at Pisa, 1846-; and at Florence, 1847-51, and returned to England, 1851; in Paris, 1851-2; lived in Italy, staying chietly at Florence, from 1852 till 1856; returned (1866) to Italy, living for the most part at Home and Florence, where Mrs. Browning died, 1861; in 1861 Browning settled in London, but frequently revisited Italy in later life; publishedDramatis Persons 1864; honorary M.A. Oxford, 1868; made acquaintance, 1868, of George Smith, who became his publisher and intimate friend; published, in four successive installments, 1868-9,The Ring and the Book the rewriting of which had occupied him since 1862; published Balaustion's Adventure andPrince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 1871. Fifine at the Fair 1872, Red Cotton Nightcap Country 1873, The Inn Album 1875, Pacchiarotto 1876; translation of Agamemnon 1877,La Saisiaz andTwo Poets of Oroisic(one volume), 1878, and Dramatic Idylls first series, 1879, and second series, 1880; honorary LL.D. Edinburgh, 1884; foreign correspondent to Royal Academy, 1886; died at Venice, 16 Dec. 1889; buried in Westminster Abbey; hia last volume of poems, Asolando appeared on the day of his death. Portraits of him by Field, Talfourd, Mr. G. F. Watts, R.A., and Mr. Rudolf Lehmann, are in the National Portrait Gallery. His poems were collected in two volumes, 1896; several volumes of his correspondence with Mrs. Browning have been published. Browning was at his best in psychological monologue; his poems everywhere attest unflinching optimism.
^ Richard Brownlow (1563–1638), chief prothonotary of court of common pleas, 1591-1638; entered the Inner Temple, 1583; left in manuscript law reports.
^ Ralph Brownrig (1592–1659), bishop of Exeter; educated at Ipswich and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1617; D.D., 1626; rector of Barley, Hertfordshire, 1621; master of St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge; deprived of the mastership, 1645; canon of Durham, 1641; bishop of Exeter, 1641; lived in retirement during the Commonwealth, ordaining privately; chaplain of the Inner and Middle Temples, 1658; a strict Calvinist; left sermons in manuscript.
^ Elizabeth Brownrigg (d. 1767), murderess; wife of a London house-painter; practised as midwife; barbarously murdered her apprentice; hanged at Tyburn.
^ Sir Robert Brownrigg (1769–1833), general; ensign, 1775; captain, 1784; served in the Netherlands, 1793; colonel, 1796; quartermaster-general, 1803; lieutenant-general, 1808; governor of Ceylon, 1811; took Kandy and annexed the kingdom, 1815; created baronet, 1816; general, 1819; returned to England, 1820.
^ William Brownrigg (1711–1800), chemist; studied medicine at London and at Leyden; M.D., 1737; practised at Whitehaven for many years; made valuable researches into the phenomena of fire-damp, mineral waters, and platina.
^ Charles Edward Brown-Séquard (1817–1894), physiologist; born in Mauritius; studied medicine at Paris; M.D., 1846: secretary of Societe de Biologic, 1848; subdued epidemic of cholera in Mauritius, 1854-5; professor at Virginia Medical College, Richmond, Virginia, 1855; engaged in scientific teaching in Paris, 18551857; established, 1858, and published till 1864, Journal de Physiologic; lectured in England on physiology and pathology; fellow of Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons at Glasgow, 1859; P.R.S. and F.R.C.P., 1860; professor of physiology and pathology of nervous system at Harvard, U.S.A., 1863-8; founded, with Vul plan and Charcot, 'Archives de Physiologic Paris; sole editor, 1889; professor of pathology at Paris, 1869-72, of physiology at Geneva, 1877, and of experimental medicine at College of France, 1878-94; honorary LL.D. of Cambridge, 1881; contributed to scientific publications.
^ John Brownswerd (1540?-1589), master of Macclesfteld grammar school; published Latin poems.
^ Noel Broxholme (1689?–1748), physician ; educated at Westminster; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1705; M.A., 1711; Radcliffe travelling fellow, 1715; M.D., 1723; F.R.O.P., 1725; practised in London.
^ Alexander Bruce , second Earl of Kincardine (d. 1681), resided in North Germany and Holland, 1657-60; succeeded his brother in title and estates at Culross, Fifeshire, 1663, where he managed his coal, salt, stone, and marble works; privy councillor in Scotland; extraordinary lord of session, 1667; continued to support Lauderdale till 1674; dismissed from the privy council for trying to protect the covenanters, 1676.
^ Alexander Balmain Bruce (1831–1899), Scottish divine; educated at Edinburgh University; minister at Oardross, 1859, and Broughty Ferry, 1868; Cunningham lecturer, 1874; professor of apologetics and New Testament exegesis at Free Church Hall, Glasgow, 1875-99; Gifford lecturer, Glasgow University, 1896-7; published sermons and other religious works, and assisted in compilation of hymn-books.
^ Archibald Bruce (1746–1816), Scottish divine ; educated at Glasgow; minister of the Anti-burgher congregation at Whitburn, Linlithgow, 1768; divinity professor to the Anti-burgher Associate church, 17861806; with three other clergymen formed a secession church; author of poems, chiefly satirical.
^ David Bruce (1324–1371), David II, king of Scotland; only son of Robert de Bruce VIII, by his second wife; born at Dunfermline, 5 March 1324; succeeded, 9 June 1329; was crowned, 24 Nov. 1331; his supporters, led by the regent Archibald Douglas, defeated at Halidon Hill, 1333, by Edward Baliol, who was actively assisted in his claim to the Scottish crown by Edward III; retired to Dumbarton, and thence to France, 1334; for seven years he wad royally entertained by the French king; returned to Scotland in May 1341, and took the administration of affairs into his own hands, 1312; invaded England at the request of Philip of France, and was taken prisoner at Neville's Cross, 17 Oct. 1346; remained in captivity for eleven years; set free by the treaty of Berwick, 1357, on the severe terms of paying a ransom of 100,000 merks in ten years; began to intrigue for the remission of the ransom on condition of bequeathing his crown to a son of Edward III, proposals to this effect being brought before the estates in 1363. David was married to Jounna, sister of Edward III, 12 July 1328; she accompanied him in his exiles, and died near London, 14 Aug. 1863. Next year he married Margaret Drummond, widow of Sir John Logie, and divorced her in 1369. He had no child.
^ David Bruce (fl. 1660), physician : M.A. St. Andrews; studied physic in France; M.D. Valence, 1657; incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1660; physician to the Duke of York; subsequently practised at Edinburgh.
^ Edward Bruce (d. 1318), king of Ireland; younger brother of Robert de Bruce VIII, king of Scotland; took part in the Ayrshire campaign, 1307; subdued Galloway, 1308; reduced Dundee, 1313; besieged Stirling Castle, and granted the governor a year's truce, June 1313; commanded the right wing at Bannockburn, 1314; recognised as heir presumptive, May 1315; accepted an invitation from the Ulster chieftains, took Carrickfergus, and was crowned king of Ireland, 1315; opposed by the clergy; being joined by his brother, pushed on to Limerick, but when left alone, fell back on Carrickfergus, 1317; killed in battle at Dundalk.
^ Edward Bruce, first Baron Bruce of Kinloss (1549?-1611), judge; judge of the commissary court, Edinburgh, before 1583; granted Kinloss Abbey, Ayrshire, in commendam, 1583; envoy to Queen Elizabeth, 1594; lord of session, 1597; envoy to Queen Elizabeth, 1598 and 1601; created Baron Bruce of Kinloss, 1603; accompanied James I to England, 1603, and was appointed master of the rolls.
^ Sir Frederick William Adolphus Bruce (1814-1867), diplomatist; youngest son of Thomas Bruce, seventh earl of Elgin; attached to Lord Ashburton's mission to Washington, 1842; colonial seretary at Hongkong, 1844; lieutenant-governor of Newfoundland, 1846; charge d'affaires to Bolivia, 1848, and to Uruguay, 1851; consul-general in Egypt, 1853; secretary to the embassy to China, 1857; envoy to China, 1858; K.C.B., 1862; envoy to Washington, 1865; died at Boston.
^ George Wyndham Hamilton Knight-Bruce (1852–1896), first bishop of Mashonaland ; educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford; M.A., 1881; D.D., 1886; curate of St. Andrew, Bethnal Green, 1884-6; bishop of Bloemfontein, 1886, and of Mashonaland, 18911894; vicar of Bovey Tracey, 1895-6; published personal memoirs.
^ Henry Austin Bruce , first Baron Aberdare (1815-1895), statesman; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1837; stipendiary magistrate for Merthyr Tydvil and Aberdare, 1847-52; liberal M.P. for Merthyr Tydvil, 1852-68; under-secretary of state for home department, 1862-4; privy councillor and vice-president of committee of council on education, 1864; M.P. for Renfrewshire, 1869; home secretary, 1869-73; conducted reform in licensing laws; lord president of council, 1873-4; created Baron Aberdare, 1873; F.R.S., 1876: president of Royal Geographical Society, 1881, and of Royal Historical Society, 1878-92; chairman of National African (afterwards Royal Niger) Company, 1882-95; first president of University College, Cardiff, 1883; first chancellor of university of Wales, 1894; G.O.B., 1885.
^ James Bruce (1660?–1730), Irish presbyterian : eldest son of Michael Bruce (1635-1693); minister of KiUeleagh, co. Down, 1684; fled to Scotland, 1689; returned to KiUeleagh, 1692; founded a presbyterian college there, 1697; joined the subscribers to the Westminster Confession, 1721, but was tolerant to the non-subscribers
^ James Bruce (1730–1794), African traveller ; educated at Harrow; engaged in the Portuguese wine trade, 1753; visited Spain and Portugal, 1754; studied Arabic and Ethiopic; studied antiquities in Italy, especially at Paestum; consul at Algiers, 1763, with a mission to study antiquities; made an archaeological tour in Barbary, 1765; shipwrecked near Crete; visited Palmyra and Baalbec; reached Egypt, 1768; sailed up the Nile to Assouan; crossed the desert to the Red Sea; landed at Masuah, the port of Abyssinia, September 1769; reached Gondar, the capital, February 1770; explored the sources of the Blue Nile; left Gondar, 1771; travelled to Sennaar in Nubia; reached Assouan, November 1772, and England, 1774; published his travels, 1790; died of a fall.
^ James Bruce (1765?–1806), essayist ; educated at St. Andrews and Cambridge: episcopalian clergyman in Scotland; tory journalist in London. 1803.
^ James Bruce (1808–1861), author; journalist at Aberdeen, at (Jupar-Fif.-, 1H45, and at Belfast, 1850 (?) till death; published Letters on the... Condition of the Highlands 1H47, biographies and travels,
^ James Bruce , eighth Earl of Elgin and twelfth Earl of Kincardine (1811–1863), diplomatist; second son of Thomas Bruce, seventh earl of Elgin; educated at Eton and Oxford; fellow of Merton, 1832; M.I Muithamptou, 1841; succeeded to the peerage, 1841; governor of Jamaica, 1842; governor-general of Canada, 1847-54, during a period of distress and unrest; envoy to China, 1K57; negotiated the treaty of Tientsin, t,,l.lupnii and concluded a treaty, 1868; postviieral, 1859; envoy to China, 1860-1, punishing tin- emperor's treachery by destroying the summer palace at Peking; viceroy of India, 1862.
^ Sir James Lewis Knight-Bruce (1791–1866), judge; known as J. L. Knight till September 1837; educated at Sherborne school; solicitor; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1817; practised in the equity courts; M.P. for Bishop's Castle, 1831; vice-chancellor and knighted, 1841; chief judge in bankruptcy, 1842; lord justice of appeal, 1851.
^ John Bruce (1745–1826), historian : educated at Edinburgh, where he was professor of logic: keeper of the state paper office; historiographer to the East India Company; M.P. for Michael, Cornwall, 1809-14; joint king's printer for Scotland; published philosophical and historical works.
^ John Bruce (1802–1869), antiquary; educated partly at Aberdeen; lawyer; devoted himself to historical research from 1840: edited the Calendars of Domestic State Papers for 1625-39; published numerous historical tracts.
^ John collingwood Bruce (1805–1892), antiquary; M.A. Glasgow, 1826; LL.D., 1853; proprietor of Percy Street academy, Newcastle, 1834-63; P.S.A., 1852: secretary and vice-president of Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1846; published antiquarian works.
^ Sir John Hope Bruce (1684?–1766), baronet of Kinross; reputed author of the ballad Hardyknute; governor of Bermuda, 1721; lieutenant-general, 1758; M.P. for Kinross-shire.
^ Michael Bruce (1635–1693), Irish presbyterian ; M.A. Edinburgh, 1654; minister of Killinchy, co. Down, 1657; continued to preach, in defiance of the bishop, 1660; outlawed, 1664; returned to Scotland, 1666; sentenced to transportation for field-preaching, July 1668; imprisoned in London; allowed to return to Killinchy, 1670; driven out by the rebellion, 1688; minister of Anwoth, Wigtonshire, 1689 till death.
^ Michael Bruce (1686–1735), Irish presbyterian : eldest son of James Bruce (1660 ?-1730); minister of Holywood, co. Down, 1711; held liberal opinions in theology; a leader of the non-subscribers (to the Westminster Confession), 1720.
^ Michael Bruce (1746–1767), poet ; son of a poor weaver in Kinross-shire; at one time a herd-boy; educated at Edinburgh University, 1762-5; taught school in Kinross-shire and Clackmannanshire, 1765-6; died of consumption; his poems published posthumously, 1770. TheOde to the Cuckoo 1 is variously attributed to him aud to John Logan.
^ Peter Henry Bruce (1692–1757), military engineer; born in Westphalia; of Scottish descent; educated in Scotland, 1698; studied fortification in Germany, 1704; entered the Prussian service, 1706; entered the Russian service and visited Constantinople, 1711; attended Peter the Great at court and in the field, 1711-24; settled in Scotland, 1724; superintended fortifications at the Bahamas, 1740-4, and in Scotland, 1745; published Memoirs
^ Robert de Bruce I (d. 1094?), founder of the family in England and Scotland. He came from Bruis, a castle near Cherbourg, with William the Conqueror, 1066, and received large grants of laud in Cleveland, Yorkshire,
^ Robert II de Bruce (1078?–1141), son of Robert de Bruce I; a companion of David I of Scotland at the court of Henry I; received the lordship of Aiituuihile, in Dumfriesshire, 1124; benefactor to the church in Yorkshire; forfeited Annandale by fighting on the English side, 1138.
^ Robert III de Bruce (Jl. 1138–1189?), second son ot Robert de Bruce II; received the lordship of Annandale, possibly in 1138; confirmed in it, 1166.
^ Robert Ive de Bruce , son of Robert de Bruce III ; died before 1191, possibly during his father's lifetime,
^ Robert V de Bruce V (d. 1245), son of William de Bruce (d. 1215), son and heir of Robert de Bruce III His marriage with Isabel, second daughter of David, earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of William the Lion, founded the claim of his descendants to the crown.
^ Robert VI de Bruce (1210–1295), called the Competitor from his claim to the crown ; son of Robert de Bruce V; recognised as heir-presumptive, 1238-41; married Isabel, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester, 1244; succeeded his father as Lord of Anuaudale, 1245; a justiciary in England, 1250; succeeded to his mother's English estates, 1251; one of the regents in Scotland, 1255; frequently a justiciary in England from 1257; sheriff of Cumberland and warden of Carlisle Castle; fought for Henry III in the baronsware; chief-justice of the king's bench, 1268; returned to Scotland, 1272; recognised the right of Princess Margaret to the crown, 1284; entered a league to assert his own claim, 1286; assented to the marriage of Princess Margaret with Edward, prince of Wales, and the union of Scotland and England, 1290; accepted arbitration of Edward I on his claim to the crown, 1291; prepared to resist an unfavourable decision, June 1292; prevented by his great age from further action, when Edward I decided in favour of John de Baliol, November 1292.
^ Robert VII de Bruce (1253–1304), son of the Competitor, Robert de Bruce VI; styled Earl of Carrick (jure uxoris), 1274 ?-92; afterwards styled LORD OF ANNANDALE; accompanied Edward, prince of Wales, on the crusade, 1269; married Marjory, countess of Oarrick, c. 1274; envoy of Alexander III, 1278; privy to his father's designs on the crown, 1286-92; absent in Norway, 1293; paid homage to Edward I for his English fiefs, became warden of Carlisle Castle, and joined Edward I in his war with John de Baliol, 1295; paid homage to Edward I, as king of Scotland, 24 Aug. 1296, and thenceforward lived in England.
^ Robert VIII de Bruce (1274–1329), king and liberator of Scotland; son of Robert de Bruce VII; Earl of Carrick on his mother's death, 1292; paid homage to Edward I, as king of Scotland, 24 Aug. 1296; refused, with other Scottish nobles, to accompany Edward I to Flanders, 1297, and ravaged the lands of Edward's adherents; was still in arms against Edward in 1298; coregent of Scotland, 1299; during Edward's invasion of Scotland, 1302-4, apparently favoured Edward, but was really in treaty with the patriotic party; murdered John Comyn, at Dumfries, 10 Feb. 1306; crowned king at Scone, 27 March; defeated at Methven, 19 June; wandered in the central and western highlands, and sought shelter on the island of Rachrine, on north coast of Antrim; excommunicated and outlawed; returned to Arran, and thence to Carrick; won the battle of Loudon Hill, 10 May 1307, but had to fall back for a time; harried the lands of his chief opponents, Buchan and Lome, 1308; recognised as king by the Scottish clergy, 1310; the Hebrides eded to him by the king of Norway, 1312; raided the north of England, 1312, 1313; defeated Edward II at Bannockburn, 24 June 1314; subdued the Hebrides, 1316: joined his brother, Edward Bruce (d. 1318), in a campaign in Ireland, 1317; took Berwick, 1318; initiated legislation for the defence and administration of the kingdom: conspiracy of Sir William Soulis against him detected, 1320; baffled an invasion by Edward II, and ravaged Yorkshire, 1322; recognised by the pope as king of Scotland, 1323; settled the succession, 1326; concluded peace with Edward III, April 1328; died of leprosy; his body buried at Dunfermline, his heart (which had been destined for Jerusalem) at Melrose. He married, first, Isabella, daughter of Donald, earl of Mar, and had by her a daughter, Marjory, through whom tl:- crovii ilr-ivnd.tl to the Stuarts; secondly, KluaU'th iU- Unroll, daughter of the Karl of Ulster, by whom he had a son, David Bruce, his successor.
^ Robert Bruce (d. 1602), political agent and spy; in service of James Beaton, archbishop of Glasgow, and of Mary Stuart; studied at Scottish College, Pont-à-Mousson, 1581-6; sent by Duke of Guise and Prince of Parma as envoy to James VI of Scotland, 1587, and tried, unsuccessfully, to win him to Roman catholic cause: imprisoned at Brussels on charge of misappropriating funds and betraying plans, 1599-1600; in Scotland, 1601; died in Paris; left unfinished a work against the Jesuits.
^ Robert Bruce (1564–1631), Scottish presbyterian; studied law at Paris and theology at St. Andrews; presbyterian minister in Edinburgh, 1587; moderator of the general assembly, 1588 and 1592; anointed Anne of Denmark at her coronation, 1590; resisted the attempt to introduce episcopacy into Scotland, 1596; ordered to leave Edinburgh, 1600; confined to Inverness, 1605-9, and again 1620-4; resided chiefly on his estate of Kinnaird, Stirlingshire, 1624 till death; published sermons in the Scottish dialect.
^ Robert Bruce (d. 1685), succeeded as second Earl of Elgin, 1663, and created Earl of Ailesbury, 1664; joint lord-lieutenant of Bedfordshire, 1660, and lord-lieutenant, 1667; privy councillor, 1678; lord chamberlain, 1685.
^ Thomas Bruce , third Earl of Elgin and second Earl of Ailesbury (1655?–1741), eldest surviving son of Robert Bruce (d. 1685), second earl; succeeded to the earldom, 1685; courtier of James II, 1688; imprisoned as a Jacobite, 1690, 1696; resided in Brussels, 1696-1741.
^ Thomas Bruce, seventh Earl of Elgin and eleventh Earl of Kincardine (1766-1841), succeeded in 1771; educated at Harrow and in Paris; entered the army, 1785; envoy to the emperor, 1790; to Brussels, 1792; to Berlin, 1795; and to the Porte, 1799-1803; detained in France, 1803-6; major-general, 1837. He employed artists to make drawings of sculptures, &c., at Athens, 1800-3, and arranged for the conveyance of the Parthenon frieze, &c., to England, 1803-12. He sold these Elgin marbles to the nation, 1816.
^ Sir William Bruce (d. 1710), architect, of Kinross; designed Holyrood House, 1671-9, and several mansions in Scotland; intrigued for the Restoration; clerk to the bills, 1660; created baronet, 1668; king's surveyor in Scotland, 1671: M.P. for Kinross-shire, 1681.
^ William Bruce (1702–1755), a publisher in Dublin; published pamphlets.
^ William Bruce (1757–1841), theologian; educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and Wnrriugton academy; presbyterian minister at Lisburn, 1779, in Dublin, 1782, and in Belfast, 1789-1831?; principal of Belfast academy, 1790-1822; D.D. Glasgow, 1786; a founder of the Unitarian Society, 1831; resident in Dublin, 1836; published exegetical works.
^ William Bruce (1790–1868), Irish presbyterian ; second son of William Bruce (1757-1841) q. T.I; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1809; presbyterian minister in Belfast, 1812-67; professor of classics and Hebrew, 18211826, and of Hebrew, 1825-49, in Belfast academy; inclined to unitarianism; a leader of the non-subscribers 1862; published controversial works.
^ John Bruckner (1726–1804), Lutheran divine; born in Zeelaud: educated at Franeker: Lutheran pastor at Leyden; pastor of the Walloon church at Norwich, 1753-1804, and of the Dutch church there, 1766-1804; taught French; committed suicide.
^ James Thomas Brudenell , seventh Earl of Cardigan (1797–1868), lieutenant-general; involved by his domineering temper in constant wrangles with his brother officers; M.P. for Marlborough, 1818-29; cornet, 1824; lieutenant-colonel by purchase, 1830; M.P. for North Northamptonshire, 1832; commanded the 16th hussars, 1832-3, and the llth hussars, 1836-47; succeeded to the earldom, 1837; major-general, 1847; commanded the light cavalry brigade in the Crimea, and destroyed it in the famous charge 1854; colonel of the the dragoon guards 1859, and of the llth hussars, 1860; lieutenant-general, 1861.
^ Robert Brudenell (1461–1531), judge; educated at (."am'iridifc; barrister before 1490; M.P., 1503; serjeant-at-law, 1501; justice of the king's bench, 1507; justice of the common pleas, 1509, and chief-justice, 1521-1531.
^ John Bruen (1660–1625), a typical puritan layman: sent to St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1577: married and l leeame a hunting squire, 1580; began to practise great strictness in religious observances, 1587; his house frequented by puritans; lived latterly in Chester.
^ Richard Bruerne (1519?-15C5), ecclesiastic; obnoxious to the reformers; fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1538, and of Eton. 1645; B.D., 1547; professor of Hebrew, Oxford, 1548-59; canon of Christ Church, 1553, and of Windsor, 1557; elected provost of Eton, 1561, but his election annulled.
^ Thomas Brugis (fl. 1640?), army surgeon during the civil war, afterwards in practice at Rickmans worth, Hertfordshire; published medical handbooks,
^ John Maurice, Count of Brühl (1736–1809), diplomatist and astronomer; born in Saxony; studied at Leipzig; employed in the Saxon diplomatic service at Paris, 1755, and Warsaw, 1759; ambassador to London, 1764-1809; published astronomical works.
^ George Bryan Brummell (1778–1840), generally called Beau Brummell; educated at Eton; cornet in the 10th hussars, 1794; captain, 1796; retired, 1798; friend of the prince regent, and leader of fashion in London; retired to Calais in debt, 1816; removed to Caen, 1830; died in the asylum there.
^ Thomas Brunaeus (d. 1380). See Thomas Brome.
^ John Jelliand Brundish (d. 1786), poetical writer; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; author of 'An Elegy on a Family Tomb 1783.
^ Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859), civil engineer; only son of Sir Marc I. Brunel; educated privately and in Paris; clerk to his father, 1823: resident engineer of the Thames tunnel, 1826; designed Clifton suspension bridge, 1831; engineer to the Great Western railway, 1833; applied the screw propeller to steamships, 1845; designed the Great Eastern steamship, 1852-8; designed numerous docks and bridges, both iron and masonry; an advocate of broad-gauge railways and of very large steamers; invented improvements in artillery.
^ Sir Marc Isambard Brunel (1769–1849), civil engineer; born in Normandy; educated for the church at Gisors and Rouen: served for six years in French navy; emigrated to America, 1793; practised as surveyor, architect, and civil engineer; planned the defences of New York; came to England, 1799, to patent his machinery for making shipsblocks; erected saw-mills with improved machinery, 1806-12; improved dockyard machinery at Chatham, 1812; experimented in steam navigation, 1812; imprisoned for debt, 1821; improved docks at Liverpool, 1823-6; engineer of Thames tunnel, 1825-1843; knighted, 1841.
^ Anthony Bruning (1716–1776), Jesuit, 1733; served in the English mission; professor at Liege; left in manuscript theological treatises.
^ George Bruning (1738–1802), Jesuit, 1756; served in the English mission; lived at East Hendred, Berkshire, and at Isleworth; published theological tracts.
^ Sir James Brunlees (1816–1892), civil engineer; engaged in gardening and farm work; studied at Edinburgh University; assistant to (Sir) John Hawkshaw on Lancashire and Yorkshire railway; prepared plans for several railways in Brazil from 1856, and assisted in Mersey railway: knighted, 1886; constructed Avonmouth dock, Bristol, 1868-77; M.I.C.E., 1852, and president, 1882-3: wrote on engineering subjects.
^ Robert de Brunne, or Mannyng (fl. 1288–1338). See Mannyng.
^ Benjamin Brunning (d. 1688), nonconformist; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1645; ejected, 1662; subsequently nonconformist minister at Ipswich; author of sermons.
^ Alexander Brunton (1772–1854), minister and professor of oriental languages in Edinburgh. His works include a biography of his wife, Mary Brunton, 1819, and a Persian Grammar (1822).
^ Elizabeth Brunton (1799–1860). See Yates.
^ George Brunton (1799–1836), Scottish lawyer and journalist; educated in Edinburgh; solicitor, 1831; wrote a collection of short biographies entitled An Historical Account of the Senators of the College of Justice from MI.XXXII
^ Louisa Brunton (1785?–1860). See Craven.
^ Mary Brunton (1778–1818), novelist ; born in Orkney; married Alexander Bruntou; settled iu Ivlmburgh, 1803; wrote novels.
^ William Brunton (1777–1851), engineer and inventor; working engineer, 1790; employed in Boulton and Watt's works. Soho, 1796-1818; had works of his own in Birmingham, 1815-25; a civil engineer in London, 1825-35; ruined by mining and brewery speculations in Wales; maker of the first marine steam engines.
^ William Brunyard (fl. 1350), reputed author of theological treatises; probably identical with John de Bromyarde
^ Anthony Bruodine (fl. 1672), Irish Franciscan ; lecturer in a convent at Prague; wrote theological and historical treatises.
^ Nicholas Brutton (1780–1843), lieutenantcolonel; ensign of foot, 1795; served in India, 1799-1805; exchanged into the hussars, and served in India, 1809-17; major, 1H21; in command of the llth hussars in England, 1830-7; retired to Bordeaux.
^ Bedo Brwynllys (fl. 1450–1480), Welsh poet.
^ Augustine Bryan (d. 1726), classical scholar; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1711; rector of Piddlehinton, Dorset, 1722; edited Plutarch's Lives(1723-9), completed after his death by Moses du Soul.
^ Sir Francis Bryan (d. 1550), courtier and diplomatist; captain of a ship-of-war, 1513; in high favour at Henry VIII's court, 1515; knighted for service in the field, 1522; employed in several missions to France, 1523-1525; sent to Rome to obtain the pope's sanction for Queen Catherine's divorce, 1528, and displayed great energy in forwarding the cause of his cousin, Anne Boleyn: cited Catherine to appear before Cranmer, 1533; turned against Anne Boleyn, 1636; married the widow of the Earl of Ormonde, and went to Ireland as lord marshal, 1548; appointed lord justice, 1549; published verses and translations.
^ John Bryan (d. 1545), logician ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; rector of ShellowBowells, Essex, 1523.
^ John Bryan (d. 1676), nonconformist: educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge; vicar of Holy Trinity, Coventry, 1644; ejected, 1662; continued to preach and to educate nonconformists; D.D.; founded presbyterian congregation in Coventry, 1672; published sermons and poems.
^ Margaret Bryan (g. 1815), proprietress of a girls' school at Blackheath; published treatises on astronomy and physics.
^ Matthew Bryan (d. 1699), Jacobite preacher; educated at Oxford; D.C.L. Oxford, 1685; incumbent of St. Mary's, Newingtpn, and lecturer of St. Michael's, Crooked Lane; nonjuror and minister of a Jacobite congregation in Fleet Street; published sermons.
^ Michael Bryan (1757–1821), connoisseur; resided in Flanders, 1782-90; agent for the purchase of important pictures, 1798-1804; publishedBiographical ... Dictionary of Painters and Engravers 1813-16.
^ Henry Bryant (1721–1799), botanist; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1749; rector of Colby.
^ Jacob Bryant (1715–1804), classical scholar ; educated at Eton, 1730-6; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; tutor to the Marquis of Blandford; secretary to the Duke of Marlborough, 175G; held lucrative office in the ordnance; resided for several years at Blenheim, ami published description of the Marlborough collection of antique gems, 1783; resided latterly at Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire; published treatises on ancient mythology and Homeric questions, in one of which he denied that such a city as Troy ever existed, and wrote on theological subjects.
^ Sir Alexander Bryce (d. 1832), military engineer; educated at Woolwich, 1782; commissioned in the artillery, 1787; transferred to the engineers, 1789; captain, 1794; served in America, Egypt (under Sir Ralph Abercromby), and Italy; major-general, 1825; inspector-general of fortifications, 1829.
^ David Bryce (1803–1876), architect in Edinburgh ; apprentice and partner to William Burn; in business as an architect, 1844-76; revived the Scottish Baronial style; architect of Fettes College,
^ James Bryce , the elder (1767–1857), divine; educated at Glasgow; minister of the Anti-burgher church, 1796; removed to Ireland; minister of the Anti-burgher church at Killaig, Londonderry, 1805-57; founder of the Associate Presbytery of Ireland.
^ James Bryce , the younger (1806–1877), geologist; third son of James Bryce the elder; educated at Glasgow; schoolmaster at Belfast, 1828, at Glasgow, 1846-74; published various mathematical treatises and papers on the geology of the north of Ireland and of Scotland.
^ John Brydall (b. 1635?), law-writer; of Queen's College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; secretary to the master of the rolls.
^ Edmund Brydges , second Baron Chandos (d. 1573), eldest surviving sou of Sir John Brydges, served in France; succeeded to the barony, 1556.
^ George Brydges , sixth Baron Chandos (d. 1655), succeeded to the barony, 1621; fought in the civil war.
^ Giles Brydges, third Baron Chandos (1547–1594), son of Edmund Brydges, baron Chandos, M.P. Gloucestershire, 1572; succeeded to the barony, 1573.
^ Grey Brydges, fifth Baron Chandos (1579?-1621), imprisoned in connection with the insurrection of the Earl of Essex, 1601; succeeded to the barony, 1602; a favourite courtier of James I, 1605; on service in the Low Countries, 1610; kept great state at Sudeley Castle; reputed author of Horse Subsecivae 1620.
^ Sir Harford Jones Brydges (1764–1847), diplomatist; originally in the East India Company's service; as Harford Jones, created baronet in 1807; envoy to Persia, 1807-11; took the name of Brydges, 1826; published travels and pamphlets.
^ James Brydges , first Duke of Chandos (1673–1744), M.P. for Hereford city, 1698-1714; paymaster of the forces abroad, 1707-12; succeeded as ninth Baron Chandos, and was created Earl of Carnarvon, 1714; created Duke of Chandos, 1719; lord lieutenant of Hereford and Radnor shires, 1721; chancellor of St. Andrews University; built the great house at Canons, near Kdgware; patron of Handel; satirised by Pope.
^ Sir John Brydges , first Baron Chandos (1490?1556); Roman catholic; knighted, 1513; servant and companion of Henry VIII, 1632; constable of Sudeley Castle, 1538; served in France, 1549; lieutenant of the Tower, 1553 to June 1554; suppressed Wyatt's rebellion, and was created Baron Chandos of Sudeley, 1554; ordered to superintend the execution of Bishop Hooper at Gloucester, 1555.
^ Sir Richard Brydges (d. 1558), son of Sir John Brydges. knighted, 1553.
^ Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges (1762–1837), bibliographer and genealogist; educated at Queens i College, Cambridge, 1780; barrister of the Middle Temple, 1787; urged his elder brother to claim the barony of Chandos, 1790-1803: issued bibliographical and genealogical works: resided at Lee Priory, near Canterbury, 1810-18, issuing from his private press reprints of rare English pieces; M.P. for Maidstone, 1812-18; created baronet, 1814: lived chiefly at Geneva after 1818. His bibliographical books are numerous and valuable: his poems and novels mediocre.
^ Sir Thomas Brydges (d. 1559), son of Sir John Brydges, lieutenant of Tower, 1554.
^ William Brydon (1811–1873), army surgeon; went to India, 1835; sole survivor of the retreat from Cabul, 1842; in the sieves of Jellalabad, 1842, and of Lucknow, 1857; settled in Scotland, 1869.
^ Patrick Brydone (1736–1818), traveller; travelled partly as a tutor, in Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, and Malta, 1765-71; lived latterly in Berwickshire; published travels and papers on electricity.
^ Thomas Brydson (1806–1855), poet : educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh: minister of Kilmalcolm, Renfrewshire, 1842-66.
^ Henry Bryer (d. 1799), engraver and printseller in London.
^ Edward Bryerwood (1565?-1613). See Brerewood.
^ Thomas Bryghtwell or Brythwell (d. 1390), fellow of Merton College, Oxford: a Wyclifflte; submitted to the church, 1382; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1386, and of Lincoln; chancellor of Oxford University, 1388; D.D.
^ Albertus Bryne (1621 P-1677?), composer: organist of St. Paul's, c. 1638, of Westminster Abbey, and of Dulwich College, 1671-7.
^ Thomas Brynknell (d. 1539?). See Brinknell.
^ Lodowick Bryskett, or Lewis (fl. 1571-1611), translator; of Italian origin; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1559; official in Ireland, 1571; accompanied Philip Sidney on his continental tour, 1572-5; held offices under government in Ireland, 1577-1600; friend of Edmund Spenser, 1582; Irish landowner, 1606; published translations and poems, contributing two elegies to Spenser's Astrophel 1586.
^ Alexander Bryson (1802–1869), medical writer; educated at Edinburgh and Glasgow; naval surgeon, 1827; director-general of the naval medical department, 1864.
^ James Bryson (1730?–1796), Irish presbyterian; minister at Lisburn, 1764, and at Belfast, 1773; an originator of the Orange Society, 1795; published sermons.
^ William Bryson (1730–1815), Irish presbyterian; minister of the non-subscribers at Antrim, 1764-1810; published sermons.
^ Sir George Buc or Buck (d. 1623), poet; went on the expedition to Cadiz, 1596; knighted, 1603; master of the revels and licenser of plays, 1608-22; author of poems and works on English history.
^ Dukes of Buccleuch . See Henry Scott, third Duke 1746–1812 ; SCOTT, WALTER FRANCIS, fifth DUKE, 1806-1884.
^ Martin Bucer or Butzer (1491–1551), protestant divine; entered Dominican monastery at Schlettgtodt, his native town, 1508; studied at Heidelberg, where he heard Luther dispute, April 1518; corresponded with Luther, and became a protestant; obtained papal dispensation from his monastic vow, 1521; became pastor at Landrituhl, in the Palatinate, 1522; travelled in order to propagate reformed doctrines; preached at Weissenburg, in Lower Alsace, 1522 or 1523, and was excommunicated; took refuge in Strassburg, 1523, where he became representative reformer; lived mainly at Strassburg till 1649; favoured the tenets of Zwingli in the great eucharistic controversy, 1525-30, and was consequently involved in controversy both with Luther and his followers and with Erasmus: consulted by Henry VIII about his divorce from Catherine of Arragon; laboured after Zwingli's death to find a common statement of belief which would unite the Lutherans, the reformed churches of South Germany, and the Swiss church, 1531-8; censured Servetus, 1531; approved of Calvin's views on church discipline, 1538; consulted by the promoters of the attempt to reconcile protestants and catholics, 1640-6, and by the archbishop of Cologne in the effort to protestantise his diocese, 1541-3; caused Strassburg to resist to the last the interim imposed by Charles V, 1548; but was forced to withdraw to England, April 1549; kindly received in London by Cranmer, Edward VI, and the Protector Somerset; was appointed regius professor of divinity at Cambridge, 1549, where his views excited much controversy; consulted as to the Book of Common Prayer, 1550; buried in the university church, 1551; his body exhumed by Queen Mary's commissioners, 1557; produced ninety-six separate treatises.
^ Earls of Buchan . See COMYN, ALEXANDER, second EARL, d. 1289; COMYN, JOHN*, third EARL, d. 1313 ?; STKWAKT, ALEXANDER, first EARL of the second creation, 1343 ?-1406 ?; STEWART, JOHN, first EARL of the third creation, 1381?-1424; ERSKI.VK, JAMES, sixth EARL of the fourth creation, d. 1640; ERSKINE, DAVID STEUART, eleventh EARL, 1742-1829.
^ Alexander Peter Buchan (1764–1824), physician; son of William Buchan; studied in London, Edinburgh, and Leyden (M.D., 1793); practised hi London; published medical tracts.
^ Andrew of Buchan (d. 1309?), bishop of Caithness, 1296; Cistercian; abbot of Cupar-Angus, 1272.
^ Elspeth Buchan or Simpson (1738–1791), foundress of the Buchanite ect (extinct 1848); wife of a potter; separated from him, 1781; persuaded Hugh White, Relief minister of Irvine, that she was inspired, 1783: on being expelled from Irvine, settled in Closeburn, Dumfries, 1784.
^ Peter Buchan (1790–1854), collector of Scottish ballads; by the help of his kinsman, the Earl of Buchan. set up a press in Peterhead, 1816, where he printed his own works and collections: published poems and historical tracts.
^ Thomas Buchan (d. 1720), Jacobite general; a highlander by birth; served abroad; commanded a footregiment in Scotland, 1682; employed against the covenanters, 1684; colonel, 1686; appointed major-general by James II in Ireland, 1689, and sent to command his forces in Scotland; surprised at Oromdale, 1690; retired to Lochaber; retired to France, 1692; Jacobite agent in Scotland, 1707.
^ William Buchan (1729–1805), author of the popular Domestic Medicine 1769; studied medicine at Edinburgh; practised in Yorkshire; settled in Edinburgh, 1766; removed to London, 1778; pubUshed medical tracts.
^ Andrew Buchanan (1690–1759), Virginia merchant in Glasgow; bought Drumpellier, Lanarkshire, 1735; lord provost of Glasgow, 1740; strenuously opposed the insurgents, 1745.
^ Sir Andrew Buchanan (1807–1882), diplomatist; entered the diplomatic service, 1825; was resident at nearly every court, first as attache, afterwards as minister; retired, 1878; created baronet, 1878.
^ Claudius Buchanan (1766–1815), Indian traveller; educated at Glasgow University, 1782; clerk in London, 1787; of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1791; chaplain in Bengal, 1797; vice-provost of college at Fort William, 1799-1807; D.D. Glasgow and Cambridge; made two tours in south and west of India, 1806-7; returned to England, 1808; advocate of missions; issued translations of the scriptures into various oriental languages.
^ David Buchanan (1595?–1652?), Scottish historian; resided in Paris, 1636; back in Scotland before 1644; published and left in manuscript treatises on Scottish history, biography, and topography.
^ David Buchanan, the elder (1745–1812), printer and publisher at Montrose; published miniature editions of English classics.
^ David Buchanan , the younger (1779–1848), journalist; in Edinburgh; son of David Buchanan the elder; editor of the Caledonian Mercury 1810-27, and of the Edinburgh Courant 1827-48; wrote on political economy and statistics.
^ Dugald Buchanan (1716–1768), Gaelic poet, tlic OSVJMT if the highlands: native of Balquhidder; catechist at Kinloch Hannoch, 1756.
^ Francis Hamilton Buchanan (1762–1829), writer on Indian subjects; M.D. Edinburgh, 1783; naval surgeon; Bengal surgeon, 1794; travelled in Burma, 17'X, in Mysore and Malabar, 1800, and in Nepal, 1802; compiled a statistical survey of Bengal, 1807-15; settled in Scotland, 1816; published travels.
^ George Buchanan (1506–1582), historian and scholar: studied at Paris, 1520-2; served at the siege of Werk, 1523; studied at St. Andrew's under John Major, lf.2l; 15. A., 1625; went to Paris, 1526; graduated M.A. in the Scots college, Paris, March 1528; taught grammar in the college of St. Barbe; tutor to Gilbert, earl of ;it Paris, 1529-34; returned to Scotland, 1536; tutor to a natural son of James V, 1536-8; urged by the king to satirise the morals of the clergy, and so provoked Cardinal Beaton; escaped from prison at St. Andrews, and fled to London, 1539; taught Latin at Bordeaux, 1540-3; taught in the college of Cardinal le Moiue at Paris, 1544-7; invited to teach in the college at Ooimbra, 1547, and imprisoned there by the inquisition, 1549-51; came to England, 1552; returned to Paris, and taught in the college of Boncourt, 1563; tutor to Timoleon de Cosse, cointe de Brissae (killed in action, 1569), 1554-9, in France and Italy; returned to Scotland and professed himself a protestant before 1563; lay member of the general assembly, 1663-8, and moderator, 1567; principal of St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews, 1566-70; assigned a pension out of the revenues of Crossraguel Abbey; lived in England, October 1568, to January 1569, as secretary of Regent Moray's commissioners, and vouched that the casket letters were in Queen Mary's handwriting; published, in Scottish dialect (1570), pamphlets attacking the Hamiltons on account of Moray's assassination, and ridiculing Maitland of Lethiugtou, the queen's advocate; resided at Stirling as tutor to James VI, 1570-8; keeper of the privy seal, 1570-8; publishedDetectio Marite Reginte a venomous attack on Queen Mary, 1571, in Latin and, 1572, in French and Scottish; wrote Latin poems. His De Jure Regni apud Scotos 1579, was long a textbook of the opponents of absolutism. His Rerum Scoticarum historia 1582, was the chief source from which foreigners derived their knowledge of Scotland.
^ George Buchanan (1790?–1852), cb thin I son of David Buchanan the elder; educated at Edinburgh; constructed harbours and bridges; an authority on salmon-fishery disputes; published scientific treatises.
^ Sir George Buchanan (1831–1895), physician ; B.A. London, 1851; studied medicine at University College; M.D. London, 1855; physician at London Fever Hospital, 1861-8, and, later, consulting physician; F.R.O.P., 1866, censor, 1892-4, and Lettsomian lecturer, 1867; F.R.S., 1882; permanent inspector in medical department of privy council, 1869; principal medical officer, 1879-92, of local government board; knighted, 1H)2; honorary LL.D. Edinburgh, 1893: fellow of University College, 1864; chairman of royal commission on tuberculosis. His reports have become classical works in sanitary literature.
^ James Buchanan (1 804-1 870), Free church leader; educated at Glasgow; minister of North Leith, 1828, and of St. Giles, Edinburgh, 1840: joined the Free church, 184:t; minister of Free St. Stephen's, Edinburgh; D.D. Princeton; LL.D. Glasgow; professor in the Free church college, 1845-68; published theological works,
^ John Lanne Buchanan (. 1780–1816), author; educated at Glasgow; assistant minister at Comrie; missioner in the Hebrides, 1780; subsequently resided in London; published works on the Hebrides and highlands.
^ Robert Buchanan (1813–1866), socialist; taught school; lecturer in Manchester before 1839; journalist iii Glasgow; published controversial writings.
^ Robert Buchanan (1785–1873), benefactor of Glasgow University; educated at Glasgow; minister of Peebles, 1813-24; assistant professor of logic in Glasgow, 1824, and professor, 1827-64; author of tragedies and poems.
^ Robert Buchanan (1802–1875), Free church leader; educated at Glasgow; minister of Gargunnock, 1826, of Salton, Haddingtonshire, 1829, and of the Tron church, Glasgow, 1833-43; took leading part in antipatronage agitation, 1K38, and joined the Free church, 1843; D.D. Glasgow, 1840; died at Rome; wrote on church history, also a narrative of travels in Palestine.
^ Robertson Buchanan (1770–1816), civil engineer of Glasgow; published treatises on machinery.
^ William Buchanan (1781–1863), Scottish advocate; son of David Buchanan the elder; educated at Edinburgh; advocate, 1806; solicitor of teinds, 1856; author of law reports, &c,
^ Adam Buck (1759–1833), portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1795; published Paintings on Greek Vases 1811.
^ Charles Buck (1771–1815), author of A Theological Dictionary 1802, and other pieces; congregational minister at Sheerness and in London.
^ Sir George Buck (d. 1623). See George Buc.
^ John William Buck (. 1821), of Lincoln's Inn, 1813; barrister; published law reports.
^ Samuel Buck (1696–1779), draughtsman and engraver; issued series of views of towns, ruined abbeys, and castles, etc., in England and Wales; worked in conjunction with his brother Nathaniel, 1727-53.
^ Zachariah Buck (1798–1879), composer; chorister at Norwich; organist of St. Peter Maucroft, 18181821, and of Norwich Cathedral, 1819-77; Mus.Doc. Lambeth, 1847.
^ Charles Bucke (1781–1846), dramatist and miscellaneous writer.
^ Robert Buckenham (ft. 1530), prior of the Black Friars, Cambridge; B.D., 1524; D.D., 1531; preached against Latimer at Cambridge, 1529; withdrew to Edinburgh, 1534; went to Louvain to take part in the proceedings against William Tyndale, 1535
^ John Buckeridge or Buckridge (1562?–1631), bishop of Rochester and Ely; educated at Merchant Taylors School; fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, 1578; B.A., 1583; D.D., 1597; tutor to William Laud; prebendary of Rochester, 1687; chaplain to Archbishop Whitgift, 1596; rector of North Fambridge, Essex, 1696-9, and of North Kilworth, Leicestershire, 1599-1608; vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate, 1604; president of St John's, Oxford, 1605-11; preached at Hampton Court, 1606; canon of Windsor, 1606: bishop of Rochester, 1611; voted in favour of the Earl of Essex's divorce, 1613; defended Dr. Richard Montague, 1626; bishop of Ely, 1628; edited Bishop Andrewes's sermons, 1629; published sermons.
^ Buckhurst first Baron (1536–1608). See Thomas Sackville.
^ Dukes of Buckingham . See STAFFORD, HUMPhrey, first DUKE, 1402–1460 ; STAFFORD, HENRY, second Duke 1454?–1483 ; STAFFORD, EDWARD, third DUKE, 1478-1521; VILLIERS, GEORGE, first DUKE of the second creation, 1592-1628; VILLIERS, GEORGE, second DUKE, 1628-1687.
^ Buckingham first MARQUIS OF (1753–1813). See George Nugent-Temple-Grenville.
^ Earl of Buckingham . See Thomas of Woodstock.
^ Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos. See Richard Temple Nugent Brydges Chandos Grenville, first Duke 1776–1839 ; GRKNVILLK, RICHARD PLAN Temple Nugk Tagenet .VT BHYDGES (JHANDO8, Second Duke 1797–1861 ; GRKNVILLE, RICHARD PLANTAGENKT Temple Nugent Brydges Ohandos Gamprell , third
^ James Silk Buckingham (178G-1856), author and traveller; at sea for several years from 17it;; journalist at Calcutta, 1818; expelled from India for attacks on the government, 1823; travelled in Syria and Palestine, 1H23; journalist in Loudou, 1824-30; M.P. for Sheffield, 1832-7; lied lu America, 1837-40, aui on the continent, iH7; re vived a pension, 1851; travelled as a lecturer; author of an autobiography, travels, utid temperance pamphlets.
^ Leicester Silk Buckingham (1825–1867), dramatist: youngest sou of James Silk Buckingham ; travelled with his father; a popular lecturer, 1864; his first pieces put on the stage, 1856; produced historical treatises, comedies, anil farces.
^ Osbern Buckingham (1393–1447?). See Bokenham.
^ Buckinghamshire first Duke of (1648–1721). See John Sheffield.
^ Earls of Buckinghamshire . See HOBART, John, first Earl, 1694?-1766 ; HOBART, JOHN, second Earl 1723–1793 ; HOBART, GEORGE, third EARL, 1732–1804; HOBART, ROBERT, fourth EARL, 1760-1815.
^ Francis Trevelyan Buckland (1826–1880), naturalist; son of William Buckland; educated at Winchester, 1839-44; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1848; studied surgery at St. George's Hospital, London, 1848-51; army surgeon in Loudou, 1854; contributor to the Field 1856-65: started Land and Water in 1866; inspector of salmon fisheries, 1867-80: published Curiosities of Natural History and kindred works.
^ Ralph Buckland (1564–1611), Roman catholic divine; educated at Merchant TaylorsSchool, 1571, and Magdalen College, Oxford, 1579; law-student in London; studied at Reims and Rome, 1586; ordained priest, 1588; sent on the English mission; banished, 1606; author of theological works.
^ William Buckland (1781–1856), geologist; educated at Winchester, 1798, and Corpus Christ), Oxford, 1801, fellow, 1808-25; made geological tour in the southwest of England, 1808-12; professor of mineralogy at Oxford, 1813, and reader in geology, 1819; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1825; dean of Westminster, 1845-56; president of the Geological Society, 1824 and 1840; upheld the Mosaic account of the flood; wrote geological pipers.
^ Sir Claude Henry Mason Buckle (1803–1894),ad_miral; entered Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, 1817; lieutenant, 1827; captain, 1815; flag-captain to Commodore Arthur Fanshawe on west coast of Africa, 1849-50; in Black Sea, 1854; C.B., 1865; superintendent Deptford dockyard, 1857-63; commauder-iu-chief at Queenstown, 1867-70; K.O.B., 1875; admiral, 1877. 1-1862), historian
^ Henry Thomas Buckle (1821 of civilisation; son of a wealthy London shipowner; received no school or college training; being left independent at his father's death, devoted himself to travelling on the continent, where he acquired the principal languages, 1840 and 1843; settled in London, 1842; bought and read thousands of books, making careful notes; had settled the plan of his History of Civilisation in England by 1853; published the first volume, 1857, the second, 1861; died at Damascus on an Eastern tour; inclined to freethought in religion. Miscellaneous works by him appeared posthumously.
^ Benjamin Buckler (1718–1780), antiquary; of Oriel College, Oxford, 1732; fellow of All Souls 1739; D.D., 1769; vicar of Cumnor, 1755; keeper of archives, Oxford, 1777-80; published Stemmata Chicheleana 1765.
^ John Buckler (1770–1851), topographical artist ; practised as architect in London till 1826; issued aquatint engravings of colleges, cathedrals, tc., 1797-1815; exhibited in water-colours at the Royal Academy, 17961849; F.S.A.,1810.
^ William Buckler (1814–1884), entomologist; exhibited water-colours at the Academy, 1836-56; a student of larva-.
^ Cecil William Buckley (1828–1872), naval officer, 1846-72; received the Victoria cross for services in the Black Sea, 1865; captain R.N., 180i.
^ John Buckley (d. 1598). See John Jones (martyr).
^ Mrs Olivia Buckley (1799–1847), organist; daughter of Sophia Dussek; married a Mr. Buckley; wrote pianoforte music and songs, and published (1843) Musical Truths
^ Robert Buckley or Sigebert (1517–1610), English Benedictine; professed at Westminster during the Marian revival, c. 1557; imprisoned as a recusant, 1560-1603, latterly at Framlingham; imprisoned in Loudon, 1605-10. He was the last of the old English Benedictine congregation, and surrendered his authority for perpetuating the succession to Thomas Preston, 1609.
^ Theodore William Alois Buckley (1825–1856), translator from the classics; servitor of Christ Church, Oxford, 1845; chaplain; M.A., 1853; became a literary hack; author of classical translations and miscellaneous works.
^ William Buckley (d. 1570?), mathematician ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1545; tutor to the royal henchmen, 1550; taught mathematics at King's, Cambridge, c. 1552; published an arithmetical tract.
^ William Buckley (1780–1856), colonist; enlisted, 1799; transported for a plot to shoot the Duke of Kent, 1802; escaped from Port Phillip, December 1803; lived with native tribes till July 1835; pardoned, and employed as interpreter; settled in Tasmania, 1837.
^ James Buckman (1816–1884), geologist; studied natural science in London; professor at Oirencester Agricultural College, 1848-63; farmed land in Dorset, 1863-84; wrote botanical, geological, and agricultural papers.
^ Thomas Buckmaster (. 1566), almanackmaker,
^ William Buckmaster (d. 1545), divine; fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1517; D.D., 1528; carried to court as vice-chancellor the university's reply to Henry VIII's questions concerning his divorce, 1530; signed the articles of religion, 1536: prebendary of St. Paul's, 1539.
^ Sir John Charles Bucknill (1817–1897), physician; educated at Rugby and University College, London; L.S.A., M.R.C.S., and M.B. London, 1840; M.D., 1852; first medical superintendent, Devon County Asylum, 1844-62: chancellor's medical visitor of lunatics, 1862-76; F.R.C.P., 1859; censor, 1879-80; Lumlcian lecturer, 1878: F.R.S., 1866; knighted, 1894; published 4 Manual of Psychological Medicine 1858, aud other works.
^ Joseph Buckshorn (fl. 1670), Dutch painter; employed by Sir Peter Lely to fill in his canvases, 1670; painted portraits in Lely's manner.
^ John Baldwin Buckstone (1802–1879), comedian; solicitor's clerk; went on the provincial stajre, c. 1820; performed at the Surrey Theatre, 1823; his first piece played, 1826; manager of the Haymarket, 1853-76; composed numerous farces.
^ George Budd (fl. 1756), painter ; London hosier ; painted portraits and landscapes.
^ George Budd (1808–1882), professor of medicine in King's College, London, 1840-63; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge, 1831; M.D., 1840; studied also in London aud Paris; physician to the hospital ship at Greenwich, 1837; practised in London, 1840-67; retired to Barnstaple; wrote medical tracts.
^ Henry Budd (1774–1853), theologian: son of Richard Budd; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1801; chaplain of Bridewell Hospital, London, 1801-:U: rector of White Roothiug, Essex, 1808-53; published tracts.
^ Richard Budd (1746–1821), physician : M.D. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1776; practised at Newbury, Berkshire; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 17801801, and an active official of the Royal College of Physicians,
^ William Budd (1811–1880), physician; studied medicine at London, Edinburgh, Paris; M.D. Edinburgh, 1838: practised at North Tawton, Devonshire, 1839, and in Bristol, 1842-73; made important researches into the conditions of zymotic diseases; published numerous medical papers.
^ John Budden (1566–1620), professor of civil law at Oxford, 1611-20; scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1583; M.A. Gloucester Hall, 1589; philosophy reader of Magdalen College, and D.C.L., 1602; principal of New Inn Hall, 1609-18, and of Broadgates Hall, 1618-20; wrote two Latin biographies, 1602 and 1607.
^ Adam Buddle (d. 1715), botanist; M.A. Cambridge, 1685; non-juror, 1689; possessed a fine collection of mosses and grasses; rector of North Fambridge, Essex, 1703; left an English flora in manuscript,
^ John Buddle (1773–1843), mining engineer ; taught liy I, N father, a practical miner; manager of Wallseud colliery, 1806; made experiments on ventilation in mines and introduced an improved method of coal-working.
^ Edward Budge (1800–1865), theological writer; B.A. Cambridge, 1824; vicar of Manaccan, Cornwall, 1839; rector of Bratton Clovelly, Devon, 1846-65; published sermons.
^ Eustace Budgell (1686–1737), miscellaneous writer; cousin of Addisou; educated at Trinity College, Oxford, 1705; barrister of the Inner Temple; contributed to the 4 Spectator; held official posts in Ireland, 1714-18; travelled; ruined by the South Sea scheme, 1721; loet his reason; wrote against Walpole, 1728: journalist, 1733-5; accused of embezzlement; drowned himself.
^ Samuel Budgett (1794–1851), a successful Bristol merchant.
^ Joseph Budworth , afterwards Palmer 1815).
^ William Budworth (d. 1745), schoolmaster; M.A. Cambridge, 1726; vicar of Brewood, Staffordshire, and master of the school there; declined the services of Samuel Johnson as usher, 1736.
^ Eleanor Bufton , afterwards Mrs. Arthur Swanborough (1840?–1893), actress; appeared at St. James's, 1854; with Charles Kean at the Princess's, 1856-7; last appeared (1872) at Drury Lane. Her parts include Regan (Lear), Hermia(Midsummer Night's Dream), Ferdinand (Tempest), and Hero (Much Ado).
^ Francis Bugg (1640–1724?), writer against Quakerism: wool-comber at Mildenhall, Suffolk, and, from boyhood, a quaker; suspected of informing against a quaker meeting, 1675; left the society after a long quarrel, 1680; issued virulent pamphlets against the quakers, 1682-1724.
^ Bugga or Bugge, Saint (rf. 751). See Eadburga.
^ Paul Buissiere or Buissière (d. 1739), anatomical writer: surgeon of Orange, France; Huguenot exile; settled in Copenhagen; naturalised in England, 1688; practised as surgeon in London.
^ George Buist (1805–1860), journalist and man of science; studied at St. Andrews and Edinburgh; licentiate of the church of Scotland, 1826; newspaper editor in Dundee, Perth, and Cupar-Fife, 1832-8; LL.D.; edited the Bombay Times 1839-59: inspector of the Bombay observatories, 1842-59; published scientific and other papers
^ Saint Buite (d. 521), born near Mellifout, Louth; visited Wales and Italy; returned through Germany and Scotland to Antrim, and thence to Louth, where he built Monasterboice, i.e. the Monastery of Buite.
^ Arthur Bulkeley or Bokeley (d. 1553), bishop of Bangor; doctor of canon law, Oxford, 1525; m-tor of Llanddeusant, Anglesey, and canon of St. Asaph, 1525; rector of St. James, Garlick Hythe. London, 1531; prebendary of Clynnoc Vechan, 1537; bishop of Bangor, 1541; resident in his diocese; involved in lawsuits.
^ Launcelot Bulkeley (1568?–1650), archbishop of Dublin: M.A. Oxford, 1593; beneficed in Wales, 1593ic-ti; archdeacon of Dublin, 1613-19; archbishop of Dublin, 1619; claimed the primacy unsuccessfully; imprisoned, 1647; his see sequestered by the Commonwealth, 1649.
^ Sir Richard Bulkeley (1533–1621), knight; constable of Beaumaris, 1561; M.P. for Anglesey, 1570-1614; knighted, 167; a favourite courtier of Queen Elizabeth.
^ Richard Bulkeley (d. 1650), royalist general; lost Anglesey, 1648.
^ Sir Richard Bulkeley (1644–1710), enthusiast; M.A., and fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1681; succeeded to baronetcy of Dunlavan, 1685; took up with the so-called prophets of the Cevennes c. 1708; published pamphlets.
^ Lady Sophia Bulkeley or (fl. 1688), a court beauty, 1668; married Henry Bulkeley, master of the household; lady of the bedchamber to James II's queen, and present at the birth of the Prince of Wales, 1688.
^ Charles Bulkley (1719–1797), baptist minister ; educated at Northampton academy, 1736; presbyter ian minister at Welford, Northamptonshire, and Colchester; joined the general baptists; minister of that denomination in London, 1743-97; published philosophical tracts and sermons.
^ Peter Bulkley (1583–1659), puritan divine; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1608; rector of Odell, Bedfordshire, 1620; ejected for contempt of church ceremonies, 1634?; emigrated to New England, 1635; founded Concord, 1636; pastor of Concord till death; published sermons.
^ Daniel Bull (fl. 1657–1681), nonconformist divine; intruded minister of Stoke Newington, 1657-60; ejected, 1662; afterwards presbyterian minister in London; published sermons.
^ George Bull (1634–1710), Anglican theologian; bishop of St. David's; left Exeter College, Oxford, 1649, to avoid taking the Engagement: educated privately; ordained secretly by Bishop Skinner, 1655; minister of St. George's, near Bristol; rector of Suddington St. Mary's, 1658-86; vicar of Suddington St. Peter's, Gloucestershire, 1662-86; published Harmonla Apostolica 1670; prebendary of Gloucester, 1678; published Defensio Fidei Nicaenae 1685; rector of Avening, Gloucestershire, 1685; D.D. Oxford, 1686; published Judicium Ecclesiae Catholicae 1694; bishop of St. David's, 1705; published theological works and sermons.
^ Henry Bull (d. 1575?), theologian; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; B.A., 1539; ejected from his fellowship by Queen Mary's commissioners, 1563; published theological works and (1577) translated Luther's Psalmi Graduum.
^ John Bull (1563?–1628), composer; Mus.Bac. Oxford, 1586; Mus.Doc., 1592; chorister of the Chapel Royal, c. 1572; organist of Hereford Cathedral, 1582; singing-man of the Chapel Royal, 1585, and organist, 1591-1613; professor of music at Gresham College, 1597-1607; travelled in France and Germany, 1601; conductor at the entertainment of James I and Prince Henry by the Merchant Taylors Company, 1607; musician to Prince Henry, 1611; left England, 1613; an organist of the Chapel Royal, Brussels, c. 1614; organist of Antwerp Cathedral, 1617-28.
^ John Bull (d. 1642), a London weaver; imprisoned for pretending to inspiration, 1636.
^ William Bull (1738–1814), congregationalist minister; studied at Daventry academy, 1759; pastor at Newport Pagnel, 1764, and conducted school on a large scale from 1783 onwards; friend of Rev. John Newton of Olney, and of the poet Cowper.
^ Thomas Bullaker, in religion John Baptist (1604?-1642), catholic martyr; educated at St. Omer and Valladolid, where he became a Franciscan; studied theology at Segovia; worked In the English mission; executed for celebrating mass.
^ Richard Bullein (d. 1563), physician.
^ William Bullein (,. 157ti), physician; rector of Hiuxhull. Suffolk, 1550-3: studk-d m.-dieim- abroad: ru.sidi.il in London from 15C1. Mi- Itonke of Simples (part of his Hul warke against Sickue* 1562) is one of the earliest English herbal. A Dialogue against the Fever Pestilence appeared 1564.
^ Sir Charles Bullen (1769–1853), naval officer; served in Mediterranean and, after 1801, on west coast of Africa; commanded the Britannia at Trafalgar, 1805; rear-admiral, 1837; K.C.B., 139; admiral, 1852.
^ George Bullen (1816–1894), keeper of printed books at British Museum; supernumerary assistant in department of printed books in British Museum, 1838; senior assistant, 1850; superintendent of reading room, 18U6; keeper of printed books, 1875-90; assisted in compiling printed catalogue; F.S.A., 1877; hou. LL.D. Glasgow, 1889; CJJ., 1890.
^ Charles Buller (1806–1848), liberal politician; taught by Thomas Carlyle, 1822-5; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 182; M.P. for West Looe, Cornwall, 1830-1; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1831; M.P. for Liskeard, 1832-48; secretary to the governor-general of Canada, 1838; judge-advocate-geueral, 1846; chief poor law commissioner, 1847; published pamphlets.
^ Sir Francis Buller (1746–1800), judge; special pleader, 1765; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1772; judge of the county palatine of Chester, 1777; justice of the king's bench, 1778; created baronet, 1790; justice of the common pleas, 1794-1800.
^ Sir George Buller (1802–1884), general; entered the army, 1820; colonel, 1841; commanded brigade, and afterwards division, in the Kaffir and Boer wars, 1847-8 and 1852-3; commanded brigade in the Crimea, 1854; wounded at Inkerman; K.C.B., 1855; lieutenant-general, 1862; general, 1871.
^ John Bullingham (d. 1598), bishop of Gloucester; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1550; a catholic; withdrew to Rouen; was restored to his fellowship, and graduated M.A., 1554; chaplain to Bishop Gardiner; rector of Boxwell, Gloucestershire, 1554; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1565; rector of St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street, 1566: D.D., 1568; prebendary of Lincoln, 1568; canon of Worcester, 1570; rector of Withingtou, Gloucestershire, of Burton-by-Lincoln, and of Brington, Huntingdon, 1671; bishop of Gloucester, 1581-98, holding also the see of Bristol iii commendam, 1581-9 scurrilously attacked by Martin Marprelate.
^ Nicholas Bullingham (1512?–1576), bishop of Lincoln and Worcester; fellow of All SoulsCollege Oxford, 1636; B.C.L., 1541; studied canon law; chaplain to Archbishop Craumer; prebendary of Lincoln 1647 rector of Thimbleby, Lincolnshire, 1552; deprived of his preferments, as being married, 1553; withdrew to Emden; restored to his prefermente, 1558; chaplain to Archbishop Parker; LL.D. Cambridge, 1559; bishop of Lincoln, 1560; purged King's College, Cambridge, of Romanism 1566; translated to Worcester, 1571.
^ Richard Bullingham (fl. 1360). See Billingham.
^ John Bulloch (1805–1882), author of 'Studies of the Text of Shakespeare 1878; worked at Aberdeen as mechanic.
^ Christopher Bullock (1690?-1724), comedian; son of William Bullock (1657?-1740?) first appeared in 1708 at Drury Lane; attached to the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, 1715-24; produced seven plays, some possibly written by other hands,
^ George Bullock (1521?–1580?), Roman catholic divine; fellow of St John's College, Cambridge: B.A., 1539; witness at Bishop Gardiner's trial, 1651; withdrew to Nevers in France; canon of Durham, 1564; B.D., 1654 master of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1554, and Lady Margaret professor of divinity, 1666; vicar of St. Sepulchre, London, 1656-6; rector of Much Munden, Hertfordshire, 1556; deprived of his preferments for recusancy, 1559; divinity lecturer at Antwerp, 1567; died at Antwerp; author of Economia Concordantiarum Scripturae sacrae 1567. I
^ Henry Bullock, latinised Bovillus (d. 1526) divine; B.A. Cambridge, 1504, and fellow of Queens' College, 1506; D.D., 1520; studied Greek and lectured on St. Matthew; friend of Erasmus; rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, 1522-6; published Latin orations and epistles.
^ William Bullock (1657?–1740?), comedian; first mentioned in 1696; attached to Lincoln's Inn Fields 1 Theatre, 1716 till death.
^ William Bullock (fl. 1827), antiquary and ; naturalist; Liverpool goldsmith; exhibited a museum of curiosities, 1808; exhibited his collections in London, I 1812-19; sold them, 1819; travelled in Mexico, 1822, and on his return exhibited his Mexican collections; travelled ! in the States and Mexico, 182G-7; perhaps settled in Cincinnati; published narrative of his travels.
^ William Thomas Bullock (1818–1879), theological writer; B.A. Oxford, 1847; assistant secretary, 1850, and secretary, 1865-79, of the Society for the Propagation of th Gospel; published biblical papers and sermons,
^ John Bullokar (fl. 1622), lexicographer ; physician at Chichester; published * An English Expositor 1616 (3rd edit. 1641), and a metrical life of Christ, 1618.
^ William Bullokar (fl. 1586), phonetist ; engaged in tuition, 1550; served in the army, 1557; again employed in teaching, 1573; advocated spelling reform in a pamphlet, 1575, and in a book, 158U; translated Esop's Fables 1585; issued an English grammar, 1586.
^ Agnes Bulmer (1775–1836), poetess; wrote Messiah's Kingdom 1833.
^ William Bulmer (1757–1830), printer; apprenticed at Newcastle-on-Tyne; friend of Thomas Bewick; printed under his own name in London, 1791-1819.
^ Edward Bulstrode (1588–1659), lawyer ; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1613; a justice of North Wales, 1649, and in Warwickshire, 1653; published law reports.
^ Sir Richard Bulstrode (1610–1711), diplomatist; second son of Edward Bulstrode; educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge; entered the Inner Temple, 1633; served in the king's army, 1642, ultimately becoming quartermaster-general; agent at Brussels, 1673: knighted, 1676; envoy at Brussels, 1676-88; followed James II to St. Germains; author of Life of James II
^ Whitelocke Bulstrode (1650–1724), essayist: second son of Sir Richard Bulstrode; entered the Inner Temple, 1664; commissioner of excise; bought Houuslow manor, Middlesex, 1705; published controversial tracts and essays.
^ Henry Bellenden Bulteel (1800–1866), theologian; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1823-9; M.A., 1824; curate in Oxford, 1826; preached in dissenting chaiels; left the Anglican church and built a chapel in. Oxford, 1831; adopted some of Edward Irving's ideas, 1832; published controversial tracts.
^ John Bulteel (fl. 1683), miscellaneous writer; issued pamphlets, romances, and translations between 1656 and 1683.
^ Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Baron Lytton. See Lytton.
^ John Bulwer (ft. 1654), physician; published Philocophus, or the Deafe and Dumbe Man's Friend 1648, advocating the instruction of deaf-mutes, partly by gestures, partly by reading the lips (an idea borrowed from the Spanish); published medical and rhetorical treatises.
^ Rosina Boyle Bulwer , Lady Lytton (1804-1882), novelist. See Lytton.
^ William Henry Lytton Earle Bulwer , Baron Dalling and Bulwer (1801–1872), diplomatist, better known as Sir Henry Bulwer; educated at Harrow and at Trinity and Downing colleges, Cambr published poems, 1822; in Om-w, acting for the revolutionary committee, 1824; army officer, 1825-9; attache at Berlin, 1827, Vienna, 1829, and the Hayue, 1H30; in during the revolution, 1830: M.P. for Wilton, 183U, for Coventry, 1831, and for Murylebone, 135; chaivc V~lr;IH; d'alTain-- nt I;I-U-"M-IS, 1835; secretary of embassy at Constantinople, 1H37; charge d'affaires at 1'uris, ln:9; iimbiKsa-lor at.Ma.lri.l, 1H43-8; K.O.B., 1848; ambassador I at Washington, 1849; concluded the Bolwer-Glajtop treaty: minister at Florence, 152; commissioner in the Daniibian principalities, 185G; ambassador at Constantinople, Ifvvs-iio; M.I for Tamworth, 1868; created Baron Dulling and Bulwer, 1871; published historical works.
^ William Maclardie Bunting (1805-1866), eldest son of Jabez Bunting; minister.
^ Sir Henry Edward Bunbury (1778–1860), seventh baronet (succeeded, 1820), of Mildenhall, Suffolk, soldier and historian: son of Henry William Bunbury fa. Y.I; fdiicat.-d at Westminster; served in the army, 17U5-lHm: distinguished himself at the battle of Maida, 1806; undersecretary of state for war, 1809-16; major- i urt-ni-ral and K.C.B., 1H15; conveyed to Napoleon sentence of deixjrtntion to St. Helena, 1815; M.P. for Suffolk, 1830; j a pioneer of the volunteer movement, 1859; author of j military narratives.
^ Henry William Bunbury (1750–1811), artist and caricaturist; educated at Westminster and St. Catharine -I Hall, Cambridge; travelled in France and Italy before 1771: chiefly drew in pencil and chalk, and had" his designs reproduced by engravers: executed numerous drawings, especially burlesque. vii. 267)
^ Richard Bundy (d. 1739), divine; B.A. Oxford 1713; chaplain in ordinary to George II; D.D. Lambeth; vicar of St. Bride's, Fleet Street, and prebendary of Westminster, 1732-3; published sermons and translations.
^ Thomas Bungay (fl. 1290), Franciscan; studied at Paris; divinity lecturer of his order in Oxford and Cambridge; provincial minister in England; vulgarly accounted a magician.
^ Alfred Bunn (1796?–1860), theatrical manager; nicknamed Poet Bunn; stage-manager of Drury Lane, 1823; manager of Birmingham Theatre, 1826; manager of Drury Lane and Covent Garden theatres, 1833-48; brought out English operas; published verses.
^ Margaret Agnes Bunn (1799–1883), actress ; nte Somerville; first appeared at Drury Lane, 1816, at Covent Garden, 1818; married Alfred Bunn, 1819; acted at Drury Lane, 1823; retired while still young.
^ James Bunstone Bunning (1802–1863), architect; entered his father's office, 1815; surveyor to several public bodies and companies, 1825 onwards; architect to the city of London, 1843-1863.
^ Edmund Bunny (1540–1619), theological writer; B.A. and fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1560; entered Gray's Inn, 1561; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1564; fellow of Merton, 1565: B.D., 1570; chaplain to Archbishop Grindal, 1570: sub-dean of York, 1570-9; prebendary of York, 1576; rector of Bolton Percy, Yorkshire, 1575-1600, prebendary of Carlisle, 1585; travelled over England, preaching; wrote doctrinal and devotional tracts.
^ Francis Bunny (1543–1617), theological writer; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1561-72; M.A., 1567; prebendary of Durham, 1572; archdeacon of Northumberland, 1573-8; rector of Ryton, Durham, 1578 till death; author of devotional tracts.
^ Frances Bunsen (1791–1876), nee Waddington : Welsh heiress; married at Rome, 1817, Baron Christian Bunsen (German ambassador, 1841-54); at Carlsruhe, 1855-76; published Memoir of Baron Buusen 1868.
^ Edward Bunting (1773–1843), musician; organist and music-teacher in Belfast, 1784; travelled in Ireland, collecting old Irish airs, 1792; published two series of these, 1796 and 1809; settled in Dublin, 1819; published a third collection, 1840.
^ Jabez Bunting (1779–1858), Wesleyan methodist ; studied medicine, c. 1793; admitted a Wesleyan minister, 1799; served at many centres; stationed at headquarters in London, 1833: president of the theological institute, 1835; organised the connexion, and completed its severance from the Anglican church; published sermons. at various centres, 1828-49; published sermons and hymns.
^ John Bunyan (1028–1688), author of 'Pilgrim's Progress; son of Thomas Bunyan (rf. 1676), tinsmith, of Klstow, near Bedford; learned reading and writing; was early set to his father's trade; lost his mother, June 1644; enlisted that year, in anger at his father's re- marriage, possibly in the parliamentary forces (stationed at Newport Pagnel, 1644-6); deeply moved by the death of a comrade, shot while serving in his place; profited by two devotional books belonging to his wife; gave up amusements and a bad habit of swearing: read the bible narratives; attended church services; overheard a religious conversation of certain poor women in Bedford, and in 1653 joined their society, which then met in St. John's Church, under Mr. Gifford (d. c. 1656), an ex-royalist officer; removed from Klstow to Bedford, 1655; chosen deacon in his church: began to preach; lost his wife, c. 1656, and was left with four young children, one of them blind; his first publicationsSome Gospel Truths opened 1656, andA Vindicationof it, 1657, both directed against the quakers; being set apart as a preacher, 1657, preached throughout the district, still working at his craft; indicted at the assizes in consequence of the opposition of the settled presbyterian clergy, 1658; married, c. 1659, his second wife. Elizabeth (d, 1691); arrested for preaching, 12 Nov. 1660, and imprisoned, the laws against unlicensed preaching being rigorously enforced; allowed out of prison, pending trial, to preach at his meeting-house; sentenced to a short term of imprisonment at the Bedford assizes, January 1661, but, refusing to discontinue public preaching, was kept in prison (with an interval of a few weeks in 1666) till the spring of 1672, when he was released by Charles II's Declaration of Indulgence; allowed much freedom in prison, making tagged laces for a living, preaching to the prisoners, and writing numerous pieces, prose and verse. He is supposed to have undergone a short imprisonment in 1675, and to have then written his Pilgrim's Progress published in 1678. Otherwise he was unmolested, and from 1672 till death preached in many places, especially in London, and wrote largely. He was buried in Bunhill Fields, London. His collected works were published in 1736.
^ James Burbage (d. 1597), actor; a joiner by trade; one of the Earl of Leicester's players, 1574; leased land in Finsbury Fields (1576), on which he erected, of wood, the first building in England specially intended for plays; acquired a house in Blackfriars, and converted it into Blackfriars Theatre 1596; lived in Holywell Street, Shoreditch, 1576-97. The first English playhouse is mentioned in an order of council, August 1577, and was known as The Theatre; the fabric was removed, c. December 1598, to the Bankside and set up as the Globe Theatre.
^ Richard Burbage (1567?–1619), actor; son of James Burbage, from whom he inherited a share in Blackfriars Theatre, and an interest in the Globe Theatre (burnt down 1613); acted as a boy at the theatre in Shoreditch; was an actor of repute by 1588; an actor of chief parts, 1595-1618, in plays by Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and Beaumont and Fletcher: excelled in tragedy; lived in Holywell Street, Shoreditch, 1603-19; known also as a painter in oil-colours.
^ Edward Burch (fl. 1771), artist; art-student, 1769; R.A., 1771; exhibited at the Academy, 1771-1808; miniature-painter; librarian of the Royal Academy, 1780.
^ Saint Burchard (rf. 754), first bishop of Würzburg; reputed of English origin; evangelised the district : of the Main; consecrated bishop of Würzburg, 741; resigned, 751 retired to a monastery at Homburg; canonised, 984; some manuscript sermons ascribed to him.
^ William John Burchell (1782?–1863), explorer and naturalist; botanist at St. Helena, 1805-10; studied Cape-Dutch at Cape Town, 1810; travelled extensively in South Africa, 1811-15, making scientific observations, and collecting natural history specimens: published account of his travels, 1822: at Lisbon, 1825; at Rio Janeiro, 1825-6; travelled in the Brazilian forests, 1826-9, collecting plants and insects; hon. D-O.L. Oxford, 1834. Botanical manuscripts by him are at Kew.
^ Josiah Burchett (1666? -1746), secretary of the admiralty: clerk to Samuel Pepys, 1680-7: secretary to AdBdnlBdwmrd Hu.wll. 164,and perhaps curlier; jo'intaeoretary, 1695, anil sole secretary, 1G9S-1742, of the admiralty: M.P. for Sandwich, 1703-13, 1721-41; publi.-hwi a iiaval history, 1720.
^ Richard Burchett (1815–1875), historical painter; student at the School of Design at Somerset Hou~e, 1HJ1; headed agitation against the management: assistant-master, and, 1851, head-master of the art school. South Kensington; exhibited at the Academy, 1847-73; published treatises on drawing.
^ John Lewis Burckhardt (1784–1817), traveller in the East; educated at Leipzig, 1800, and Gbttingen, 1804; came to England, 1806; studied Arabic at Cambridge and Malta, 1809: travelled, disguised as a Mohammedan trader of Hindustan, from the coast to Aleppo; resided at Aleppo two years, studying Arabic and Mohammedan law; made a tour to Palmyra, Damascos, Baalbek, 1810: journeyed through Palestine and Arabia to Egypt, 1812; travelled along the Nile above Assouan, 1813; journeyed through Abyssinia to Suakim, 1814: crossed to Jeddah: went, in the train of the viceroy of Egypt, to Mekka and Medina, 1815: journeyed to Suez and Sinai, 1816; died at Cairo; published travels.
^ George Burder (1752–1832), congregationalist theologian; engraver, 1778; took to preaching, 1776; pastor at Lancaster, 1778; travelling preacher in England and Wales; pastor at Coventry, 1784: pastor of the Fetter Lane, London, congregation, 1803-32; secretary of the London Missionary Society, 1803-27; a founder of the London Missionary Society, 1795, of the Religious Tract Society, 1799, and of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1804; edited devotional books.
^ Henry Forster Burder (1783–1864), congregationalist; eldest son of George Burder; a merchant's clerk; studied at Hoxton Academy and Glasgow University; M.A. Glasgow, 1807; professor of philosophy and mathematics, Hoxton College, 1810-30; pastor in Hackney, 1814-52; published sermons and devotional books; D.D. Glasgow.
^ Samuel Burder (1773–1837), divine; congregational minister at St. Albans; ordained in the Anglican church, c. 1809; preacher in various London churches; published theological works. sician 1815 bridge Wells.
^ Sir Francis Burdett (1770–1844), politician; educated at Westminster and Oxford; travelled on the continent; was in Paris during the early part of the French revolution: returned to England and married Sophia Ooutts, 1798; M.P. for Boroughbridge, 1796; advocated parliamentary reform, and denounced the war with France; suffered heavy expenses over the disputed election for Middlesex, 1802-6; M.P. for Westminster, 1807-37; denounced flogging in the army and corruption in parliament; imprisoned on political charges, 1810, and again, 1820; after Reform Bill inclined to the conservatives; conservative M.P. for North Wilts, 1837-44.
^ William Burdon (1764–1818), miscellaneous writer; wealthy coal-owner; educated at Newcastle-onTyne; fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1788-96: M.A., 1788; lived near Morpeth; published political pamphlets.
^ Samuel Burdy (1760?–1820), historian; B.A. Trinity College. Dublin, 1781; curate of Ardglass, 1783, and incumbent of Kilclief, co. Down, c. 1800-20; published 1 History of Ireland memoirs, and poem*,
^ John Burell (fl. 1590), poet. See Burrel.
^ Burford first Earl of (1670–1726). See Charles Beauclerk.
^ Robert Burford (1791–1861), artist: exhibited panoramas in Leicester Square, praised by Ruskin; exhibited at the Academy from 1812.
^ Thomas Burford (I. 1740–1766), mezzotint engraver, chiefly of portraits.
^ Cornelius Burges or Burgess (1589?–1665), puritan divine; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1615; M.A. Lincoln College, 1618; D.D., 1627; rector of St. Magnus, London Bridge, 1626-41; chaplain in ordinary to Charles I, e. 1626: brought before the court of high commission, 1636, for charging the bishops with favouring Arminianism and Romanism; conveyed to Charles I at York the petition of the London clergy againstthe etcetera oath 1640; of great influence with the House of Commons; put forward as spokesman of the proposal to suppress cathedrals, 1641; chaplain to Essex's regiment of horse, 1642: a vice-president of the Westminster assembly, 1643; opposed imposition ofcovenant 1648; lecturer at St. Paul's and resident in the deanery, 1644; agitated against the execution of Charles 1, 1649; preacher at Wells Cathedral, 1650-60; bought the deanery and part of the cathedral estates; ruined by their forfeiture, 1660; sold his library; published sermons and controversial tracts.
^ George Burges (1786?-1864), classical scholar; educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1810; long a private tutor in Cambridge; attacked Blomfleld in Valpy'sClassical Journal published classical texts and translations, includingGreek Anthology for Bohn's classical library.
^ Sir James Bland Burges (1752–1824), politician; known as Sir James Lamb after 1821, by royal license; educated at Westminster and University College, Oxford; travelled on the continent, 1773; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1777; commissioner in bankruptcy, 1777; M.P. for Helston, Cornwall, 1787-90: supported Warren Hastings when impeached; advocated abolition of slavery and amelioration of conditions of imprisonment for debt; under-secretary for foreign affairs, 1789-95; created baronet, 1795; wrote poems, plays, and epigrams.
^ John Burges (1745–1807), physician ; educated at Westminster; M.D. Christ Church, Oxford, 1774; physician to St. George's Hospital, London, 1 774-87; made collections for Materia Medica
^ Mary Anne Burges (1763–1813), authoress, linguist, and naturalist.
^ William Burges (1827–1881), architect ; trained by Edward Blore, 1844, and Digby Wyatt, 1849; studied mediaeval architecture on the continent; employed, 1856 onwards, in important buildings and restorations; designed Brisbane Cathedral, 1859, and Cork Cathedral, 1862; restored Cardiff Castle, 1865; wrote architectural papers.
^ Anthony Burgess (. 1662), nonconformist; entered St. John's College, Cambridge, 1623; fellow of Emmanuel College; chaplain to the parliamentary garrison, Coventry; member of the Westminster Assembly; rector of Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire; ejected, 1662; author of sermons and doctrinal treatises.
^ Daniel Burgess (1645–1713), nonconformist: educated at Westminster; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1660: acted as domestic chaplain to nonconformist gentry; master of Oharleville school, co. Cork; ordained by the presbytery of Dublin; imprisoned at Marlborough for preaching, 1674; pastor to a congregation in London, 1685-1713; his meeting-house sacked by the Sacheverell mob, 1710; published sermons and devotional pieces.
^ Daniel Burgess (rf. 1747), secretary to Princess Sophia, 1714, at Hanover, and afterwards to the Princess of Wales; son of Daniel Burgess (1645-1713); in the government service, 1702; obtained the government grant (regium donum) for English dissenting ministers, !723.
^ Henry Burgess (1808–1886), divine ; educated at Stepney dissenting college; nonconformist minister; ordained in the Anglican church, 1850; LL.D. Glasgow, 1851; Ph.D. Gbttingen, 1862; incumbent of Clifton Reynes, Buckinghamshire, 1854-61; vicar of Whittlesea Cambridgeshire, 1861-86; published essays and translations from the Syriac.
^ John Burgess (1563–1635), puritan; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1586; rector of St. Peter Hungate, Norwich, 1590; resigned in consequence of the surplice question, c. 1591; beneficed in Lincoln diocese, c. 1596; imprisoned for sermon preached at Greenwich before James I, 1604; led the opposition to the 1603 canons; ejected from his benefice; retired to Leiden, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D.; incorporated M.D. at Cambridge; returned to England, c. 1612; forbidden to practise in London; practised medicine at Isleworth, Middlesex: preacher at Bishopsgate; rector of Sutton Coldfield, Warwick, 1617-35; chaplain to Sir Horatio Vere abroad, 1620; prebendary of Lichfield, 1625; published controversial tracts.
^ John Burgess (d. 1671), nonconformist; intruded rector of Ashprington, Devonshire; ejected, 1662; retired to Dartmouth; afterwards pastor at Hackney; kept a boarding-school at Islington.
^ John Bagnold Burgess (1829–1897), painter; grandson of William Burgess (1749 ?-1812); studied at I toy al Academy; exhibited at Academy first in 1860, and regularly, 1852-97; visited Spain, 1858, and after, the majority of his pictures being studies of Spanish life and character; R.A., 1889.
^ John Cart Burgess (1798–1863), painter of tlmv.Ts in water-colours; teacher of painting; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1812; published treatises on painting and perspective.
^ Joseph Tom Burgess (1828–1886), antiquary; wood enirraver at Northampton, c. 1844; went with Dr. David Alfred Doudney to Ireland, and became editor of Clare Journal; edited various local newspapers in England and published miscellaneous works, including 4 Historic Warwickshire 1876.
^ Richard Burgess (1796–1881), divine; of St. John's College, Cambridge; priest, 1823: Anglican chaplain at Geneva, 1828, and Rome, 1831; rector of Upper Chrl-ta, 1836-61; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1850; rector of Horniugsheath, Suffolk, 1869.
^ Thomas Burgess ( ft. 1786), historical painter; exhibited in London, 1766; exhibited at the Academy, 1778-86; taught drawing in London.
^ Thomas Burgess (1784?-1807), painter; son of William Burgess (1749 ?-1812); exhibited at the Academy, 1802-6.
^ Thomas Burgess (1756–1837), bishop of St. David's and Salisbury; educated at Winchester and Corpus Christi College, Oxford; B.A., 1778; fellow, 1783; resided in Oxford till 1791; prebendary of Durham, 1794; rector of Winston, Durham, 1795; bishop of St. David's, 1803; worked hard for his diocese; founded St. David's College, Lampeter, for education of Welsh clergy, 1822; translated to Salisbury, 1825; author of charges, sermons, and pamphlets; D.D.
^ Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), catholic prelate; educated at Ampleforth; Benedictine monk, 1807; secular priest, 1830; priest of Portland Chapel, Bath, 1832; bishop of Clifton, 1851; D.D.
^ William Burgess (U49 ?-1812), painter ; son of Thomas Burgess (fl.–1786); exhibited In London, 1769; exhibited at the Academy, 1774-99; teacher of drawing.
^ William Burgess (1755?-1813), engraver ; issued prints of Lincolnshire churches; baptist minister at Fleet, Lincolnshire.
^ William Oakley Burgess (1818–1844), mezzotint engraver; pupil of Thomas Goff Lupton; engraved pictures by Sir Thomas Lawrence.
^ Benedict Burgh (fl. 1472), translator of Cato's precepts, printed by Caxton, 1483; rector of Sandon, Essex, 1440; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1472.
^ Hubert de Burgh (d. 1243), chief justiciar ; of Norinan-Irish birth; employed by Richard I; envoy from King John to Portugal, 1200; chamberlain to King John, 1201; perhaps gaoler of John's nephew, Arthur, at Falaise, 1202; envoy to Philip of France, 1203; defended Chinon, 1204; seneschal of Niort and Poitou, 1214; named a conservator of Magna Charta, and appointed justiciar, 1215; defended Dover Castle against French, 1216; continued in the jnsticiarship after John's death; destroyed the French fleet off North Foreland, August, 1217; head of the national party against the foreigners and the bishop of Winchester, 1219; married (his fourth wife) Mareraret, sister of Alexander II of Scotland, 1221; demanded the surrender of the royal castles held by nobles, 1221; defeated the nobles' plot to seize the king, 1223; advised Henry III to declare himself of full age and banish the bishop of Winchester, 1227; created Earl of Kent, 1227; violently attacked by Henry III in consequence of the lack of money in the treasury, 1229; deprived of power by combination of the church, the nobles, and the Londoners, 1231; granted justiciarship of Ireland, June 1232; dismissed from office, July 1232, and accused of many crimes; imprisoned in the tower, 1232, and In Devizes Castle, February 1233; escaped to Chepstow, November 1233, to Richard, carl of Pembroke; his outlawry reversed and earldom restored, 1234; reconciled to the bishop of Winchester, 1237; acquitted after a renewal of the old charges, 1239.
^ James Burgh (1714–1775), political writer ; educated at St. Andrews; press corrector, afterwards usher, in London; kept private school at Stoke Newington, 1747-71; author of Political Disquisitions 1774-6, and pamphlets.
^ Sir John Burgh (1562–1594), military and naval commander; took troops from Lincolnshire to serve in Netherlands, 1585; knighted; governor of Duesburg; governor of the Briel, 1588; commanded one of the English regiments which helped Henry IV of France, 1589-90: knighted on the field at Ivry, 1590; commanded the squadron which captured the great Spanish treasure-ship off the Azores, 1592; killed in a duel respecting the plunder.
^ Richard de Burgh (d. 1243), Irish settler; dispossessed by King John of his lauds in Connaught; pilgrim to Compostella, 1222; restored by Henry III, 1222; fought against Aedh O'Conor of Connaught, 1230; invaded the Irish estates of Richard, the earl marshal, and contributed to his death, 1234; sailed to join Henry III in France; died in France.
^ Richard de Burgh , second Earl of Ulster and fourth Earl of Connaught (1259 ?-1326), eldest son of Walter de Burgh, earl of Ulster; succeeded to earldom, 1271; made war on his late guardian, 1282; i ravaged Connaught, 1286; deposed Brian O'Neill and made Niall Culauach O'Neill, king of Ireland, 1286; ceded Isle of Man to Edward 1, 1290: conquered Magnus O'Conor of Connaught, 1292; summoned by Edward to serve in France, 1294; imprisoned by Fitzgerald, his feudal enemy, 1294-5; made Aedh O'Conor chief in Connaught, 1296; joined Edward I in Scotland, 1296; summoned to serve in France, 1297; served in Scotland, 1304; built Sligo Castle, 1310; at war with other Irish nobles, 1311; made Felim O'Conor chief in Connaught, 1315; fought against Edward Bruce, 1315; imprisoned at Dublin, 1317, in order that he might not join his son-in-law, Robert Bruce; frequently summoned to serve with Edward II in Scotland till 1322.
^ Ulick de Burgh , fifth Earl and Marquis of Clanricarde (1604–1657), succeeded to earldom, 1635; served with Charles I against Scots, 1639; of suspected loyalty, 1641; Charles I's commissioner to meet the Irish confederates, 1643; commander of the forces in Connaught, 1644; created marquis, 1645; tried to reconcile the Irish to Charles I, 1646; reduced Galway, 1648; deputy in Ireland for Ormonde, December 1650: distrusted by the Irish; capitulated to the parliament, 1652.
^ Sir Ulysses Bagenal Burgh, second Baron Downes (1788–1863), general; ensign, 1804; captain, 1806; aide-de-camp to Wellington in Peninsula, 1809-14; lieutenant-colonel, 1812; K.C.B., 1814; colonel, 1826; succeeded to barony, 1826; clerk of the ordnance, 1828-1830; general, 1864.
^ Walter de Burgh , called Earl of Ulster(d. 1271), second son of Richard de Burgh (d. 1243) ; succeeded his brother in the estates, 1248; granted possession, 1250; came of age, 1253; at war with the Irish of Connaught, 1256-70; at war with Fitzgerald, 1264-5.
^ Walter Hussey Burgh (1742–1783), Irish lawyer; known as Walter Hussey till 1762; B.A. Dublin, 1762; married, 1767; Irish barrister, 1769; M.P. in the Irish parliament for Athy, 1769, and for Dublin University, 1776; prime Serjeant, 1777; advocated free trade; opposed the union, chief baron of the Irish exchequer, 1782; celebrated orator.
^ William de Burgh (d. 1204), Anglo-Norman baron of Ireland: from 1200 harried the Connaught Irish, supporting the attempts of the pretender, Cathal Carrach, to dispossess Cathal Crobhderg of the throne of Couuaught.
^ William de Burgh , sixth Lord of Connaught and third Earl of Ulster (1312-1332), succeeded as a minor, 1326; knighted, and obtained possession of his estates, 1328: at war with the O'Brians, 1328-30; attended parliament in Dublin, 1329; at war with Fitzgerald, 13IJO: imprisoned: iu England, 1331; at war with Sir Walter de Burgh, 1332.
^ William Burgh (1741–1808), controversialist: an Irish landowner: with Walter Huasey Burgh M.P. for Athy, 1769-76; advocated abolition of slavery: opposed the union; hon. D.O.L. Oxford, 1788; wrote against unitarianisin.
^ Edward Burghall (d. 1665), puritan ; schoolmaster at Bunbury, Cheshire, 1632; plundered by royalist troops, 1643; intruded vicar of Acton, Cheshire, 1646-62; taught school, 1663; left diary in manuscript
^ Michael Burghers (1653?–1727), engraver; born in Amsterdam; settled in Oxford, 1673; engraved for the university press, 1676-1720; engraver to the university, 1692; principally engraved portraits.
^ Baron Burghersh . See Francis Fane.
^ Bartholomew Burghersh, Baron Burghersh the elder (d. 1355), succeeded to barony, 1310 : served in Scotland, 1317; imprisoned in the Tower, 1321; constable of Dover Castle frequently from 1327; chamberlain of Edward III and his attendant in France and Scotland; envoy to Philip of France, 1329; admiral of Channel fleet, 1337; served in Gascony, 1349.
^ Bartholomew Burghersh, Baron Burgersh, the younger (d. 1369), son of Bartholomew, baron Burghersh, the elder; served in Flanders, 1339, in Brittany, 1342-3, at Crecy, 1346, at Calais, 1347, in Qasoony, 1349; K.G., 1350; pilgrim to Palestine, 1354; succeeded his father, 1355; served in France, 1355-6, and 1359-60; commissioner on the state of Ireland, 1362, and to Pope Urban V, 1366.
