Wikipedia

Henley Passport Index

(Redirected from Visa Restrictions Index)

The Henley Passport Index is a global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens.[3] It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index[4] and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018.[5]

Henley Passport Index
Type of site
Passport guidance
Available inEnglish, Chinese, French, Spanish, Arabic and Russian
HeadquartersLondon[1]
Country of originUnited Kingdom
OwnerHenley & Partners
URLwww.henleypassportindex.com
CommercialYes
RegistrationNone
Launched2005; 19 years ago (2005)[2]
Current statusOnline

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa.[6] The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s[7] Timatic documentation requirements database.[4][8]

Definition of the index

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The Henley Passport index ranks passports according to the number of destinations that can be reached using a particular country's ordinary passport without the need of a prior visa ("visa-free").[9][10][11] The survey ranks 199 passports against 227 destination[12] countries, territories, and micro-states.[13][14][15]

The IATA maintains a database of travel information worldwide and all destinations that are in the IATA database are considered by the index.[16] However, because not all territories issue passports, there are far fewer passports ranked than destinations about which queries are made.[17]

Method

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To determine the score for each country or territory,[18] its passport is checked against the IATA Timatic database in several steps:

  1. Each of the 199 passports on the list is checked against all 227 possible travel destinations for which travel restriction information exists in the IATA database. The score is updated throughout the year.[19]
  2. Each query must satisfy certain conditions:
    • passport is issued in the country of nationality
    • passport holder is an adult citizen of the country that issued the passport and a lone traveller, not part of a tourist group
    • entry is sought for tourism or business
    • the stay is a minimum of three days
  3. Further conditions:
    • queries are made only for holders of normal passports, not diplomatic, service, emergency, or temporary passports; and other travel documents are disregarded
    • passport holders need not meet any complex requirements for entry (for example, possessing a government-issued letter, translations, or empty pages)
    • passport holders have all necessary vaccinations and certificates
    • passport holders are arriving at and departing from the same airport
    • passport holders are seeking a short stay rather than a transit
    • the port of entry is a major city or capital, in cases where this is required
    • requirements by the destination country or territory regarding a particular length of validity of passports are disregarded
    • passport holders meet all basic requirements for entry (for example, holding a hotel reservation or having proof of sufficient funds or return tickets)
    • advance passenger information and advance approval to board are not considered to be a visa requirement or travel restriction, neither is the requirement to pay airport tax
  4. If no visa is required for passport holders from a particular country or territory to enter the destination, then that passport scores 1. The passport also scores 1 if a visa on arrival, a visitor's permit, or an automatically approved electronic travel authority (ETA) can be obtained because they do not require manual pre-departure government approval, perhaps because of specific visa-waiver programs in place.[20]
  5. Where visas are needed, or where passport holders must get manually government-approved electronic visas (e-Visas) before departure, a score of 0 is given. If passport holders must get government approval before leaving in order to obtain a visa on arrival, this also scores 0.[20]
  6. The score for each passport is then totalled by adding up its scores for all destinations.[20]
  7. The index ignores temporary restrictions or airspace closures.[21]
  8. It considers mobility data based on national GDPs and the percentage of global wealth that the country's passport could provide access to.[22]

Rankings

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2024 Henley Passport Index

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As of 16 July 2024, the Singaporean passport offers holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a total of 195 countries[23] and territories,[24] followed by the Japanese, French, German, Italian, and Spanish passports offer holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a total of 192 countries followed by the Austrian, Finnish, Irish, Luxembourgish, Dutch, South Korean and Swedish passports, each offering 191 visa-free or visa-on-arrival countries and territories to its holders.[25] These rankings were subsequently followed by the Belgian, Danish, New Zealand, Norwegian, Swiss, and British passports, each offering visa-free or visa-on-arrival travel to 190 countries and territories.[26] The 2024 Henley Passport Index shows a worldwide improvement in the access to visa-free travel. Also the gap between the top and the bottom ranked countries has widened.[27]

Asian countries like Japan and Singapore have dominated the top position in the Index for the last five years.[28]

The Afghan passport has once again been labelled by the index as the least powerful passport in the world, with its nationals only able to visit 28 destinations visa-free.[29][30] This was followed by the Syrian passport at 29 destinations, the Iraqi passport at 31 destinations and the Pakistani and Yemini passports at 34 destinations. Among African countries, the Somali passport is the weakest passport according to the index.[31]

