Wikipedia

List of converts to Christianity from Islam

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Converts to Christianity from Islam
Total population
Between 8.4 million (2014 study)[1] - 10.2 million (2015 study)[2]

According to the study 6 million of those converts came from Indonesia; however, the 6 million figure also includes descendants of those converts.

History

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Section contains alphabetical listing of converts from earlier times until the end of the 19th century

A

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Saint Abo of Tiflis, Patron Saint of Tbilisi, Georgia

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C

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Constantine the African was a physician who converted to Catholicism from Sunni Islam.[54][55]

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  • Umar ibn Hafsun – leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia; converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence[63]

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Imad ud-din Lahiz was an Islamic writer, preacher and Quranic translator, who converted to Christianity from Islam.
 
Sake Dean Mahomed was a traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who converted to Christianity from Sunni Islam.[69]

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N

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  • Aurelius and Natalia (died 852) – Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, and are counted among the Martyrs of Córdoba; Aurelius was the son of a Muslim father and a Christian mother. He was also secretly a follower of Christianity, as was his wife Natalia, who was also the child of a Muslim father.[80]
  • Ibrahim Njoya – Bamum king; back and forth conversions from Islam to Christianity[81]
  • Nunilo and Alodia – 9th-century sisters recognized as Catholic saints and martyrs in Moorish Spain, executed for apostasy for converting to Christianity

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Portrait of Bashir Shihab II, emir (prince) who ruled Ottoman Lebanon in the first half of the 19th century

T

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  • Tabaraji of Ternate – Indonesian sultan; converted to Roman Catholicism after 1534 and baptised with the name Dom Manuel[98][99]
  • Casilda of Toledo – daughter of a Muslim king of Toledo (called Almacrin or Almamun); became ill as a young woman and traveled to northern Iberia to partake of the healing waters of the shrine of San Vicente; when she was cured, she was baptized at Burgos; venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church[100]

U

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  • Muley Xeque (Arabic: مولاي الشيخ Mawlay al-Shaykh) – Moroccan prince, born in Marrakech in 1566; exiled in Spain, he converted to Roman Catholicism in Madrid and was known as Philip of Africa or Philip of Austria[103]

Y

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  • Zaida of Seville – born an Iberian Muslim; when Seville fell to the Almoravids, she fled to the protection of Alfonso VI of Castile, becoming his mistress, converting to Christianity and taking the baptismal name of Isabel[104]
  • Zayd Abu Zayd – the last Almohad governor of Valencia, Spain; remained a loyal ally of James I; in 1236 he converted to Roman Catholicism, adopting the name of Vicente Bellvis, a fact which he kept secret until the fall of Valencia[105]
  • Abu'l-Maghra ibn Musa ibn Zurara - last Zurarid emir of Arzen

20th and 21st century

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B

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Josephine Bakhita, Roman Catholic saint from Darfur, Sudan

C

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Michał Czajkowski, a Polish-Cossack writer and political emigre who worked both for the resurrection of Poland

D

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E

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Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary, Queen consort of Iran

F

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  • Joseph Fadelle (born Mohammed al-Sayyid al-Moussawi) – Roman Catholic convert from Islam and writer born in 1964 in Iraq to a Shiite family[166][167][168]
  • Rima Fakih – Lebanese-American actress, model, professional wrestler and beauty pageant titleholder; Miss USA 2010; converted to Maronite Christianity[169]
  • Donald Fareed – Iranian televangelist and minister[170]
  • Hazem Farraj – Palestinian-American writer, minister, and televangelist[171]

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  • Sabatina James (born 1982) – born in Dhedar, Pakistan; Austrian-Pakistani book author; started a new life in Vienna, changing her name and converting to Catholicism; baptized in 2006[180]
  • Esther John – born to a Pakistani Muslim family; converted to Christianity; became a nurse to rural communities in Northern India and was later murdered[181]
  • Mario Joseph – born into a Muslim family, he became a notable Imam before the age of 18, but subsequently converted to Catholicism whereupon he was tortured and forced to flee to Europe[182]
  • Lina Joy – Malay convert from Islam to Christianity; born Azlina Jailani in 1964 in Malaysia to Muslim parents of Javanese descent; converted at age 26; in 1998, she was baptized, and applied to have her conversion legally recognized by the Malaysian courts[183]

K

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O

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  • Malika Oufkir – Moroccan writer and daughter of General Mohamed Oufkir; she and her siblings are converts from Islam to Catholicism and she writes in her book, Stolen Lives, "we had rejected Islam, which had brought us nothing good, and opted for Catholicism instead".[205]

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Q

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  • Nabeel Qureshi – former Ahmadiyya Muslim; converted to Evangelical Christianity in 2005; became an internationally recognized apologist with Ravi Zacharias International Ministries[209][210]

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Albertus Soegijapranata, a national hero of Indonesia, was the first native Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop in Indonesia.
 