^ Henry Burghersh (1292–1340), bishop of Lincoln; studied abroad; proposed for the see of Winchester by his family, 1319; intruded into the see of Lincoln, 1320; his temporalities seized by Edward II, 1322, but restored, 1324 ?; supported Queen Isabella, 1326; commissioner to obtain Edward IPs abdication, 1327; lord treasurer, 1327: lord chancellor, 1328-30: candidate for see of Canterbury, 1328; accompanied Edward III to France, 1329; baptised the Prince of Wales, 1330; imprisoned in Tower, 1330: lord treasurer, 1334-7; employed by Edward III in Flanders, 1338, in the southern counties, 1340, and again in Flanders, 1340, where he died.
^ Barons Burghley . See CECIL, WILLIAM, first Baron 1620–1598; CECIL, THOMAS, second BARON, 1542-1622.
^ Edward Burgis (1673?–1747), in religion Ambrose; Dominican friar : wrote on ecclesiastical history.
^ Dr Burgo. (1710?–1776). See Thomas Burke.
^ John William Burgon (1813–1888), dean of Chichester; son of Thomas Burgon; studied at University College, London; published a Life of Sir Thomas Gresham 1839; entered Worcester College, Oxford, 1841; fellow of Oriel, 1846; M.A., 1848; vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, 1864; Gresham professor of divinity, 1867; dean of Chichester, 1876: published Lives of Twelve Good Men 1888, sermons, and works of religious controversy; a high churchman of the old school.
^ Thomas Burgon (1787–1858), Turkey merchant and member of court of assistants of Levant Company; employed in coin department of British Museum, 1841.
^ Hugh Talbot Burgoyne (1833-1870), captain, Royal Navy; only son of Sir John Fox Burgoyne; entered navy, 1847; gained Victoria cross for service in Black Sea, 1856; drowned in the turret-ship Captain off Cape Finisterre.
^ Sir John Burgoyne (1739–1785), general, seventh baronet of Sutton, Bedfordshire; entered the army when young: rapidly promoted; raised a regiment of light dragoons for India, 1781; served in India, 17S21785; major-gneral, 17S3.
^ John Burgoyne (1722–1792), dramatist and general; educated at Westminster; lieutenant, 1741; eloped with Lady Charlotte Stanley, daughter of the Earl of Derby, 1743; captain, c. 1743; resided in France to escape his creditors, 1749-55; lieutenant-colonel. L7WJJ raised dragoon regiment, 1759; M.P. for Midhnrst, 1761; brigadier-general in Portugal, 1762; govenior of Fort William, 1768-78; M.P. for Preston, 1768; major-genend 1772; attacked Olive in parliament, 1773; wrote plays, 1774-86; served in New England, 1775, and censured his brother-officers; second in command in Canada, 17 76, and censured his superior officer: lieutenant-general, 1777; given supreme command in Canada, but capitulated at Saratoga, October 1777; made commander-in-chief in Ireland by the whigs, 1782; manager of the impeachment of Warren Hastings; wrote plays, including the Heiress 1786.
^ Sir John Fox Burgoyne (1782–1871), engineer officer; illegitimate son of John Burgoyne (1722-1792) ; educated at Eton and Woolwich; entered royal engineers, 1798; served in Malta, Sicily, Egypt, 1800-7; engineer in Sir John Moore's expedition, 1808-9; engineer with Wellington throughout the Peninsular war; engineer in American campaign, 1814-15; commander of the engineers in France, 1815-18, and in Portugal, lH2f.; chairman of public works board, Ireland, 1831-45; majorgeneral and K.O.B., 1838; inspector-general of fortifications, 1845-68; lieutenant-general, 1850; present in the Crimean campaign, 1853-5; general, 1855; created baronet, 1856; constable of the Tower of London. 1865; field-marshal, 1868.
^ Montagu Burgoyne (1750–1836), politician; educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge; held sinecure office in the exchequer; published pamphlets.
^ Sir Montague Roger Burgoyne (d. 1817), eighth baronet of Sutton, Bedfordshire; eldest son of Sir John Burgoyne; comet Scots Greys, 1789; lieutenant-colonel 32ud light dragoons, 1795; major-generaL 1810.
^ Walter de Burgsted (fl. 1257). See Berstede.
^ Duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503). See Margaret.
^ Robert Burhill or Burghill (1572–1641), divine; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1585; M.A., 1594; D.D., 1632; rector of Northwold, Norfolk, and of Snailwell Cambridgeshire, and prebendary of Hereford, 1604; assisted Sir Walter Ralegh in his History of the World; wrote works on controversial divinity.
^ Burhred or Burgraed (reigned 852–874), king of Mercia; succeeded Beorhtwulf; subdued the revolt of North Wales and Anglesey, by help of JEthelwulf of the West-Saxons, 863; married Ethelswyth, JEthelwulfs daughter, 854; solicited West-Saxon help against the Danes, 868; vainly besieged the Danes in Nottingham; accepted Danish supremacy: received the expelled Northumbrian king, 872; conquered by the Danes, 874; fled to Rome, and died there.
^ Edmund Burke (1729–1797), statesman; second son of Richard Burke, attorney, of Dublin; brought up as a protestant by his father; entered Trinity College, Dublin, 1743; B.A., 1748; entered the Middle Temple, London, 1750; troubled by weak health: travelled in the west of England and in France; punished for neglect of his legal studies by discontinuance of the allowance from his father, 1755; first published works, Vindication of Natural Society andOn the Sublime and Beautiful 1756; married a catholic, who afterwards turned protestant, Jane Nugent, daughter of his physician, 1756, and was for some time dependent on his father-in-law; unsuccessfully applied for the consulship at Madrid, 1759; started theAnnual Register 1759, and contributed to it till 1788; private secretary to William Gerard Hamilton, 1759-64, accompanying him to Ireland, 1761-2, and again 1763-4; resigned a pension which Hamilton had obtained for him, 17G1; private secretary to tlia Marquis of Ttocktngham, July 17G5, who from time to time helped him I iy advances of money and destroyed his bond- at his death; inherited a small Irih estate inim a brother, 17G5, which he sold in 17to; el.-etcd M.P. for Wendovcr, 1705-74, through the intiueneeotKalph.Mvond earl Yrney; tin-t spoke in parliameiit, 27 Jan. 1700, on the A-mericunrnttcstttm; ackuuwl.-di.-vu.i. an. orator of the HSrcla, lint out of touch with the house; visited Ireland, ently attacked the administration of Chatham and Grafton, especially in regard to their dealing sith Ka-t Indian. 1 7M, and American questions, 1767; partieipated in the stockjobbing operations of a brother, a kinsman, and Lord Vemey; was partly involved in their ruin, 17C'J, and remainud lor the rest of his life in continuous financial difficulties; bought his estate at Beaconsfield, 17U8, before the crash came; vigorously j attacked the foreign and domes tic policy of the tory govern; rni; issued Thoughts on the Present Discontents 23 April 1770, accusing the government of strangling public opinion; carried the day in favour of giving publicity to proceedings in parliament, 1771; agent for New " province!771j_jdoleutly assailed*" By pamphleteers the"~IHTpression that he was author of the * Letters of Junius 1772; voted for removal of disabilities of proU-stam di~-i nters and advocated taxing absentee Irish landlords, 1773; visited Paris, February-March 1773, and returned with a pronounced aversion to French democracy; joined by Charles James Fox in his violent attacks on North's conduct of atl'airs, 1774-5; M.P. for Bristol, 1774-80, on the invttattoit-ef the citizens, who afterwards took offence at his championship of Irish trade and catholic emancipation; strongly advocated peace with America, 1775-6; ilplivftivd his employing Indians uPllie Amencauwar, February 1778; helped Admiral Keppel in his successful de'fence before a court-martial, 1779; advocated economical reform in the public service and restrictions on the slave-trade, 1780; became M.P. for Malton, Yorkshire, 1781-94, through Lord Kockingham's influence; again advocated economical reform, and, by his attacks -ou-tlie-eeuduetofthe American war, fureeil "North to resign, 1781-2; kept out of the cabinet by the whips on their coming into office, i but.made paymaster of the forces, March-July 1782; grged UUUUUniteal ll'fnnn i Ux_par tial success, and the conferring of self-government on Ireland, 1782; retired from the ministry with Fox, July 1782; acquiesced in the coalition government of Fox and North under the Duke of Portland, and accepted paymastership of the forces, 1783; active member of the committee which investigated the affairs of the East India Company, wrote the Ninth Report on the trade of Bengal and the system pursued by Warren Hastings, and the Eleventh Report on the system of presents, and drafted the government's East India bill, 1783; lord rector of Glasgow University, 1784 and 1785; personally unpopular in the House of Commons; continued his attack on Warren Hastings, 1785; travelled in Scotland, 1785; joined by Philip Francis in urging the impeachment of Hastings, 1786, which was accomplished, 10 May 1787; opened the case for the impeachment in Westminster Hall, February 1788; again pushed over by Fox in forming a cabinet, 1788; joined Fox in upholding right of Prince of Wales to regency, 1788; supported Wilberforce in advocating abolition of the slave-trade, 1788-9; spoke in parliament against the French democracy, February 1790, and issued his Reflections on the French Revolution November 1790; estranged in consequence from Fox and Sheridan; prevailed on the new parliament to continue the impeachment of Hastings, 1790: LL.D. Dublin, 1791; finally quarrelled with Fox and the whigs, 1791; voted against removal of disabilities from Unitarians, and against parliamentary reform, advised his friends to support Pitt and the tories, pleaded for war with France, and openly joined the ministerial party, 1792; continued his quarrel with Fox and Sheridan, 1794; delivered his nine-daysspeech for the jmrnMbnant of Hastings in reply to the defence, 171)4; retired from parliament, July;.pensioned by the ministry, 1794; encouraged the foundation of Maynooth College, 1795; present at the acquittal of Hastings, 179*; established a school for sons of French refugees at Penn, Buckinghamshire, and wrote Letters on a Regicide Peace 1796. His collected works were, published, 17J2-1827.
^ Edmund Plunkett Burke (1802–1835), judge; educated at Caen, Normandy, and Cambridge; called to bar at the Inner Temple; judge in St. Lucia, West Indies, 1802; wrote on civil law.
^ John Burke (1787–1848), genealogical and heraldic writer; iMied 1 Verage and Baronetage l.vC, Kxtinct Peerage 1881,Commoners 1833-8 (in later editions called Landed Gentry), Extinct Baronetcies 1838, and Knightage 1841, also works on the royal family and on heraldry.
^ Sir John Bernard Burke (18H-1892), Ulster king-ol-arms, son of John Burke; educated at Caen College, Normandy; called to bar at Middle Temple. 1839; Ulster king-of-arms in Ireland, 1853; knighted, 1854; keeper of state papers in Ireland, 1855; honorary LL.D. Dublin, 18G2; C.B., 1868; appointed a governor of National Gallery ol Ireland, 1874. He annually ru-editcd his father's works, including Peerage 1847-92, publishing also Vicissitudes of Families 1859-63, and other genealogical works.
^ Peter Burke (1811–1881), legal writer; eldest sou of John Burke; educated at Caen, Normandy; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1839; serjeant-at-law, 1859; "wrote on legal subjects and remarkable trials,
^ Robert O'Hara Burke (1820–1861), Australian explorer; educated in Belgium; captain in the Austrian service; entered the Irish constabulary, 1848; inspector of police in Victoria, 1853; leader of expedition to cross Australia from south to north, 1860; reached estuary of Flinders river, 1861; starved to death at Cooper's Creek, June 1861; buried at Melbourne.
^ Thomas Burke (1710?–1776), latinised de Burgo, church historian; native of Dublin; joined Dominicans at Rome, 1726; compiled Officia propria Sanctorum Hiberniae 1751 (revised edition, 1769); began the history of the Dominicans in Ireland, 1753 (published, 1762, Hibernia Dominicana and a supplement, 1772); bishop of Ossory, 1759; wrote theological works.
^ Thomas Burke (1749–1815), engraver, chiefly of works by Angelica Kauffmann.
^ Thomas Henry Burke (1829-1 882), undersecretary for Ireland, 1869-82; began official life at Dublin Castle, 1847; murdered in Phoenix Park.
^ Thomas Nicholas Burke (1830–1883), Dominican preacher and lecturer; at Rome, 1847: joined Dominicans at Perugia; studied theology at Rome; priest on the English mission, 1853; founded the convent at Tallaght, Dublin; prior of convent in Rome; lectured in the United States, 1872; published lectures and sermons.
^ Ulick Ralph Burke (1845–1895), Spanish scholar; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1867; called to bar at Middle Temple, 1870; travelled in Spain, and subsequently studied Spanish literature and history; barrister at high court of North- West Provinces, India, 1873-8, and in Cyprus, 1885-9; registrar i of quarter-sessions, 1889; published History of Spain 1895, und other works.
^ William Burke (d. 1798), supposed author of the Letters of Junius; entered Westminster School, 1743, and Christ Church. Oxford, 1747; B.C.L., 1755; under-secretary of state, 1755-8; M.P. for Great Bedwin, 1766-74; stock-jobber; bankrupt, 1769; in India, 17771792; lived with his kinsman, Edmund Burke, at Beaconsfield, 1793.
^ William Burke (1792–1829), murderer; navvy in Scotland, 1818; lodged with William Hare in Edinburgh, 1827, and sold a dead body to the surgeons; smothered people for the purpose of selling their bodies, 1828; hanged at Edinburgh.
^ Henry Burkhead (fl. 1646), author ; published at Kilkenny, 1646, Cola's Fury, or Lirenda's Misery, a tragedy on the Irish troubles.
^ William Burkitt (1650–1703), divine and commentator; educated at Cambridge grammar school and at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1672; rector of Milden, Suffolk; vicar of Dedham, Essex, 1692-1703; author of sermons and expository works.
^ Barons of Burleigh . See BALFOUR, ROBERT, second BARON, d. 1663; BALPOUR, JOHN, third BARON, d. 1688; BALFOUR, ROBERT, fifth BARON, d. 1757.
^ John Burley (d. 1333), Carmelite of Stamford.
^ John Burley or Burleigh (d. 1648), royalist officer: captain of a ship-otwar, 1(142; served in Charles I's army, becoming a general of ordnance; executed for a quixotic attempt to release Charles at Newport, 1647.
^ Sir Simon Burley ( 1336-1 388), soldier and courtier ; served at sea, 1350, and in France, 1355; attended the Black Prince in Aquitaine, 1364: envoy to Pedro of Oas- ! tile, 1366-7; taken prisoner by the French, 1369; exchanged, 1370: made guardian to Prince Richard; accompanied Richard II to Ixnidon, 1377: governor of Windsor Castle, 1377-88; tutor of Richard II, 1380; negotiated the king's marriage with Anne of Bohemia, and escorted her to London, 1381; K.O., 1381; constable of Dover Oastle, 1384-7; served in Scotland, 1385; impeached by Richard's opponent* and beheaded, 1388.
^ Walter Burley (1275–1345?), Aristotelian commentator: probably a secular priest; reputed fellow of Merton College, Oxford; studied at Paris under Duns Scotus; almoner to Philippa, consort of Edward III, 1327; envoy to the pope, 1327 and 1330; possibly prebendary of Wells, 1332: reputed tutor to the Black Prince, c. 1342; possibly identical with a petitioner for the archdeaconry of Richmond, 1345. His De Vita et Moribus Philosophorum was printed 1467. Several other treatises by him were issued in the fifteenth and early part of the sixteenth century, and many survive in manuscript.
^ William Burley (d. 1436), speaker of the House of Commons, 1436 and 1444: M.P. for Shropshire at intervals from 1417 to 1455; sheriff of Shropshire, 1426.
^ Earls of Burlington . See BOYLE, RICHARD, first EARL, 1612-1697: BOYLE, RICHARD, third EARL, 1695-1753.
^ Henry Burlowe (d. 1837).
^ John Burly (d. 1333).
^ Thomas Burman (d. 1674), sculptor.
^ Edward Burn (1762–1837), writer against Dr. Joseph Priestley; educated at Trevecca College, Wales; entered St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1784; M.A., 1791; lecturer of St. Mary's Chapel, Birmingham, 17851837; rector of Smethcott, Shropshire; published sermons and tracts.
^ John Burn (1744?–1802), lawyer ; a Westmoreland squire; son of Richard Burn; issued revised editions of his father's manuals.
^ John Southerden Burn (1799?–1870), antiquary: solicitor, 1819; registrar of marriages at chapels prior to 1754, 1831; secretary to commission for inquiry into non-parochial registers, 1836-41; published History of... foreign Refugees settled in England 1846, and other antiquarian works.
^ Richard Burn (1709–1785), legal writer; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1734; vicar of Orton, Westmoreland, 1736-85; D.O.L., 1762; chancellor of Carlisle, 1765. His works include Justice of the Peace 1755, Ecclesiastical Law 1760, History of Westmoreland and Cumberland 1771.
^ William Burn (1789–1870), architect of numerous mansions in Great Britain and Ireland; in business in Edinburgh, c. 1814; removed to London, 1844.
^ Andrew Burnaby (1734?-1812), traveller; at Westminster School, 1748; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1757; travelled in North America, 1759-60; chaplain at Leghorn, 1762-7, travelling in Italy and Corsica; vicar of Greenwich, 1769; archdeacon of Leicester, 1786; author of travels, sermons, and charges.
^ Charles Burnaby (?) (ft. 1700), reputed author of four comalies. printed 1700-2. It is possible that they were really written by William Buruaby of Merton College, Oxfonl, 1691, and the Middle Temple, 1693, translator of Petroiiius, 1694.
^ Frederick Gustavus Burnaby (1842–1885), cavalry officer and traveller; educated at Harrow and in Germany; a facile linguist; cornet, 1859; lieutenantcolonel, 1880; commanded the 3rd household cavalry, 1881-5; travelled in Central and Southern America, c. 1862, lu Spain and Morocco, 1808 in South Russia, 1870, in Spain, 1874, and in the Soudan, 1875; rode from Kazala to Khiva, 1875; rale from Scutari into Armenia, and thence to Uatoum, 1H76: attended Valentine Baker's operations iu the Russo-Turkish war, 1877; contested Birmingham, 1880; attached himself to the Egyptian expedition, 1884; killed in action in the attempt to relieve Khartoum; student of military ballooning, and author of narratives of his travels.
^ Nevill Northey Burnard (1818–1878), sculptor, chiefly of portrait-busts; native of Cornwall; carver of marble to London sculptors; exhibited at the Academy, 1855-67.
^ Nicol Burne or Bourn (fl. 1581), controversialist; Calviuist; professor at St. Andrews; adopted Catholicism; imprisoned at St. Andrews and Edinburgh, 1680; banished, 1581; published, at Paris, 1581, a virulent attack on Knox and Luther.
^ Robert Burne (1765?–1825), general; ensign, 1773; served in India, 1784-98 ieutenaut-colonel of the 36th foot, 1799; served in Hanover, 1805, and at Buenos Ayres, 1807; colonel, 1808; served at Vimeiro and Corufta, 1808; and at Flushing, 1809; major-general, 1811; invalided from Spain, 1811; held home commands, 1812-14; lieutenant-general, 1821.
^ Edward Coley Burne-Jones (1833-1898) painter; educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and Exeter College, Oxford, where he made acquaintance of William Morris and others, who formed the Brotherhood; became friend of Rossetti, and studied art; executed St. Frideswide's window in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, 1859; came to London; associate of the * Old Society 1863; comparatively little known until, in 1877, he exhibited Chant dAmour Days of Creation and Beguiling of Merlin at the Grosvenor Gallery; exhibited also at the New Gallery; elected A.R.A., 1885; exhibited at Royal Academy The Depths of the Sea (1886): exhibited frequently at Paris from 1878; honorary D.C.L. Oxford, 1881; honorary fellow, Exeter College, 1882; created baronet, 1894. He did much decorative wonc. Among the best-known of his pictures are the Pygmalion series (1879), the * Golden Stairs (1880), King Cophetua (1884), and the Garden of Pan (1887).
^ Arthur Coke Burnell (1840–1882), an authority on Sanscrit and the languages of Southern India; of King's College, London; entered the Indian Civil Service, 1867; served in Madras, 1860-8; tour through Arabia, Egypt, Nubia, 1868; magistrate at Mangalore and Taujore, 1869-80; published treatises on Hindu law, translations from the Sanscrit, and linguistic and historical tracts; collector of Sanscrit manuscripts now at the India Office; hon. Ph.D. Strasburg.
^ Edward Burnell (fl. 1542), professor of Greek at Rostock.
^ Henry Burnell (fl. 1641), published at Dublin, 1641, Landgartha, a burlesque tragedy, performed there in 1639.
^ Robert Burnell (d. 1292), bishop of Bath and Wells; accompanied Prince Edward to France, 1260, and in Wales, 1263; began to acquire estates in Shropshire, 1263; employed on a mission in South Wales, 1265; licensed to impark his land, 126C, and to have a weekly market and two fairs at Acton Burnell, 1269; befriended by Prince Edward, who tried to obtain Canterbury for him, 1270; trusted minister of Edward I, and in constant attendance on him at home and abroad; co-regent during Edward's absence on crusade, 1272; lord chancellor, 1274 till death; bishop of Bath and Wells, 1275; one of Prince Llewelyn's judges, 1276; employed on a mission in France and Gascony, 1278; postulated for archbishop of Canterbury at the request of Edward I, 1278, and elected to see of Winchester, 1280, but set aside by the pope: settled the court of chancery in London, 1280, instead of following the court; employed on the Welsh bonier, 1282-3; framed the statute of Rhuddlan, 1282; parliament met in his hall at Acton, 1283; with Edward I in France, 1286-9; conducted an inquiry into the conduct of the juderes during the king's absence, 1290; lived a covetous and ambitious life, owning estates in nineteen counties (eightytwo manors); built the episcopal hall at Wells; procured franchises and liberties for Wells Cathedral; defended the right's of the crown against Peckham, the Franciscan primal.-,
^ Sir Alexander Burnes (1805–1841), Indian political oilirer; ollicerin the Bombay iiutive infantry, 1H21; studied native languages: assistant resident in Cutch, 1829; visited Siud and the Punjab, 1830; visited Afghauiutan, Bokhara, the Turkoman country, Persia, 1H32; in England, 1M3-5; envoy to Dost Mahomed, 1836; advised alliance with him; knighted, 1839; political officer with the army at Cabul, 1839-41; slain in the massacre. vii. 3891
^ James Burnes (1801–1862), physician in India; studied medicine in Edinburgh and London; in the medical service at Bombay, 1821; surgeon at Outch; ucniiiip.iiHil tin- Sind expedition, 1825; published his Narrative 1830: in England, 1H34-6: LL.D. Glasgow, 1K31; garrison-surgeon, 1837, and afterwards physiciangeneral at Bombay; returned to England, 1849.
^ Simon Burneston or Boraston(fl. 1338), preacher and theological writer; reputed D.D. Cambridge; member of the Dominican convent, Oxford: provincial.
^ Alexander Burnet (1614–1684), archbishop in Scotland; a relative of the Earls of Traquair and Teviot; chaplain to the Earl of Traquair; refugee in England, c. 1639; took Anglican orders; beneficed in Kent; ejected 1650; crossed the Channel, and held correspondence for Charles II; chaplain to Dunkirk garrison, c. 1660; bishop of Aberdeen, 1663; archbishop of Glasgow, 1664; a strong high churchman, opposed to terms with the presbyterians, provoking the covenanter rising by his severity, 1666; strongly opposed to Lauderdale's conciliatory policy, 1669; compelled to resign his see, 1669, but restored, 1674; archbishop of St. Andrews, 1679-84.
^ Elizabeth Burnet (1661–1709), authoress of A Method of Devotion 1709; nte Blake; married, 1678, Robert Berkeley (d. 1693) of Spetchley, Worcestershire; resided at the Hague, 1684-9; married (third wife) Gilbert Burnet (1643-1715), 1699.
^ Gilbert Burnet (1643–1715), bishop of Salisbury; of an Aberdeenshire family; son of a well-to-do Edinburgh lawyer, three times exiled for refusing the covenant; his mother a strict presby terian; educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen; M.A.; studied law; afterwards studied divinity and history; probationer of the Scottish church, 1661; practised extemporary preaching; thought ill of the oppressive policy of the Scottish bishops, 1663; visited Cambridge, Oxford, and London, and refused the parish of Saltoun, Haddmgtonshire, 1663; studied Hebrew at Amsterdam, visited Paris and the court at London, 1664; F.R.S., 1664; minister of Saltoun, 1665-9; wrote against the Scottish bishops and in favour of Lauderdale's milder policy, 1666; clerk of Haddington presbytery, 1667; sounded as to a proposal to divorce Charles IPs queen for barrenness; in Lauderdale's confidence, 1667; employed by Archbishop Leighton to negotiate with the presbyterians, 1669; employed by the Duchess of Hamilton to obtain the king's sanction for placing presbyterian ministers in certain parishes; professor of divinity at Glasgow, 1669; advised the privy council to send a commission into the west to inquire into the growing discontent; employed by Leighton to urge the moderate presbyterians to accept the offers of the court, 1670, and by the Duchess of Hamilton to arrange her family papers (published Memoirs of the Dukes of Hamilton 1676); persuaded the Duke of Hamilton to accept the court measures, 1671; summoned to London to advise Lauderdale, and offered the bishopric of Edinburgh, 1671; married his first wife, 1671; joined the Duke of Hamilton in reprobating Lauderdale's new policy of violence, 1672; wrote in favour of obedience to episcopacy, and against popery, 1673; visited London; as king's chaplain remonstrated with Charles II on his profligacy, 1673; incurred the hatred of Lauderdale, 1673; went to London, June 1674; dismissed by the king from his chaplaincy; preached in London churches; chaplain of the Kolls Chapel and lecturer of St. Clement's, 1675-84; witness against Lauderdale before the House of Commons, 1675; offered the see of Chichester, 1678; deprecated persecution of Roman catholics during the popish plot, 1678-80, incurring the dislike both of the court and of the extreme anti-popery party; published his History of the Reformation in England vol. i. 1679 vol. ii. 1681, vol. iii. 1714; remonstrated with Charles II on his evil life, 1680; attended the deathbed of the Karl of Rochester, 1680; intimate with William, lord Russell, 1681; asked, but was refused, the mastership of the Temple; obtained places in England for dispossessed Scottish clergy, 1682; wrote against popery; attended Lord Russell on the scaffold; withdrew to 1'aris, lts;{; returned to England; ejected from his chaplaincy at the Kolls and his lectureship by Charles II, 1684; visited Paris, Rome, Geneva, Strasburg, Frankfort, Heidelberg, and Utrecht, 1685-6 publishing a narrative of his tour, 1687; visited the Hague on invitation of the Prince of Orange, 1686; outlawed by James II, 1687; married his second wife, Mary Scott (rf. 1698), 1687; obtained from Mary, consort of the Prince of Orange, a promise to place power in William's hands; advised Sophia of Hanover of the intended invasion of England; drafted William's declaration; accompanied William to Torbay and London, 1688; bishop of Salisbury, 1689: advocated toleration in the House of Lords; preached the coronation sermon; carried the bill to attaint Sir John Fenwick, 1697; appointed to attend Peter the Great, 1698; married his third wife see BURNET, ELIZABETH; published Exposition of the xxxix Articles 1699 (censured by the lower house of convocation, 1701); had charge of the succession bill, 1701; attended William on his deathbed, 1702; opposed the occasional conformity bill, 1703; obtained first-fruite and tenths for church purposes Queen Anne's Bounty, 1704; spoke against Sacheverell, 1710; remonstrated with Anne for countenancing the Pretender, James Edward; lived latterly in Clerkenwell; wrote a History of his own Times (published, 1723-34), sermons, controversial treatises, and political pamphlets.
^ Gilbert Burnet (1690–1726), pamphleteer; son of Gilbert Burnet (1643-1715); educated at Leyden and Merton College, Oxford; B.A., 1706; chaplain to George I, 1718; rector of East Barnet, 1719-26.
^ James Burnet (1788–1816), landscape-painter ; came to London, 1810; exhibited at the Academy, 18121814.
^ John Burnet (1784–1868), painter and engraver ; trained in Edinburgh; came to London, 1806; engraved pictures by David Wilkie; exhibited at the Academy, 1808-23, and at the British Institution; pensioned, 1860; wrote treatises on drawing and painting.
^ Margaret Burnet (1630?-1685?), eldest daughter of John Kennedy, sixth earl of Cassilis; a determined presbyterian; long in the confidence of Lauderdale; married Bishop Gilbert Burnet (1643-1715) , 1671.
^ Sir Thomas Burnet (1632?-1715?), physician; studied medicine at Montpellier; M.D., 1659; practised in Edinburgh; published Thesaurus Mediciuae practicae, 1 1672; original fellow of the Edinburgh College of Physicians, 1681; knighted before 1691; published medical works.
^ Thomas Burnet (1635?–1715), master of the Charterhouse, 1685-1715; educated at Northallertou school and Cambridge; fellow of Christ's College, 1667; M.A., 1658; withstood James II's attempt to appoint a catholic pensioner of the Charterhouse, 1687; chaplain and clerk of the closet to William III, 1689-92; published works on theology and cosmogony, which excited much contemporary criticism.
^ Thomas Burnet (d. 1750), divine; rector of West Kington, Wiltshire, 1706-50; D.D. New College, Oxford, 1720; wrote works of doctrinal theology.
^ Sir Thomas Burnet (1694–1753), judge; youngest son of Gilbert Burnet (1643-1716); at Leyden, 1706-7; travelled in Germany, Switzerland, and Italy; entered the Middle Temple, 1709; barrister, 1715; consul at Lisbon, 1719; serjeant-at-law, 1736; justice of the common pleas, 1741; knighted, 1745; published pamphlets, chiefly political.
^ William Burnet (d. 1729), colonial governor; son of Gilbert Burnet (1643-1715); educated at Cambridge and Leyden; governor of New York and of Massachusetts, 1728.
^ George Burnett (1776?–1811), compiler of Specimens of English Prose 1807; entered Balliol College, Oxford, and subsequently the dissenting college at Manchester; pastor at Yarmouth; studied medicine at Edinburgh: surgeon in the militia regiment; tutor in Poland, of which country he printed a View (1807).
^ George Burnett (1822–1890), historian and heraldic author; called to Scottish bar, lsj;; Lyon depute, 1864; Lyon king-of-arms, 1866; LL.D. Edinburgh, 1884; chief work, an edition of Exchequer Rolls, 1264-1607 (1881-90).
^ Gilbert Thomas Burnett (1800–1835), professor of botany at King's College, London, 1831-5; practised medicine in London; published botanical textbooks,
^ James Burnett, Lord Monboddo (1714–1799), Scottish judge; educated at Aberdeen, Edinburgh, and Grb'niugen; advocate, 1737; sheriff of Kincardine, 1764; lord of session, taking his title from his estate, 1767; visited at Monboddo by Samuel Johnson, 1773; published Origin... of Language 1773-92, Antient Metaphysics 1778-99, and law reports.
^ John Burnett (1729–1784), Aberdeen merchant ; founder of the Burnett prize.
^ John Burnett (1764?-1810), advocate, 1785; sheriff of Haddington, 1803; judge-admiral of Scotland, 1810; wrote Criminal Law of Scotland
^ Sir William Burnett (1779–1861), apprentice to a Montrose surgeon; naval surgeon at St. Vincent, the Nile, Trafalgar; physician to the Mediterranean fleet, 1810-13, and at Chatham, 1814; practised at Chichester, 1816 ?-22: physician-general of the navy, 1824 ?-41; knighted, 1831; patented a disinfecting fluid; published medical tracts.
^ Charles Burney (1726–1814), musician and author; educated at Chester: taught music by his brother at Shrewsbury, 1741, and by Thomas Augustus Arne in London, 1744-7; published his first compositions, 1745-7; organist and conductor of concerts in London, 1749; organist at Lynn Hegis, 1751-60; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1769; travelled in France, Switzerland, Italy, 1770 (publishing an account of his tour, 1771); travelled in Belgium, Holland, Germany, Austria, 1772, and published a narrative of his tour, 1773; organist at Chelsea hospital, 1783-1814; pensioned, 1806: author of musical compositions, biographies of musicians, and a History of Music, 1 1776-89.
^ Charles Burney (1757–1817), classical scholar ; son of Charles Burney (1726-1814); educated at Charterhouse, Cains College, Cambridge, and Aberdeen; M.A., 1781; D.D. Lambeth, 1812; kept private school at Hammersmith, 1786-93, and at Greenwich, 1793-1813; rector of Cllffe, Kent, and of St. Paul's, Deptford; prebendary of Lincoln, 1817; published tracts and papers, chiefly of Greek lexicography and tragic metres. His library was bought for the British Museum,
^ Frances Burney (1752–1840). See Madame D'Arblay.
^ James Burney (1750–1821), captain, royal navy ; son of Charles Burney (1726-1814); entered the navy, 1764; sailed with Captain Cook on his second (1772-4) and third voyages (1775-80); captain, 1782; in the action off Cuddalore, 1783; retired; wrote Discoveries in the Pacific 1803-17; North-eastern Voyages of Discovery 1819, and some pamphlets.
^ Sarah Harriet Burney (1770?–1844), novelist ; published Clarentine, 1796, and other novels later; youngest daughter of Charles Burney (1726-1814); resided in Florence, 1816-39.
^ John Burneyeat (1631–1690), qnaker ; a Cumberland farmer; joined the quakers, 1653; began to interrupt church services and was imprisoned, 1667; in Scotland, 1658; in Ireland, 1659; again imprisoned at Carlisle, 1660; went on circuit to Barbados, Virginia, New England, 1664-7, and travelled over the greater part : Kin-land, Wales, and Ireland, 1668-70; imprisoned in London, 1670; went to America, 1670; returned to England, 1 7:;; went finally to Ireland, r. 1676; imprisoned at Dublin, 1683: afterwards lived unmolested; published pamphlets.
^ Richard Burnham (1711–1752), clergyman, pog. sibly.a congregationalist; compiler of Pious Memorials,* published 1763.
^ Richard Burnham (1749?-1810), baptist and hymn-writer; a Wesleyan at High Wycombe; baptist pastor at Staines; preacher in London, 1780 till death.
^ Allan Burns (1781–1813), lecturer on surgery and anatomy at Glasgow; studied medicine in Glasgow, 1795; visited Russia, 1804; published anatomical treatises,
^ Sir George Burns , first baronet (1795–1890), shipowner; brother of John Burns; entered partnership with his brother James as general merchant at Glasgow, c. 1818; founded, 1839, with Samuel Canard, Robert Napier (1791-1876), and others Canard Company, which obtained admiralty contract for carrying North American mails; created baronet, 1889.
^ Islay Burns (1817–1872), theologian; educated at Aberdeen and Glasgow; D.D. Aberdeen, 1863; minister of Free St. Peter's, Dundee, 1843-64; professor in the Free Church College, Glasgow, 1864-72; wrote memoirs and works on church history.
^ Jabez Burns (1805–1876), temperance lecturer : a methodist; in business in Yorkshire; came to London, 1826; joined the general baptists; published his first book, 1828; pastor in Edinburgh, 1829; at Perth, 1830-6; advocate of total abstinence; pastor in Marylebone, 1835; D.D. Middletowu, 1846; baptist delegate to America, 1847; wrote sermons, devotional books, and travels.
^ James Burns (17th cent.), merchant ; baillie of Glasgow. HisMemoirs of the Civil War... 1644 to 1661 are preserved in the mutilated transcript of George Crawford.
^ James Burns (1789–1871), shipowner ; employed steam-power, 1824; a founder of the Cunard Company, 1839.
^ James Drummond Burns (1823–1864), divine; educated at Heriot's Hospital, the University, 1837, and the Free Church College, Edinburgh, 1843; Free church minister at Dunblane, 1845, at Funchal, Madeira, 18471853, and at Hampstead, 1855-64; author of hymn* and sermons.
^ John Burns (1774–1850), author of ' Principles of Midwifery 1809; studied medicine at Glasgow; surgeon's clerk in Glasgow Infirmary, 1792; M.D.; lectured on anatomy, and afterwards on midwifery; professor of surgery in Glasgow University, 1815; drowned at sea; author of medical works.
^ Robert Burns (1759–1796), poet ; son of a cottar (d. "1784); born at Alloway; educated by his father; worked as a farm-labourer, 1772; read theSpectator Pope's Homer Allan Ramsay, and pedlar's slip-songs; composed his first verses, 1776; learnt surveying, 1777, and associated with tippling smugglers at Kirkoswald; wrote Death of Poor Mailie John Barleycorn and occasional poems; read Thomson, Shenstone, Sterne, and Ossian; member of convivial, debating, and masonic clubs at Tarbolton, 1780-1; courted Ellison Begbie Mary Morison of the song), who rejected him; worked in a flaxdresser's shop at Irvine, June-December 1781; began a common-place book, 1783; farmed 118 acres in partnership with his brother Gilbert at Mossgiel, 1784-8; wrote some of his best workCottar's Saturday Night The Twa Dogs Halloween The Jolly Beggars the addressesTo a MouseandTo a Mountain Daisynud some of his sharpest satiresDeath and Dr. Hornbook (against a village grocer-druggist) andHoly Willie's Prayer(against a Mauchline elder) in 1786 and 1786; conceived the idea of sending to a magazine his Epistle to Da vie(Sillar), 1786; discovered that The Twa Herds a satire against two Culvinists, had a lively circulation in manuscript; gave Jean Armour, daughter of a Mauchline mason, a written declaration of marriage, which her father destroyed, April 1786, preferring his daughter's loss of reputation to the proposed match; obtained the poet of overseer on a Jamaica plantation, 1786, and, to provide passage-money, arranged with John Wilson, printer, Kilmarnock, for an edition of his poems; trysted with Mary Campbell, a sailor's daughter from Argyllshire, to go with him as his wife, 1786; composed after her death, in memory of her, Will ye go to the Indies, my Mary ? To Mary in H.iiven 1 (October 1789), andHighland Mary(November 17U2); liN poems f;ivourahly mentioned in Edinburgh reviews and praised personally to liurns; gained access to the literary circles by his reputation asa heavfii-taiiirht ploughman and by liis convivial power- to tin 1 iiiaMinir and drinking clubs of the capital; the second (17*7) edition of his poems undertaken by William Creech, who about 178H completed his payment of 5oo., Hums parting with the copyright; met James Johnson, projector of theScots Musical Museum to the six volumes (1787-1803) of which he contributed songs; trectul a memorial-stone to the poet Fergussou, February 1787; travelled through the border counties and Argyllshire, 1787; spent July at Mossgiel, renewing his relations with Jean Armour; returned to Kdinbnrgh in August 1787; travelled through the central highlands and the eastern counties in September, and Stirling, Clackmannan, and Kinnvs in October; began in Edinburgh a tender cor respom lence with Margaret Chalmers Peggy, and also with Agnes M'Lehose Clarinda), whose husband was abroad; decided to marry Jean Armour, an intention effected in August 1788; gave up his share in the farm at Mossgiel, lending his brother Gilbert ISO, to carry it on, and engaged Ellisland, a farm six miles from Dumfries, March 1788; lived at Ellisland, June 1788 to Decemberl79l. his wife Jean (to whom he addressed 0athe airts the wind can blaw) living for the time at Mauchline; turned his holding into a dairy-farm, to be managed by his wife, while he took an exciseman's place, about August 1789, at a salary of 40Z.; wrote * Auld Lang Syne and Tarn o Shanter c. 1789; gave up Ellisland and settled in Dumfries, December 1791, as exciseman on a salary of 701.; suspected by the government on account of the Jacobite stirnent of his songs and his freeman's sympathy with the French democracy, coming within an ace of dismissal, December 1 792; gladly accepted an invitation by George Thomson, then projecting a new collection of Scottish songs, to supply words for old melodies, 1792,Scots wha hae1793) being written for this purpose; his reputation prejudiced and health shattered by his association with the hard-drinking gentry of the district; fell asleep by the roadside after a carouse, a mischance followed by rheumatic fever; died at Dumfries. A subscription and a memorial edition of his works (1800), edited by James Carrie, provided for the immediate wants of his family. His children shared their father's independent spirit, his wife resigning a pension of 50*. as soon as they were able to support her (1818).
^ Robert Burns (1789–1869), theologian: educated at Edinburgh; minister at Paisley, 1811; joined the Free church, 1843; delegate to America, 1844; minister of Knox's church, Toronto, 1845-56; professor in Knox's (presbyterian) College, Toronto, 1866 till death: D.D.; wrote tracts on points of church history.
^ William Chalmers Burns (1815–1868), missionary; educated at Aberdeen; licentiate of the church of Scotland, 1839; revivalist preacher in Scotland, north of England, and Canada; missionary in China, 1846 till death; translated the Pilgrim's Progress into Chinese.
^ Robert Burnside (1759–1826), baptist educated at Merchant TaylorsSchool and Aberdeen University; preacher and pastor in London, 1780-1826; teacher of languages; wrote religious tracts,
^ Robert Burrant ( ft. 1553), editor of Sir David Lindsay's Tragical Death of David Beaton; translated Preceptes of Cato 1553.
^ Sir Harry Burrard (1755–1813), general; entered the army, 1772; M.P. for Lymington, 1780 served in America, 1778-9, 1781-2, in Flanders, 1793-5 and at Copenhagen, 1807; lieutenant-general, 1806 created baronet, 1807; sent to take command in Portugal 1808; allowed Arthur Wellesley, whom be had been selected to supersede, to command against the French at Vimiera (21 Aug.), but forbade pursuit after their rout; acquitted by court-martial; commanded the guards brigade in London, 18 10.
^ John Burrel or Burel (fl. 1590), poet: author of a description of James VI's queen's entry into Edinburgh, 1590; supposed to be the same with John Burrel, a goldsmith of Edinburgh, whose name occurs in a title-deed of 1628.
^ Litellus Burrell (1753–1827), major-general ; served in the Bengal army, 1770-1821, rising from the rank of volunteer-private to major-general; returned to England, 1*21.
^ Sophia Burrell , LADY (1750?–1802), dramatist ; published poems and tragedies, 1773-18UO; nie Raymond; married (1) Sir William Burrell, 1773; (2) the Rev. William Clay, 1797.
^ Sir William Burrell (1732–1796), antiquary ; educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; LL.D., 1760: advocate at DoctorsCommons, 1760; practised in the admiralty court; chancellor of Worcester, 1764, and of Rochester; M.P. for Haslemere, 1768; married, 1773 see BURRELL, SOPHIA, LADY; baronet by reversion, 1789; collected materials for a history of Sussex; lived at Deepdenc, Sussex, 1787-96; wrote law reports,
^ Christopher Burrough, traveller. See Borough
^ Edward Burrough (1634–1662), quaker ; became a presbyterian; joiaed the quakers, 1652; travelling minister in Scotland and north of England; wrote tracte while in prison. 1653; preached in London and Bristol, 1654; expelled from Ireland, 1656; imprisoned for refusing oath of abjuration, 1656; vindicated the quakere against John Bunyan, 1657; pleaded lor toleration with Oliver Cromwell. 1657, and Richard Cromwell, 1658 at Dunkirk, 1669; begged Charles II to protect the persecuted quakers in New England, 1660: visited Bristol, 1662; died in Newgate prison; published pamphlets. vii. 4431
^ Sir James Burrough (1691–1764), amateur architect; educated at Bury St. Edmunds and Oaius College, Cambridge; B.A., 1711; fellow, 1738; master, 1764-64; esquire bedell, 1727; knighted, 1754; consulted or employed on most Cambridge buildings of his day; an advocate of the classical style in architecture,
^ Sir James Burrough (1750–1839), judge; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1773; recorder of Portsmouth; knighted, 1816: justice of the common pleas, 1816-29.
^ Stephen Burrough (1525–1584). See Borough.
^ William Burrough (1536–1599). See Borough.
^ Jeremiah Burroughes or Borroughs (1599-1646), congregational divine: M.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1624; puritan rector of Tivetshall, Norfolk, 1631-6; minister at Rotterdam, 1637-41; preacher at Stepney and Cripplegate, 1641 till death; member of Westminster Assembly, 1643; presented the congregatioualist case to parliament, 1644; wrote devotional and controversial treatises.
^ Sir John Burroughs (d. 1643).
^ Joseph Burroughs (1685–1761), baptist minister; educated at Leyden; preacher and pastor in London, 1714-61; published sermons.
^ Edward John Burrow (1785–1861), miscellaneous writer; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1808; D.D. Trinity College, Oxford, 1820; incumbent of Bempton, Yorkshire, 1810-16, and of Hampstead chapel-of-ease, 1816-23; civil chaplain at Gibraltar, 1835; archdeacon of Gibraltar, 1842; resided latterly in Devonshire; published treatises on shells, art (including theElgin Marbles 1817 and 1837), and theology.
^ Sir James Burrow (1701–1782), editor of law reports, 1756-80; master of the crown office; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1725; knighted, 1773.
^ Reuben Burrow (1747–1792), mathematician; a small farmer's son; clerk and, subsequently, usher in London; kept school at Portsmouth; assistant at Greenwich Observatory, 1770; opened a school in Greenwich; mathematical teacher at the Tower, 1776 ?; edited Carnan's Ladies... Almanack 1775-82; employed in teaching and survey work in Bengal, 1782-92; published 'A Restitution of... Apollonius Pergaeus on Inclinations 1779.
^ John Freckleton Burrowes (1787–1852) composer; organist of St. James's, Piccadilly; published text-books on music.
^ Peter Burrowes (1753–1841), Irish politician ; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; barrister of the Middle Temple, 17S5: M.P. for Enniscorthy in the Irish parliament: opposed the union; counsel for Robert Emmet, 1803; judge of insolvent debtors' court, 1821.
^ Sir George Burrows, first baronet (1801–1887), physician; studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; B.A. Oaius College, Cambridge, 1825; M.D., 1831: D.C.L.,1872; junior fellow and mathematical lecturer, 1825-35; studied medicine on continent; lecturer on medical jurisprudence at St. Bartholomew's, 1834; lecturer on medicine, 1841; physician, 1841-63; F.R.O.P., 1832, and president, 18711875: F.R.S., 1846; LL.D. Cambridge, 1881; physician in ordinary to Queen Victoria, 1873; created baronet, 1874; honorary fellow of Caius College, 1880; published medical writings.
^ George Man Burrows (1771–1846), physician ; studied medicine and practised in London; kept a private asylum after 1816; M.D. St. Andrews, 1824; agitated for improving medical education; wrote on insanity.
^ Sir John Cordy Burrows (1813–1876), surgeon; apprenticed in Suffolk; studied in London; practised in Brighton, 1837; knighted, 1873; promoted public improvements in Brighton.
^ Robert Burscough (1651–1709), divine; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1682; prebendary of Exeter, 1701; archdeacon of Barnsteple, 1703; author of works of controversial divinity.
^ Albin R. Burt (d. 1842), engraver and portrait painter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1830.
^ Edward Burt (d. 1755), author of 'Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland (printed, 1754); employed by General Wade in Scotland, 1724-8.
^ William Burt (1778–1826), miscellaneous writer; educated at Exeter; solicitor's apprentice at Bridgwater; solicitor and journalist at Plymouth; wrote on various topics, including banking and politics.
^ Richard Burthogge (1638?-1694?), theologian; educated at Exeter grammar school; B.A. Oxford, 1658; M.D. Leyden, 1662; practised medicine at Bowden; published philosophical and theological treatises, in one of which he anticipated Hamilton's doctrine of the relativity of knowledge.