2024
rank		 Passport issuing country Visa-free
destinations
1   Singapore 195
2   Italy 192
  Germany 192
  France 192
  Japan 192
  Spain 192
3   Austria 191
  Finland 191
  Ireland 191
  Luxembourg 191
  Netherlands 191
  South Korea 191
  Sweden 191
4   Belgium 190
  Denmark 190
  New Zealand 190
  Norway 190
  Switzerland 190
  United Kingdom 190
5   Australia 189
  Czech Republic 189
  Portugal 189
6   Greece 188
  Poland 188
7   Canada 187
  Hungary 187
  Malta 187
8   United States 186
9   Estonia 185
  Lithuania 185
  United Arab Emirates 185
10   Iceland 184
  Latvia 184
  Slovakia 184
  Slovenia 184
11   Croatia 183
12   Liechtenstein 182
  Malaysia 182
13   Cyprus 178
  Monaco 178
14   Bulgaria 177
  Romania 177
15   Chile 175
16   San Marino 172
  Argentina 172
17   Andorra 171
  Brazil 171
18   Hong Kong 170
  Israel 170
19   Brunei 166
20   Barbados 165
21   Bahamas 161
22   Mexico 159
23   Saint Kitts and Nevis 157
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 157
  Uruguay 157
24   Seychelles 156
25   Vatican City 155
26   Antigua and Barbuda 153
27   Costa Rica 151
  Trinidad and Tobago 151
28   Mauritius 150
29   Panama 149
30   Saint Lucia 148
  Ukraine 148
31   Grenada 147
  Paraguay 147
32   Dominica 143
  Macau 143
33   Peru 141
  Taiwan 141
34   Serbia 140
35   El Salvador 136
36   Guatemala 135
37   Colombia 134
  Solomon Islands 134
38   Honduras 133
39   Samoa 131
  Tonga 131
40   Marshall Islands 129
41   Montenegro 128
  Nicaragua 128
  North Macedonia 128
  Tuvalu 128
42   Kiribati 124
  Micronesia 124
  Palau 124
  Venezuela 124
43   Albania 123
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 123
44   Georgia 122
  Moldova 122
45   Russia 116
  Turkey 116
46   Qatar 107
47   South Africa 106
48   Belize 102
49   Kuwait 99
50   East Timor 97
51   Ecuador 95
52   Maldives 94
53   Vanuatu 92
54   Fiji 90
55   Guyana 89
  Jamaica 89
  Nauru 89
56   Botswana 88
  Saudi Arabia 88
57   Bahrain 87
58   Oman 86
59   China 85
  Papua New Guinea 85
60   Thailand 82
61   Belarus 81
  Namibia 81
62   Bolivia 80
63   Kosovo 79
  Lesotho 79
  Suriname 79
64   Eswatini 77
  Kazakhstan 77
65   Indonesia 76
66   Dominican Republic 75
  Kenya 75
  Malawi 75
67   Tanzania 73
68   Morocco 72
69   Azerbaijan 71
  Gambia 71
70   Uganda 70
  Zambia 70
71   Cape Verde 69
  Tunisia 69
72   Armenia 68
  Ghana 68
73   Philippines 67
74   Sierra Leone 66
75   Rwanda 65
  Zimbabwe 65
76   Benin 64
  Kyrgyzstan 64
  Mongolia 64
  Mozambique 64
77   São Tomé and Príncipe 63
78   Cuba 62
  Uzbekistan 62
79   Togo 61
80   Burkina Faso 60
  Gabon 60
  Madagascar 60
81   Ivory Coast 59
  Guinea 59
82   India 58
  Senegal 58
  Tajikistan 58
83   Equatorial Guinea 57
  Mauritania 57
  Niger 57
84   Algeria 55
  Guinea-Bissau 55
  Jordan 55
  Mali 55
85   Comoros 54
86   Cambodia 53
  Central African Republic 53
  Chad 53
  Haiti 53
87   Angola 52
  Bhutan 52
  Egypt 52
88   Liberia 51
  Vietnam 51
89   Burundi 50
  Cameroon 50
  Congo 50
  Turkmenistan 50
90   Djibouti 49
  Laos 49
91   DR Congo 46
  Ethiopia 46
92   Lebanon 45
  Myanmar 45
  Nigeria 45
93   South Sudan 44
  Sri Lanka 44
94   Iran 43
  Sudan 43
95   Eritrea 42
96   North Korea 41
97   Bangladesh 40
  Palestinian Authority 40
98   Libya 39
  Nepal 39
99   Somalia 35
100   Pakistan 33
  Yemen 33
101   Iraq 31
102   Syria 28
103   Afghanistan 26

