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Lists of most common surnames in European countries

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This article contains lists of the most common surnames in most of the countries of Europe, including Armenia, Kosovo, and five transcontinental countries but excluding five European microstates. Countries are arranged in alphabetical order.

Albania

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See also: Albanian name

At the moment, listings for the most common names are unavailable for Albania. However the most common names include the following:

  • Common names denoting profession. Of these, religious professional names have been particularly widespread, including Hoxha (a Muslim priest, Sunni or Bektashi, with its variant Hoxhaj), Prifti (a Christian priest, Catholic or Orthodox), Shehu (a Bektashi priest) and Dervishi (Bektashi clergy). Bektashi itself is also a common surname. Ironically, Hoxha was the surname of Enver Hoxha, the leader of Communist Albania who banned all religions. There are numerous other professional names which are not as common. Begu also denotes a former ruler and also the surname(s) Gjoni or Gjonaj.
  • Common names which originated as patrinomials. Common names of this sort include Leka or Lekaj (Alex), Gjoni or Gjonaj (John), Murati (Murad), Mehmeti (Mehmed), Hysi (typically short for Hussein), Gjika/Gjoka (short for Jacob, cf Jake), Marku (Mark), Kola/Kolla/Nikolla (Nicholas), Hasani (Hassan), Kristi/Kristo, Luka (Lucas), Brahimi (Abraham, from Turkish), Sinani, Thanasi (Athanasius), Halili (Halil), and Abazi (Abbas). Albanians of Muslim background often bear Christian last names (denoting former Christian origin), and those with Christian often bear Muslim last names (which many in Northern regions adopted thinking it would lead to better treatment from the Ottoman authorities), although the holders of Bektashi surnames are usually actually of Bektashi background
  • Common names which originated as place names. May denote former residence, or, if the bearer has a Muslim patrilineal background, that their ancestors ruled the place. Common places used as surnames include Dibra, Laci, Shkodra, Prishtina, Delvina, Koroveshi and Permeti, as well as the famous Frasheri surname of the Frasheri family. Additionally common some names indicate regional origins: Gega/Gegaj (for one of Gheg origin), Tosku/Toskaj (signifying Tosk origin) and Chami (for Cham origin).
  • Some common names are Northern Albanian clan names that double as place names such as Kelmendi and Shkreli. Other notable clan-origin names include Berisha, Krasniqi and Gashi. These sorts of names are very common in far Northern Albania and in Kosovo.
  • Colors: of which Kuqi (red) and Bardhi (white) are the most commonly used as surnames.
Rank Surname Note (equivalent or else meaning)
* Hoxha a Muslim priest, Sunni or Bektashi, with its variant Hoxhaj
* Prifti a Christian priest, Catholic or Orthodox
* Shehu a Bektashi priest
* Dervishi Bektashi clergy
* Bektashi follower of Bektashism
* Begu
* Gjoni or Gjonaj John
* Leka or Lekaj Alex
* Gjoni or Gjonaj John
* Murati Murad
* Mehmeti Mehmed
* Hysi short for Hussein
* Gjika/Gjoka short for Jacob, cf Jake
* Marku Mark
* Kola/Kolla/Nikolla Nicholas
* Hasani Hassan
* Kristi/Kristo Christian
* Luka Lucas
* Brahimi Abraham, from Turkish
* Sinani
* Thanasi Athanasius
* Halili Halil
* Abazi Abbas
* Dibra from Dibër
* Laçi from Laç
* Shkodra from Shkodër
* Prishtina from Pristina
* Delvina from Delvinë
* Koroveshi
* Përmeti from Përmet
* Frashëri from Frashër
* Gega/Gegaj of Gheg origin or son of Gegë
* Toska/Toskaj signifying Tosk origin
* Çami Cham origin
* Kelmendi
* Shkreli
* Berisha
* Krasniqi from the namesake settlement (of Serbian origin)
* Gashi
* Kuqi red
* Bardhi white

Armenia

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See also: Armenian name
Source: Armenia's Voter List[1]
Rank Name Armenian Root name
1 Grigoryan Գրիգորյան Grigor (Gregory)
2 Harutyunyan Հարությունյան Harutyun ("resurrection")
3 Sargsyan Սարգսյան Sargis (Sergius)
4 Hovhannisyan Հովհաննիսյան Hovhannes (John)
5 Khachatryan Խաչատրյան Khachatur ("given by cross")
6 Hakobyan Հակոբյան Hakob (Jacob)
7 Petrosyan Պետրոսյան Petros (Peter)
8 Vardanyan Վարդանյան Vardan
9 Gevorgyan Գեւորգյան Gevorg (George)
10 Karapetyan Կարապետյան Karapet ("forerunner")
11 Mkrtchyan Մկրտչյան Mkrtich ("baptist")
12 Ghazaryan Ղազարյան Ghazar (Lazarus)
13 Manukyan Մանուկյան Manuk ("child")
14 Avetisyan Ավետիսյան Avetis/Avetik ("good news")
15 Poghosyan Պողոսյան Poghos (Paul)
16 Martirosyan Մարտիրոսյան Martiros ("martyr")
17 Sahakyan Սահակյան Sahak (Isaac)
18 Arakelyan Առաքելյան Arakel ("apostle")
19 Margaryan Մարգարյան Margar
20 Davtyan Դավթյան Davit (David)