[1] Charles Brown (d. 1753), naval officer; entered the navy about Ii;;i3: received his first command, ITni; served in the Baltic and the Mediterranean; distinguished 1,1,11-. !i at Portobello, 1739; commissioner of the navy at Chatham, 1711.

[2] Charles Armitage Brown (1786–1842), friend of Keats; in Imsines.- at St. Petersburg till 1810; inhumed a competency, mid devoted him-elf to literature; met Ke.its before September, 1H17; travelled with him in Scotland, IM*.:md made him an inmate of his house at H.unpsteiid till 1H2(J; in Italy, 1822-35; lectured on Kratand shake-peare; went to New Zealand, 1841. From him Keats learned Ariotto. His papers about Keats were of oe to Lonl Hough ton in his life of the poet. He published a work on the personal interpretation of ShakeM t. 1838.

[3] Charles Philip Brown (1798–1884), Telugu scholar; son of David Brown (1763-1812) Centered Madr.i-; fivil service, 1817; postmaster-general and Telegu translator to the Madras government, 1846-55; professor of Telugu in University College, London; published Telugu grammar, dictionary, and reader, and other liiuruistic works.

[4] David Brown (ft. 1795), landscape-painter; painted copies of George Morland's works; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1792-7; taught drawing in the country.

[5] David Brown (1763–1812), Bengal chaplain ; educate! at Cambridge; went to Calcutta, 1786; zealous in the cause of missions.

[6] Ford Madox Brown (1821–1893), painter ; born at Calais; studied art at Bruges, Ghent, and Antwerp; exhibitedThe Giaour's Confessionat English Royal Academy, 1841; studied in Paris, 1843-4; exhibited cartoon, Bringing Body of Harold to the Conqueror at Westminster Hall, 1844; studied in Rome, 1845; accepted Dante Gabriel Rossetti as pupil, 1848, and thus came into contact with pre-Raphaelites, by whom his work was gradually influenced; executed panels for town-hall, Manel iester, illustrating history of that city, 1878; one of the founders of Hogarth Club; a leading member, 1861-74, of firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., manufacturers of artistic furniture, founded by William Morris

[7] George Brown , or Gregory in religion (d. 1628), an English Benedictine; died in France.

[8] George Brown (1650–1730), arithmetician; minister of Stranraer, and, 1680, of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire; invented a method of teaching the simple rules of arithmetic, which he explained in his Rotula Arithmetical 1700; wrote other arithmetical works.

[9] Sir George Brown (1790–1865), general ; ensign, 1806; served with distinction in the Peninsula; lieutenant-colonel, 1HH; after many stuff appointments, beoame lieutenant-general, lKfl; K.C.B., 1 852: commanded the Ufht division in the Crimea, and the English contingent against Kertch, 1865; commander-in-chief in Ireland. IHUO-fi.

[10] George Brown (1818-18SD), Canadian politician; son of Peter Brown; publisher and business manager of -British Chroniclein New York; founded Globe political journal at Toronto, in support of reform party; abandoned reform party and became extreme radical member for county of Kent in Canadian legislative assembly, 1851; member for Lambton county, 1854, Toronto, 1867-61, and South Oxford, 1863-7; formed (1858) ministry, which lasted for four days; president of council, 1864; member of senate, 1873, refused the honour of K.O.M.G., 1879; died from effects of shot fired by discharged employe at Globe * office.

[11] George Hilary Brown (1786–1866), Roman catholic prelate; professor of theology at Ushaw; missioner at Lancaster; vicar-apostolic of the Lancashire district, titular bishop of Tloa, 1840; Roman catholic bishop of Liverpool, 1860; D.D.

[12] Gilbert Brown (d. 1612), Scottish catholic divine; a Cistercian; abbot of New Abbey, Kirkcudbright; an influential opponent of the Reformation in the southwest of Scotland, 1578-94; imprisoned, 1605; died in exile at Paris; published controversial tracts,

[13] Hugh Stowell Brown (1823–1886), baptist minister; eon of Robert Irown. 1846); employed in ordnance surveys in Cheshire, Shrewsbury, and York; entered London and IiriniiiL'ham Railway Company's works, 1840; baptist minister at Stony Stratford, 1847-86; president of Baptist Union, 1878; published lectures.

[14] Ignatius Brown (1630–1679), Roman catholic writer; of Irish parentage; educated in Spain; rector of Jesuit college at Poitiers, 1676; confessor to queen of Spain; died at Vallndolid; published controversial tracte.

[15] James Brown (1709–1788), orientalist ; educated at Westminster School; resident in the Levant, 1722-5, acquiring Turkish and modern Greek; projected a trade directory for London, 1732, afterwards carried out by Henry Kent; in 1741 travelled through Russia to Reshd in Persia, where he established a factory; returned to London, 1746; compiled a Persian dictionary and grammar, never published.

[16] James Brown (1812–1881), Roman catholic prelate; professor at Oscott; president of Sedgeley Park academy; bishop of Shrewsbury, 1851; showed great energy in his diocese; D.D.

[17] scellaneous writer: called to bar at Inner Temple, 1816; judge of requests at Oldham, 1840; wrote memoir of Howard the philanthropist, and works on the penal laws.

[18] James Baldwin Brown , the younger (1820-1884), congregational divine: eldest son of James Baldwin Brown the elder; one of the first graduates of London University; congregational minister at Derby, 1843, and in London, 1846; famous for his liberal theological views both in the pulpit and in the press; published theological treatises.

[19] John Brown (d. 1532), sergeant painter to Henry VIII; employed chiefly as an heraldic painter: alderman of London, 1522-5; gave his house to be a hall for the company of Painter Staiuers.

[20] John Brown (1610?–1679), of Wamphray, Scottish ecclesiastic; educated at Edinburgh; minister of Wamphray, Dumfries, 1656; ejected, 1662, and banished; minister of the Scottish church at Rotterdam; published doctrinal and historical treatises.

[21] John Brown (1627?–1685), the 'Christian carrier' ; one of the most famous of the covenanter martyrs; a small farmer and carrier at Priestfield, Ayrshire; shot by order of Claverhouse at his own door and in his wife's presence.

[22] John Brown (d. 1736), chemist; F.R.S., 1722; published discoveries in chemistry.

[23] John Brown (1715-1766), author of the Estimate; educated at Wigton and St. John's Oollww, Cambridge; H.A., 1735; minor canon of Carlisle and a whig preacher; rector of Great Horkesley, Essex, 1756, and of St. Nicholas, Newcastle, 17C1; gained the friendship of Warburton by an Kssay upon Satire published in Dodsloy's miscellanies; wrote an essay (1751) on Shaftesbury's Characteristics which is memorable for its clear statement of utilitariaiiism; brought into repute hv his Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times 1757; committed suicide on being forbidden by the doctors to go to St. Petersburg, where he hoped for a liigh educational post; published numerous tragedies, epics, odes, sermons, essays.

[24] John Brown (1722–1787), of Haddington, biblical commentator; as a herd-boy taught himself Latin, Greek, and Hebrew; at one time a pedlar; served as a soldier in the Edinburgh garrison, 1746; taught school in Kinrossshire and Midlothian: joined the Burgher church, 1747; minister to the Burgher congregation at Haddington, 1760-87; acted as professor of divinity to Burgher students after 1768; published an explanation of the Westminster ( Vmfession of Faith, 1758. His Self-interpreting Bible 1778, a plain commentary for the people, became immensely popular.

[25] John Brown (1735–1788), medical reformer ; son of a Berwickshire labourer; educated at Dunse school; became a private tutor at Edinburgh; enabled to complete his medical course by the liberality of the Edinburgh medical professors, Monro and Cullen; vigorously attacked their system in his tutorial lectures, alleging that most diseases were due to weakness, and that their practice of blood-letting was erroneous; incurred the hostility of the faculty in Edinburgh; compelled to take his M.D. degree from St. Andrews, 1779; in consequence of debt and other troubles left Edinburgh for London in 1786. His Klcineuta Medicinae 1780, setting forth his views, had made him famous, and he was gaining a good practice in London, when he was cut off by apoplexy. His ideas have since been generally adopted.

[26] John Brown (d. 1829), miscellaneous writer ; published a History of Bolton 1825; went to London to advocate the claims of his friend, Samuel Crompton, the inventor; committed suicide in despair at his want of success in life.

[27] John Brown (1754–1832), of Whitburn, Scottish divine; eldest son of John Brown (1722-1787); educated at Edinburgh; minister of the Burgher church at Whitburn, Liulithgowshire, 1776-1832: wrote memoirs of James Hervey, 1806, and many religious treatises.