Queen Nazli Sabri of Egypt, who converted to Christian-Catholicism from Sunni Islam

T

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Conrad Tillard

U

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W

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References

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  1. ^ Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2014). "LIVING AMONG THE BREAKAGE: CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGY-MAKING AND EX-MUSLIM CHRISTIANS". The University of Edinburgh: 89. Retrieved 16 May 2020.[dead link‍]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion. 11: 8. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  3. ^ A El Shafie, Majed (2012). Freedom Fighter: One Man's Fight for One Free World. Destiny Image Publishers. ISBN 9780768487732. It estimated the Afghan Christian community ranges from 500 to 8,000 people. For all practical purposes, there are no native Afghan Christians; they are all converts from Islam who worship in secret to avoid being killed for apostasy..
  4. ^ "The Perilous Path from Muslim to Christian". The National Interest. 12 June 2021. Reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and Kurdistan.
  5. ^ a b Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane Alexander (2015). "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census". IJRR. 11 (10): 1–19. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  6. ^ "Kabylia: Christian Churches Closed by Algerian Authorities". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. 28 May 2019. Since 2000, thousands of Algerian Muslims have put their faith in Christ. Algerian officials estimate the number of Christians at 50,000, but others say it could be twice that number.
  7. ^ "Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 30 June 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021. there is an estimated 20,000 to 100,000 evangelical Christians in Algeria, who practice their faith in mainly unregistered churches in the Kabyle region
  8. ^ "The Catholic and Protestant churches are working together to draw up guidelines for conversions". The Tablet. 19 April 2016.
  9. ^ Aras, Bülent (1999). Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 166. ISBN 9780275963958. According to Iranian sources in Baku, Western "religious front associations" have converted some 5,000 Azerbaijanis to various Christian evangelical denominations since 1991
  10. ^ Monnier, F. le (2009). Rivista di studi politici internazionali. Facoltà di scienze politiche "Cesare Alfieri. p. 69. ISBN 9780275963958. the 1990s these front organizations succeeded in converting some 5,000 Azeris to various Christian evangelical
  11. ^ "The treatment of Christians in Bangladesh" (PDF). Refugee Review Tribunal: Australia. 23 November 2006. In the last thirty years, there has been an increase in the number of Muslims converting to Christianity. According to one estimate, in the period between 1971 and 1991, the number of Christian converts in Bangladesh has risen from two hundred thousand to four hundred thousand..
  12. ^ "Country Policy and Information Note - Bangladesh: Religious minorities and atheists". Home Office. 23 October 2018. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021. it is estimated that as many as 91,000 Muslims across Bangladesh have converted to Christianity in the last six years.
  13. ^ "In Europe, many Muslims renounce Islam, embrace Christianity: Report".
  14. ^ "Urban culture, religious conversion, and crossing ethnic fluidity among the Bulgarian Muslims ("Pomaks")". New Bulgarian University. 5 March 2015. Numerous cases of conversion from Islam to Orthodox Christianity are just one of the ways to express the changes in the fluid identity of Bulgarian Muslims ("Pomaks") in Bulgaria after 1990
  15. ^ A. West, Barbara (2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781438119137. more than 20,000 Abkhazian Muslims converted to Christianity
  16. ^ "German churches see rise in baptisms for refugees". Deutsche Welle. 6 May 2015. Thousands of refugees in Germany are converting from Islam to Christianity, although it could carry a huge personal risk for them. Independent churches are especially seeing many new converts.
  17. ^ "Over 20,000 converted to Christianity since 1990 in Kashmir". Kashmir Watch. 19 January 2012. Over 20,000 Kashmiri Muslims are reported to have converted to Christianity since the inception of militancy in 1990.
  18. ^ "Iran: Christians and Christian converts - Department of Justice". Home Office. 20 February 2020. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2021. Open Doors, interviewed by the UK Home Office on 8 August 2017, stated that many converts do not publicly report their faith due to persecution, so it is difficult to record the exact numbers of Iranian Christian converts. Open Doors believes the number to be 800,000, although this is a conservative estimate. Other estimates put the number between 400,000-500,000 this number is not accurate at all right up to 3 million... A March 2019 US Congressional Research Service report on Iran put the 300,000