2023

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As of 8 December 2023, the Singaporean passport offered holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a total of 195 countries[23] and territories,[24] followed by the Japanese with 193 and the Finnish, French, German, Italian, South Korean, Spanish and Swedish passports, each offering 190 visa-free or visa-on-arrival countries and territories to its holders. These rankings were subsequently followed by the Austrian, Danish, , Luxembourgeois and British passports, each offering visa-free or visa-on-arrival travel to 189 countries and territories.

An Afghan passport had once again been labelled by the index as the least powerful passport in the world, with its nationals only able to visit 27 destinations visa-free.[29][32] This was followed by the Iraqi passport at 29 destinations and the Syrian passport at 30 destinations.[33]

2023
rank		 Passport issuing country Visa-free
destinations
1   Japan 193
2   Singapore 192
3   Austria 190
  Finland 190
  France 190
  Germany 190
  Italy 190
  South Korea 190
  Spain 190
  Sweden 190
4   Denmark 189
  Ireland 189
  Luxembourg 189
  Netherlands 189
  United Kingdom 189
5   Belgium 188
  Malta 188
  Portugal 188
  Norway 188
6   Czech Republic 187
  New Zealand 187
  Poland 187
   Switzerland 187
7   Australia 186
  Canada 186
  Greece 186
  Hungary 186
  United States 186
8   Lithuania 185
9   Latvia 184
  Slovakia 184
  Slovenia 184
10   Estonia 183
11   Iceland 182
  Malaysia 182
13   Cyprus 180
  Liechtenstein 180
14   United Arab Emirates 179
15   Bulgaria 177
  Romania 177
16   Croatia 176
  Monaco 176
17   Chile 175
18   Argentina 173
19   San Marino 172
20   Brazil 171
19   Andorra 170
  Hong Kong 170
20   Brunei 166
21   Barbados 163
22   Israel 159
  Mexico 159
23   Bahamas 156
24   Seychelles 155
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 155
25   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 154
  Vatican City 154
26   Uruguay 153
27   Costa Rica 151
28   Antigua and Barbuda 150
  Trinidad and Tobago 150
29   Mauritius 148
30   Grenada 147
  Saint Lucia 147
  Ukraine 150
31   Macau 144
  Panama 144
  Taiwan 144
32   Dominica 143
  Paraguay 143
33   Peru 136
34   Serbia 137
35   Guatemala 136
36   Honduras 134
37   Georgia 132
  Colombia 132
  El Salvador 132
  Solomon Islands 132
38   Samoa 131
39   Tonga 130
40   Nicaragua 127
  Tuvalu 127
  Venezuela 127
41   North Macedonia 125
42   Montenegro 124
44   Albania 123
  Kiribati 123
45   Marshall Islands 122
46   Moldova 120
47   Palau 119
48   Bosnia and Herzegovina 119
49   Micronesia 116
51   Russia 118
52   Turkey 112
53   Belize 104
54   Qatar 103
55   South Africa 102
56   Vanuatu 101
57   Kuwait 98
58   East Timor 94
59   Ecuador 92
60   Maldives 91
61   Nauru 89
62   Fiji 88
63   Bahrain 87
  Botswana 87
64   Guyana 86
  Jamaica 86
65   Saudi Arabia 83
66   Oman 82
  Papua New Guinea 82
67   China 80
  Thailand 80
68   Belarus 79
69   Bolivia 78
  Lesotho 78
  Namibia 78
70   Suriname 77
71   Kazakhstan 76
72   Indonesia 75
  Eswatini 75
73   Malawi 74
74   Kenya 73
75   Tanzania 72
76   Kosovo 71
  Tunisia 70
  Zambia 70
77   Azerbaijan 69
  Dominican Republic 69
  Gambia 69
78   Uganda 67
79   Philippines 66
  Zimbabwe 66
80   Armenia 65
  Cape Verde 65
  Morocco 65
  Sierra Leone 65
81   Ghana 63
  Kyrgyzstan 63
82   Cuba 62
83   Mongolia 61
  Mozambique 61
  Rwanda 61
84   Benin 60
  India 60
85   São Tomé and Príncipe 59
  Tajikistan 59
  Uzbekistan 59
86   Mauritania 58
87   Burkina Faso 57
88   Gabon 56
  Ivory Coast 56
  Senegal 56
89   Equatorial Guinea 55
  Guinea 55
  Madagascar 55
  Vietnam 55
90   Algeria 54
  Cambodia 54
  Togo 54
91   Comoros 53
  Jordan 53
  Mali 53
  Niger 53
92   Bhutan 52
  Central African Republic 52
  Chad 52
  Egypt 52
  Guinea-Bissau 52
  Turkmenistan 52
93   Angola 50
  Burundi 50
  Cameroon 50
  Laos 50
94   Congo 49
  Liberia 49
95   Djibouti 48
  Haiti 48
96   Myanmar 47
97   Ethiopia 46
98   Eritrea 45
  Nigeria 45
  South Sudan 45
99   Iran 44
100   DR Congo 42
  Sudan 42
101   Lebanon 41
102   Libya 40
  North Korea 40
  Sri Lanka 40
103   Bangladesh 39
104   Palestine 38
105     Nepal 36
106   Somalia 35
107   Yemen 34
108   Pakistan 33
109   Syria 30
110   Iraq 29
111   Afghanistan 27