[28] John Brown (1778–1848), of Langton, theologian ; minister of Langton, Berwickshire, 1810; D.D. Glasgow, 1815; joined the Free church in 1843; wrote in defence of presbyterian orders and church government,

[29] John Brown (1784–1858), of Edinburgh, divine ; eldest son of John Brown (1754-1832); educated at Edinburgh; taught school in Fife; minister of the Burgher church at Biggar, 1806, and of the Relief church at Edinburgh, 1822; D.D., 1830; professor of exegetics in the Relief college, 1834, and in the United Presbyterian College, 1847; wrote expositions of several epistles, and many religious treatises.

[30] John Brown (1780–1859), geologist; apprenticed as stonemason: abandoned his trade (1830) for geological study; contributed to scientific journals.

[31] John Brown (1797–1861), geographer; midshipman in the East India Company's service till 1819; afterwards a wealthy diamond merchant; advocated Arctic exploration and the search for Sir John Franklin.

[32] John Brown (1810–1882), essayist; son of John Brown (1784-1858); educated at Edinburgh High School and University; M.D., 1833; practised in Edinburgh with success till his death; published Horae Subsecivae three volumes of essays, 1858-82, and Rab and his Friends 1859.

[33] Sir John Brown (1816–1896), pioneer of armourplate manufacture; apprenticed to factor at Fargate; manager of business, 1831; invented conical steel spring buffer for railway wagons, 1848; opened Atlas Steel Works, Sheffield, 1856; originated use of rolled steel armour plating for war vessels, 1860, and his method was approved by royal commission, 1863; knighted, 1867.

[34] John Crawford Brown (1805–1867), landscape-painter; travelled in Holland and Spain.

[35] John Wright Brown (1836–1863), botanist ; of Edinburgh; student of Scottish flora.

[36] Joseph Brown (1784–1868), physician: army surgeon in Wellington's campaigns; M.D. Edinburgh, 1819; practised in Sunderland: wrote on medical subjects.

[37] Lancelot Brown (1715–1783), reviver of the natural style of landscape-gardening; laid out gardens at Kew and Blenheim; architect of many country j houses; high sheriff of Huntingdon, 1770; known as Capability Brown

[38] Levinius Brown (1671–1764), Jesuit; educated at St. ( inier and Rome; resided at Ladyholt, Sussex, 1700, where he was a friend of Alexander Pope; rector of the English college at Rome, 1723-31; provincial, 1733: rector of Liege College, 1737; spent his last years at St. Omer.

[39] Oliver Madox Brown (1856–1874), novelist and painter in water-colours; son of Ford Madox Brown q. T.I: first exhibited, 1869; publishedGabriel Denver his first novel, 1873. Other novels are contained in his 4 Literary Remains 1876.

[40] Peter Brown (1784–1863), Canadian journalist; went to New York, 1838, and founded British Chronicle newspaper; removed to Toronto, 1843, and renamed paper The Banner which became organ of Free church of Scotland in Canada.

[41] Philip Brown (d. 1779), botanist; medical practitioner in Manchester; collected foreign plants.

[42] Rawdon Lubbock Brown (1803–1883), historical student; resided in Venice, 1833-83, making careful researches among the Venetian archives, especially among the reports sent home by the Venetian ambassadors in London. His Calendar of State Papers... in the Archives of Venice is indispensable for the study of English history from 1202 to 1558. In addition he wrote historical works in English and Italian.

[43] Sir Richard Brown (d. 1669). See Browne.

[44] Robert Brown (d. 1753), painter; assisted Sir James Thornhill in painting the cupola of St. Paul's; painted altar-pieces in several London churches. Some of his pictures have been engraved.

[45] Sir Robert Brown (d. 1760), diplomatist; merchant in Venice and British resident till 1734; created baronet, 1732; M.P. for Ilchester, 1734; a noted miser.

[46] Robert Brown (1757–1831), writer on agriculture; a Haddington farmer; published Treatise on Rural Affairs 1811, and other works.

[47] Robert Brown (d. 1846), divine; chaplain of St. Matthew's chapel, Douglas, 1817; vicar of Kirk Braddan, 1836-46.

[48] Robert Brown (1773–1858), botanist; educated at Aberdeen and Edinburgh; studied flora of Scotland, 1791; army official in Ireland, 1795, and London, 1798; naturalist to Captain Flinders's Australasian expedition, 1801-5; librarian to the Linnean Society, and to Sir Joseph Banks; published Prodromus Flora Novae Hollandiae et insulae Van-Diemen 1810; D.C.L. Oxford, 1832; eminent for his investigations into the impregnation of plants.

[49] Robert Brown (1842–1895), geographical compiler; B.A. Edinburgh, 1860; studied at Leyden, Copenhagen, and Rostock; Ph.D. Rostock; botanist to British Columbia expedition, and commander of Vancouver expedition, 1864; travelled widely, 1861-9; lecturer in natural history in high school and Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh, 1869-76; removed to London, 1876; compiled several popular geographical works and published scientific and other volumes. He was F.L.S., and on council of Royal Geographical Society.

[50] Samuel Brown (fl. 1700), surgeon at Madras; collector of Indian plants.

[51] Sir Samuel Brown (1776–1852), engineer; naval officer, 1795; commander, 1811; captain, 1812: knighted, 1838; devised an improved method of chain-links for shipcables and suspension bridges.

[52] Samuel Brown (1817–1856), chemist; M.D. Edinburgh, 1839; devoted himself to chemical research; wrote on the atomic theory.

[53] Samuel Brown (1810–1875), statist ; an actuary by profession; advocated uniformity of coinage and weights and measures; joint-editor of the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries

[54] Stephen Brown (fl. 1340?), theologian ; supposed to have been born at Aberdeen; a Carmelite monk, and reputed author of several theological pieces. His identity is doubtful. Stephen Brown, bishop of Ross in Ireland, 1399, was a different person.

[55] Thomas Brown (fl. 1170), officer of the Exchequer. See Thomas.

[56] shop of Rochester, 1485, and of Norwich, 1436; ambassador to France, 1439.

[57] Thomas Brown (fl. 1570), translator ; of Lincoln's Inn; translated the Nobilitas Literata of Sturmius.

[58] Thomas Brown (1663–1704), satirist; entered Christ Church, Oxford, 1678, where he wrote the famous I do not love thee, Dr. Fell and other verses, Latin and English; taught school at Kinston-ou-Thames; afterwards settled in London as a hack writer and translator; fertile in satirical verse.-; wrote against Dryden, Durfey, Titus Oates, Sir Richard Blackmore. His collected works appeared in 1707.

[59] Thomas Brown (1778–1820), the last of the Scottish school of metaphysicians; educated iu London and at Edinburgh University; a disciple of Dugald Stewart; criticised Erasmus Darwin's Zoonomia, 1798; studied medicine at Kdiutmrgh, 1798-1803, and practised there, IHUC; wrote philosophical tracts, and tried to obtain a chair in the university; elected professor of moral philosophy, 1810; became au extremely popular lecturer; published poetry and essays. His Lectures were once hiphly esteemed, but were severely criticised by Sir William Hamilton.

[60] Thomas Edward Brown (1830–1897), Manx poet; son of Robert Brown (d. 1846); educated at King William's College, Isle of Man, and Christ Church, Oxford; B.A., 1853; fellow of Oriel, 1864-8; M.A., 185(5; master of King William's College and viceprincipal, 1858-61; head-master of Crypt School, Gloucester, 1861-4; second master at Clifton, 1864-93; curate of St. Barnabas, Bristol, 1884-93. He published Fo'c'sle Yarns 1881, and other tales in verse in Manx dialect appeared in subsequent years. A collected edition of his poems was issued, 1900.

[61] Thomas Joseph Brown (1798–1880), Roman catholic prelate; Benedictine monk, 1813; professor of theology at Downside, 1823-41; took prominent part in controversies both in the press and on the platform, 1'SO; D.D., 1834; titular bishop of Apollonia, 1840, and in charge of the Welsh district; bishop of Newport and Meuevia, I860.

[62] Ulysses Maximilian von Brown or Browne (1705–1757), count, baron de Camus and Mountany ; Austrian general; of Irish extraction; entered the Austrian service early and rose rapidly; colonel of infantry, 1734; distinguished himself at the battle of Piacenza and the operations round Genoa, and advanced as far as Toulon, 1743-8; field-marshal, 1753; accepted second command in Bohemia, and died of wounds received before Prague.

[63] William Brown (d. 1814), rear-admiral ; lieutenant R.N., 1788; commander, 1792; captain, 1793; commanded the Ajax in the action off Cape Finisterre, 22 July 1805, and was partly to blame for its indecisive character; commissioner of dockyards; rear-admiral, 1812; appointed to the Jamaica station, 1813.

[64] William Brown (1766–1835), historical writer; D.D. Aberdeen, 1816; minister of Eskdalemuir, Dumfries, 1792-1835; wrote Antiquities of the Jews 1826.

[65] William Brown (1777-1857), admiral in the Argentina service; born in Ireland; taken to America as a boy; went to sea, and was pressed into the English navy, 1796; captain of a merchantman; settled at Buenos Ayres, 1812; accepted naval command, 1814, and defeated two Spanish squadrons; privateer against the Spaniards; defeated a Brazilian fleet in the La Plata, 1826 and 1827, but was then overpowered by superior force; blockaded Monte Video, 1842-5.

[66] Sir William Brown (1784–1864), benefactor to Liverpool; engaged in the~linen-trade at Baltimore, and opened a branch office in Liverpool, 1809; afterwards an Anglo- American banker; alderman of Liverpool, 1831; advocate of free tradeand the volunteer movement; M.P. for South Lancashire, 1846-59; erected free public library and Derby museum at Liverpool, 1860; created baronet, 1863.

[67] William Laurence Brown (1755–1830), theological writer; educated at St. Andrews and Utrecht; minister of the English church, Utrecht, 1778, and professor; of philosophy and church history there, 1788; D.D. St. Andrews, 1784; professor of divinity, Aberdeen; principal of Aberdeen University, 1796; wrote theological treatises.

[68] Thomas Robson Brownbill (1822?–1864). See Robson.

[69] Alexander Browne (fl. 1660), miniature painter, engraver, and printseller; published Ars Pictoria 1675.

[70] Sir Anthony Browne (d. 1548), politician; knighted, 1523; esquire of the body to Henry VIII, 1524; ambassador to Franco, 1528 and 1533; master of the horse, 1539; K.G., 1540; justice in eyre, 1545; named guardian to Prince Edward and Princess Elizabeth. He received Battle Abbey, 1538, and other large grants of church lands and manors, and was a great builder. Cowdray, Sussex, and other large estates, he inherited from his half-brother, the Earl of Southampton, 1543.

[71] Anthony Browne (1510?–1567), judge; reader of the Middle Temple, 1553; active in prosecution of puritans in Essex, 1554; serjeant-at-law, 1555; chiefjustice of the common pleas, 1558; reduced to the place of puisne justice, 1559, for refusing to cede his official patronage to Queen Elizabeth; knighted, 1666.

[72] Anthony Browne, first Viscount Montague (1526-1592), eldest son of Sir Anthony Browne (d. 1548); a staunch Roman catholic, but of unquestioned loyalty both to Edward VI and to Elizabeth, though stoutly opposing in parliament the acts of supremacy and allegiance, 1559 and 1562; knighted, 1547; imprisoned for recusancy, 1551; entertained Edward VI at Cowdray, Sussex, 1562; created Viscount Montague, 1654, made master of the horse, and sent on an embassy to the pope; lieutenant-general at St. Quentin, 1557; ambassador to Spain, 1561; on the commission which tried Mary Queen of Scots, 1587; entertained Elizabeth at Cowdray, 1591.

[73] Arthur Browne (1756?–1805), Irish lawyer; born in New England; of Irish parentage; educated at Harvard and Trinity College, Dublin, where he was elected junior fellow, 1777; LL.D., 1784; senior fellow, 1795-1805; became regius professor of law in Dublin, 1785; several times professor of Greek; practised at the Irish bar; last prime serjeant 1802; M.P. for Dublin University in the Irish parliament, 1783-1800; advocated the union; wrote on legal and miscellaneous subjects.

[74] David Browne (fl. 1638), writer on penmanship; published at St. Andrews The New Invention, intituled Calligraphia 1622.

[75] Edward Browne (1644–1708), physician and traveller; eldest son of Sir Thomas Browne (1605-1682); educated at Norwich grammar school and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.B., 1663; attended lectures in London; travelled in Italy, Holland, Austria, Hungary, North Greece, and the Low Countries, 1668-73; settled as a practitioner in London, 1675; president, Royal College of Physicians, 1704. His collected travels appeared in 1685.

[76] Edward Browne (d. 1730), quaker; native of Cork, and subsequently a wealthy merchant in Sunderland.

[77] Edward Harold Browne (1811–1891), bishop of Ely and of Winchester; educated at Eton and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; M.A., 1836; D.D., 1864; fellow, 1837-40; accepted charge of Holy Trinity, Stroud, 1840; vice-principal of St. David's College, Lampeter, 1843-9; prebendary of Exeter, 1849; vicar of Heavitree, Exeter, and canon of Exeter, 1857; bishop of Ely, 1864-73, and of Winchester, 1873-90; published religious writings.

[78] Felicia Dorothea Browne (1793–1835). See Hemans.

[79] George Browne (d. 1556), archbishop of Dublin; the chief instrument of Henry VIII in the Irish reformation; provincial of the Austin Friars, 1534; archbishop of Dublin, 1536; spoke in the Irish parliament in favour of Henry VIII's ecclesiastical supremacy, and obtained for the king a grant of the first-fruits of the Irish abbeys; travelled widely, publishing the royal injunctions and collecting first-fruits; hated by the clergy and by most of the Irish council; in disfavour; took a leading part in introducing the first English prayer-book in Ireland, 1550; made by patent primate of Ireland; at Mary's accession deprived of the primacy and deposed from his archbishopric as being a married man; D J).

[80] George, Count de Browne (1698–1792), soldier of fortune; educated at Limerick; took service with the elector palatine; transferred himself to the Russian service, 1730; taken prisoner and enslaved by the Turks; served in Finland and against the Swedes; contributed materially to the victories of Kollin, 1757, and Zorndorf, 1758; field-marshal; governor of Livonia.

[81] Hablot Knight Browne (1815–1882), watercolour painter and book-illustrator; known as Phiz.; apprenticed to an engraver, and subsequently opened a studio; illustrated Charles Dickens's Sunday as it is by Timothy Sparks. 1 13, and the Pickwick Papers taking the pseudonym Phi-? to match the author's pseudonym Boz; fond of horses, hunting, and water-colour painting; a prolific illustrator, especially of novels by Dickens, Lever, and Ainsworth.

[82] Henry Browne (1804–1875), classical and biblical scholar; M.A. Cambridge, 1830; principal of Chichester Theological College, 1842-7; rector of Pevensey, Sussex, 1884-75; published classical text-books and treatises on biblical chronology.

[83] Isaac Hawkins Browne, the elder (1705–1760), wit and poet: educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; barrister of Lincoln's Inn; M.P. for Wenlock, 1744-54; his conversational powers praised by Samuel Johnson; wrote poems, some of which are distinguished by their sprightly humour.

[84] Isaac Hawkins Browne , the younger (1745–1818), essayist; son of Isaac Hawkins Browne the elder S; educated at Westminster and Hertford College, xford; D.O.L., 1773; M.P. for Bridgnorth, 1784-1812; published essays on moral and religious subjects,

[85] Browne or Brown (1616–1685), theologian; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1638; chaplain in the army of the parliament; his Antichrist in Spirit answered by George Fox.

[86] James Browne (1793–1841), journalist and historian; educated at St. Andrews University; minister of the church of Scotland; Scottish advocate; finally settled in Edinburgh as a journalist; LL.D. St. Andrews. His works include a History of the Highlands 1835.

[87] John Browne (1642–1700?), surgeon; served as naval surgeon; surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, 1683-91, and to Charles II and William III; author of anatomical and surgical treatises.

[88] John Browne (1741–1801), engraver of landscapes; pupil of John Tinney and William Woollett.

[89] John Browne (1823–1886), nonconformist historian; B.A. London. 1843; uiiif ler at Lowestoft, 1844-6, and Wrentharn, Suffolk, 1H48-8C; published History of Congregationalism 1H77, and other works.

[90] John Browne (d. 1706). physician; libelled Queen Anne's administration, 1706; wrote and lectured against Harvey's theory of the circulation of the blood.

[91] Joseph Browne (1700-1767), provost of Queen's College. Oxford, 1756; rector of Bramshot, Hampshire, and professor of natural philosophy at Oxford, 1746-67.

[92] Lancelot Browne (d. 1605), physician; educated at Cambridge; M.D., 1576; F.R.C.P., 1584; physician to Queen Elizabeth and James I.

[93] Lyde Browne , the elder (d. 1787), virtuoso; director of the Bank of England; possessed a famous cabinet of Greek and Roman art treasures at Wimbledon.

[94] Lyde Browne, the younger (d. 1803), lieutenant-colonel; entered the army, 1777; lieutenant-colonel, 1800; shot by Emmet's mob in Dublin.

[95] Moses Browne 1 1704–1787), chief poetical contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine; pen-cutter; and subsequently vicar of Olney. 1753; wrote poems, including Piscatory Eclogues 1729, and sermons.

[96] Patrick Browne (1720?–1790), naturalist; visited Antigua, 1737; studied science in Paris, and at Leyden; M.D., 1743; settled in Jamaica; published Civil and Natural History of Jamaica 1756, and other zoological works.

[97] Peter Browne (d. 1735), divine; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1692; provost, 1699; bishop of Cork and Ross, 1710; published theological tractates.

[98] Sir Richard Browne (d. 1669), parliamentary general and a leader of the presbyterian party; officer of the London trained bands; sent to disarm the Kentish royalists, 1642; present at the siege of Winchester; suppressed Kentish rising, 1643: fought at Alresford, 1644; major-general with task of reducing the Oxford district, 1644; present at the surrender of Oxford, 1646; a commissioner to receive Charles from the Scots, 1647; present at the seizure of Charles at Holmby, and afterwards favourable to the king; M.P. for Wycombe, but expelled by the influence of the army, 1648, and imprisoned for five years; excluded from parliament for refusing the engagement 1656; M.P. for London in Richard Cromwell's parliament; privy to Sir George Booth's rising, 1659; intrigued for the recall of Charles II; knighted; lord mayor of London, 1660, and made a baronet for suppressing Vernier's rising.

[99] Sir Richard Browne (1605–1683), diplomatist; educated at Merton College, Oxford; travelled in France; clerk of the council, 1641-72; resident at the French court for Charles I and Charles II, 1641-60; provided in Paris a chapel for Anglican services, a home for Anglican divines, and a cemetery for protestauts; created baronet, 1649; returned to England, 1660.

[100] Richard Browne or Brown (d. 1674–1694), physician: educated at Queen's College, Oxford; M.D. Leydeii, 1675; published medical treatises.

[101] Robert Browne (1550?–1633?), separatist; regarded as the founder of Congregationalism; was connected with several families of influence, particularly with Cecil, Lord Burghley; B.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1572, that college being then notoriously puritan in sympathies; probably ordained about 1573; taught school in London, and preached at Islington without episcopal licence; preached constantly in villages near Cambridge, and in Cambridge itself, c. 1578, denouncing the parochial system and ordination, whether by bishops or by presbytery; destroyed a licence to preach which his brother had obtained for him from the bishop of Ely, and j was then inhibited: went to Norwich r. 1580, and, with i Robert Harrison, ejected a congregation, which they j called the church but which was popularly known as ithe Brpwniste imprisoned by the bishop of Norwich I for seditious preaching at Bury St. Edmunds, 1581, but I set free by Burgbley, who also delivered him from the i primate; emigrated to Middleburg with his followers, 1581, whence he issued books, the circulation of which in England was punished by death; quarrelled with Harrison, 1583, and was followed by four families to Scotland, where he was atrain imprisoned; imprisoned on his return to England, 1594; began preac.hin.tr at Northampton, 1586; excommunicated by the bishop of Peterborough for ignoring a citation; submitted to the bishop, and became master of Stamford grammar school, 1586; rector of Achurch, Northamptonshire, 1591-1631; lived in Northampton gaol, to which he had been sent for an assault committed in a characteristic outbreak of temper.

[102] Samuel Browne (1575?–1632), divine; M.A. All Souls, Oxford, 1605; minister of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury; published tracts.

[103] Samuel Browne (d. 1668), judge; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1623; M.P. for Clifton, Devonshire, 1640; an active member of the Commons committee for the impeachment of Laud, 1644; one of the commissioners to treat with Charles in the Isle of Wight, 1648; serjeant-at-law, 1648; justice of the common pleas and knighted, 1660.

[104] Simon Browne (1680–1732), congregationalist ; pastor at Portsmouth, and (1716-23) in the Old Jewry, London; published hymns and sermons.

[105] Theophilus Browne (1763–1836), Unitarian; I fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1785; vicar of Oherry i Hiuton, Cambridgeshire, 1793, but resigned on adopting unitarianism; Unitarian minister at Warminstcr, 1800, Norwich, 1809, Congleton, 1812, and Gloucester, 1816-23; published theological treatises.

[106] Thomas Browne (c. 1535-1585), head-master of Westminster School, 1564-70; educated at Ktn,-ui.l Kind's, Cumt.iriilt.a-; H.D., 1 !;.; n-c-tor.itDuntou-Waylett, i Li-.inard, Foster Lam-, London, 1567, and of Chelsea, 1571; author of occasional poems,

[107] Thomas Browne or Brown (1604?–1673), divine; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1620; B.D.; domestic chaplain to Archbishop Laud, 1637; canon of Windsor, 1639; rector of St. Mary Aldermary, London, and of Oddington, Oxfordshire; took refuge in Holland; recovered his benefices, 1660; published sermons.

[108] Sir Thomas Browne (1605–1682), physician and author; educate! at Winchester and Broadgate Hall, niord; M.A., Hii"J: praottfled medicine in Oxford-hire; -tudiil imiliciiif at Montpelller aiulPoilna; M.D. Leydcn, lt;;W; Incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1637; sett. It il in ,-h, h;:7, and practised physic; expressed I lis belief in witchcraft at a trial of witches at Bury St. Edmunds, knighted in 1671, on occasion of a royal visit to Norwich. Hia Ut-ligio Medici appeared without his sanction in I'M-, but was reissued with his approval in 1643, and ua-- afterwards published on the continent in Latin, , French, and German translations.Pseudodoxia (Epidemics: Enquiries into Vulgar Errors appeared in 1046, and Hydriotaphia: Urn Burial and a mystical treatise entitled The Garden of Cyrus in 1658. Communications from him are to be found in the works of John Kvelyn, William Dugdale, Christopher Merrett, John Ray, and Anthony a Wood. The best edition of his collected works is by Simon Wilkin, 1836.

[109] Thomas Browne (1672–1710), physician; son of Edward Browne (1644-1708); of Trinity College, Cambridge; MJ)., 1700; fellow of the College of Physicians, 1707.

[110] Thomas Browne (1708?-1780), herald and landsurveyor; called 'Sense Browne' to distinguish him from Lancelot Brown; Garter king-of-anns, 1774.

[111] Sir Thomas Gore Browne (1807–1887), colonel and colonial governor; ensign 28th foot, 1824; captain, 1829; major, 1834; served in first Afghan war; O.B., 1843; lieutenant-colonel, 1845; governor of St. Helena, 1851, New Zealand, 1855, and Tasmania, 1862-8; K.C.M.G., 1869; temporarily governor of Bermuda, 1870-1.

[112] William Browne (1591–1643?), poet; educated at Tavistock and Exeter College, Oxford; entered the Inner Temple, 1611; published Britannia's Pastorals book i., 1613, book ii., 1616, but book iii. remained in manuscript till 1862; contributed eclogues to The Shepheards Pipe 1614; superintended the Inner Temple masque on the story of Ulysses and Circe, 1615; returned to Oxford as tutor to the Hon. Robert Dormer, 1624, and then graduated M.A.; in the retinue of the Earl of Pembroke at Wilton. His poetry, which closely resembles Spenser, greatly influenced Milton, Keats, and Mrs. Browning. Works collected by W. Carew Hazlitt, 1868.

[113] William Browne (1628–1678), botanist; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; B.D., 1666.

[114] Sir William Browne (1692–1774), physician; M.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1714; M.D., 1721; practised medicine at Lynn, 1716-49; knighted, 1748; removed to London, 1749; president of the College of Physicians, 1765; founded the Browne medals at Cambridge; published verses and orations.

[115] William Browne (1748–1825), gem and seal engraver; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1770-1823; chiefly employed by the courts of Russia and France.

[116] William George Browne (1768–1813), oriental traveller; B.A. Oxford, 1789; went to Egypt in 1792, a?jd to Darfur, 1793-6; returned to England, 1798, by way of Syria and Constantinople; published narrative of his travels, 1800; travelled in Turkey and the Levant, 1800-2; set out for Tartary, 1812, travelling through Asia Minor and Armenia, but was murdered near Tabriz in Persia, 1813.

[117] Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861), poetess; the name of Barrett adopted by her father, originally nnmed Moultou on succeeding to an estate; road Homer in Greek and wrote vr-r-c- at the aie ofeitrht; her -pine injured by a fall at the;ILT; titu-en. in consequence of which lor many years she was compelled to lie on her back; published her Essay on Mind 1826, and in 1H33,Prometheus Bound her rir-t volume of poems; con-tantly wrote prose and verse from this time onwards; met Hubert InmniiiL IhliS; married him, 1846, and went with him through France to Florence, where they mainly resided till her death. She took a keen interest in Italy and the Italian struggle for freedom.

[118] John Browning (. 1684), divine; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; H.D., 1577; censured for heretical preaching, 1572; D.I). Oxford, 1580, and incorporated D.D. at Cambridge, 1581; an vice-master of Trinity, tried to eject the master for marrying, 1584, but was by him expelled from his fellowship.

[119] John Browning (ft. 1634), divine and author.

[120] Robert Browning (1812–1889), poet; son of Robert Browning, a clerk in the Bank of England; educated at a school at Peckham, and by a private tutor; studied Greek at University College, London, 1829-30; displayed in early years some power of musical composition and wrote settings for a number of sough; published Pauline 1832; first visited Italy, 1834: produced (1855) Paracelsus which attracted the friendly notice of Carlyle, Leigh Hunt, Wordsworth, Dickens, and other men of letters; published a tragedy, Strafford which was played at Co vent Garden by Macready and Helen Faucit, 18:57; published Bordello 1840;Bells and Pomegranates (comprising Pippa Passes 1841,A Blot in theScutcheon performed at Drury Lane, 1843, by Phelps and Helen Faucit, Luria andA Soul's Tragedy 1846, and other pieces, eight in all), 1841-6; made acquaintance, 1845, of Elizabeth Barrett Moulton Barrett see BROWNING, ELIZABETH BARRETT, whom he married, 1846; lived at Pisa, 1846-; and at Florence, 1847-51, and returned to England, 1851; in Paris, 1851-2; lived in Italy, staying chietly at Florence, from 1852 till 1856; returned (1866) to Italy, living for the most part at Home and Florence, where Mrs. Browning died, 1861; in 1861 Browning settled in London, but frequently revisited Italy in later life; publishedDramatis Persons 1864; honorary M.A. Oxford, 1868; made acquaintance, 1868, of George Smith, who became his publisher and intimate friend; published, in four successive installments, 1868-9,The Ring and the Book the rewriting of which had occupied him since 1862; published Balaustion's Adventure andPrince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 1871. Fifine at the Fair 1872, Red Cotton Nightcap Country 1873, The Inn Album 1875, Pacchiarotto 1876; translation of Agamemnon 1877,La Saisiaz andTwo Poets of Oroisic(one volume), 1878, and Dramatic Idylls first series, 1879, and second series, 1880; honorary LL.D. Edinburgh, 1884; foreign correspondent to Royal Academy, 1886; died at Venice, 16 Dec. 1889; buried in Westminster Abbey; hia last volume of poems, Asolando appeared on the day of his death. Portraits of him by Field, Talfourd, Mr. G. F. Watts, R.A., and Mr. Rudolf Lehmann, are in the National Portrait Gallery. His poems were collected in two volumes, 1896; several volumes of his correspondence with Mrs. Browning have been published. Browning was at his best in psychological monologue; his poems everywhere attest unflinching optimism.

[121] Richard Brownlow (1563–1638), chief prothonotary of court of common pleas, 1591-1638; entered the Inner Temple, 1583; left in manuscript law reports.

[122] Ralph Brownrig (1592–1659), bishop of Exeter; educated at Ipswich and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1617; D.D., 1626; rector of Barley, Hertfordshire, 1621; master of St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge; deprived of the mastership, 1645; canon of Durham, 1641; bishop of Exeter, 1641; lived in retirement during the Commonwealth, ordaining privately; chaplain of the Inner and Middle Temples, 1658; a strict Calvinist; left sermons in manuscript.

[123] Elizabeth Brownrigg (d. 1767), murderess; wife of a London house-painter; practised as midwife; barbarously murdered her apprentice; hanged at Tyburn.

[124] Sir Robert Brownrigg (1769–1833), general; ensign, 1775; captain, 1784; served in the Netherlands, 1793; colonel, 1796; quartermaster-general, 1803; lieutenant-general, 1808; governor of Ceylon, 1811; took Kandy and annexed the kingdom, 1815; created baronet, 1816; general, 1819; returned to England, 1820.

[125] William Brownrigg (1711–1800), chemist; studied medicine at London and at Leyden; M.D., 1737; practised at Whitehaven for many years; made valuable researches into the phenomena of fire-damp, mineral waters, and platina.

[126] Charles Edward Brown-Séquard (1817–1894), physiologist; born in Mauritius; studied medicine at Paris; M.D., 1846: secretary of Societe de Biologic, 1848; subdued epidemic of cholera in Mauritius, 1854-5; professor at Virginia Medical College, Richmond, Virginia, 1855; engaged in scientific teaching in Paris, 18551857; established, 1858, and published till 1864, Journal de Physiologic; lectured in England on physiology and pathology; fellow of Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons at Glasgow, 1859; P.R.S. and F.R.C.P., 1860; professor of physiology and pathology of nervous system at Harvard, U.S.A., 1863-8; founded, with Vul plan and Charcot, 'Archives de Physiologic Paris; sole editor, 1889; professor of pathology at Paris, 1869-72, of physiology at Geneva, 1877, and of experimental medicine at College of France, 1878-94; honorary LL.D. of Cambridge, 1881; contributed to scientific publications.

[127] John Brownswerd (1540?-1589), master of Macclesfteld grammar school; published Latin poems.

[128] Noel Broxholme (1689?–1748), physician ; educated at Westminster; student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1705; M.A., 1711; Radcliffe travelling fellow, 1715; M.D., 1723; F.R.O.P., 1725; practised in London.

[129] Alexander Bruce , second Earl of Kincardine (d. 1681), resided in North Germany and Holland, 1657-60; succeeded his brother in title and estates at Culross, Fifeshire, 1663, where he managed his coal, salt, stone, and marble works; privy councillor in Scotland; extraordinary lord of session, 1667; continued to support Lauderdale till 1674; dismissed from the privy council for trying to protect the covenanters, 1676.

[130] Alexander Balmain Bruce (1831–1899), Scottish divine; educated at Edinburgh University; minister at Oardross, 1859, and Broughty Ferry, 1868; Cunningham lecturer, 1874; professor of apologetics and New Testament exegesis at Free Church Hall, Glasgow, 1875-99; Gifford lecturer, Glasgow University, 1896-7; published sermons and other religious works, and assisted in compilation of hymn-books.

[131] Archibald Bruce (1746–1816), Scottish divine ; educated at Glasgow; minister of the Anti-burgher congregation at Whitburn, Linlithgow, 1768; divinity professor to the Anti-burgher Associate church, 17861806; with three other clergymen formed a secession church; author of poems, chiefly satirical.

[132] David Bruce (1324–1371), David II, king of Scotland; only son of Robert de Bruce VIII, by his second wife; born at Dunfermline, 5 March 1324; succeeded, 9 June 1329; was crowned, 24 Nov. 1331; his supporters, led by the regent Archibald Douglas, defeated at Halidon Hill, 1333, by Edward Baliol, who was actively assisted in his claim to the Scottish crown by Edward III; retired to Dumbarton, and thence to France, 1334; for seven years he wad royally entertained by the French king; returned to Scotland in May 1341, and took the administration of affairs into his own hands, 1312; invaded England at the request of Philip of France, and was taken prisoner at Neville's Cross, 17 Oct. 1346; remained in captivity for eleven years; set free by the treaty of Berwick, 1357, on the severe terms of paying a ransom of 100,000 merks in ten years; began to intrigue for the remission of the ransom on condition of bequeathing his crown to a son of Edward III, proposals to this effect being brought before the estates in 1363. David was married to Jounna, sister of Edward III, 12 July 1328; she accompanied him in his exiles, and died near London, 14 Aug. 1863. Next year he married Margaret Drummond, widow of Sir John Logie, and divorced her in 1369. He had no child.

[133] David Bruce (fl. 1660), physician : M.A. St. Andrews; studied physic in France; M.D. Valence, 1657; incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1660; physician to the Duke of York; subsequently practised at Edinburgh.

[134] Edward Bruce (d. 1318), king of Ireland; younger brother of Robert de Bruce VIII, king of Scotland; took part in the Ayrshire campaign, 1307; subdued Galloway, 1308; reduced Dundee, 1313; besieged Stirling Castle, and granted the governor a year's truce, June 1313; commanded the right wing at Bannockburn, 1314; recognised as heir presumptive, May 1315; accepted an invitation from the Ulster chieftains, took Carrickfergus, and was crowned king of Ireland, 1315; opposed by the clergy; being joined by his brother, pushed on to Limerick, but when left alone, fell back on Carrickfergus, 1317; killed in battle at Dundalk.

[135] Edward Bruce, first Baron Bruce of Kinloss (1549?-1611), judge; judge of the commissary court, Edinburgh, before 1583; granted Kinloss Abbey, Ayrshire, in commendam, 1583; envoy to Queen Elizabeth, 1594; lord of session, 1597; envoy to Queen Elizabeth, 1598 and 1601; created Baron Bruce of Kinloss, 1603; accompanied James I to England, 1603, and was appointed master of the rolls.

[136] Sir Frederick William Adolphus Bruce (1814-1867), diplomatist; youngest son of Thomas Bruce, seventh earl of Elgin; attached to Lord Ashburton's mission to Washington, 1842; colonial seretary at Hongkong, 1844; lieutenant-governor of Newfoundland, 1846; charge d'affaires to Bolivia, 1848, and to Uruguay, 1851; consul-general in Egypt, 1853; secretary to the embassy to China, 1857; envoy to China, 1858; K.C.B., 1862; envoy to Washington, 1865; died at Boston.

[137] George Wyndham Hamilton Knight-Bruce (1852–1896), first bishop of Mashonaland ; educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford; M.A., 1881; D.D., 1886; curate of St. Andrew, Bethnal Green, 1884-6; bishop of Bloemfontein, 1886, and of Mashonaland, 18911894; vicar of Bovey Tracey, 1895-6; published personal memoirs.

[138] Henry Austin Bruce , first Baron Aberdare (1815-1895), statesman; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1837; stipendiary magistrate for Merthyr Tydvil and Aberdare, 1847-52; liberal M.P. for Merthyr Tydvil, 1852-68; under-secretary of state for home department, 1862-4; privy councillor and vice-president of committee of council on education, 1864; M.P. for Renfrewshire, 1869; home secretary, 1869-73; conducted reform in licensing laws; lord president of council, 1873-4; created Baron Aberdare, 1873; F.R.S., 1876: president of Royal Geographical Society, 1881, and of Royal Historical Society, 1878-92; chairman of National African (afterwards Royal Niger) Company, 1882-95; first president of University College, Cardiff, 1883; first chancellor of university of Wales, 1894; G.O.B., 1885.

[139] James Bruce (1660?–1730), Irish presbyterian : eldest son of Michael Bruce (1635-1693); minister of KiUeleagh, co. Down, 1684; fled to Scotland, 1689; returned to KiUeleagh, 1692; founded a presbyterian college there, 1697; joined the subscribers to the Westminster Confession, 1721, but was tolerant to the non-subscribers

[140] James Bruce (1730–1794), African traveller ; educated at Harrow; engaged in the Portuguese wine trade, 1753; visited Spain and Portugal, 1754; studied Arabic and Ethiopic; studied antiquities in Italy, especially at Paestum; consul at Algiers, 1763, with a mission to study antiquities; made an archaeological tour in Barbary, 1765; shipwrecked near Crete; visited Palmyra and Baalbec; reached Egypt, 1768; sailed up the Nile to Assouan; crossed the desert to the Red Sea; landed at Masuah, the port of Abyssinia, September 1769; reached Gondar, the capital, February 1770; explored the sources of the Blue Nile; left Gondar, 1771; travelled to Sennaar in Nubia; reached Assouan, November 1772, and England, 1774; published his travels, 1790; died of a fall.

[141] James Bruce (1765?–1806), essayist ; educated at St. Andrews and Cambridge: episcopalian clergyman in Scotland; tory journalist in London. 1803.

[142] James Bruce (1808–1861), author; journalist at Aberdeen, at (Jupar-Fif.-, 1H45, and at Belfast, 1850 (?) till death; published Letters on the... Condition of the Highlands 1H47, biographies and travels,

[143] James Bruce , eighth Earl of Elgin and twelfth Earl of Kincardine (1811–1863), diplomatist; second son of Thomas Bruce, seventh earl of Elgin; educated at Eton and Oxford; fellow of Merton, 1832; M.I Muithamptou, 1841; succeeded to the peerage, 1841; governor of Jamaica, 1842; governor-general of Canada, 1847-54, during a period of distress and unrest; envoy to China, 1K57; negotiated the treaty of Tientsin, t,,l.lupnii and concluded a treaty, 1868; postviieral, 1859; envoy to China, 1860-1, punishing tin- emperor's treachery by destroying the summer palace at Peking; viceroy of India, 1862.