  19. ^ "Are Iran's Christian converts at greater risk after Soleimani's demise?". The Jerusalem Post. 7 February 2018. Conservative estimates place the number of Christians in Iran between 500,000 to 800,000 believers, but others claim there are more than one million. Traditionally, Christian families amount to around 250,000, while the remainder consists of converts from Islam. Most converts from Islam belong to the underground Protestant house-church movement, which Iran considers to be illegal. Meanwhile, according to Islamic and Iranian law, conversion from Islam is a capital offense.
  20. ^ Radford, David (2015). Religious Identity and Social Change: Explaining Christian conversion in a Muslim world. Routledge. ISBN 9781317691716. Today it is possible to speak of thousand of Kyrgyz and Kazakhs converted to Protestantism. This new phenomenon has clashed with the common belief that all native people must be Muslim
  21. ^ "A Muslim Leader Converted to Christianity in Iraqi Kurdistan!". 19 October 2014. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  22. ^ "Out of hiding, some Kosovars embrace Christianity". Reuters. 29 September 2008.
  23. ^ "Muslim Kosovars rediscover their long-forgotten Roman Catholic roots". Washington post. 6 May 2015.
  24. ^ Akçalı, Pınar (2013). Politics, Identity and Education in Central Asia: Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. Routledge. ISBN 9781135627676.
  25. ^ RChinyong Liow, Joseph (2016). Religion and Nationalism in Southeast Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 142. ISBN 9781107167728. Harussani Zakaria, publicly fulminated that up to 260,000 Muslims in Malaysia had left the faith and converted to Christianity
  26. ^ Carnes, Nat (2012). Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253. ISBN 9781475903423. . In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity
  27. ^ "'House-Churches' and Silent Masses —The Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret – VICE News". 23 March 2015. Converted Moroccans — most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 —
  28. ^ "Iranian refugees turn to Christianity in the Netherlands". BBC. 25 August 2017. In the Netherlands, thousands of Iranian Muslim migrants and refugees are converting to Christianity, despite conversion from Islam being considered apostasy in Iran and punishable by death.
  29. ^ Mutalib, Hussin (2012). Singapore Malays: Being Ethnic Minority and Muslim in a Global City-State. Routledge. p. 163. ISBN 9781136307324. Given the sensitivity of religious conversion in Singapore, reliable data about religious conversions of ethnic groups is almost non-existent. Some Muslim organizations that deal with conversion and problems of Muslim converts, however, estimated that about 100 Malays converted to Christianity within the last decade or so.
  30. ^ "Christianity grows in Syrian town once besieged by Islamic State". Reuters. 16 April 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  31. ^ "Kurds Embrace Christianity and Kobani Celebrates Inauguration of Church". 26 June 2019.
  32. ^ Abdullaev, Kamoludin (2018). Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 370. ISBN 9781538102527. In 2016, the government estimated the number of Christian converts at up to 3,000 persons.
  33. ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Tunisia. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (September 14, 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  34. ^ M. Shaw Ph.D, Jeffrey (2019). Religion and Contemporary Politics: A Global Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 200. ISBN 9781440839337.
  35. ^ "Fearing a new holy empire: Just when Turks are worried about Christians, here comes the Pope". Maclean's. 4 December 2006. More tangibly, figures published in January 2004 in Turkey's mainstream Milliyet newspaper claimed that 35,000 Muslims, the vast majority of them in Istanbul, had converted to Christianity in 2003. While impossible to confirm (the Turkish government does not release these figures), the rate of conversion, according to Christian leaders in Turkey, is on the rise.
  36. ^ report, MRG international (2007). A Quest for Equality: Minorities in Turkey. Minority Rights Group International. p. 13. ISBN 9781904584636. The estimated number of Protestants in Turkey is 4,000–6,000, most of whom live in Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir. Protestantism has been a part of Turkey's history for 200 years, first spreading among the non-Muslim minorities. Conversion from Islam to Protestantism was very rare until the 1960s, but Muslim converts currently constitute the majority of Protestants..
  37. ^ Mostafavi Mobasher, Mohsen (2018). The Iranian Diaspora: Challenges, Negotiations, and Transformations. University of Texas Press. p. 82. ISBN 9781477316672. There is no space to elaborate here, but the research carried out by Spellman (2004b) and Miller (2014) sheds light on the growth of Iranian Muslim conversion to born-again Christianity in England and Scotland
  38. ^ Scott, Rob (2017). Mount Taylor. University of Tasmania Press. ISBN 9781387230914.
