Yongkang dialect
 | This article may be a rough translation from Chinese. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency. (May 2026) |
| Yongkang dialect | |
|---|---|
| 永康话/永康話 | |
| Native to | People's Republic of China |
| Region | Yongkang, Zhejiang Province |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
The Yongkang dialect (simplified Chinese: 永康话; traditional Chinese: 永康話) is a Wu Chinese dialect. It is spoken in the city of Yongkang in Zhejiang province. The Yongkang dialect can roughly be divided into accents, commonly known as Shangjiaoqiang (上角腔) and Xiajiaoqiang (下角腔), spoken in northeastern Yongkang and south Yongkang respectively.
Phonology
[edit]Initials
[edit]The Yongkang dialect has 35 initials, including the zero-initial consonant.[1][2]
| Labial | Alveolar | Alveolo-Palatal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m 莫 |
n 納 |
ɲ̟ 尼 |
ŋ 呆 |
||||
| Plosive | voiceless | tenuis | p 剝 |
t 德 |
c 糾 |
k 該 |
ʔ[a] | |
| aspirated | pʰ 撲 |
tʰ 脫 |
cʰ 丘 |
kʰ 開 | ||||
| voiced | b 薄 |
d 特 |
ɟ 奇 |
ɡ 葵 |
||||
| Affricate | voiceless | tenuis | ʦ 資 |
ʨ 支 |
||||
| aspirated | ʦʰ 雌 |
ʨʰ 癡 |
||||||
| voiced | ʣ 直 |
ʥ 池 |
||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f 福 |
s 私 |
ɕ 施 |
ç 希 |
h 海 | ||
| voiced | v 服 |
z 慈 |
ʑ 時 |
ɦ 孩 | ||||
| Approximant | plain | j 野 |
||||||
| labial | ɥ 圓 |
|||||||
| Lateral | l 肋 |
|||||||
Finals
[edit]The Yongkang dialect has 39 rimes.[1]
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | ||
| Close | i 衣 |
y 迂 |
ɯ (colloquial) 鋸 |
u 烏 | |
| Mid | ə 北 |
||||
| Open | a 晏 |
||||
| Medial | Rime | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ | a | ɑ | o | ᴇ | ə | ɯ | ɯɤ | ai | ei | əi | au | əu | aŋ | əŋ | oŋ | |
| ∅ | ɿ 資 |
a 晏 |
ə 北 |
ɯ (colloquial) 鋸 |
ɯɤ 安 |
ai 壓 |
ei 哀 |
aŋ 骯 |
əŋ 恩 |
oŋ 翁 |
au 襖 |
əu 歐 | ||||
| i | i 衣 |
ia 挨 |
ĭᴀ 也 |
iᴇ 煙 |
ĭɜ 益 |
iau 妖 |
iəu 優 |
iaŋ 央 |
iəŋ 英 |
|||||||
| u | u 烏 |
ŭa 碗 |
uɑ 鴨 |
uo 倭 |
ŭʌ 滑 |
uai 歪 |
uəi 威 |
uaŋ 汪 |
uəŋ 溫 |
|||||||
| y | y 迂 |
ya 閱 |
yo 鬱 |
yᴇ 怨 |
y̆ɜ 役 |
yaŋ 裝 |
yəŋ 永 |
yoŋ 癰 | ||||||||
The Yongkang dialect also has /ŋ̍/ (as in 兒) in colloquial speech.
Tones
[edit]The Yongkang dialect has 6 tones.[1]
| Middle Chinese tone | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| píng 平 | shǎng 上 | qù 去 | |
| yīn 阴 | ˦˦ (44) | ˧˧˥ (35) | ˥˧ (52) |
| yáng 阳 | ˨˨ (22) | ˩˨˧ (13) | ˨˦/˨˦˩ (24/241) |
The checked tone of Middle Chinese has disappeared in the Yongkang dialect.[3]
The Yongkang dialect uses tone sandhi to form diminutives.[3]
| Middle Chinese tone | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| píng 平 | shǎng 上 | qù 去 | |
| yīn 阴 | ˧˨˦ (324) | ˥˧ (53) | ˧˧ (33) |
| yáng 阳 | ˧˨˦ (324) | ˨˦ (24) | ˩˩ (11) |
References
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- Yongkang County Annals Compilation Committee (1991). Yongkang County Annals. Zhejiang People's Publishing House. pp. 673–674. ISBN 721300638X.
- Yuan, Jianhua (2001). An Outline of Chinese Dialects. p. 78. ISBN 7801264746.
- Fu, Guotong (2010). Dialect Collection. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 9787101068962.