[144] Sir James Lewis Knight-Bruce (1791–1866), judge; known as J. L. Knight till September 1837; educated at Sherborne school; solicitor; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1817; practised in the equity courts; M.P. for Bishop's Castle, 1831; vice-chancellor and knighted, 1841; chief judge in bankruptcy, 1842; lord justice of appeal, 1851.

[145] John Bruce (1745–1826), historian : educated at Edinburgh, where he was professor of logic: keeper of the state paper office; historiographer to the East India Company; M.P. for Michael, Cornwall, 1809-14; joint king's printer for Scotland; published philosophical and historical works.

[146] John Bruce (1802–1869), antiquary; educated partly at Aberdeen; lawyer; devoted himself to historical research from 1840: edited the Calendars of Domestic State Papers for 1625-39; published numerous historical tracts.

[147] John collingwood Bruce (1805–1892), antiquary; M.A. Glasgow, 1826; LL.D., 1853; proprietor of Percy Street academy, Newcastle, 1834-63; P.S.A., 1852: secretary and vice-president of Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, 1846; published antiquarian works.

[148] Sir John Hope Bruce (1684?–1766), baronet of Kinross; reputed author of the ballad Hardyknute; governor of Bermuda, 1721; lieutenant-general, 1758; M.P. for Kinross-shire.

[149] Michael Bruce (1635–1693), Irish presbyterian ; M.A. Edinburgh, 1654; minister of Killinchy, co. Down, 1657; continued to preach, in defiance of the bishop, 1660; outlawed, 1664; returned to Scotland, 1666; sentenced to transportation for field-preaching, July 1668; imprisoned in London; allowed to return to Killinchy, 1670; driven out by the rebellion, 1688; minister of Anwoth, Wigtonshire, 1689 till death.

[150] Michael Bruce (1686–1735), Irish presbyterian : eldest son of James Bruce (1660 ?-1730); minister of Holywood, co. Down, 1711; held liberal opinions in theology; a leader of the non-subscribers (to the Westminster Confession), 1720.

[151] Michael Bruce (1746–1767), poet ; son of a poor weaver in Kinross-shire; at one time a herd-boy; educated at Edinburgh University, 1762-5; taught school in Kinross-shire and Clackmannanshire, 1765-6; died of consumption; his poems published posthumously, 1770. TheOde to the Cuckoo 1 is variously attributed to him aud to John Logan.

[152] Peter Henry Bruce (1692–1757), military engineer; born in Westphalia; of Scottish descent; educated in Scotland, 1698; studied fortification in Germany, 1704; entered the Prussian service, 1706; entered the Russian service and visited Constantinople, 1711; attended Peter the Great at court and in the field, 1711-24; settled in Scotland, 1724; superintended fortifications at the Bahamas, 1740-4, and in Scotland, 1745; published Memoirs

[153] Robert de Bruce I (d. 1094?), founder of the family in England and Scotland. He came from Bruis, a castle near Cherbourg, with William the Conqueror, 1066, and received large grants of laud in Cleveland, Yorkshire,

[154] Robert II de Bruce (1078?–1141), son of Robert de Bruce I; a companion of David I of Scotland at the court of Henry I; received the lordship of Aiituuihile, in Dumfriesshire, 1124; benefactor to the church in Yorkshire; forfeited Annandale by fighting on the English side, 1138.

[155] Robert III de Bruce (Jl. 1138–1189?), second son ot Robert de Bruce II; received the lordship of Annandale, possibly in 1138; confirmed in it, 1166.

[156] Robert Ive de Bruce , son of Robert de Bruce III ; died before 1191, possibly during his father's lifetime,

[157] Robert V de Bruce V (d. 1245), son of William de Bruce (d. 1215), son and heir of Robert de Bruce III His marriage with Isabel, second daughter of David, earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of William the Lion, founded the claim of his descendants to the crown.

[158] Robert VI de Bruce (1210–1295), called the Competitor from his claim to the crown ; son of Robert de Bruce V; recognised as heir-presumptive, 1238-41; married Isabel, daughter of Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester, 1244; succeeded his father as Lord of Anuaudale, 1245; a justiciary in England, 1250; succeeded to his mother's English estates, 1251; one of the regents in Scotland, 1255; frequently a justiciary in England from 1257; sheriff of Cumberland and warden of Carlisle Castle; fought for Henry III in the baronsware; chief-justice of the king's bench, 1268; returned to Scotland, 1272; recognised the right of Princess Margaret to the crown, 1284; entered a league to assert his own claim, 1286; assented to the marriage of Princess Margaret with Edward, prince of Wales, and the union of Scotland and England, 1290; accepted arbitration of Edward I on his claim to the crown, 1291; prepared to resist an unfavourable decision, June 1292; prevented by his great age from further action, when Edward I decided in favour of John de Baliol, November 1292.

[159] Robert VII de Bruce (1253–1304), son of the Competitor, Robert de Bruce VI; styled Earl of Carrick (jure uxoris), 1274 ?-92; afterwards styled LORD OF ANNANDALE; accompanied Edward, prince of Wales, on the crusade, 1269; married Marjory, countess of Oarrick, c. 1274; envoy of Alexander III, 1278; privy to his father's designs on the crown, 1286-92; absent in Norway, 1293; paid homage to Edward I for his English fiefs, became warden of Carlisle Castle, and joined Edward I in his war with John de Baliol, 1295; paid homage to Edward I, as king of Scotland, 24 Aug. 1296, and thenceforward lived in England.

[160] Robert VIII de Bruce (1274–1329), king and liberator of Scotland; son of Robert de Bruce VII; Earl of Carrick on his mother's death, 1292; paid homage to Edward I, as king of Scotland, 24 Aug. 1296; refused, with other Scottish nobles, to accompany Edward I to Flanders, 1297, and ravaged the lands of Edward's adherents; was still in arms against Edward in 1298; coregent of Scotland, 1299; during Edward's invasion of Scotland, 1302-4, apparently favoured Edward, but was really in treaty with the patriotic party; murdered John Comyn, at Dumfries, 10 Feb. 1306; crowned king at Scone, 27 March; defeated at Methven, 19 June; wandered in the central and western highlands, and sought shelter on the island of Rachrine, on north coast of Antrim; excommunicated and outlawed; returned to Arran, and thence to Carrick; won the battle of Loudon Hill, 10 May 1307, but had to fall back for a time; harried the lands of his chief opponents, Buchan and Lome, 1308; recognised as king by the Scottish clergy, 1310; the Hebrides eded to him by the king of Norway, 1312; raided the north of England, 1312, 1313; defeated Edward II at Bannockburn, 24 June 1314; subdued the Hebrides, 1316: joined his brother, Edward Bruce (d. 1318), in a campaign in Ireland, 1317; took Berwick, 1318; initiated legislation for the defence and administration of the kingdom: conspiracy of Sir William Soulis against him detected, 1320; baffled an invasion by Edward II, and ravaged Yorkshire, 1322; recognised by the pope as king of Scotland, 1323; settled the succession, 1326; concluded peace with Edward III, April 1328; died of leprosy; his body buried at Dunfermline, his heart (which had been destined for Jerusalem) at Melrose. He married, first, Isabella, daughter of Donald, earl of Mar, and had by her a daughter, Marjory, through whom tl:- crovii ilr-ivnd.tl to the Stuarts; secondly, KluaU'th iU- Unroll, daughter of the Karl of Ulster, by whom he had a son, David Bruce, his successor.

[161] Robert Bruce (d. 1602), political agent and spy; in service of James Beaton, archbishop of Glasgow, and of Mary Stuart; studied at Scottish College, Pont-à-Mousson, 1581-6; sent by Duke of Guise and Prince of Parma as envoy to James VI of Scotland, 1587, and tried, unsuccessfully, to win him to Roman catholic cause: imprisoned at Brussels on charge of misappropriating funds and betraying plans, 1599-1600; in Scotland, 1601; died in Paris; left unfinished a work against the Jesuits.

[162] Robert Bruce (1564–1631), Scottish presbyterian; studied law at Paris and theology at St. Andrews; presbyterian minister in Edinburgh, 1587; moderator of the general assembly, 1588 and 1592; anointed Anne of Denmark at her coronation, 1590; resisted the attempt to introduce episcopacy into Scotland, 1596; ordered to leave Edinburgh, 1600; confined to Inverness, 1605-9, and again 1620-4; resided chiefly on his estate of Kinnaird, Stirlingshire, 1624 till death; published sermons in the Scottish dialect.

[163] Robert Bruce (d. 1685), succeeded as second Earl of Elgin, 1663, and created Earl of Ailesbury, 1664; joint lord-lieutenant of Bedfordshire, 1660, and lord-lieutenant, 1667; privy councillor, 1678; lord chamberlain, 1685.

[164] Thomas Bruce , third Earl of Elgin and second Earl of Ailesbury (1655?–1741), eldest surviving son of Robert Bruce (d. 1685), second earl; succeeded to the earldom, 1685; courtier of James II, 1688; imprisoned as a Jacobite, 1690, 1696; resided in Brussels, 1696-1741.

[165] Thomas Bruce, seventh Earl of Elgin and eleventh Earl of Kincardine (1766-1841), succeeded in 1771; educated at Harrow and in Paris; entered the army, 1785; envoy to the emperor, 1790; to Brussels, 1792; to Berlin, 1795; and to the Porte, 1799-1803; detained in France, 1803-6; major-general, 1837. He employed artists to make drawings of sculptures, &c., at Athens, 1800-3, and arranged for the conveyance of the Parthenon frieze, &c., to England, 1803-12. He sold these Elgin marbles to the nation, 1816.

[166] Sir William Bruce (d. 1710), architect, of Kinross; designed Holyrood House, 1671-9, and several mansions in Scotland; intrigued for the Restoration; clerk to the bills, 1660; created baronet, 1668; king's surveyor in Scotland, 1671: M.P. for Kinross-shire, 1681.

[167] William Bruce (1702–1755), a publisher in Dublin; published pamphlets.

[168] William Bruce (1757–1841), theologian; educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and Wnrriugton academy; presbyterian minister at Lisburn, 1779, in Dublin, 1782, and in Belfast, 1789-1831?; principal of Belfast academy, 1790-1822; D.D. Glasgow, 1786; a founder of the Unitarian Society, 1831; resident in Dublin, 1836; published exegetical works.

[169] William Bruce (1790–1868), Irish presbyterian ; second son of William Bruce (1757-1841) q. T.I; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1809; presbyterian minister in Belfast, 1812-67; professor of classics and Hebrew, 18211826, and of Hebrew, 1825-49, in Belfast academy; inclined to unitarianism; a leader of the non-subscribers 1862; published controversial works.

[170] John Bruckner (1726–1804), Lutheran divine; born in Zeelaud: educated at Franeker: Lutheran pastor at Leyden; pastor of the Walloon church at Norwich, 1753-1804, and of the Dutch church there, 1766-1804; taught French; committed suicide.

[171] James Thomas Brudenell , seventh Earl of Cardigan (1797–1868), lieutenant-general; involved by his domineering temper in constant wrangles with his brother officers; M.P. for Marlborough, 1818-29; cornet, 1824; lieutenant-colonel by purchase, 1830; M.P. for North Northamptonshire, 1832; commanded the 16th hussars, 1832-3, and the llth hussars, 1836-47; succeeded to the earldom, 1837; major-general, 1847; commanded the light cavalry brigade in the Crimea, and destroyed it in the famous charge 1854; colonel of the the dragoon guards 1859, and of the llth hussars, 1860; lieutenant-general, 1861.

[172] Robert Brudenell (1461–1531), judge; educated at (."am'iridifc; barrister before 1490; M.P., 1503; serjeant-at-law, 1501; justice of the king's bench, 1507; justice of the common pleas, 1509, and chief-justice, 1521-1531.

[173] John Bruen (1660–1625), a typical puritan layman: sent to St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1577: married and l leeame a hunting squire, 1580; began to practise great strictness in religious observances, 1587; his house frequented by puritans; lived latterly in Chester.

[174] Richard Bruerne (1519?-15C5), ecclesiastic; obnoxious to the reformers; fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1538, and of Eton. 1645; B.D., 1547; professor of Hebrew, Oxford, 1548-59; canon of Christ Church, 1553, and of Windsor, 1557; elected provost of Eton, 1561, but his election annulled.

[175] Thomas Brugis (fl. 1640?), army surgeon during the civil war, afterwards in practice at Rickmans worth, Hertfordshire; published medical handbooks,

[176] John Maurice, Count of Brühl (1736–1809), diplomatist and astronomer; born in Saxony; studied at Leipzig; employed in the Saxon diplomatic service at Paris, 1755, and Warsaw, 1759; ambassador to London, 1764-1809; published astronomical works.

[177] George Bryan Brummell (1778–1840), generally called Beau Brummell; educated at Eton; cornet in the 10th hussars, 1794; captain, 1796; retired, 1798; friend of the prince regent, and leader of fashion in London; retired to Calais in debt, 1816; removed to Caen, 1830; died in the asylum there.

[178] Thomas Brunaeus (d. 1380). See Thomas Brome.

[179] John Jelliand Brundish (d. 1786), poetical writer; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge; author of 'An Elegy on a Family Tomb 1783.

[180] Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859), civil engineer; only son of Sir Marc I. Brunel; educated privately and in Paris; clerk to his father, 1823: resident engineer of the Thames tunnel, 1826; designed Clifton suspension bridge, 1831; engineer to the Great Western railway, 1833; applied the screw propeller to steamships, 1845; designed the Great Eastern steamship, 1852-8; designed numerous docks and bridges, both iron and masonry; an advocate of broad-gauge railways and of very large steamers; invented improvements in artillery.

[181] Sir Marc Isambard Brunel (1769–1849), civil engineer; born in Normandy; educated for the church at Gisors and Rouen: served for six years in French navy; emigrated to America, 1793; practised as surveyor, architect, and civil engineer; planned the defences of New York; came to England, 1799, to patent his machinery for making shipsblocks; erected saw-mills with improved machinery, 1806-12; improved dockyard machinery at Chatham, 1812; experimented in steam navigation, 1812; imprisoned for debt, 1821; improved docks at Liverpool, 1823-6; engineer of Thames tunnel, 1825-1843; knighted, 1841.

[182] Anthony Bruning (1716–1776), Jesuit, 1733; served in the English mission; professor at Liege; left in manuscript theological treatises.

[183] George Bruning (1738–1802), Jesuit, 1756; served in the English mission; lived at East Hendred, Berkshire, and at Isleworth; published theological tracts.

[184] Sir James Brunlees (1816–1892), civil engineer; engaged in gardening and farm work; studied at Edinburgh University; assistant to (Sir) John Hawkshaw on Lancashire and Yorkshire railway; prepared plans for several railways in Brazil from 1856, and assisted in Mersey railway: knighted, 1886; constructed Avonmouth dock, Bristol, 1868-77; M.I.C.E., 1852, and president, 1882-3: wrote on engineering subjects.

[185] Robert de Brunne, or Mannyng (fl. 1288–1338). See Mannyng.

[186] Benjamin Brunning (d. 1688), nonconformist; fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1645; ejected, 1662; subsequently nonconformist minister at Ipswich; author of sermons.

[187] Alexander Brunton (1772–1854), minister and professor of oriental languages in Edinburgh. His works include a biography of his wife, Mary Brunton, 1819, and a Persian Grammar (1822).

[188] Elizabeth Brunton (1799–1860). See Yates.

[189] George Brunton (1799–1836), Scottish lawyer and journalist; educated in Edinburgh; solicitor, 1831; wrote a collection of short biographies entitled An Historical Account of the Senators of the College of Justice from MI.XXXII

[190] Louisa Brunton (1785?–1860). See Craven.

[191] Mary Brunton (1778–1818), novelist ; born in Orkney; married Alexander Bruntou; settled iu Ivlmburgh, 1803; wrote novels.

[192] William Brunton (1777–1851), engineer and inventor; working engineer, 1790; employed in Boulton and Watt's works. Soho, 1796-1818; had works of his own in Birmingham, 1815-25; a civil engineer in London, 1825-35; ruined by mining and brewery speculations in Wales; maker of the first marine steam engines.

[193] William Brunyard (fl. 1350), reputed author of theological treatises; probably identical with John de Bromyarde

[194] Anthony Bruodine (fl. 1672), Irish Franciscan ; lecturer in a convent at Prague; wrote theological and historical treatises.

[195] Nicholas Brutton (1780–1843), lieutenantcolonel; ensign of foot, 1795; served in India, 1799-1805; exchanged into the hussars, and served in India, 1809-17; major, 1H21; in command of the llth hussars in England, 1830-7; retired to Bordeaux.

[196] Bedo Brwynllys (fl. 1450–1480), Welsh poet.

[197] Augustine Bryan (d. 1726), classical scholar; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1711; rector of Piddlehinton, Dorset, 1722; edited Plutarch's Lives(1723-9), completed after his death by Moses du Soul.

[198] Sir Francis Bryan (d. 1550), courtier and diplomatist; captain of a ship-of-war, 1513; in high favour at Henry VIII's court, 1515; knighted for service in the field, 1522; employed in several missions to France, 1523-1525; sent to Rome to obtain the pope's sanction for Queen Catherine's divorce, 1528, and displayed great energy in forwarding the cause of his cousin, Anne Boleyn: cited Catherine to appear before Cranmer, 1533; turned against Anne Boleyn, 1636; married the widow of the Earl of Ormonde, and went to Ireland as lord marshal, 1548; appointed lord justice, 1549; published verses and translations.

[199] John Bryan (d. 1545), logician ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; rector of ShellowBowells, Essex, 1523.

[200] John Bryan (d. 1676), nonconformist: educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge; vicar of Holy Trinity, Coventry, 1644; ejected, 1662; continued to preach and to educate nonconformists; D.D.; founded presbyterian congregation in Coventry, 1672; published sermons and poems.

[201] Margaret Bryan (g. 1815), proprietress of a girls' school at Blackheath; published treatises on astronomy and physics.

[202] Matthew Bryan (d. 1699), Jacobite preacher; educated at Oxford; D.C.L. Oxford, 1685; incumbent of St. Mary's, Newingtpn, and lecturer of St. Michael's, Crooked Lane; nonjuror and minister of a Jacobite congregation in Fleet Street; published sermons.

[203] Michael Bryan (1757–1821), connoisseur; resided in Flanders, 1782-90; agent for the purchase of important pictures, 1798-1804; publishedBiographical ... Dictionary of Painters and Engravers 1813-16.

[204] Henry Bryant (1721–1799), botanist; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1749; rector of Colby.

[205] Jacob Bryant (1715–1804), classical scholar ; educated at Eton, 1730-6; fellow of King's College, Cambridge; tutor to the Marquis of Blandford; secretary to the Duke of Marlborough, 175G; held lucrative office in the ordnance; resided for several years at Blenheim, ami published description of the Marlborough collection of antique gems, 1783; resided latterly at Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire; published treatises on ancient mythology and Homeric questions, in one of which he denied that such a city as Troy ever existed, and wrote on theological subjects.

[206] Sir Alexander Bryce (d. 1832), military engineer; educated at Woolwich, 1782; commissioned in the artillery, 1787; transferred to the engineers, 1789; captain, 1794; served in America, Egypt (under Sir Ralph Abercromby), and Italy; major-general, 1825; inspector-general of fortifications, 1829.

[207] David Bryce (1803–1876), architect in Edinburgh ; apprentice and partner to William Burn; in business as an architect, 1844-76; revived the Scottish Baronial style; architect of Fettes College,

[208] James Bryce , the elder (1767–1857), divine; educated at Glasgow; minister of the Anti-burgher church, 1796; removed to Ireland; minister of the Anti-burgher church at Killaig, Londonderry, 1805-57; founder of the Associate Presbytery of Ireland.

[209] James Bryce , the younger (1806–1877), geologist; third son of James Bryce the elder; educated at Glasgow; schoolmaster at Belfast, 1828, at Glasgow, 1846-74; published various mathematical treatises and papers on the geology of the north of Ireland and of Scotland.

[210] John Brydall (b. 1635?), law-writer; of Queen's College, Oxford, and Lincoln's Inn; secretary to the master of the rolls.

[211] Edmund Brydges , second Baron Chandos (d. 1573), eldest surviving sou of Sir John Brydges, served in France; succeeded to the barony, 1556.

[212] George Brydges , sixth Baron Chandos (d. 1655), succeeded to the barony, 1621; fought in the civil war.

[213] Giles Brydges, third Baron Chandos (1547–1594), son of Edmund Brydges, baron Chandos, M.P. Gloucestershire, 1572; succeeded to the barony, 1573.

[214] Grey Brydges, fifth Baron Chandos (1579?-1621), imprisoned in connection with the insurrection of the Earl of Essex, 1601; succeeded to the barony, 1602; a favourite courtier of James I, 1605; on service in the Low Countries, 1610; kept great state at Sudeley Castle; reputed author of Horse Subsecivae 1620.

[215] Sir Harford Jones Brydges (1764–1847), diplomatist; originally in the East India Company's service; as Harford Jones, created baronet in 1807; envoy to Persia, 1807-11; took the name of Brydges, 1826; published travels and pamphlets.

[216] James Brydges , first Duke of Chandos (1673–1744), M.P. for Hereford city, 1698-1714; paymaster of the forces abroad, 1707-12; succeeded as ninth Baron Chandos, and was created Earl of Carnarvon, 1714; created Duke of Chandos, 1719; lord lieutenant of Hereford and Radnor shires, 1721; chancellor of St. Andrews University; built the great house at Canons, near Kdgware; patron of Handel; satirised by Pope.

[217] Sir John Brydges , first Baron Chandos (1490?1556); Roman catholic; knighted, 1513; servant and companion of Henry VIII, 1632; constable of Sudeley Castle, 1538; served in France, 1549; lieutenant of the Tower, 1553 to June 1554; suppressed Wyatt's rebellion, and was created Baron Chandos of Sudeley, 1554; ordered to superintend the execution of Bishop Hooper at Gloucester, 1555.

[218] Sir Richard Brydges (d. 1558), son of Sir John Brydges. knighted, 1553.

[219] Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges (1762–1837), bibliographer and genealogist; educated at Queens i College, Cambridge, 1780; barrister of the Middle Temple, 1787; urged his elder brother to claim the barony of Chandos, 1790-1803: issued bibliographical and genealogical works: resided at Lee Priory, near Canterbury, 1810-18, issuing from his private press reprints of rare English pieces; M.P. for Maidstone, 1812-18; created baronet, 1814: lived chiefly at Geneva after 1818. His bibliographical books are numerous and valuable: his poems and novels mediocre.

[220] Sir Thomas Brydges (d. 1559), son of Sir John Brydges, lieutenant of Tower, 1554.

[221] William Brydon (1811–1873), army surgeon; went to India, 1835; sole survivor of the retreat from Cabul, 1842; in the sieves of Jellalabad, 1842, and of Lucknow, 1857; settled in Scotland, 1869.

[222] Patrick Brydone (1736–1818), traveller; travelled partly as a tutor, in Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, and Malta, 1765-71; lived latterly in Berwickshire; published travels and papers on electricity.

[223] Thomas Brydson (1806–1855), poet : educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh: minister of Kilmalcolm, Renfrewshire, 1842-66.

[224] Henry Bryer (d. 1799), engraver and printseller in London.

[225] Edward Bryerwood (1565?-1613). See Brerewood.

[226] Thomas Bryghtwell or Brythwell (d. 1390), fellow of Merton College, Oxford: a Wyclifflte; submitted to the church, 1382; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1386, and of Lincoln; chancellor of Oxford University, 1388; D.D.

[227] Albertus Bryne (1621 P-1677?), composer: organist of St. Paul's, c. 1638, of Westminster Abbey, and of Dulwich College, 1671-7.

[228] Thomas Brynknell (d. 1539?). See Brinknell.

[229] Lodowick Bryskett, or Lewis (fl. 1571-1611), translator; of Italian origin; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1559; official in Ireland, 1571; accompanied Philip Sidney on his continental tour, 1572-5; held offices under government in Ireland, 1577-1600; friend of Edmund Spenser, 1582; Irish landowner, 1606; published translations and poems, contributing two elegies to Spenser's Astrophel 1586.

[230] Alexander Bryson (1802–1869), medical writer; educated at Edinburgh and Glasgow; naval surgeon, 1827; director-general of the naval medical department, 1864.

[231] James Bryson (1730?–1796), Irish presbyterian; minister at Lisburn, 1764, and at Belfast, 1773; an originator of the Orange Society, 1795; published sermons.

[232] William Bryson (1730–1815), Irish presbyterian; minister of the non-subscribers at Antrim, 1764-1810; published sermons.

[233] Sir George Buc or Buck (d. 1623), poet; went on the expedition to Cadiz, 1596; knighted, 1603; master of the revels and licenser of plays, 1608-22; author of poems and works on English history.

[234] Dukes of Buccleuch . See Henry Scott, third Duke 1746–1812 ; SCOTT, WALTER FRANCIS, fifth DUKE, 1806-1884.

[235] Martin Bucer or Butzer (1491–1551), protestant divine; entered Dominican monastery at Schlettgtodt, his native town, 1508; studied at Heidelberg, where he heard Luther dispute, April 1518; corresponded with Luther, and became a protestant; obtained papal dispensation from his monastic vow, 1521; became pastor at Landrituhl, in the Palatinate, 1522; travelled in order to propagate reformed doctrines; preached at Weissenburg, in Lower Alsace, 1522 or 1523, and was excommunicated; took refuge in Strassburg, 1523, where he became representative reformer; lived mainly at Strassburg till 1649; favoured the tenets of Zwingli in the great eucharistic controversy, 1525-30, and was consequently involved in controversy both with Luther and his followers and with Erasmus: consulted by Henry VIII about his divorce from Catherine of Arragon; laboured after Zwingli's death to find a common statement of belief which would unite the Lutherans, the reformed churches of South Germany, and the Swiss church, 1531-8; censured Servetus, 1531; approved of Calvin's views on church discipline, 1538; consulted by the promoters of the attempt to reconcile protestants and catholics, 1640-6, and by the archbishop of Cologne in the effort to protestantise his diocese, 1541-3; caused Strassburg to resist to the last the interim imposed by Charles V, 1548; but was forced to withdraw to England, April 1549; kindly received in London by Cranmer, Edward VI, and the Protector Somerset; was appointed regius professor of divinity at Cambridge, 1549, where his views excited much controversy; consulted as to the Book of Common Prayer, 1550; buried in the university church, 1551; his body exhumed by Queen Mary's commissioners, 1557; produced ninety-six separate treatises.

[236] Earls of Buchan . See COMYN, ALEXANDER, second EARL, d. 1289; COMYN, JOHN*, third EARL, d. 1313 ?; STKWAKT, ALEXANDER, first EARL of the second creation, 1343 ?-1406 ?; STEWART, JOHN, first EARL of the third creation, 1381?-1424; ERSKI.VK, JAMES, sixth EARL of the fourth creation, d. 1640; ERSKINE, DAVID STEUART, eleventh EARL, 1742-1829.

[237] Alexander Peter Buchan (1764–1824), physician; son of William Buchan; studied in London, Edinburgh, and Leyden (M.D., 1793); practised hi London; published medical tracts.

[238] Andrew of Buchan (d. 1309?), bishop of Caithness, 1296; Cistercian; abbot of Cupar-Angus, 1272.

[239] Elspeth Buchan or Simpson (1738–1791), foundress of the Buchanite ect (extinct 1848); wife of a potter; separated from him, 1781; persuaded Hugh White, Relief minister of Irvine, that she was inspired, 1783: on being expelled from Irvine, settled in Closeburn, Dumfries, 1784.

[240] Peter Buchan (1790–1854), collector of Scottish ballads; by the help of his kinsman, the Earl of Buchan. set up a press in Peterhead, 1816, where he printed his own works and collections: published poems and historical tracts.

[241] Thomas Buchan (d. 1720), Jacobite general; a highlander by birth; served abroad; commanded a footregiment in Scotland, 1682; employed against the covenanters, 1684; colonel, 1686; appointed major-general by James II in Ireland, 1689, and sent to command his forces in Scotland; surprised at Oromdale, 1690; retired to Lochaber; retired to France, 1692; Jacobite agent in Scotland, 1707.

[242] William Buchan (1729–1805), author of the popular Domestic Medicine 1769; studied medicine at Edinburgh; practised in Yorkshire; settled in Edinburgh, 1766; removed to London, 1778; pubUshed medical tracts.

[243] Andrew Buchanan (1690–1759), Virginia merchant in Glasgow; bought Drumpellier, Lanarkshire, 1735; lord provost of Glasgow, 1740; strenuously opposed the insurgents, 1745.

[244] Sir Andrew Buchanan (1807–1882), diplomatist; entered the diplomatic service, 1825; was resident at nearly every court, first as attache, afterwards as minister; retired, 1878; created baronet, 1878.

[245] Claudius Buchanan (1766–1815), Indian traveller; educated at Glasgow University, 1782; clerk in London, 1787; of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1791; chaplain in Bengal, 1797; vice-provost of college at Fort William, 1799-1807; D.D. Glasgow and Cambridge; made two tours in south and west of India, 1806-7; returned to England, 1808; advocate of missions; issued translations of the scriptures into various oriental languages.

[246] David Buchanan (1595?–1652?), Scottish historian; resided in Paris, 1636; back in Scotland before 1644; published and left in manuscript treatises on Scottish history, biography, and topography.

[247] David Buchanan, the elder (1745–1812), printer and publisher at Montrose; published miniature editions of English classics.

[248] David Buchanan , the younger (1779–1848), journalist; in Edinburgh; son of David Buchanan the elder; editor of the Caledonian Mercury 1810-27, and of the Edinburgh Courant 1827-48; wrote on political economy and statistics.

[249] Dugald Buchanan (1716–1768), Gaelic poet, tlic OSVJMT if the highlands: native of Balquhidder; catechist at Kinloch Hannoch, 1756.

[250] Francis Hamilton Buchanan (1762–1829), writer on Indian subjects; M.D. Edinburgh, 1783; naval surgeon; Bengal surgeon, 1794; travelled in Burma, 17'X, in Mysore and Malabar, 1800, and in Nepal, 1802; compiled a statistical survey of Bengal, 1807-15; settled in Scotland, 1816; published travels.

[251] George Buchanan (1506–1582), historian and scholar: studied at Paris, 1520-2; served at the siege of Werk, 1523; studied at St. Andrew's under John Major, lf.2l; 15. A., 1625; went to Paris, 1526; graduated M.A. in the Scots college, Paris, March 1528; taught grammar in the college of St. Barbe; tutor to Gilbert, earl of ;it Paris, 1529-34; returned to Scotland, 1536; tutor to a natural son of James V, 1536-8; urged by the king to satirise the morals of the clergy, and so provoked Cardinal Beaton; escaped from prison at St. Andrews, and fled to London, 1539; taught Latin at Bordeaux, 1540-3; taught in the college of Cardinal le Moiue at Paris, 1544-7; invited to teach in the college at Ooimbra, 1547, and imprisoned there by the inquisition, 1549-51; came to England, 1552; returned to Paris, and taught in the college of Boncourt, 1563; tutor to Timoleon de Cosse, cointe de Brissae (killed in action, 1569), 1554-9, in France and Italy; returned to Scotland and professed himself a protestant before 1563; lay member of the general assembly, 1663-8, and moderator, 1567; principal of St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews, 1566-70; assigned a pension out of the revenues of Crossraguel Abbey; lived in England, October 1568, to January 1569, as secretary of Regent Moray's commissioners, and vouched that the casket letters were in Queen Mary's handwriting; published, in Scottish dialect (1570), pamphlets attacking the Hamiltons on account of Moray's assassination, and ridiculing Maitland of Lethiugtou, the queen's advocate; resided at Stirling as tutor to James VI, 1570-8; keeper of the privy seal, 1570-8; publishedDetectio Marite Reginte a venomous attack on Queen Mary, 1571, in Latin and, 1572, in French and Scottish; wrote Latin poems. His De Jure Regni apud Scotos 1579, was long a textbook of the opponents of absolutism. His Rerum Scoticarum historia 1582, was the chief source from which foreigners derived their knowledge of Scotland.

[252] George Buchanan (1790?–1852), cb thin I son of David Buchanan the elder; educated at Edinburgh; constructed harbours and bridges; an authority on salmon-fishery disputes; published scientific treatises.

[253] Sir George Buchanan (1831–1895), physician ; B.A. London, 1851; studied medicine at University College; M.D. London, 1855; physician at London Fever Hospital, 1861-8, and, later, consulting physician; F.R.O.P., 1866, censor, 1892-4, and Lettsomian lecturer, 1867; F.R.S., 1882; permanent inspector in medical department of privy council, 1869; principal medical officer, 1879-92, of local government board; knighted, 1H)2; honorary LL.D. Edinburgh, 1893: fellow of University College, 1864; chairman of royal commission on tuberculosis. His reports have become classical works in sanitary literature.

[254] James Buchanan (1 804-1 870), Free church leader; educated at Glasgow; minister of North Leith, 1828, and of St. Giles, Edinburgh, 1840: joined the Free church, 184:t; minister of Free St. Stephen's, Edinburgh; D.D. Princeton; LL.D. Glasgow; professor in the Free church college, 1845-68; published theological works,

[255] John Lanne Buchanan (. 1780–1816), author; educated at Glasgow; assistant minister at Comrie; missioner in the Hebrides, 1780; subsequently resided in London; published works on the Hebrides and highlands.

[256] Robert Buchanan (1813–1866), socialist; taught school; lecturer in Manchester before 1839; journalist iii Glasgow; published controversial writings.

[257] Robert Buchanan (1785–1873), benefactor of Glasgow University; educated at Glasgow; minister of Peebles, 1813-24; assistant professor of logic in Glasgow, 1824, and professor, 1827-64; author of tragedies and poems.

[258] Robert Buchanan (1802–1875), Free church leader; educated at Glasgow; minister of Gargunnock, 1826, of Salton, Haddingtonshire, 1829, and of the Tron church, Glasgow, 1833-43; took leading part in antipatronage agitation, 1K38, and joined the Free church, 1843; D.D. Glasgow, 1840; died at Rome; wrote on church history, also a narrative of travels in Palestine.

[259] Robertson Buchanan (1770–1816), civil engineer of Glasgow; published treatises on machinery.

[260] William Buchanan (1781–1863), Scottish advocate; son of David Buchanan the elder; educated at Edinburgh; advocate, 1806; solicitor of teinds, 1856; author of law reports, &c,

[261] Adam Buck (1759–1833), portrait-painter; exhibited at Royal Academy from 1795; published Paintings on Greek Vases 1811.

[262] Charles Buck (1771–1815), author of A Theological Dictionary 1802, and other pieces; congregational minister at Sheerness and in London.

[263] Sir George Buck (d. 1623). See George Buc.

[264] John William Buck (. 1821), of Lincoln's Inn, 1813; barrister; published law reports.

[265] Samuel Buck (1696–1779), draughtsman and engraver; issued series of views of towns, ruined abbeys, and castles, etc., in England and Wales; worked in conjunction with his brother Nathaniel, 1727-53.

[266] Zachariah Buck (1798–1879), composer; chorister at Norwich; organist of St. Peter Maucroft, 18181821, and of Norwich Cathedral, 1819-77; Mus.Doc. Lambeth, 1847.

[267] Charles Bucke (1781–1846), dramatist and miscellaneous writer.

[268] Robert Buckenham (ft. 1530), prior of the Black Friars, Cambridge; B.D., 1524; D.D., 1531; preached against Latimer at Cambridge, 1529; withdrew to Edinburgh, 1534; went to Louvain to take part in the proceedings against William Tyndale, 1535

[269] John Buckeridge or Buckridge (1562?–1631), bishop of Rochester and Ely; educated at Merchant Taylors School; fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, 1578; B.A., 1583; D.D., 1597; tutor to William Laud; prebendary of Rochester, 1687; chaplain to Archbishop Whitgift, 1596; rector of North Fambridge, Essex, 1696-9, and of North Kilworth, Leicestershire, 1599-1608; vicar of St. Giles, Cripplegate, 1604; president of St John's, Oxford, 1605-11; preached at Hampton Court, 1606; canon of Windsor, 1606: bishop of Rochester, 1611; voted in favour of the Earl of Essex's divorce, 1613; defended Dr. Richard Montague, 1626; bishop of Ely, 1628; edited Bishop Andrewes's sermons, 1629; published sermons.

[270] Buckhurst first Baron (1536–1608). See Thomas Sackville.

[271] Dukes of Buckingham . See STAFFORD, HUMPhrey, first DUKE, 1402–1460 ; STAFFORD, HENRY, second Duke 1454?–1483 ; STAFFORD, EDWARD, third DUKE, 1478-1521; VILLIERS, GEORGE, first DUKE of the second creation, 1592-1628; VILLIERS, GEORGE, second DUKE, 1628-1687.

[272] Buckingham first MARQUIS OF (1753–1813). See George Nugent-Temple-Grenville.

[273] Earl of Buckingham . See Thomas of Woodstock.

[274] Dukes of Buckingham and Chandos. See Richard Temple Nugent Brydges Chandos Grenville, first Duke 1776–1839 ; GRKNVILLK, RICHARD PLAN Temple Nugk Tagenet .VT BHYDGES (JHANDO8, Second Duke 1797–1861 ; GRKNVILLE, RICHARD PLANTAGENKT Temple Nugent Brydges Ohandos Gamprell , third

[275] James Silk Buckingham (178G-1856), author and traveller; at sea for several years from 17it;; journalist at Calcutta, 1818; expelled from India for attacks on the government, 1823; travelled in Syria and Palestine, 1H23; journalist in Loudou, 1824-30; M.P. for Sheffield, 1832-7; lied lu America, 1837-40, aui on the continent, iH7; re vived a pension, 1851; travelled as a lecturer; author of an autobiography, travels, utid temperance pamphlets.