  39. ^ Mvan Gorder, Christian (2018). Muslim-Christian Relations in Central Asia. Routledge. p. 17. ISBN 9781135971694.
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  43. ^ [The New Encyclopedia of Islam] p.154
  44. ^ *Masonen, Pekka (2001). "Leo Africanus: the man with many names" (PDF). Al-Andalus Magreb. 8–9: 115–143.
  45. ^ Kevin Shillington (14 May 2012), History of Africa, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 9781137003331, Leo Africanus (following his capture by Christians and forced conversion to Christianity
  46. ^ Church missionary intelligencer. 1864. p. 1-PA125.
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  48. ^ Shamistan Nazarli. Karabakh Battles of the 1920s. Azerbaijan National Library. Baku, 2009; p. 125
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  53. ^ Frederick, Vincent (1991). "Wadih Ibn Raja', Al-". In Aziz Suryal Atiya (ed.). The Coptic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Macmillan Publishers. col. 2311a.
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  60. ^ "Estevanico". www.elizabethan-era.org.uk.
  61. ^ "Nadir Shah and the Afsharid Legacy", The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Ed. Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly and Charles Melville, (Cambridge University Press, 1991), 11.
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  63. ^ Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, Spain, Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1-74059-700-1, Google Print, pp. 743.
  64. ^ Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic
  65. ^ Allen, W.E.D. (1932). A history of the Georgian people; from the beginning down to the Russian conquest in the nineteenth century. London: Routledge & K. Paul. p. 383. ISBN 0-7100-6959-6.
  66. ^ Archil von Kartli Family all over the world
  67. ^ (in Russian) Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East by Alexei Pylev. 13 April 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2006
  68. ^ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 – "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading Sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and Sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
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  90. ^ El-Khazen, Farid (2000). The Breakdown of the State in Lebanon, 1967-1976. Harvard University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9780674081055. Soon afterwards, the Shihabi amirs converted to Christianity and identified with the Maronite community.
  91. ^ Moosa, Matti (1986). The Maronites in History. Syracuse University Press. p. 283. ISBN 9780815623656. turning point in the history of the Shihabis when the Amir Ali al - Shihabi became converted to Christianity and joined the Maronite Church.
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  96. ^ Ramet, Sabrina (1998). Nihil obstat: religion, politics, and social change in East-Central Europe and Russia. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-0822320708.. "This happened in 1443 when Gjergj Kastrioti (called Skenderbeg), who had been reared as a Muslim in the sultan's palace, abandoned the Islamic faith and publicly reverted to the creed of his forefathers. But this conversion was not merely a public gesture of defiance. It was the first act in a revolutionary drama. For, after changing his religious allegiance, Skenderbeg demanded that Muslim colonists and converts alike embrace Christianity on pain of death, declaring a kind of holy war against the sultan/caliph."
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  118. ^ "CBC Radio – The Current – Whole Show Blow-by-Blow". Archived from the original on 30 November 2009.
  119. ^ Juan Andrés, Confusión o confutación de la secta mahomética y del Alcorán, edited by Elisa Ruiz García (Salamanca, 2003).
  120. ^ "Matthew Ashimolowo Net Worth". Telegraph. Retrieved 4 August 2007. at age 22 converted to Christianity from Islam
  121. ^ Asmirandah Pindah Agama Demi Bisa Menikah Lagi Dengan Jonas Rivanno? Asmirandah come to the church once a week.
  122. ^ Rabu, 29 Januari 2014 12:11 Penulis: Darmadi Sasongko. "Soal Foto Ibadah di Gereja, Asmirandah: Agamaku Adalah Hakku". KapanLagi.com. Retrieved 1 April 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  125. ^ Biography of Johannes Aveteranian Archived 12 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  126. ^ Happy Birthday Parveen Babi, The Indian Express
  127. ^ "Church completes 125 years". The Times of India. 20 November 2007. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
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  129. ^ Hutchison, Robert A. (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. St. Martin's Press. p. 7. ISBN 0312193440. – "Sister Josephine Bakhita had been converted by force to Islam and then, freedom restored, had chosen Christianity".
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  131. ^ "Fla. police: No credible threat to runaway convert, AP". miamiherald.com. 14 November 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2012.[dead link‍]