2022

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As of 2022, a Japanese passport offered its holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a total of 193 countries and territories, with South Korean and Singapore passports each offering 192 visa-free or visa-on-arrival countries and territories to their holders.[34][35] An American passport offered its holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 186 countries and territories, with the British passport offering 187 visa-free or visa-on-arrival countries and territories to their holders. Canadian and Australian passports each offered their holders visa-free access to 185 countries and territories.[36]

An Afghan passport had once again been labelled by the index as the least powerful passport in the world, with its nationals only able to visit 27 destinations visa-free.[37]

2022
rank[38]		 Passport issuing country Visa-free
destinations
1   Japan 193
2   Singapore 192
  South Korea 192
3   Germany 190
  Spain 190
4   Finland 189
  Italy 189
  Luxembourg 189
5   Austria 188
  Denmark 188
  Netherlands 188
  Sweden 188
6   France 187
  Ireland 187
  Portugal 187
  United Kingdom 187
7   Belgium 186
  New Zealand 186
  Norway 186
   Switzerland 186
  United States 186
8   Australia 185
  Canada 185
  Czech Republic 185
  Greece 185
  Malta 185
9   Hungary 183
10   Lithuania 182
  Poland 182
  Slovakia 182
11   Estonia 181
  Latvia 181
  Slovenia 181
12   Iceland 180
13   Malaysia 179
14   Liechtenstein 178
15   Cyprus 176
  United Arab Emirates 176
16   Chile 174
  Monaco 174
  Romania 174
17   Bulgaria 173
  Croatia 173
18   Hong Kong 171
19   Argentina 170
  Brazil 170
20   San Marino 169
21   Andorra 168
22   Brunei 166
23   Barbados 163
24   Israel 159
  Mexico 159
25   Saint Kitts and Nevis 157
26   Bahamas 155
27   Vatican City 154
28   Seychelles 153
  Uruguay 153
29   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 152
30   Antigua and Barbuda 151
  Trinidad and Tobago 151
31   Costa Rica 150
32   Saint Lucia 147
33   Grenada 146
  Mauritius 146
34   Dominica 145
  Taiwan 145
35   Macau 144
  Ukraine 144
36   Panama 143
37   Paraguay 142
38   Peru 136
  Serbia 136
39   El Salvador 134
40   Guatemala 133
  Honduras 133
41   Colombia 132
  Samoa 132
  Solomon Islands 132
42   Tonga 130
  Venezuela 129
43   Nicaragua 128
  Tuvalu 128
44   North Macedonia 125
45   Kiribati 124
  Montenegro 124
46   Marshall Islands 123
47   Moldova 121
48   Palau 120
49   Russia 119
50   Bosnia and Herzegovina 118
  Micronesia 118
51   Georgia 116
52   Albania 115
53   Turkey 110
54   South Africa 105
55   Belize 103
56   Qatar 99
57   Vanuatu 98
58   Kuwait 96
59   East Timor 94
60   Ecuador 92
61   Nauru 90
62   Fiji 89
  Maldives 89
63   Guyana 88
64   Botswana 87
  Jamaica 87
65   Bahrain 86
66   Papua New Guinea 83
67   Oman 81
  Saudi Arabia 81
68   Bolivia 80
  China 80
69   Namibia 79
  Thailand 79
70   Belarus 78
71   Lesotho 77
  Suriname 77
72   Kazakhstan 76
73   Eswatini 75
74   Malawi 74
75   Indonesia 72
  Kenya 72
  Tanzania 72
  Zambia 72
76   Tunisia 71
77   Azerbaijan 70
  Dominican Republic 70
78   Gambia 69
79   Cape Verde 67
  Philippines 67
  Uganda 67
80   Armenia 66
  Zimbabwe 66
81   Cuba 65
  Ghana 65
  Morocco 65
82   Kyrgyzstan 64
  Sierra Leone 64
83   Mozambique 63
84   Benin 62
  Mongolia 62
85   Rwanda 61
  São Tomé and Príncipe 61
86   India 60
  Mauritania 60
  Tajikistan 60
87   Burkina Faso 59
  Uzbekistan 59
88   Gabon 58
89   Ivory Coast 57
  Senegal 57
90   Equatorial Guinea 56
  Madagascar 56
91   Guinea 55
  Mali 55
  Togo 55
  Vietnam 55
92   Bhutan 54
  Cambodia 54
  Chad 54
  Comoros 54
  Niger 54
93   Algeria 53
  Central African Republic 53
  Egypt 53
  Guinea-Bissau 53
  Jordan 53
  Turkmenistan 53
94   Angola 51
  Burundi 51
  Cameroon 51
  Laos 51
95   Liberia 50
96   Congo 49
  Haiti 49
97   Djibouti 48
98   Myanmar 47
99   Ethiopia 46
  Nigeria 46
100   Eritrea 44
  South Sudan 44
101   Iran 43
102   DR Congo 42
  Lebanon 42
  Sri Lanka 42
  Sudan 42
103   Bangladesh 41
  Kosovo 41
  Libya 41
104   North Korea 40
105     Nepal 38
  Palestine 38
106   Somalia 35
107   Yemen 34
108   Pakistan 32
109   Syria 30
110   Iraq 29
111   Afghanistan 27