[276] Leicester Silk Buckingham (1825–1867), dramatist: youngest sou of James Silk Buckingham ; travelled with his father; a popular lecturer, 1864; his first pieces put on the stage, 1856; produced historical treatises, comedies, anil farces.

[277] Osbern Buckingham (1393–1447?). See Bokenham.

[278] Buckinghamshire first Duke of (1648–1721). See John Sheffield.

[279] Earls of Buckinghamshire . See HOBART, John, first Earl, 1694?-1766 ; HOBART, JOHN, second Earl 1723–1793 ; HOBART, GEORGE, third EARL, 1732–1804; HOBART, ROBERT, fourth EARL, 1760-1815.

[280] Francis Trevelyan Buckland (1826–1880), naturalist; son of William Buckland; educated at Winchester, 1839-44; B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1848; studied surgery at St. George's Hospital, London, 1848-51; army surgeon in Loudou, 1854; contributor to the Field 1856-65: started Land and Water in 1866; inspector of salmon fisheries, 1867-80: published Curiosities of Natural History and kindred works.

[281] Ralph Buckland (1564–1611), Roman catholic divine; educated at Merchant TaylorsSchool, 1571, and Magdalen College, Oxford, 1579; law-student in London; studied at Reims and Rome, 1586; ordained priest, 1588; sent on the English mission; banished, 1606; author of theological works.

[282] William Buckland (1781–1856), geologist; educated at Winchester, 1798, and Corpus Christ), Oxford, 1801, fellow, 1808-25; made geological tour in the southwest of England, 1808-12; professor of mineralogy at Oxford, 1813, and reader in geology, 1819; canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1825; dean of Westminster, 1845-56; president of the Geological Society, 1824 and 1840; upheld the Mosaic account of the flood; wrote geological pipers.

[283] Sir Claude Henry Mason Buckle (1803–1894),ad_miral; entered Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, 1817; lieutenant, 1827; captain, 1815; flag-captain to Commodore Arthur Fanshawe on west coast of Africa, 1849-50; in Black Sea, 1854; C.B., 1865; superintendent Deptford dockyard, 1857-63; commauder-iu-chief at Queenstown, 1867-70; K.O.B., 1875; admiral, 1877. 1-1862), historian

[284] Henry Thomas Buckle (1821 of civilisation; son of a wealthy London shipowner; received no school or college training; being left independent at his father's death, devoted himself to travelling on the continent, where he acquired the principal languages, 1840 and 1843; settled in London, 1842; bought and read thousands of books, making careful notes; had settled the plan of his History of Civilisation in England by 1853; published the first volume, 1857, the second, 1861; died at Damascus on an Eastern tour; inclined to freethought in religion. Miscellaneous works by him appeared posthumously.

[285] Benjamin Buckler (1718–1780), antiquary; of Oriel College, Oxford, 1732; fellow of All Souls 1739; D.D., 1769; vicar of Cumnor, 1755; keeper of archives, Oxford, 1777-80; published Stemmata Chicheleana 1765.

[286] John Buckler (1770–1851), topographical artist ; practised as architect in London till 1826; issued aquatint engravings of colleges, cathedrals, tc., 1797-1815; exhibited in water-colours at the Royal Academy, 17961849; F.S.A.,1810.

[287] William Buckler (1814–1884), entomologist; exhibited water-colours at the Academy, 1836-56; a student of larva-.

[288] Cecil William Buckley (1828–1872), naval officer, 1846-72; received the Victoria cross for services in the Black Sea, 1865; captain R.N., 180i.

[289] John Buckley (d. 1598). See John Jones (martyr).

[290] Mrs Olivia Buckley (1799–1847), organist; daughter of Sophia Dussek; married a Mr. Buckley; wrote pianoforte music and songs, and published (1843) Musical Truths

[291] Robert Buckley or Sigebert (1517–1610), English Benedictine; professed at Westminster during the Marian revival, c. 1557; imprisoned as a recusant, 1560-1603, latterly at Framlingham; imprisoned in Loudon, 1605-10. He was the last of the old English Benedictine congregation, and surrendered his authority for perpetuating the succession to Thomas Preston, 1609.

[292] Theodore William Alois Buckley (1825–1856), translator from the classics; servitor of Christ Church, Oxford, 1845; chaplain; M.A., 1853; became a literary hack; author of classical translations and miscellaneous works.

[293] William Buckley (d. 1570?), mathematician ; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1545; tutor to the royal henchmen, 1550; taught mathematics at King's, Cambridge, c. 1552; published an arithmetical tract.

[294] William Buckley (1780–1856), colonist; enlisted, 1799; transported for a plot to shoot the Duke of Kent, 1802; escaped from Port Phillip, December 1803; lived with native tribes till July 1835; pardoned, and employed as interpreter; settled in Tasmania, 1837.

[295] James Buckman (1816–1884), geologist; studied natural science in London; professor at Oirencester Agricultural College, 1848-63; farmed land in Dorset, 1863-84; wrote botanical, geological, and agricultural papers.

[296] Thomas Buckmaster (. 1566), almanackmaker,

[297] William Buckmaster (d. 1545), divine; fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1517; D.D., 1528; carried to court as vice-chancellor the university's reply to Henry VIII's questions concerning his divorce, 1530; signed the articles of religion, 1536: prebendary of St. Paul's, 1539.

[298] Sir John Charles Bucknill (1817–1897), physician; educated at Rugby and University College, London; L.S.A., M.R.C.S., and M.B. London, 1840; M.D., 1852; first medical superintendent, Devon County Asylum, 1844-62: chancellor's medical visitor of lunatics, 1862-76; F.R.C.P., 1859; censor, 1879-80; Lumlcian lecturer, 1878: F.R.S., 1866; knighted, 1894; published 4 Manual of Psychological Medicine 1858, aud other works.

[299] Joseph Buckshorn (fl. 1670), Dutch painter; employed by Sir Peter Lely to fill in his canvases, 1670; painted portraits in Lely's manner.

[300] John Baldwin Buckstone (1802–1879), comedian; solicitor's clerk; went on the provincial stajre, c. 1820; performed at the Surrey Theatre, 1823; his first piece played, 1826; manager of the Haymarket, 1853-76; composed numerous farces.

[301] George Budd (fl. 1756), painter ; London hosier ; painted portraits and landscapes.

[302] George Budd (1808–1882), professor of medicine in King's College, London, 1840-63; fellow of Caius College, Cambridge, 1831; M.D., 1840; studied also in London aud Paris; physician to the hospital ship at Greenwich, 1837; practised in London, 1840-67; retired to Barnstaple; wrote medical tracts.

[303] Henry Budd (1774–1853), theologian: son of Richard Budd; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1801; chaplain of Bridewell Hospital, London, 1801-:U: rector of White Roothiug, Essex, 1808-53; published tracts.

[304] Richard Budd (1746–1821), physician : M.D. Jesus College, Cambridge, 1776; practised at Newbury, Berkshire; physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 17801801, and an active official of the Royal College of Physicians,

[305] William Budd (1811–1880), physician; studied medicine at London, Edinburgh, Paris; M.D. Edinburgh, 1838: practised at North Tawton, Devonshire, 1839, and in Bristol, 1842-73; made important researches into the conditions of zymotic diseases; published numerous medical papers.

[306] John Budden (1566–1620), professor of civil law at Oxford, 1611-20; scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1583; M.A. Gloucester Hall, 1589; philosophy reader of Magdalen College, and D.C.L., 1602; principal of New Inn Hall, 1609-18, and of Broadgates Hall, 1618-20; wrote two Latin biographies, 1602 and 1607.

[307] Adam Buddle (d. 1715), botanist; M.A. Cambridge, 1685; non-juror, 1689; possessed a fine collection of mosses and grasses; rector of North Fambridge, Essex, 1703; left an English flora in manuscript,

[308] John Buddle (1773–1843), mining engineer ; taught liy I, N father, a practical miner; manager of Wallseud colliery, 1806; made experiments on ventilation in mines and introduced an improved method of coal-working.

[309] Edward Budge (1800–1865), theological writer; B.A. Cambridge, 1824; vicar of Manaccan, Cornwall, 1839; rector of Bratton Clovelly, Devon, 1846-65; published sermons.

[310] Eustace Budgell (1686–1737), miscellaneous writer; cousin of Addisou; educated at Trinity College, Oxford, 1705; barrister of the Inner Temple; contributed to the 4 Spectator; held official posts in Ireland, 1714-18; travelled; ruined by the South Sea scheme, 1721; loet his reason; wrote against Walpole, 1728: journalist, 1733-5; accused of embezzlement; drowned himself.

[311] Samuel Budgett (1794–1851), a successful Bristol merchant.

[312] Joseph Budworth , afterwards Palmer 1815).

[313] William Budworth (d. 1745), schoolmaster; M.A. Cambridge, 1726; vicar of Brewood, Staffordshire, and master of the school there; declined the services of Samuel Johnson as usher, 1736.

[314] Eleanor Bufton , afterwards Mrs. Arthur Swanborough (1840?–1893), actress; appeared at St. James's, 1854; with Charles Kean at the Princess's, 1856-7; last appeared (1872) at Drury Lane. Her parts include Regan (Lear), Hermia(Midsummer Night's Dream), Ferdinand (Tempest), and Hero (Much Ado).

[315] Francis Bugg (1640–1724?), writer against Quakerism: wool-comber at Mildenhall, Suffolk, and, from boyhood, a quaker; suspected of informing against a quaker meeting, 1675; left the society after a long quarrel, 1680; issued virulent pamphlets against the quakers, 1682-1724.

[316] Bugga or Bugge, Saint (rf. 751). See Eadburga.

[317] Paul Buissiere or Buissière (d. 1739), anatomical writer: surgeon of Orange, France; Huguenot exile; settled in Copenhagen; naturalised in England, 1688; practised as surgeon in London.

[318] George Buist (1805–1860), journalist and man of science; studied at St. Andrews and Edinburgh; licentiate of the church of Scotland, 1826; newspaper editor in Dundee, Perth, and Cupar-Fife, 1832-8; LL.D.; edited the Bombay Times 1839-59: inspector of the Bombay observatories, 1842-59; published scientific and other papers

[319] Saint Buite (d. 521), born near Mellifout, Louth; visited Wales and Italy; returned through Germany and Scotland to Antrim, and thence to Louth, where he built Monasterboice, i.e. the Monastery of Buite.

[320] Arthur Bulkeley or Bokeley (d. 1553), bishop of Bangor; doctor of canon law, Oxford, 1525; m-tor of Llanddeusant, Anglesey, and canon of St. Asaph, 1525; rector of St. James, Garlick Hythe. London, 1531; prebendary of Clynnoc Vechan, 1537; bishop of Bangor, 1541; resident in his diocese; involved in lawsuits.

[321] Launcelot Bulkeley (1568?–1650), archbishop of Dublin: M.A. Oxford, 1593; beneficed in Wales, 1593ic-ti; archdeacon of Dublin, 1613-19; archbishop of Dublin, 1619; claimed the primacy unsuccessfully; imprisoned, 1647; his see sequestered by the Commonwealth, 1649.

[322] Sir Richard Bulkeley (1533–1621), knight; constable of Beaumaris, 1561; M.P. for Anglesey, 1570-1614; knighted, 167; a favourite courtier of Queen Elizabeth.

[323] Richard Bulkeley (d. 1650), royalist general; lost Anglesey, 1648.

[324] Sir Richard Bulkeley (1644–1710), enthusiast; M.A., and fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1681; succeeded to baronetcy of Dunlavan, 1685; took up with the so-called prophets of the Cevennes c. 1708; published pamphlets.

[325] Lady Sophia Bulkeley or (fl. 1688), a court beauty, 1668; married Henry Bulkeley, master of the household; lady of the bedchamber to James II's queen, and present at the birth of the Prince of Wales, 1688.

[326] Charles Bulkley (1719–1797), baptist minister ; educated at Northampton academy, 1736; presbyter ian minister at Welford, Northamptonshire, and Colchester; joined the general baptists; minister of that denomination in London, 1743-97; published philosophical tracts and sermons.

[327] Peter Bulkley (1583–1659), puritan divine; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1608; rector of Odell, Bedfordshire, 1620; ejected for contempt of church ceremonies, 1634?; emigrated to New England, 1635; founded Concord, 1636; pastor of Concord till death; published sermons.

[328] Daniel Bull (fl. 1657–1681), nonconformist divine; intruded minister of Stoke Newington, 1657-60; ejected, 1662; afterwards presbyterian minister in London; published sermons.

[329] George Bull (1634–1710), Anglican theologian; bishop of St. David's; left Exeter College, Oxford, 1649, to avoid taking the Engagement: educated privately; ordained secretly by Bishop Skinner, 1655; minister of St. George's, near Bristol; rector of Suddington St. Mary's, 1658-86; vicar of Suddington St. Peter's, Gloucestershire, 1662-86; published Harmonla Apostolica 1670; prebendary of Gloucester, 1678; published Defensio Fidei Nicaenae 1685; rector of Avening, Gloucestershire, 1685; D.D. Oxford, 1686; published Judicium Ecclesiae Catholicae 1694; bishop of St. David's, 1705; published theological works and sermons.

[330] Henry Bull (d. 1575?), theologian; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; B.A., 1539; ejected from his fellowship by Queen Mary's commissioners, 1563; published theological works and (1577) translated Luther's Psalmi Graduum.

[331] John Bull (1563?–1628), composer; Mus.Bac. Oxford, 1586; Mus.Doc., 1592; chorister of the Chapel Royal, c. 1572; organist of Hereford Cathedral, 1582; singing-man of the Chapel Royal, 1585, and organist, 1591-1613; professor of music at Gresham College, 1597-1607; travelled in France and Germany, 1601; conductor at the entertainment of James I and Prince Henry by the Merchant Taylors Company, 1607; musician to Prince Henry, 1611; left England, 1613; an organist of the Chapel Royal, Brussels, c. 1614; organist of Antwerp Cathedral, 1617-28.

[332] John Bull (d. 1642), a London weaver; imprisoned for pretending to inspiration, 1636.

[333] William Bull (1738–1814), congregationalist minister; studied at Daventry academy, 1759; pastor at Newport Pagnel, 1764, and conducted school on a large scale from 1783 onwards; friend of Rev. John Newton of Olney, and of the poet Cowper.

[334] Thomas Bullaker, in religion John Baptist (1604?-1642), catholic martyr; educated at St. Omer and Valladolid, where he became a Franciscan; studied theology at Segovia; worked In the English mission; executed for celebrating mass.

[335] Richard Bullein (d. 1563), physician.

[336] William Bullein (,. 157ti), physician; rector of Hiuxhull. Suffolk, 1550-3: studk-d m.-dieim- abroad: ru.sidi.il in London from 15C1. Mi- Itonke of Simples (part of his Hul warke against Sickue* 1562) is one of the earliest English herbal. A Dialogue against the Fever Pestilence appeared 1564.

[337] Sir Charles Bullen (1769–1853), naval officer; served in Mediterranean and, after 1801, on west coast of Africa; commanded the Britannia at Trafalgar, 1805; rear-admiral, 1837; K.C.B., 139; admiral, 1852.

[338] George Bullen (1816–1894), keeper of printed books at British Museum; supernumerary assistant in department of printed books in British Museum, 1838; senior assistant, 1850; superintendent of reading room, 18U6; keeper of printed books, 1875-90; assisted in compiling printed catalogue; F.S.A., 1877; hou. LL.D. Glasgow, 1889; CJJ., 1890.

[339] Charles Buller (1806–1848), liberal politician; taught by Thomas Carlyle, 1822-5; B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 182; M.P. for West Looe, Cornwall, 1830-1; called to bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1831; M.P. for Liskeard, 1832-48; secretary to the governor-general of Canada, 1838; judge-advocate-geueral, 1846; chief poor law commissioner, 1847; published pamphlets.

[340] Sir Francis Buller (1746–1800), judge; special pleader, 1765; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1772; judge of the county palatine of Chester, 1777; justice of the king's bench, 1778; created baronet, 1790; justice of the common pleas, 1794-1800.

[341] Sir George Buller (1802–1884), general; entered the army, 1820; colonel, 1841; commanded brigade, and afterwards division, in the Kaffir and Boer wars, 1847-8 and 1852-3; commanded brigade in the Crimea, 1854; wounded at Inkerman; K.C.B., 1855; lieutenant-general, 1862; general, 1871.

[342] John Bullingham (d. 1598), bishop of Gloucester; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1550; a catholic; withdrew to Rouen; was restored to his fellowship, and graduated M.A., 1554; chaplain to Bishop Gardiner; rector of Boxwell, Gloucestershire, 1554; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1565; rector of St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street, 1566: D.D., 1568; prebendary of Lincoln, 1568; canon of Worcester, 1570; rector of Withingtou, Gloucestershire, of Burton-by-Lincoln, and of Brington, Huntingdon, 1671; bishop of Gloucester, 1581-98, holding also the see of Bristol iii commendam, 1581-9 scurrilously attacked by Martin Marprelate.

[343] Nicholas Bullingham (1512?–1576), bishop of Lincoln and Worcester; fellow of All SoulsCollege Oxford, 1636; B.C.L., 1541; studied canon law; chaplain to Archbishop Craumer; prebendary of Lincoln 1647 rector of Thimbleby, Lincolnshire, 1552; deprived of his preferments, as being married, 1553; withdrew to Emden; restored to his prefermente, 1558; chaplain to Archbishop Parker; LL.D. Cambridge, 1559; bishop of Lincoln, 1560; purged King's College, Cambridge, of Romanism 1566; translated to Worcester, 1571.

[344] Richard Bullingham (fl. 1360). See Billingham.

[345] John Bulloch (1805–1882), author of 'Studies of the Text of Shakespeare 1878; worked at Aberdeen as mechanic.

[346] Christopher Bullock (1690?-1724), comedian; son of William Bullock (1657?-1740?) first appeared in 1708 at Drury Lane; attached to the Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, 1715-24; produced seven plays, some possibly written by other hands,

[347] George Bullock (1521?–1580?), Roman catholic divine; fellow of St John's College, Cambridge: B.A., 1539; witness at Bishop Gardiner's trial, 1651; withdrew to Nevers in France; canon of Durham, 1564; B.D., 1654 master of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1554, and Lady Margaret professor of divinity, 1666; vicar of St. Sepulchre, London, 1656-6; rector of Much Munden, Hertfordshire, 1556; deprived of his preferments for recusancy, 1559; divinity lecturer at Antwerp, 1567; died at Antwerp; author of Economia Concordantiarum Scripturae sacrae 1567. I

[348] Henry Bullock, latinised Bovillus (d. 1526) divine; B.A. Cambridge, 1504, and fellow of Queens' College, 1506; D.D., 1520; studied Greek and lectured on St. Matthew; friend of Erasmus; rector of St. Martin's, Ludgate, 1522-6; published Latin orations and epistles.

[349] William Bullock (1657?–1740?), comedian; first mentioned in 1696; attached to Lincoln's Inn Fields 1 Theatre, 1716 till death.

[350] William Bullock (fl. 1827), antiquary and ; naturalist; Liverpool goldsmith; exhibited a museum of curiosities, 1808; exhibited his collections in London, I 1812-19; sold them, 1819; travelled in Mexico, 1822, and on his return exhibited his Mexican collections; travelled ! in the States and Mexico, 182G-7; perhaps settled in Cincinnati; published narrative of his travels.

[351] William Thomas Bullock (1818–1879), theological writer; B.A. Oxford, 1847; assistant secretary, 1850, and secretary, 1865-79, of the Society for the Propagation of th Gospel; published biblical papers and sermons,

[352] John Bullokar (fl. 1622), lexicographer ; physician at Chichester; published * An English Expositor 1616 (3rd edit. 1641), and a metrical life of Christ, 1618.

[353] William Bullokar (fl. 1586), phonetist ; engaged in tuition, 1550; served in the army, 1557; again employed in teaching, 1573; advocated spelling reform in a pamphlet, 1575, and in a book, 158U; translated Esop's Fables 1585; issued an English grammar, 1586.

[354] Agnes Bulmer (1775–1836), poetess; wrote Messiah's Kingdom 1833.

[355] William Bulmer (1757–1830), printer; apprenticed at Newcastle-on-Tyne; friend of Thomas Bewick; printed under his own name in London, 1791-1819.

[356] Edward Bulstrode (1588–1659), lawyer ; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1613; a justice of North Wales, 1649, and in Warwickshire, 1653; published law reports.

[357] Sir Richard Bulstrode (1610–1711), diplomatist; second son of Edward Bulstrode; educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge; entered the Inner Temple, 1633; served in the king's army, 1642, ultimately becoming quartermaster-general; agent at Brussels, 1673: knighted, 1676; envoy at Brussels, 1676-88; followed James II to St. Germains; author of Life of James II

[358] Whitelocke Bulstrode (1650–1724), essayist: second son of Sir Richard Bulstrode; entered the Inner Temple, 1664; commissioner of excise; bought Houuslow manor, Middlesex, 1705; published controversial tracts and essays.

[359] Henry Bellenden Bulteel (1800–1866), theologian; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 1823-9; M.A., 1824; curate in Oxford, 1826; preached in dissenting chaiels; left the Anglican church and built a chapel in. Oxford, 1831; adopted some of Edward Irving's ideas, 1832; published controversial tracts.

[360] John Bulteel (fl. 1683), miscellaneous writer; issued pamphlets, romances, and translations between 1656 and 1683.

[361] Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer, Baron Lytton. See Lytton.

[362] John Bulwer (ft. 1654), physician; published Philocophus, or the Deafe and Dumbe Man's Friend 1648, advocating the instruction of deaf-mutes, partly by gestures, partly by reading the lips (an idea borrowed from the Spanish); published medical and rhetorical treatises.

[363] Rosina Boyle Bulwer , Lady Lytton (1804-1882), novelist. See Lytton.

[364] William Henry Lytton Earle Bulwer , Baron Dalling and Bulwer (1801–1872), diplomatist, better known as Sir Henry Bulwer; educated at Harrow and at Trinity and Downing colleges, Cambr published poems, 1822; in Om-w, acting for the revolutionary committee, 1824; army officer, 1825-9; attache at Berlin, 1827, Vienna, 1829, and the Hayue, 1H30; in during the revolution, 1830: M.P. for Wilton, 183U, for Coventry, 1831, and for Murylebone, 135; chaivc V~lr;IH; d'alTain-- nt I;I-U-"M-IS, 1835; secretary of embassy at Constantinople, 1H37; charge d'affaires at 1'uris, ln:9; iimbiKsa-lor at.Ma.lri.l, 1H43-8; K.O.B., 1848; ambassador I at Washington, 1849; concluded the Bolwer-Glajtop treaty: minister at Florence, 152; commissioner in the Daniibian principalities, 185G; ambassador at Constantinople, Ifvvs-iio; M.I for Tamworth, 1868; created Baron Dulling and Bulwer, 1871; published historical works.

[365] William Maclardie Bunting (1805-1866), eldest son of Jabez Bunting; minister.

[366] Sir Henry Edward Bunbury (1778–1860), seventh baronet (succeeded, 1820), of Mildenhall, Suffolk, soldier and historian: son of Henry William Bunbury fa. Y.I; fdiicat.-d at Westminster; served in the army, 17U5-lHm: distinguished himself at the battle of Maida, 1806; undersecretary of state for war, 1809-16; major- i urt-ni-ral and K.C.B., 1H15; conveyed to Napoleon sentence of deixjrtntion to St. Helena, 1815; M.P. for Suffolk, 1830; j a pioneer of the volunteer movement, 1859; author of j military narratives.

[367] Henry William Bunbury (1750–1811), artist and caricaturist; educated at Westminster and St. Catharine -I Hall, Cambridge; travelled in France and Italy before 1771: chiefly drew in pencil and chalk, and had" his designs reproduced by engravers: executed numerous drawings, especially burlesque. vii. 267)

[368] Richard Bundy (d. 1739), divine; B.A. Oxford 1713; chaplain in ordinary to George II; D.D. Lambeth; vicar of St. Bride's, Fleet Street, and prebendary of Westminster, 1732-3; published sermons and translations.

[369] Thomas Bungay (fl. 1290), Franciscan; studied at Paris; divinity lecturer of his order in Oxford and Cambridge; provincial minister in England; vulgarly accounted a magician.

[370] Alfred Bunn (1796?–1860), theatrical manager; nicknamed Poet Bunn; stage-manager of Drury Lane, 1823; manager of Birmingham Theatre, 1826; manager of Drury Lane and Covent Garden theatres, 1833-48; brought out English operas; published verses.

[371] Margaret Agnes Bunn (1799–1883), actress ; nte Somerville; first appeared at Drury Lane, 1816, at Covent Garden, 1818; married Alfred Bunn, 1819; acted at Drury Lane, 1823; retired while still young.

[372] James Bunstone Bunning (1802–1863), architect; entered his father's office, 1815; surveyor to several public bodies and companies, 1825 onwards; architect to the city of London, 1843-1863.

[373] Edmund Bunny (1540–1619), theological writer; B.A. and fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1560; entered Gray's Inn, 1561; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1564; fellow of Merton, 1565: B.D., 1570; chaplain to Archbishop Grindal, 1570: sub-dean of York, 1570-9; prebendary of York, 1576; rector of Bolton Percy, Yorkshire, 1575-1600, prebendary of Carlisle, 1585; travelled over England, preaching; wrote doctrinal and devotional tracts.

[374] Francis Bunny (1543–1617), theological writer; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1561-72; M.A., 1567; prebendary of Durham, 1572; archdeacon of Northumberland, 1573-8; rector of Ryton, Durham, 1578 till death; author of devotional tracts.

[375] Frances Bunsen (1791–1876), nee Waddington : Welsh heiress; married at Rome, 1817, Baron Christian Bunsen (German ambassador, 1841-54); at Carlsruhe, 1855-76; published Memoir of Baron Buusen 1868.

[376] Edward Bunting (1773–1843), musician; organist and music-teacher in Belfast, 1784; travelled in Ireland, collecting old Irish airs, 1792; published two series of these, 1796 and 1809; settled in Dublin, 1819; published a third collection, 1840.

[377] Jabez Bunting (1779–1858), Wesleyan methodist ; studied medicine, c. 1793; admitted a Wesleyan minister, 1799; served at many centres; stationed at headquarters in London, 1833: president of the theological institute, 1835; organised the connexion, and completed its severance from the Anglican church; published sermons. at various centres, 1828-49; published sermons and hymns.

[378] John Bunyan (1028–1688), author of 'Pilgrim's Progress; son of Thomas Bunyan (rf. 1676), tinsmith, of Klstow, near Bedford; learned reading and writing; was early set to his father's trade; lost his mother, June 1644; enlisted that year, in anger at his father's re- marriage, possibly in the parliamentary forces (stationed at Newport Pagnel, 1644-6); deeply moved by the death of a comrade, shot while serving in his place; profited by two devotional books belonging to his wife; gave up amusements and a bad habit of swearing: read the bible narratives; attended church services; overheard a religious conversation of certain poor women in Bedford, and in 1653 joined their society, which then met in St. John's Church, under Mr. Gifford (d. c. 1656), an ex-royalist officer; removed from Klstow to Bedford, 1655; chosen deacon in his church: began to preach; lost his wife, c. 1656, and was left with four young children, one of them blind; his first publicationsSome Gospel Truths opened 1656, andA Vindicationof it, 1657, both directed against the quakers; being set apart as a preacher, 1657, preached throughout the district, still working at his craft; indicted at the assizes in consequence of the opposition of the settled presbyterian clergy, 1658; married, c. 1659, his second wife. Elizabeth (d, 1691); arrested for preaching, 12 Nov. 1660, and imprisoned, the laws against unlicensed preaching being rigorously enforced; allowed out of prison, pending trial, to preach at his meeting-house; sentenced to a short term of imprisonment at the Bedford assizes, January 1661, but, refusing to discontinue public preaching, was kept in prison (with an interval of a few weeks in 1666) till the spring of 1672, when he was released by Charles II's Declaration of Indulgence; allowed much freedom in prison, making tagged laces for a living, preaching to the prisoners, and writing numerous pieces, prose and verse. He is supposed to have undergone a short imprisonment in 1675, and to have then written his Pilgrim's Progress published in 1678. Otherwise he was unmolested, and from 1672 till death preached in many places, especially in London, and wrote largely. He was buried in Bunhill Fields, London. His collected works were published in 1736.

[379] James Burbage (d. 1597), actor; a joiner by trade; one of the Earl of Leicester's players, 1574; leased land in Finsbury Fields (1576), on which he erected, of wood, the first building in England specially intended for plays; acquired a house in Blackfriars, and converted it into Blackfriars Theatre 1596; lived in Holywell Street, Shoreditch, 1576-97. The first English playhouse is mentioned in an order of council, August 1577, and was known as The Theatre; the fabric was removed, c. December 1598, to the Bankside and set up as the Globe Theatre.

[380] Richard Burbage (1567?–1619), actor; son of James Burbage, from whom he inherited a share in Blackfriars Theatre, and an interest in the Globe Theatre (burnt down 1613); acted as a boy at the theatre in Shoreditch; was an actor of repute by 1588; an actor of chief parts, 1595-1618, in plays by Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and Beaumont and Fletcher: excelled in tragedy; lived in Holywell Street, Shoreditch, 1603-19; known also as a painter in oil-colours.

[381] Edward Burch (fl. 1771), artist; art-student, 1769; R.A., 1771; exhibited at the Academy, 1771-1808; miniature-painter; librarian of the Royal Academy, 1780.

[382] Saint Burchard (rf. 754), first bishop of Würzburg; reputed of English origin; evangelised the district : of the Main; consecrated bishop of Würzburg, 741; resigned, 751 retired to a monastery at Homburg; canonised, 984; some manuscript sermons ascribed to him.

[383] William John Burchell (1782?–1863), explorer and naturalist; botanist at St. Helena, 1805-10; studied Cape-Dutch at Cape Town, 1810; travelled extensively in South Africa, 1811-15, making scientific observations, and collecting natural history specimens: published account of his travels, 1822: at Lisbon, 1825; at Rio Janeiro, 1825-6; travelled in the Brazilian forests, 1826-9, collecting plants and insects; hon. D-O.L. Oxford, 1834. Botanical manuscripts by him are at Kew.

[384] Josiah Burchett (1666? -1746), secretary of the admiralty: clerk to Samuel Pepys, 1680-7: secretary to AdBdnlBdwmrd Hu.wll. 164,and perhaps curlier; jo'intaeoretary, 1695, anil sole secretary, 1G9S-1742, of the admiralty: M.P. for Sandwich, 1703-13, 1721-41; publi.-hwi a iiaval history, 1720.

[385] Richard Burchett (1815–1875), historical painter; student at the School of Design at Somerset Hou~e, 1HJ1; headed agitation against the management: assistant-master, and, 1851, head-master of the art school. South Kensington; exhibited at the Academy, 1847-73; published treatises on drawing.

[386] John Lewis Burckhardt (1784–1817), traveller in the East; educated at Leipzig, 1800, and Gbttingen, 1804; came to England, 1806; studied Arabic at Cambridge and Malta, 1809: travelled, disguised as a Mohammedan trader of Hindustan, from the coast to Aleppo; resided at Aleppo two years, studying Arabic and Mohammedan law; made a tour to Palmyra, Damascos, Baalbek, 1810: journeyed through Palestine and Arabia to Egypt, 1812; travelled along the Nile above Assouan, 1813; journeyed through Abyssinia to Suakim, 1814: crossed to Jeddah: went, in the train of the viceroy of Egypt, to Mekka and Medina, 1815: journeyed to Suez and Sinai, 1816; died at Cairo; published travels.

[387] George Burder (1752–1832), congregationalist theologian; engraver, 1778; took to preaching, 1776; pastor at Lancaster, 1778; travelling preacher in England and Wales; pastor at Coventry, 1784: pastor of the Fetter Lane, London, congregation, 1803-32; secretary of the London Missionary Society, 1803-27; a founder of the London Missionary Society, 1795, of the Religious Tract Society, 1799, and of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 1804; edited devotional books.

[388] Henry Forster Burder (1783–1864), congregationalist; eldest son of George Burder; a merchant's clerk; studied at Hoxton Academy and Glasgow University; M.A. Glasgow, 1807; professor of philosophy and mathematics, Hoxton College, 1810-30; pastor in Hackney, 1814-52; published sermons and devotional books; D.D. Glasgow.

[389] Samuel Burder (1773–1837), divine; congregational minister at St. Albans; ordained in the Anglican church, c. 1809; preacher in various London churches; published theological works. sician 1815 bridge Wells.

[390] Sir Francis Burdett (1770–1844), politician; educated at Westminster and Oxford; travelled on the continent; was in Paris during the early part of the French revolution: returned to England and married Sophia Ooutts, 1798; M.P. for Boroughbridge, 1796; advocated parliamentary reform, and denounced the war with France; suffered heavy expenses over the disputed election for Middlesex, 1802-6; M.P. for Westminster, 1807-37; denounced flogging in the army and corruption in parliament; imprisoned on political charges, 1810, and again, 1820; after Reform Bill inclined to the conservatives; conservative M.P. for North Wilts, 1837-44.

[391] William Burdon (1764–1818), miscellaneous writer; wealthy coal-owner; educated at Newcastle-onTyne; fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1788-96: M.A., 1788; lived near Morpeth; published political pamphlets.

[392] Samuel Burdy (1760?–1820), historian; B.A. Trinity College. Dublin, 1781; curate of Ardglass, 1783, and incumbent of Kilclief, co. Down, c. 1800-20; published 1 History of Ireland memoirs, and poem*,

[393] John Burell (fl. 1590), poet. See Burrel.

[394] Burford first Earl of (1670–1726). See Charles Beauclerk.

[395] Robert Burford (1791–1861), artist: exhibited panoramas in Leicester Square, praised by Ruskin; exhibited at the Academy from 1812.

[396] Thomas Burford (I. 1740–1766), mezzotint engraver, chiefly of portraits.

[397] Cornelius Burges or Burgess (1589?–1665), puritan divine; B.A. Wadham College, Oxford, 1615; M.A. Lincoln College, 1618; D.D., 1627; rector of St. Magnus, London Bridge, 1626-41; chaplain in ordinary to Charles I, e. 1626: brought before the court of high commission, 1636, for charging the bishops with favouring Arminianism and Romanism; conveyed to Charles I at York the petition of the London clergy againstthe etcetera oath 1640; of great influence with the House of Commons; put forward as spokesman of the proposal to suppress cathedrals, 1641; chaplain to Essex's regiment of horse, 1642: a vice-president of the Westminster assembly, 1643; opposed imposition ofcovenant 1648; lecturer at St. Paul's and resident in the deanery, 1644; agitated against the execution of Charles 1, 1649; preacher at Wells Cathedral, 1650-60; bought the deanery and part of the cathedral estates; ruined by their forfeiture, 1660; sold his library; published sermons and controversial tracts.

[398] George Burges (1786?-1864), classical scholar; educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1810; long a private tutor in Cambridge; attacked Blomfleld in Valpy'sClassical Journal published classical texts and translations, includingGreek Anthology for Bohn's classical library.

[399] Sir James Bland Burges (1752–1824), politician; known as Sir James Lamb after 1821, by royal license; educated at Westminster and University College, Oxford; travelled on the continent, 1773; barrister of Lincoln's Inn, 1777; commissioner in bankruptcy, 1777; M.P. for Helston, Cornwall, 1787-90: supported Warren Hastings when impeached; advocated abolition of slavery and amelioration of conditions of imprisonment for debt; under-secretary for foreign affairs, 1789-95; created baronet, 1795; wrote poems, plays, and epigrams.

[400] John Burges (1745–1807), physician ; educated at Westminster; M.D. Christ Church, Oxford, 1774; physician to St. George's Hospital, London, 1 774-87; made collections for Materia Medica

[401] Mary Anne Burges (1763–1813), authoress, linguist, and naturalist.

[402] William Burges (1827–1881), architect ; trained by Edward Blore, 1844, and Digby Wyatt, 1849; studied mediaeval architecture on the continent; employed, 1856 onwards, in important buildings and restorations; designed Brisbane Cathedral, 1859, and Cork Cathedral, 1862; restored Cardiff Castle, 1865; wrote architectural papers.

[403] Anthony Burgess (. 1662), nonconformist; entered St. John's College, Cambridge, 1623; fellow of Emmanuel College; chaplain to the parliamentary garrison, Coventry; member of the Westminster Assembly; rector of Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire; ejected, 1662; author of sermons and doctrinal treatises.

[404] Daniel Burgess (1645–1713), nonconformist: educated at Westminster; entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1660: acted as domestic chaplain to nonconformist gentry; master of Oharleville school, co. Cork; ordained by the presbytery of Dublin; imprisoned at Marlborough for preaching, 1674; pastor to a congregation in London, 1685-1713; his meeting-house sacked by the Sacheverell mob, 1710; published sermons and devotional pieces.

[405] Daniel Burgess (rf. 1747), secretary to Princess Sophia, 1714, at Hanover, and afterwards to the Princess of Wales; son of Daniel Burgess (1645-1713); in the government service, 1702; obtained the government grant (regium donum) for English dissenting ministers, !723.

[406] Henry Burgess (1808–1886), divine ; educated at Stepney dissenting college; nonconformist minister; ordained in the Anglican church, 1850; LL.D. Glasgow, 1851; Ph.D. Gbttingen, 1862; incumbent of Clifton Reynes, Buckinghamshire, 1854-61; vicar of Whittlesea Cambridgeshire, 1861-86; published essays and translations from the Syriac.

[407] John Burgess (1563–1635), puritan; B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1586; rector of St. Peter Hungate, Norwich, 1590; resigned in consequence of the surplice question, c. 1591; beneficed in Lincoln diocese, c. 1596; imprisoned for sermon preached at Greenwich before James I, 1604; led the opposition to the 1603 canons; ejected from his benefice; retired to Leiden, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D.; incorporated M.D. at Cambridge; returned to England, c. 1612; forbidden to practise in London; practised medicine at Isleworth, Middlesex: preacher at Bishopsgate; rector of Sutton Coldfield, Warwick, 1617-35; chaplain to Sir Horatio Vere abroad, 1620; prebendary of Lichfield, 1625; published controversial tracts.