  132. ^ The Kurdish Minority Problem, p.11, December 1948, ORE 71-48, CIA "The first of the major Barzani revolts took place in 1931 after Sheikh Ahmed Barzani, one of the most prominent Kurdish leaders in Iraqi Kurdistan, announced his conversion to Christianity and succeeded in defeating a number of other Kurdish tribes as well as regular Iraqi troops." "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).
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  169. ^ "First-Ever Muslim Miss USA Rima Fakih Converts to Christianity, Report Claims". Retrieved 4 June 2018.
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  171. ^ http://www.trunews.com/ex-muslim-preaches-the-gospel/ ‘Ex-Muslim’ preaches the Gospel
  172. ^ Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
  173. ^ Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks? Archived 28 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine Government testimony (PDF)
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  175. ^ "Kiki Fatmala changes her religion". Viva.co.id. 7 April 2021.
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  182. ^ "Former imam: God saved me from torture after Christian conversion". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  183. ^ Note: Sharia, the Arabic term for Islamic law, is typically spelled "Syariah" in Malaysian English
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  187. ^ Christiansë, Yvette (1999). Castaway. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822324210.
  188. ^ Michael Mubangizi (13 January 2012). "Uganda: They Stand Tall in New Found Faith". allAfrica. Kampala. The Observer. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  189. ^ http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2010/09/20/zakat-pinkan-mambo-pindah-ke-gereja Pinkan Mambo move to church
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  192. ^ Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary. United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0340806966.
  193. ^ Saya juga minta maaf kepada seluruh komunitas Gereja Ortodok diakses 3 February 2006
  194. ^ Roy Marten, who said that he has been a follower of the Church for three years Archived 1 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine diakses 3 February 2006
  195. ^ Roy Marten Main Sinetron Edisi Natal diakses 12 December 2006
  196. ^ In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, pg. 284
  197. ^ "Carlos Menem" Encyclopædia Britannica
  198. ^ "When a Catholic Bishop Baptized his Muslim Father". Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  199. ^ Brad Biggs (20 May 2005). "Muhammad all about giving as well as receiving". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 148.
  200. ^ Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 196.
  201. ^ Merica, Dan (1 October 2011). "Iranian pastor faces death for rape, not apostasy – report". CNN.
  202. ^ http://manado.tribunnews.com/2013/10/04/pesan-terakhir-diana-nasution-jangan-lupa-pelayanan-gereja "Mama benar-benar minta jangan sampai lupa pelayanan gereja,"
  203. ^ http://life.viva.co.id/news/read/449316-rita-nasution-dan-minggus-tahitoe-berduet-di-depan-peti-diana Walau saya Muslim, Hajah saya tetap bisa menyanyikan semua lagu.
  204. ^ "Flight from Iran". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
  205. ^ "Wafin: Moroccan Connections in America". www.wafin.com.
  206. ^ Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 81-208-1642-0, Google Print, pp. 122–123.
  207. ^ "8 Artis Pakai Nama Suami Usai Nikah, Banyak yang Pindah Agama". 9 July 2020.
  208. ^ "Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  209. ^ Qureshi, Nabeel (2014). Seeking Allah, Finding Jesus: A Devout Muslim Encounters Christianity. Grand Rapids: Michigan: Zondervan. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-310-51502-9.
  210. ^ Qureshi, Nabeel. "Biography". Teams. Ravi Zacharias International Ministries. Archived from the original on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  211. ^ http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/tracking-down-daud-rahbar/ Tracking down Daud Rahbar
  212. ^ http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2013/10/countries/united-states/exiled-writer-educator-dr-daud-rahbar-passed-away-in-florida Exiled writer, educator Dr Daud Rahbar passed away in Florida
  213. ^ "Al Jazeera English - News". Archived from the original on 30 July 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  214. ^ Norge IDAG – Norwegian language newspaper – Friday 7 May 2010
  215. ^ http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/toleransi-beragama-di-keluarga-dewi-rezer-coo3qbm.html Toleransi Beragama di Keluarga Dewi Rezer
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  217. ^ Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar
  218. ^ Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850 – 1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9
  219. ^ http://www.thefreelibrary.com/L'enigme+de+la+reine+Nazli.-a0322366394 L'enigme de la reine Nazli.
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  221. ^ http://biokristi.sabda.org/kiai_sadrach Makna Sumbangan Komunitas Sadrach bagi Upaya Kontekstualisasi Gereja