2006–2015

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A number of Asian and European countries are notable for their stability over the past decade, and Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Japan, Singapore, Spain, and Sweden all remain in exactly the same position as 10 years before. The 'Top 10s' were almost identical, with 30 countries in 2015, compared to 26 a decade before. While Liechtenstein dropped, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Malta, Slovakia, and South Korea all made it into the top 10.

Taiwan, Albania, the United Arab Emirates, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia all moved up more than 20 places in the Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index over the period, while the biggest drops were experienced by Guinea (−32), Liberia (−33), Sierra Leone (−35), and Bolivia (−37).

Older rankings

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In the table below, the "access" columns denote the number of visa-free destinations for holders of that passport. Unless indicated otherwise, the data in this table is taken from these sources.[38][39]

Country 2020
rank 		2020
access 		2019
rank 		2010
rank 		2006
rank
  Japan 1 191 1 6 3
  Singapore 2 190 1 11 8
  Germany 3 189 2 5 2
  South Korea 3 189 2 13 11
  Finland 4 188 2 4 1
  Italy 4 188 3 5 3
  Luxembourg 4 188 3 4 3
  Spain 4 188 4 6 4
  Austria 5 187 5 8 6
  Denmark 5 187 3 2 1
  France 6 186 4 5 3
  Ireland 6 186 6 7 2
  Netherlands 6 186 5 5 5
  Portugal 6 186 5 8 7
  Sweden 6 186 4 3 2
  Belgium 7 185 6 6 4
   Switzerland 7 185 6 10 4
  Norway 7 185 6 7 4
  United Kingdom 7 185 6 1 3
  United States 7 185 6 7 1
  Czech Republic 8 184 7 18 21
  Greece 8 184 6 12 9
  Malta 8 184 7 15 11
  New Zealand 8 184 8 9 6
  Australia 9 183 9 9 9
  Canada 9 183 6 9 6
  Hungary 10 182 10 18 19
  Lithuania 11 181 9 19 24
  Poland 11 181 13 16 16
  Slovakia 11 181 9 17 22
  Iceland 12 180 10 13 9
  Latvia 12 180 10 20 26
  Slovenia 12 180 10 17 17
  Estonia 13 179 11 19 26
  Liechtenstein 14 178 12 14 10
  Malaysia 14 178 12 13 9
  Monaco 15 175 14 21 15
  Chile 16 174 13 27 14
  Cyprus 16 174 14 18 12
  Romania 17 172 16 22 34
  Bulgaria 18 171 17 25 29
  Argentina 19 170 17 26 19
  Brazil 19 170 17 28 20
  Croatia 19 170 18 35 28
  Hong Kong 19 170 18 19 13
  United Arab Emirates 19 170 15 65 62
  San Marino 20 168 19 23 14
  Andorra 21 167 20 27 20
  Brunei 22 166 21 24 19
  Barbados 23 161 22 29 35
  Israel 24 160 22 25 18
  Mexico 25 159 23 32 21
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 26 156 24 31 40
  Bahamas 27 155 24 30 35
  Uruguay 28 153 25 34 20
  Antigua and Barbuda 29 151 28 33 39
  Seychelles 29 151 26 39 46
  Costa Rica 30 150 27 37 23
  Trinidad and Tobago 30 150 29 45 36
  Vatican City 31 149 29 39
  Mauritius 32 148 30 40 46
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 32 148 31 47 38
  Saint Lucia 33 146 31 46 39
  Taiwan 33 146 31 69 55
  Macau 34 144 33 44 35
  Grenada 35 143 32 49 41
  Paraguay 36 142 32 39 30
  Panama 37 141 34 41 30
  Dominica 38 140 35 51 46
  Peru 39 135 36 58 56
  El Salvador 40 134 37 42 31
  Honduras 40 134 37 42 32
  Serbia 40 134 39 47 64
  Guatemala 41 133 38 42 30
  Samoa 42 131 39 53 49