[408] John Burgess (d. 1671), nonconformist; intruded rector of Ashprington, Devonshire; ejected, 1662; retired to Dartmouth; afterwards pastor at Hackney; kept a boarding-school at Islington.

[409] John Bagnold Burgess (1829–1897), painter; grandson of William Burgess (1749 ?-1812); studied at I toy al Academy; exhibited at Academy first in 1860, and regularly, 1852-97; visited Spain, 1858, and after, the majority of his pictures being studies of Spanish life and character; R.A., 1889.

[410] John Cart Burgess (1798–1863), painter of tlmv.Ts in water-colours; teacher of painting; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1812; published treatises on painting and perspective.

[411] Joseph Tom Burgess (1828–1886), antiquary; wood enirraver at Northampton, c. 1844; went with Dr. David Alfred Doudney to Ireland, and became editor of Clare Journal; edited various local newspapers in England and published miscellaneous works, including 4 Historic Warwickshire 1876.

[412] Richard Burgess (1796–1881), divine; of St. John's College, Cambridge; priest, 1823: Anglican chaplain at Geneva, 1828, and Rome, 1831; rector of Upper Chrl-ta, 1836-61; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1850; rector of Horniugsheath, Suffolk, 1869.

[413] Thomas Burgess ( ft. 1786), historical painter; exhibited in London, 1766; exhibited at the Academy, 1778-86; taught drawing in London.

[414] Thomas Burgess (1784?-1807), painter; son of William Burgess (1749 ?-1812); exhibited at the Academy, 1802-6.

[415] Thomas Burgess (1756–1837), bishop of St. David's and Salisbury; educated at Winchester and Corpus Christi College, Oxford; B.A., 1778; fellow, 1783; resided in Oxford till 1791; prebendary of Durham, 1794; rector of Winston, Durham, 1795; bishop of St. David's, 1803; worked hard for his diocese; founded St. David's College, Lampeter, for education of Welsh clergy, 1822; translated to Salisbury, 1825; author of charges, sermons, and pamphlets; D.D.

[416] Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), catholic prelate; educated at Ampleforth; Benedictine monk, 1807; secular priest, 1830; priest of Portland Chapel, Bath, 1832; bishop of Clifton, 1851; D.D.

[417] William Burgess (U49 ?-1812), painter ; son of Thomas Burgess (fl.–1786); exhibited In London, 1769; exhibited at the Academy, 1774-99; teacher of drawing.

[418] William Burgess (1755?-1813), engraver ; issued prints of Lincolnshire churches; baptist minister at Fleet, Lincolnshire.

[419] William Oakley Burgess (1818–1844), mezzotint engraver; pupil of Thomas Goff Lupton; engraved pictures by Sir Thomas Lawrence.

[420] Benedict Burgh (fl. 1472), translator of Cato's precepts, printed by Caxton, 1483; rector of Sandon, Essex, 1440; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1472.

[421] Hubert de Burgh (d. 1243), chief justiciar ; of Norinan-Irish birth; employed by Richard I; envoy from King John to Portugal, 1200; chamberlain to King John, 1201; perhaps gaoler of John's nephew, Arthur, at Falaise, 1202; envoy to Philip of France, 1203; defended Chinon, 1204; seneschal of Niort and Poitou, 1214; named a conservator of Magna Charta, and appointed justiciar, 1215; defended Dover Castle against French, 1216; continued in the jnsticiarship after John's death; destroyed the French fleet off North Foreland, August, 1217; head of the national party against the foreigners and the bishop of Winchester, 1219; married (his fourth wife) Mareraret, sister of Alexander II of Scotland, 1221; demanded the surrender of the royal castles held by nobles, 1221; defeated the nobles' plot to seize the king, 1223; advised Henry III to declare himself of full age and banish the bishop of Winchester, 1227; created Earl of Kent, 1227; violently attacked by Henry III in consequence of the lack of money in the treasury, 1229; deprived of power by combination of the church, the nobles, and the Londoners, 1231; granted justiciarship of Ireland, June 1232; dismissed from office, July 1232, and accused of many crimes; imprisoned in the tower, 1232, and In Devizes Castle, February 1233; escaped to Chepstow, November 1233, to Richard, carl of Pembroke; his outlawry reversed and earldom restored, 1234; reconciled to the bishop of Winchester, 1237; acquitted after a renewal of the old charges, 1239.

[422] James Burgh (1714–1775), political writer ; educated at St. Andrews; press corrector, afterwards usher, in London; kept private school at Stoke Newington, 1747-71; author of Political Disquisitions 1774-6, and pamphlets.

[423] Sir John Burgh (1562–1594), military and naval commander; took troops from Lincolnshire to serve in Netherlands, 1585; knighted; governor of Duesburg; governor of the Briel, 1588; commanded one of the English regiments which helped Henry IV of France, 1589-90: knighted on the field at Ivry, 1590; commanded the squadron which captured the great Spanish treasure-ship off the Azores, 1592; killed in a duel respecting the plunder.

[424] Richard de Burgh (d. 1243), Irish settler; dispossessed by King John of his lauds in Connaught; pilgrim to Compostella, 1222; restored by Henry III, 1222; fought against Aedh O'Conor of Connaught, 1230; invaded the Irish estates of Richard, the earl marshal, and contributed to his death, 1234; sailed to join Henry III in France; died in France.

[425] Richard de Burgh , second Earl of Ulster and fourth Earl of Connaught (1259 ?-1326), eldest son of Walter de Burgh, earl of Ulster; succeeded to earldom, 1271; made war on his late guardian, 1282; i ravaged Connaught, 1286; deposed Brian O'Neill and made Niall Culauach O'Neill, king of Ireland, 1286; ceded Isle of Man to Edward 1, 1290: conquered Magnus O'Conor of Connaught, 1292; summoned by Edward to serve in France, 1294; imprisoned by Fitzgerald, his feudal enemy, 1294-5; made Aedh O'Conor chief in Connaught, 1296; joined Edward I in Scotland, 1296; summoned to serve in France, 1297; served in Scotland, 1304; built Sligo Castle, 1310; at war with other Irish nobles, 1311; made Felim O'Conor chief in Connaught, 1315; fought against Edward Bruce, 1315; imprisoned at Dublin, 1317, in order that he might not join his son-in-law, Robert Bruce; frequently summoned to serve with Edward II in Scotland till 1322.

[426] Ulick de Burgh , fifth Earl and Marquis of Clanricarde (1604–1657), succeeded to earldom, 1635; served with Charles I against Scots, 1639; of suspected loyalty, 1641; Charles I's commissioner to meet the Irish confederates, 1643; commander of the forces in Connaught, 1644; created marquis, 1645; tried to reconcile the Irish to Charles I, 1646; reduced Galway, 1648; deputy in Ireland for Ormonde, December 1650: distrusted by the Irish; capitulated to the parliament, 1652.

[427] Sir Ulysses Bagenal Burgh, second Baron Downes (1788–1863), general; ensign, 1804; captain, 1806; aide-de-camp to Wellington in Peninsula, 1809-14; lieutenant-colonel, 1812; K.C.B., 1814; colonel, 1826; succeeded to barony, 1826; clerk of the ordnance, 1828-1830; general, 1864.

[428] Walter de Burgh , called Earl of Ulster(d. 1271), second son of Richard de Burgh (d. 1243) ; succeeded his brother in the estates, 1248; granted possession, 1250; came of age, 1253; at war with the Irish of Connaught, 1256-70; at war with Fitzgerald, 1264-5.

[429] Walter Hussey Burgh (1742–1783), Irish lawyer; known as Walter Hussey till 1762; B.A. Dublin, 1762; married, 1767; Irish barrister, 1769; M.P. in the Irish parliament for Athy, 1769, and for Dublin University, 1776; prime Serjeant, 1777; advocated free trade; opposed the union, chief baron of the Irish exchequer, 1782; celebrated orator.

[430] William de Burgh (d. 1204), Anglo-Norman baron of Ireland: from 1200 harried the Connaught Irish, supporting the attempts of the pretender, Cathal Carrach, to dispossess Cathal Crobhderg of the throne of Couuaught.

[431] William de Burgh , sixth Lord of Connaught and third Earl of Ulster (1312-1332), succeeded as a minor, 1326; knighted, and obtained possession of his estates, 1328: at war with the O'Brians, 1328-30; attended parliament in Dublin, 1329; at war with Fitzgerald, 13IJO: imprisoned: iu England, 1331; at war with Sir Walter de Burgh, 1332.

[432] William Burgh (1741–1808), controversialist: an Irish landowner: with Walter Huasey Burgh M.P. for Athy, 1769-76; advocated abolition of slavery: opposed the union; hon. D.O.L. Oxford, 1788; wrote against unitarianisin.

[433] Edward Burghall (d. 1665), puritan ; schoolmaster at Bunbury, Cheshire, 1632; plundered by royalist troops, 1643; intruded vicar of Acton, Cheshire, 1646-62; taught school, 1663; left diary in manuscript

[434] Michael Burghers (1653?–1727), engraver; born in Amsterdam; settled in Oxford, 1673; engraved for the university press, 1676-1720; engraver to the university, 1692; principally engraved portraits.

[435] Baron Burghersh . See Francis Fane.

[436] Bartholomew Burghersh, Baron Burghersh the elder (d. 1355), succeeded to barony, 1310 : served in Scotland, 1317; imprisoned in the Tower, 1321; constable of Dover Castle frequently from 1327; chamberlain of Edward III and his attendant in France and Scotland; envoy to Philip of France, 1329; admiral of Channel fleet, 1337; served in Gascony, 1349.

[437] Bartholomew Burghersh, Baron Burgersh, the younger (d. 1369), son of Bartholomew, baron Burghersh, the elder; served in Flanders, 1339, in Brittany, 1342-3, at Crecy, 1346, at Calais, 1347, in Qasoony, 1349; K.G., 1350; pilgrim to Palestine, 1354; succeeded his father, 1355; served in France, 1355-6, and 1359-60; commissioner on the state of Ireland, 1362, and to Pope Urban V, 1366.

[438] Henry Burghersh (1292–1340), bishop of Lincoln; studied abroad; proposed for the see of Winchester by his family, 1319; intruded into the see of Lincoln, 1320; his temporalities seized by Edward II, 1322, but restored, 1324 ?; supported Queen Isabella, 1326; commissioner to obtain Edward IPs abdication, 1327; lord treasurer, 1327: lord chancellor, 1328-30: candidate for see of Canterbury, 1328; accompanied Edward III to France, 1329; baptised the Prince of Wales, 1330; imprisoned in Tower, 1330: lord treasurer, 1334-7; employed by Edward III in Flanders, 1338, in the southern counties, 1340, and again in Flanders, 1340, where he died.

[439] Barons Burghley . See CECIL, WILLIAM, first Baron 1620–1598; CECIL, THOMAS, second BARON, 1542-1622.

[440] Edward Burgis (1673?–1747), in religion Ambrose; Dominican friar : wrote on ecclesiastical history.

[441] Dr Burgo. (1710?–1776). See Thomas Burke.

[442] John William Burgon (1813–1888), dean of Chichester; son of Thomas Burgon; studied at University College, London; published a Life of Sir Thomas Gresham 1839; entered Worcester College, Oxford, 1841; fellow of Oriel, 1846; M.A., 1848; vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, 1864; Gresham professor of divinity, 1867; dean of Chichester, 1876: published Lives of Twelve Good Men 1888, sermons, and works of religious controversy; a high churchman of the old school.

[443] Thomas Burgon (1787–1858), Turkey merchant and member of court of assistants of Levant Company; employed in coin department of British Museum, 1841.

[444] Hugh Talbot Burgoyne (1833-1870), captain, Royal Navy; only son of Sir John Fox Burgoyne; entered navy, 1847; gained Victoria cross for service in Black Sea, 1856; drowned in the turret-ship Captain off Cape Finisterre.

[445] Sir John Burgoyne (1739–1785), general, seventh baronet of Sutton, Bedfordshire; entered the army when young: rapidly promoted; raised a regiment of light dragoons for India, 1781; served in India, 17S21785; major-gneral, 17S3.

[446] John Burgoyne (1722–1792), dramatist and general; educated at Westminster; lieutenant, 1741; eloped with Lady Charlotte Stanley, daughter of the Earl of Derby, 1743; captain, c. 1743; resided in France to escape his creditors, 1749-55; lieutenant-colonel. L7WJJ raised dragoon regiment, 1759; M.P. for Midhnrst, 1761; brigadier-general in Portugal, 1762; govenior of Fort William, 1768-78; M.P. for Preston, 1768; major-genend 1772; attacked Olive in parliament, 1773; wrote plays, 1774-86; served in New England, 1775, and censured his brother-officers; second in command in Canada, 17 76, and censured his superior officer: lieutenant-general, 1777; given supreme command in Canada, but capitulated at Saratoga, October 1777; made commander-in-chief in Ireland by the whigs, 1782; manager of the impeachment of Warren Hastings; wrote plays, including the Heiress 1786.

[447] Sir John Fox Burgoyne (1782–1871), engineer officer; illegitimate son of John Burgoyne (1722-1792) ; educated at Eton and Woolwich; entered royal engineers, 1798; served in Malta, Sicily, Egypt, 1800-7; engineer in Sir John Moore's expedition, 1808-9; engineer with Wellington throughout the Peninsular war; engineer in American campaign, 1814-15; commander of the engineers in France, 1815-18, and in Portugal, lH2f.; chairman of public works board, Ireland, 1831-45; majorgeneral and K.O.B., 1838; inspector-general of fortifications, 1845-68; lieutenant-general, 1850; present in the Crimean campaign, 1853-5; general, 1855; created baronet, 1856; constable of the Tower of London. 1865; field-marshal, 1868.

[448] Montagu Burgoyne (1750–1836), politician; educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge; held sinecure office in the exchequer; published pamphlets.

[449] Sir Montague Roger Burgoyne (d. 1817), eighth baronet of Sutton, Bedfordshire; eldest son of Sir John Burgoyne; comet Scots Greys, 1789; lieutenant-colonel 32ud light dragoons, 1795; major-generaL 1810.

[450] Walter de Burgsted (fl. 1257). See Berstede.

[451] Duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503). See Margaret.

[452] Robert Burhill or Burghill (1572–1641), divine; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1585; M.A., 1594; D.D., 1632; rector of Northwold, Norfolk, and of Snailwell Cambridgeshire, and prebendary of Hereford, 1604; assisted Sir Walter Ralegh in his History of the World; wrote works on controversial divinity.

[453] Burhred or Burgraed (reigned 852–874), king of Mercia; succeeded Beorhtwulf; subdued the revolt of North Wales and Anglesey, by help of JEthelwulf of the West-Saxons, 863; married Ethelswyth, JEthelwulfs daughter, 854; solicited West-Saxon help against the Danes, 868; vainly besieged the Danes in Nottingham; accepted Danish supremacy: received the expelled Northumbrian king, 872; conquered by the Danes, 874; fled to Rome, and died there.

[454] Edmund Burke (1729–1797), statesman; second son of Richard Burke, attorney, of Dublin; brought up as a protestant by his father; entered Trinity College, Dublin, 1743; B.A., 1748; entered the Middle Temple, London, 1750; troubled by weak health: travelled in the west of England and in France; punished for neglect of his legal studies by discontinuance of the allowance from his father, 1755; first published works, Vindication of Natural Society andOn the Sublime and Beautiful 1756; married a catholic, who afterwards turned protestant, Jane Nugent, daughter of his physician, 1756, and was for some time dependent on his father-in-law; unsuccessfully applied for the consulship at Madrid, 1759; started theAnnual Register 1759, and contributed to it till 1788; private secretary to William Gerard Hamilton, 1759-64, accompanying him to Ireland, 1761-2, and again 1763-4; resigned a pension which Hamilton had obtained for him, 17G1; private secretary to tlia Marquis of Ttocktngham, July 17G5, who from time to time helped him I iy advances of money and destroyed his bond- at his death; inherited a small Irih estate inim a brother, 17G5, which he sold in 17to; el.-etcd M.P. for Wendovcr, 1705-74, through the intiueneeotKalph.Mvond earl Yrney; tin-t spoke in parliameiit, 27 Jan. 1700, on the A-mericunrnttcstttm; ackuuwl.-di.-vu.i. an. orator of the HSrcla, lint out of touch with the house; visited Ireland, ently attacked the administration of Chatham and Grafton, especially in regard to their dealing sith Ka-t Indian. 1 7M, and American questions, 1767; partieipated in the stockjobbing operations of a brother, a kinsman, and Lord Vemey; was partly involved in their ruin, 17C'J, and remainud lor the rest of his life in continuous financial difficulties; bought his estate at Beaconsfield, 17U8, before the crash came; vigorously j attacked the foreign and domes tic policy of the tory govern; rni; issued Thoughts on the Present Discontents 23 April 1770, accusing the government of strangling public opinion; carried the day in favour of giving publicity to proceedings in parliament, 1771; agent for New " province!771j_jdoleutly assailed*" By pamphleteers the"~IHTpression that he was author of the * Letters of Junius 1772; voted for removal of disabilities of proU-stam di~-i nters and advocated taxing absentee Irish landlords, 1773; visited Paris, February-March 1773, and returned with a pronounced aversion to French democracy; joined by Charles James Fox in his violent attacks on North's conduct of atl'airs, 1774-5; M.P. for Bristol, 1774-80, on the invttattoit-ef the citizens, who afterwards took offence at his championship of Irish trade and catholic emancipation; strongly advocated peace with America, 1775-6; ilplivftivd his employing Indians uPllie Amencauwar, February 1778; helped Admiral Keppel in his successful de'fence before a court-martial, 1779; advocated economical reform in the public service and restrictions on the slave-trade, 1780; became M.P. for Malton, Yorkshire, 1781-94, through Lord Kockingham's influence; again advocated economical reform, and, by his attacks -ou-tlie-eeuduetofthe American war, fureeil "North to resign, 1781-2; kept out of the cabinet by the whips on their coming into office, i but.made paymaster of the forces, March-July 1782; grged UUUUUniteal ll'fnnn i Ux_par tial success, and the conferring of self-government on Ireland, 1782; retired from the ministry with Fox, July 1782; acquiesced in the coalition government of Fox and North under the Duke of Portland, and accepted paymastership of the forces, 1783; active member of the committee which investigated the affairs of the East India Company, wrote the Ninth Report on the trade of Bengal and the system pursued by Warren Hastings, and the Eleventh Report on the system of presents, and drafted the government's East India bill, 1783; lord rector of Glasgow University, 1784 and 1785; personally unpopular in the House of Commons; continued his attack on Warren Hastings, 1785; travelled in Scotland, 1785; joined by Philip Francis in urging the impeachment of Hastings, 1786, which was accomplished, 10 May 1787; opened the case for the impeachment in Westminster Hall, February 1788; again pushed over by Fox in forming a cabinet, 1788; joined Fox in upholding right of Prince of Wales to regency, 1788; supported Wilberforce in advocating abolition of the slave-trade, 1788-9; spoke in parliament against the French democracy, February 1790, and issued his Reflections on the French Revolution November 1790; estranged in consequence from Fox and Sheridan; prevailed on the new parliament to continue the impeachment of Hastings, 1790: LL.D. Dublin, 1791; finally quarrelled with Fox and the whigs, 1791; voted against removal of disabilities from Unitarians, and against parliamentary reform, advised his friends to support Pitt and the tories, pleaded for war with France, and openly joined the ministerial party, 1792; continued his quarrel with Fox and Sheridan, 1794; delivered his nine-daysspeech for the jmrnMbnant of Hastings in reply to the defence, 171)4; retired from parliament, July;.pensioned by the ministry, 1794; encouraged the foundation of Maynooth College, 1795; present at the acquittal of Hastings, 179*; established a school for sons of French refugees at Penn, Buckinghamshire, and wrote Letters on a Regicide Peace 1796. His collected works were, published, 17J2-1827.

[455] Edmund Plunkett Burke (1802–1835), judge; educated at Caen, Normandy, and Cambridge; called to bar at the Inner Temple; judge in St. Lucia, West Indies, 1802; wrote on civil law.

[456] John Burke (1787–1848), genealogical and heraldic writer; iMied 1 Verage and Baronetage l.vC, Kxtinct Peerage 1881,Commoners 1833-8 (in later editions called Landed Gentry), Extinct Baronetcies 1838, and Knightage 1841, also works on the royal family and on heraldry.

[457] Sir John Bernard Burke (18H-1892), Ulster king-ol-arms, son of John Burke; educated at Caen College, Normandy; called to bar at Middle Temple. 1839; Ulster king-of-arms in Ireland, 1853; knighted, 1854; keeper of state papers in Ireland, 1855; honorary LL.D. Dublin, 18G2; C.B., 1868; appointed a governor of National Gallery ol Ireland, 1874. He annually ru-editcd his father's works, including Peerage 1847-92, publishing also Vicissitudes of Families 1859-63, and other genealogical works.

[458] Peter Burke (1811–1881), legal writer; eldest sou of John Burke; educated at Caen, Normandy; barrister of the Inner Temple, 1839; serjeant-at-law, 1859; "wrote on legal subjects and remarkable trials,

[459] Robert O'Hara Burke (1820–1861), Australian explorer; educated in Belgium; captain in the Austrian service; entered the Irish constabulary, 1848; inspector of police in Victoria, 1853; leader of expedition to cross Australia from south to north, 1860; reached estuary of Flinders river, 1861; starved to death at Cooper's Creek, June 1861; buried at Melbourne.

[460] Thomas Burke (1710?–1776), latinised de Burgo, church historian; native of Dublin; joined Dominicans at Rome, 1726; compiled Officia propria Sanctorum Hiberniae 1751 (revised edition, 1769); began the history of the Dominicans in Ireland, 1753 (published, 1762, Hibernia Dominicana and a supplement, 1772); bishop of Ossory, 1759; wrote theological works.

[461] Thomas Burke (1749–1815), engraver, chiefly of works by Angelica Kauffmann.

[462] Thomas Henry Burke (1829-1 882), undersecretary for Ireland, 1869-82; began official life at Dublin Castle, 1847; murdered in Phoenix Park.

[463] Thomas Nicholas Burke (1830–1883), Dominican preacher and lecturer; at Rome, 1847: joined Dominicans at Perugia; studied theology at Rome; priest on the English mission, 1853; founded the convent at Tallaght, Dublin; prior of convent in Rome; lectured in the United States, 1872; published lectures and sermons.

[464] Ulick Ralph Burke (1845–1895), Spanish scholar; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1867; called to bar at Middle Temple, 1870; travelled in Spain, and subsequently studied Spanish literature and history; barrister at high court of North- West Provinces, India, 1873-8, and in Cyprus, 1885-9; registrar i of quarter-sessions, 1889; published History of Spain 1895, und other works.

[465] William Burke (d. 1798), supposed author of the Letters of Junius; entered Westminster School, 1743, and Christ Church. Oxford, 1747; B.C.L., 1755; under-secretary of state, 1755-8; M.P. for Great Bedwin, 1766-74; stock-jobber; bankrupt, 1769; in India, 17771792; lived with his kinsman, Edmund Burke, at Beaconsfield, 1793.

[466] William Burke (1792–1829), murderer; navvy in Scotland, 1818; lodged with William Hare in Edinburgh, 1827, and sold a dead body to the surgeons; smothered people for the purpose of selling their bodies, 1828; hanged at Edinburgh.

[467] Henry Burkhead (fl. 1646), author ; published at Kilkenny, 1646, Cola's Fury, or Lirenda's Misery, a tragedy on the Irish troubles.

[468] William Burkitt (1650–1703), divine and commentator; educated at Cambridge grammar school and at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1672; rector of Milden, Suffolk; vicar of Dedham, Essex, 1692-1703; author of sermons and expository works.

[469] Barons of Burleigh . See BALFOUR, ROBERT, second BARON, d. 1663; BALPOUR, JOHN, third BARON, d. 1688; BALFOUR, ROBERT, fifth BARON, d. 1757.

[470] John Burley (d. 1333), Carmelite of Stamford.

[471] John Burley or Burleigh (d. 1648), royalist officer: captain of a ship-otwar, 1(142; served in Charles I's army, becoming a general of ordnance; executed for a quixotic attempt to release Charles at Newport, 1647.

[472] Sir Simon Burley ( 1336-1 388), soldier and courtier ; served at sea, 1350, and in France, 1355; attended the Black Prince in Aquitaine, 1364: envoy to Pedro of Oas- ! tile, 1366-7; taken prisoner by the French, 1369; exchanged, 1370: made guardian to Prince Richard; accompanied Richard II to Ixnidon, 1377: governor of Windsor Castle, 1377-88; tutor of Richard II, 1380; negotiated the king's marriage with Anne of Bohemia, and escorted her to London, 1381; K.O., 1381; constable of Dover Oastle, 1384-7; served in Scotland, 1385; impeached by Richard's opponent* and beheaded, 1388.

[473] Walter Burley (1275–1345?), Aristotelian commentator: probably a secular priest; reputed fellow of Merton College, Oxford; studied at Paris under Duns Scotus; almoner to Philippa, consort of Edward III, 1327; envoy to the pope, 1327 and 1330; possibly prebendary of Wells, 1332: reputed tutor to the Black Prince, c. 1342; possibly identical with a petitioner for the archdeaconry of Richmond, 1345. His De Vita et Moribus Philosophorum was printed 1467. Several other treatises by him were issued in the fifteenth and early part of the sixteenth century, and many survive in manuscript.

[474] William Burley (d. 1436), speaker of the House of Commons, 1436 and 1444: M.P. for Shropshire at intervals from 1417 to 1455; sheriff of Shropshire, 1426.

[475] Earls of Burlington . See BOYLE, RICHARD, first EARL, 1612-1697: BOYLE, RICHARD, third EARL, 1695-1753.

[476] Henry Burlowe (d. 1837).

[477] John Burly (d. 1333).

[478] Thomas Burman (d. 1674), sculptor.

[479] Edward Burn (1762–1837), writer against Dr. Joseph Priestley; educated at Trevecca College, Wales; entered St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1784; M.A., 1791; lecturer of St. Mary's Chapel, Birmingham, 17851837; rector of Smethcott, Shropshire; published sermons and tracts.

[480] John Burn (1744?–1802), lawyer ; a Westmoreland squire; son of Richard Burn; issued revised editions of his father's manuals.

[481] John Southerden Burn (1799?–1870), antiquary: solicitor, 1819; registrar of marriages at chapels prior to 1754, 1831; secretary to commission for inquiry into non-parochial registers, 1836-41; published History of... foreign Refugees settled in England 1846, and other antiquarian works.

[482] Richard Burn (1709–1785), legal writer; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1734; vicar of Orton, Westmoreland, 1736-85; D.O.L., 1762; chancellor of Carlisle, 1765. His works include Justice of the Peace 1755, Ecclesiastical Law 1760, History of Westmoreland and Cumberland 1771.

[483] William Burn (1789–1870), architect of numerous mansions in Great Britain and Ireland; in business in Edinburgh, c. 1814; removed to London, 1844.

[484] Andrew Burnaby (1734?-1812), traveller; at Westminster School, 1748; M.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1757; travelled in North America, 1759-60; chaplain at Leghorn, 1762-7, travelling in Italy and Corsica; vicar of Greenwich, 1769; archdeacon of Leicester, 1786; author of travels, sermons, and charges.

[485] Charles Burnaby (?) (ft. 1700), reputed author of four comalies. printed 1700-2. It is possible that they were really written by William Buruaby of Merton College, Oxfonl, 1691, and the Middle Temple, 1693, translator of Petroiiius, 1694.

[486] Frederick Gustavus Burnaby (1842–1885), cavalry officer and traveller; educated at Harrow and in Germany; a facile linguist; cornet, 1859; lieutenantcolonel, 1880; commanded the 3rd household cavalry, 1881-5; travelled in Central and Southern America, c. 1862, lu Spain and Morocco, 1808 in South Russia, 1870, in Spain, 1874, and in the Soudan, 1875; rode from Kazala to Khiva, 1875; rale from Scutari into Armenia, and thence to Uatoum, 1H76: attended Valentine Baker's operations iu the Russo-Turkish war, 1877; contested Birmingham, 1880; attached himself to the Egyptian expedition, 1884; killed in action in the attempt to relieve Khartoum; student of military ballooning, and author of narratives of his travels.

[487] Nevill Northey Burnard (1818–1878), sculptor, chiefly of portrait-busts; native of Cornwall; carver of marble to London sculptors; exhibited at the Academy, 1855-67.

[488] Nicol Burne or Bourn (fl. 1581), controversialist; Calviuist; professor at St. Andrews; adopted Catholicism; imprisoned at St. Andrews and Edinburgh, 1680; banished, 1581; published, at Paris, 1581, a virulent attack on Knox and Luther.

[489] Robert Burne (1765?–1825), general; ensign, 1773; served in India, 1784-98 ieutenaut-colonel of the 36th foot, 1799; served in Hanover, 1805, and at Buenos Ayres, 1807; colonel, 1808; served at Vimeiro and Corufta, 1808; and at Flushing, 1809; major-general, 1811; invalided from Spain, 1811; held home commands, 1812-14; lieutenant-general, 1821.

[490] Edward Coley Burne-Jones (1833-1898) painter; educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and Exeter College, Oxford, where he made acquaintance of William Morris and others, who formed the Brotherhood; became friend of Rossetti, and studied art; executed St. Frideswide's window in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, 1859; came to London; associate of the * Old Society 1863; comparatively little known until, in 1877, he exhibited Chant dAmour Days of Creation and Beguiling of Merlin at the Grosvenor Gallery; exhibited also at the New Gallery; elected A.R.A., 1885; exhibited at Royal Academy The Depths of the Sea (1886): exhibited frequently at Paris from 1878; honorary D.C.L. Oxford, 1881; honorary fellow, Exeter College, 1882; created baronet, 1894. He did much decorative wonc. Among the best-known of his pictures are the Pygmalion series (1879), the * Golden Stairs (1880), King Cophetua (1884), and the Garden of Pan (1887).

[491] Arthur Coke Burnell (1840–1882), an authority on Sanscrit and the languages of Southern India; of King's College, London; entered the Indian Civil Service, 1867; served in Madras, 1860-8; tour through Arabia, Egypt, Nubia, 1868; magistrate at Mangalore and Taujore, 1869-80; published treatises on Hindu law, translations from the Sanscrit, and linguistic and historical tracts; collector of Sanscrit manuscripts now at the India Office; hon. Ph.D. Strasburg.

[492] Edward Burnell (fl. 1542), professor of Greek at Rostock.

[493] Henry Burnell (fl. 1641), published at Dublin, 1641, Landgartha, a burlesque tragedy, performed there in 1639.

[494] Robert Burnell (d. 1292), bishop of Bath and Wells; accompanied Prince Edward to France, 1260, and in Wales, 1263; began to acquire estates in Shropshire, 1263; employed on a mission in South Wales, 1265; licensed to impark his land, 126C, and to have a weekly market and two fairs at Acton Burnell, 1269; befriended by Prince Edward, who tried to obtain Canterbury for him, 1270; trusted minister of Edward I, and in constant attendance on him at home and abroad; co-regent during Edward's absence on crusade, 1272; lord chancellor, 1274 till death; bishop of Bath and Wells, 1275; one of Prince Llewelyn's judges, 1276; employed on a mission in France and Gascony, 1278; postulated for archbishop of Canterbury at the request of Edward I, 1278, and elected to see of Winchester, 1280, but set aside by the pope: settled the court of chancery in London, 1280, instead of following the court; employed on the Welsh bonier, 1282-3; framed the statute of Rhuddlan, 1282; parliament met in his hall at Acton, 1283; with Edward I in France, 1286-9; conducted an inquiry into the conduct of the juderes during the king's absence, 1290; lived a covetous and ambitious life, owning estates in nineteen counties (eightytwo manors); built the episcopal hall at Wells; procured franchises and liberties for Wells Cathedral; defended the right's of the crown against Peckham, the Franciscan primal.-,

[495] Sir Alexander Burnes (1805–1841), Indian political oilirer; ollicerin the Bombay iiutive infantry, 1H21; studied native languages: assistant resident in Cutch, 1829; visited Siud and the Punjab, 1830; visited Afghauiutan, Bokhara, the Turkoman country, Persia, 1H32; in England, 1M3-5; envoy to Dost Mahomed, 1836; advised alliance with him; knighted, 1839; political officer with the army at Cabul, 1839-41; slain in the massacre. vii. 3891

[496] James Burnes (1801–1862), physician in India; studied medicine in Edinburgh and London; in the medical service at Bombay, 1821; surgeon at Outch; ucniiiip.iiHil tin- Sind expedition, 1825; published his Narrative 1830: in England, 1H34-6: LL.D. Glasgow, 1K31; garrison-surgeon, 1837, and afterwards physiciangeneral at Bombay; returned to England, 1849.

[497] Simon Burneston or Boraston(fl. 1338), preacher and theological writer; reputed D.D. Cambridge; member of the Dominican convent, Oxford: provincial.

[498] Alexander Burnet (1614–1684), archbishop in Scotland; a relative of the Earls of Traquair and Teviot; chaplain to the Earl of Traquair; refugee in England, c. 1639; took Anglican orders; beneficed in Kent; ejected 1650; crossed the Channel, and held correspondence for Charles II; chaplain to Dunkirk garrison, c. 1660; bishop of Aberdeen, 1663; archbishop of Glasgow, 1664; a strong high churchman, opposed to terms with the presbyterians, provoking the covenanter rising by his severity, 1666; strongly opposed to Lauderdale's conciliatory policy, 1669; compelled to resign his see, 1669, but restored, 1674; archbishop of St. Andrews, 1679-84.

[499] Elizabeth Burnet (1661–1709), authoress of A Method of Devotion 1709; nte Blake; married, 1678, Robert Berkeley (d. 1693) of Spetchley, Worcestershire; resided at the Hague, 1684-9; married (third wife) Gilbert Burnet (1643-1715), 1699.

[500] Gilbert Burnet (1643–1715), bishop of Salisbury; of an Aberdeenshire family; son of a well-to-do Edinburgh lawyer, three times exiled for refusing the covenant; his mother a strict presby terian; educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen; M.A.; studied law; afterwards studied divinity and history; probationer of the Scottish church, 1661; practised extemporary preaching; thought ill of the oppressive policy of the Scottish bishops, 1663; visited Cambridge, Oxford, and London, and refused the parish of Saltoun, Haddmgtonshire, 1663; studied Hebrew at Amsterdam, visited Paris and the court at London, 1664; F.R.S., 1664; minister of Saltoun, 1665-9; wrote against the Scottish bishops and in favour of Lauderdale's milder policy, 1666; clerk of Haddington presbytery, 1667; sounded as to a proposal to divorce Charles IPs queen for barrenness; in Lauderdale's confidence, 1667; employed by Archbishop Leighton to negotiate with the presbyterians, 1669; employed by the Duchess of Hamilton to obtain the king's sanction for placing presbyterian ministers in certain parishes; professor of divinity at Glasgow, 1669; advised the privy council to send a commission into the west to inquire into the growing discontent; employed by Leighton to urge the moderate presbyterians to accept the offers of the court, 1670, and by the Duchess of Hamilton to arrange her family papers (published Memoirs of the Dukes of Hamilton 1676); persuaded the Duke of Hamilton to accept the court measures, 1671; summoned to London to advise Lauderdale, and offered the bishopric of Edinburgh, 1671; married his first wife, 1671; joined the Duke of Hamilton in reprobating Lauderdale's new policy of violence, 1672; wrote in favour of obedience to episcopacy, and against popery, 1673; visited London; as king's chaplain remonstrated with Charles II on his profligacy, 1673; incurred the hatred of Lauderdale, 1673; went to London, June 1674; dismissed by the king from his chaplaincy; preached in London churches; chaplain of the Kolls Chapel and lecturer of St. Clement's, 1675-84; witness against Lauderdale before the House of Commons, 1675; offered the see of Chichester, 1678; deprecated persecution of Roman catholics during the popish plot, 1678-80, incurring the dislike both of the court and of the extreme anti-popery party; published his History of the Reformation in England vol. i. 1679 vol. ii. 1681, vol. iii. 1714; remonstrated with Charles II on his evil life, 1680; attended the deathbed of the Karl of Rochester, 1680; intimate with William, lord Russell, 1681; asked, but was refused, the mastership of the Temple; obtained places in England for dispossessed Scottish clergy, 1682; wrote against popery; attended Lord Russell on the scaffold; withdrew to 1'aris, lts;{; returned to England; ejected from his chaplaincy at the Kolls and his lectureship by Charles II, 1684; visited Paris, Rome, Geneva, Strasburg, Frankfort, Heidelberg, and Utrecht, 1685-6 publishing a narrative of his tour, 1687; visited the Hague on invitation of the Prince of Orange, 1686; outlawed by James II, 1687; married his second wife, Mary Scott (rf. 1698), 1687; obtained from Mary, consort of the Prince of Orange, a promise to place power in William's hands; advised Sophia of Hanover of the intended invasion of England; drafted William's declaration; accompanied William to Torbay and London, 1688; bishop of Salisbury, 1689: advocated toleration in the House of Lords; preached the coronation sermon; carried the bill to attaint Sir John Fenwick, 1697; appointed to attend Peter the Great, 1698; married his third wife see BURNET, ELIZABETH; published Exposition of the xxxix Articles 1699 (censured by the lower house of convocation, 1701); had charge of the succession bill, 1701; attended William on his deathbed, 1702; opposed the occasional conformity bill, 1703; obtained first-fruite and tenths for church purposes Queen Anne's Bounty, 1704; spoke against Sacheverell, 1710; remonstrated with Anne for countenancing the Pretender, James Edward; lived latterly in Clerkenwell; wrote a History of his own Times (published, 1723-34), sermons, controversial treatises, and political pamphlets.

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