  222. ^ "De l'islam au réveil chrétien", Regardsprotestants, 15th of Feb, 2023
  223. ^ "Bukti Hanung Berjiwa Labil dan Sebarkan Virus Menggoyang Iman". Eramuslim. 30 November 2001.
  224. ^ "Antara Hanung Bramantyo dan Muhammad Syarif - VOA-ISLAM.COM". www.voa-islam.com.
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  227. ^ http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/56767.Bilquis_Sheikh I Dared to Call Him Father: The Miraculous Story of a Muslim Woman's Encounter with God
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  229. ^ "Is the 'prosperity gospel' prospering?". Archived from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  230. ^ Vickers (2005), page 86
  231. ^ Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians. p. 196
  232. ^ Schwaner, Birgit (1 June 2007). "Der Abenteurer aus Ober St. Veit" (in German). Weiner Zeitung. Archived from the original on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2008. He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
  233. ^ Aritonang, Jan S.; Steenbrink, Karel A., eds. (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Studies in Christian Mission. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17026-1.
  234. ^ "Islam, the West and the need for honesty". The Age. 16 October 2004.
  235. ^ "TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT". Archived from the original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  236. ^ "Suara2 Keberatan ke HT yg cina murtad; Prabowo yg Berontak & Pramono Edhi yg Muallaf | Corak Warna : Corak Warna". Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014. Hary Tanoe Akui Ayahnya Muslim Taat. Ustadz Shabri: Berarti dia Murtad
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  238. ^ Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982
  239. ^ http://www.hraicjk.org/apostasy_and_prophet_muhammad.html Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Theologians from Chechnya and Dagestan ordered Muslims to carry out the death sentence against Gov. Aman Tuleyev "at the first possible opportunity"
  240. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "'Muslims won't win against the West'". YouTube.
  241. ^ Мусульманская община Ярославля встретилась со знаменитой спортсменкой Ляйсан Утяшевой — Муслим-пресс, 21/05/2006[permanent dead link‍]
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  244. ^ Jazexhi, Olsi. "Shqiptarizimi i demshem i Aleances Kuq e Zi". Shqiperia. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  245. ^ Jazexhi, Olsi (December 2007). "The Political Exploitation of Islamophobia in post–communist Albania". Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  246. ^ Ernst, Andreas (12 July 2017). "Ein Segen für Albanien". NZZ. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
  247. ^ "Публикация Julia Volkova | Юля Волкова в Instagram • Фев 26 2017 в 4:26 UTC" (in Russian). Instagram. 26 February 2017. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021.
  248. ^ Белая, Саша (27 February 2017). Юля Волкова вернулась в православие (in Russian). Woman.ru.
  249. ^ Бывшая "татушка" Юлия Волкова вернулась из ислама в православие (in Russian). News.ru. 28 February 2017.
  250. ^ You quizzed George Weah – BBC.com
  251. ^ Tatari, Eren (6 June 2014). Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham, and Tower Hamlets. Brill Publishers. p. 51. ISBN 978-9004269699. For instance, Richmond upon Thames councillor Munira Hassam converted to Christianity from Islam eight years ago; hence is not included in the dataset.
  252. ^ "Sigi Wimala Dinikahi Sutradara Film di Gereja". detikhot. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  253. ^ "Nikah Diam-Diam, Sigi Wimala Digosipkan Hamil". celebrity.okezone.com. 11 November 2009.
  254. ^ http://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2009/11/11/33/274295/nikah-diam-diam-sigi-wimala-digosipkan-hamil Sigi Wimala pregnant before wedding ?
  255. ^ http://fr.scribd.com/doc/36690616/Pendiri-Gereja-Kristen-Jawa Pendiri Gereja Kristen Jawa
  256. ^ http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_1979_num_17_1_1463 Karangjoso revisité: aux origines du christianisme à Java central
  257. ^ Aikman, David (2003). Jesus in Beijing: How Christianity is Transforming China and Changing the Global Balance of Power. Regnery Publishing. p. 11.
  258. ^ Catherine Elsworth & Carolynne Wheeler (24 August 2008). "Mosab Hassan Yousef, son of Hamas leader, becomes a Christian". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
  259. ^ http://ebahana.com/warta/1714-nania-kurniawati-yusuf Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine "Sudah satu tahun terakhir saya mengakui bahwa Yesus adalah Tuhan dan juruselamat,"
  260. ^ "Nania Idol, Jadi Garam Dan Terang Lewat Musik Rock". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014. Nania yang kini telah memeluk agama Kristen, datang ke Manado untuk ikut serta dalam ibadah raya Kebaktian Kebangunan Rohani
  261. ^ Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."

See also

edit
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