  Solomon Islands 42 131 40 52 44
  Vanuatu 43 130 40 55 51
  Nicaragua 44 129 41 43 33
  Ukraine 44 129 43 65 64
  Venezuela 44 129 38 36 25
  Colombia 45 127 43 73 64
  Tuvalu 45 127 42 54 48
  Tonga 46 125 44 57 52
  Montenegro 47 124 46 48
  North Macedonia 47 124 45 46
  Kiribati 48 122 46 56 49
  Marshall Islands 48 122 46 66 61
  Moldova 49 120 47 66
  Palau 50 119 47 70
  Micronesia 51 118 47 69
  Russia 51 118 48 49 62
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 52 117 49 74 71
  Georgia 53 116 50 72 68
  Albania 54 114 51 78 79
  Turkey 55 111 52 46 46
  Belize 56 101 54 50 42
  South Africa 56 101 53 47 37
  Kuwait 57 95 56 58 58
  Qatar 57 95 57 63 60
  East Timor 57 95 55 85
  Ecuador 58 91 58 64 56
  Nauru 59 89 60 56 54
  Fiji 60 88 59 57 51
  Guyana 60 88 60 57 45
  Jamaica 61 86 61 56 45
  Botswana 62 85 62 60 50
  Maldives 62 85 61 56 52
  Papua New Guinea 63 84 62 59 56
  Bahrain 64 82 63 62 59
  Oman 65 79 64 68 61
  Bolivia 66 78 65 67 29
  Suriname 66 78 65 66 57
  Thailand 66 78 66 69 67
  Namibia 67 77 67 62 56
  Saudi Arabia 67 77 69 71 65
  Kazakhstan 68 76 68 73 68
  Belarus 69 75 67 72 64
  Lesotho 69 75 69 64 47
  China 70 74 72 88 78
  Eswatini 70 74 70 65 52
  Malawi 71 73 71 64 50
  Kenya 72 72 72 64 52
  Indonesia 73 71 73 84 67
  Tanzania 73 71 75 68 56
  Zambia 73 71 73 65 53
  Tunisia 74 69 75 67 59
  Gambia 75 68 74 61 45
  Azerbaijan 76 67 76 76 68
  Philippines 76 67 77 73 63
  Uganda 76 67 76 70 58
  Cape Verde 77 66 76 73
  Dominican Republic 78 65 78 77 71
  Ghana 78 65 77 67 53
  Zimbabwe 78 65 78 70 56
  Cuba 79 64 77 78 69
  Morocco 79 64 80 76 66
  Armenia 80 63 81 76 69
  Kyrgyzstan 80 63 80 74 68
  Sierra Leone 80 63 79 64 51
  Benin 81 62 80 73 61
  Mozambique 81 62 81 82 74
  Mongolia 81 62 80 82 72
  São Tomé and Príncipe 82 61 81 83 74
  Rwanda 83 60 84 87 73
  Burkina Faso 84 59 83 76 62
  Mauritania 84 59 83 40 58
  India 85 58 82 77 71
  Tajikistan 85 58 84 77 69
  Gabon 86 57 85 85 72
  Ivory Coast 86 57 84 72
  Uzbekistan 86 57 85 80 72
  Senegal 87 56 86 76 60
  Equatorial Guinea 88 55 89 89 76
  Guinea 88 55 85 75 60
  Madagascar 88 55 87 83 71
  Togo 88 55 86 76 62
  Cambodia 89 54 88 87 79
  Mali 89 54 87 75 59
  Niger 89 54 87 76 60
  Vietnam 89 54 90 84 78
  Bhutan 90 53 89 83 77
  Chad 90 53 88 82
  Comoros 90 53 88 89
  Guinea-Bissau 90 53 87 79 63
  Turkmenistan 90 53 90 86 77
  Central African Republic 91 52 90 81 68
  Algeria 92 51 91 79 73
  Jordan 92 51 92 97 75
  Angola 93 50 92 92 77
  Burundi 93 50 93 89 78
  Egypt 93 50 92 84
  Laos 93 50 92 85 76
  Cameroon 94 49 92 85 70
  Haiti 94 49 92 85 74
  Liberia 94 49 93 82 65
  Congo 95 48 94 85 69
  Djibouti 96 47 95 91 77
  Myanmar 96 47 95 92 81
  Nigeria 97 46 95 76 62
  Ethiopia 98 44 97 92 78
  South Sudan 99 43 97
  DR Congo 100 42 97 90
  Eritrea 100 42 99 93 76
  Sri Lanka 100 42 96 84 74
  Bangladesh 101 41 99 85 68
  Iran 101 41 99 92 82
  Kosovo 102 40 98 89
  Lebanon 102 40 100 94 79
  Sudan 102 40 102 96 79
  North Korea 103 39 100 90 78
  Libya 104 38 100 87 77
    Nepal 104 38 101 88 76
  Palestine 104 38 102 97
  Somalia 105 33 104 95 81
  Yemen 105 33 103 88 78
  Pakistan 106 32 104 90 79
  Syria 107 29 105 87 80
  Iraq 108 28 106 97 81
  Afghanistan 109 26 107 98 83

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Moore, Cortney (20 July 2022). "American passports rank as 7th most powerful, travel index says". Fox News.
  2. ^ O'Hare, Maureen (18 July 2023). "The world's most powerful passports for 2023". CNN.
  3. ^ Smith, Oliver (29 February 2016). "The world's most powerful passports". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  4. ^ a b Lmahamad, Ayya (11 January 2023). "Azerbaijan improves its position in World Passport Index". Azer News.
  5. ^ Andrejevic, Mark and Volcic, Zala (2016). Commercial Nationalism: Selling the Nation and Nationalizing the Sell. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. ISBN 9781137500984
  6. ^ Neammanee, Pocharapon; Lee, Lloyd (20 July 2022). "The most powerful passports in the world in 2022, ranked". Insider Inc. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  7. ^ "How powerful is your country's passport in 2023?". Quartz. 24 January 2023.
  8. ^ Abrahamian, Atossa Araxia (2015). The Cosmopolites: The Coming of the Global Citizen, pp. 70–93. Colombia Global Reports, New York. ISBN 9780990976363
  9. ^ Dannielle Maguire (15 January 2023). "Australian passports are among the world's most powerful. So where can it take you?". ABC News.
  10. ^ Gleeson, Colin (19 July 2022). "Irish passport ranked joint sixth most powerful globally". The Irish Times. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  11. ^ Kelleher, Suzanne Rowan. "U.S Passport Is The 44th Most Powerful In The World, Per New Index". Forbes.
  12. ^ Fernandez, Celia (19 January 2023). "Japan has the No. 1 most powerful passport in the world for 2023—see where the U.S. lands on the list". CNBC.
  13. ^ "How powerful is the Indian passport? Check out Henley Index ranking". Zee Business. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  14. ^ McDonagh, Shannon (31 January 2022). "These are the world's most powerful passports in 2022". Euronews. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  15. ^ Neammanee, Pocharapon (28 July 2022). "The Most Powerful Passports in the World in 2022, Ranked". Entrepreneur magazine.
  16. ^ "Pakistani passport remains fourth-worst in the world: Henley index". Dawn (newspaper). 20 July 2022.
  17. ^ Kalin, Christian H. (2015). Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook (5 ed.). Ideos Publications. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-3-9524052-7-7.
  18. ^ Kalin, Christian H. (2015). Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook (5 ed.). Ideos Publications. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-3-9524052-7-7.
  19. ^ O'Hare, Maureen (18 July 2023). "The world's most powerful passports for 2023". CNN.
  20. ^ a b c "Henley Passport Index 2006 to 2018". Henley & Partners Passport Index. Henley & Partners Holdings Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The index and its contents are based on data provided by the International Air Transport Authority (IATA) and supplemented, enhanced, and updated using extensive in-house research and open-source online data.
  21. ^ O'Hare, Maureen (19 July 2022). "The world's most powerful passports for 2022". CNN.
  22. ^ Klawans, Justin (18 May 2023). "10 of the world's most powerful passports". The Week.
  23. ^ a b Lawler, Opheli Garcia (18 July 2023). "The U.S. Continues to Slide Down the International Passport Power Rankings". Thrillist.
  24. ^ a b Shan, Lee Ying (19 July 2023). "Singapore's passport is now the most powerful in the world. Here's how other countries ranked". CNBC.
  25. ^ "Most powerful passports for 2024 and di weakest according to Henley & Partners report". BBC. 12 January 2024.
  26. ^ "World's Most Powerful Passport Rankings [2024]". Forbes India.
  27. ^ "These are the world's most powerful passports in 2024. See where Australia sits". ABC News. 23 July 2024.
  28. ^ O'Hare, Maureen (10 January 2024). "The world's most powerful passports for 2024". CNN.
  29. ^ a b "Italy's New Luxury Hotels, The Most Powerful Passports, Delta's Free Wifi And More". Forbes.
  30. ^ "Henley Passport Index: World most powerful passports ranking for 2023". BBC. 10 January 2023.
  31. ^ Okafor, Chinedu (6 June 2024). "10 African countries with the weakest passports mid-way into 2024". Business Insider.
  32. ^ "Henley Passport Index: World most powerful passports ranking for 2023". BBC. 10 January 2023.
  33. ^ "Henley Passport Index:The World's Most Powerful Passports in 2023". 19 July 2023.
  34. ^ Whitley, Angus. "Europe once offered the world's most powerful passports. Not anymore". Fortune. Retrieved 28 August 2022.
  35. ^ "The World's Most Powerful Passports in 2022". OnlineVisa.
  36. ^ "Canadian Passport Ranked Eighth Most Powerful In World - Canada Immigration and Visa Information. Canadian Immigration Services and Free Online Evaluation". Canadian Citizenship & Immigration Resource Center. 21 July 2022.
  37. ^ Madden, Duncan (10 January 2020). "The Most Powerful Passports In The World In 2020". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  38. ^ a b "Henley Passport Index". Henley Passport Index. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  39. ^ "Henley Passport Global Ranking". Henley Passport Index. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.

Further reading

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  • Bai, Jianyin; Chen, Yin; Long, Yong (2021). "The structural equivalence of tourism cooperative network in the Belt and Road Initiative Area". Environmental Research. 197: 111043. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111043. PMID 33811863.
  • Bagchi, Pushpi (2021). "The Politics of a Passport to Design Practice". Perspectives on Design and Digital Communication II: Research, Innovations and Best Practices. Springer International Publishing. pp. 273–287. ISBN 978-3-030-75867-7.
  • Boatcă, Manuela (2021). "Unequal institutions in the longue durée: citizenship through a Southern lens". Third World Quarterly. 42 (9): 1982–2000. doi:10.1080/01436597.2021.1923398.
  • Dervin, Fred; Jacobsson, Andreas (2021). "Engaging Critically with Travel/Tourism and Interculturality". Teacher Education for Critical and Reflexive Interculturality. Springer International Publishing. pp. 133–148. ISBN 978-3-030-66337-7.
  • Okagbue, Hilary I.; Oguntunde, Pelumi E.; Bishop, Sheila A.; Adamu, Patience I.; Akhmetshin, Elvir M.; Iroham, Chukwuemeka O. (2021). "Significant Predictors of Henley Passport Index". Journal of International Migration and Integration. 22 (1): 21–32. doi:10.1007/s12134-019-00726-4. ISSN 1874-6365.
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