Austria

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The forty-one most common surnames in Austria as published in 2006 are shown below beside the approximate percentage of the Austrian population sharing each surname.[2]

Rank Surname Meaning Approximate percentage
1 Gruber one who lives in the valley 0.3991
2 Huber land-owning farmer 0.3873
3 Bauer farmer 0.3373
4 Wagner Wainwright 0.3100
5 Müller Miller 0.3012
6 Pichler one who lives on or by a hill 0.2753
7 Steiner one who dwells by the stone 0.2713
8 Moser one who lives on moorland 0.2674
9 Mayer a variant of Meier 0.2653
10 Hofer probably for steward, property or horse maintenance, even blacksmith or related 0.2479
11 Leitner one who lives at a hillside 0.2429
12 Berger one who lives in the mountains 0.2383
13 Fuchs Fox 0.2250
14 Eder one who lives in a barren land 0.2144
15 Fischer Fisher 0.2141
16 Schmid blacksmith 0.2115
17 Winkler a small trader 0.2015
18 Weber weaver 0.1995
19 Schwarz black 0.1961
20 Maier a variant of Meier 0.1946
21 Schneider tailor 0.1915
22 Reiter horse rider or 'from the forest clearing' (-reuth [de]) 0.1790
23 Mayr a variant of Meier 0.1751
24 Schmidt Smith 0.1740
25 Wimmer Vintner 0.1628
26 Egger Ploughman 0.1610
27 Brunner one dwells by a water well 0.1602
28 Lang long 0.1599
29 Baumgartner Forrester (lit. 'tree gardener') 0.1586
30 Auer 'from the meadow' 0.1555
31 Binder Cooper 0.1458
32 Lechner variant of Lehner 0.1435
33 Wolf Wolf 0.1395
34 Wallner pos. 'forest dweller' Waldenare or a variant of Waldemar 0.1394
35 Aigner allodial title 0.1386
36 Ebner 'from the plateau or flatland' 0.1342
37 Koller 'charcoal maker', variant of Kohler 0.1301
38 Lehner a feudal land holder, see also Lehnsmann 0.1268
39 Haas Hare 0.1261
40 Schuster Cobbler 0.1168
41 Heilig Holy 0.1161

Azerbaijan

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Rank[3] Surname Romanization Meaning
1 Məmmədov Mammadov son of Mammad
2 Əliyev Aliyev son of Ali
3 Hüseynov Huseynov son of Hüseyn
4 Həsənov Hasanov son of Hasan
5 Quliyev Guliyev son of Qulu
6 İsmayılov Ismayilov son of Ismayil
7 Əhmədov Ahmadov son of Ahmad
8 Abdullayev Abdullayev son of Abdulla
9 Abbasov Abbasov son of Abbas
10 Cəfərov Jafarov son of Jafar

Belarus

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Statistics available for the Belarusian capital of Minsk only:[4]

Rank Surname in Russian Surname in Belarusian Romanization Population
1 Иванов Іваноў Ivanoŭ 7,000
2 Козлов Казлоў Kazloŭ 4,700
3 Ковалёв Кавалёў Kavalioŭ 4,300
4 Козловский Казлоўскі Kazloŭski 3,900
5 Новик Новік Novik 3,300

Belgium

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Belgium is a European nation composed of three main regions: Flemish Region (Flanders), Walloon Region (Wallonia), and Brussels-Capital Region. Flanders has a Dutch-language tradition, while Wallonia has a French-language tradition. The Brussels-Capital Region is a mix of both Dutch- and French-language influences, with a large influx of foreign names. These different linguistic backgrounds are reflected in differing frequencies of surnames, as shown in the table below. On 31 December 1997 there were 316 295 different surnames in Belgium (total population: 11,521,238).

  • Note — the following table contains the ten most common surnames in each of the three federal regions as of 1 January 2021.[5][6]
Rank Surname Population Language Meaning
National Brussels Flanders Wallonia
1 8 7 63 Peeters 31,079 Dutch (son) of Peter [earlier form: Peeter]
2 6 2 52 Janssens 28,532 Dutch (son) of John
3 20 3 66 Maes 24,594 Dutch (son) of Thomas [earlier form: Thomaes]
4 13 4 88 Jacobs 19,077 Dutch (son) of Jacob / James
5 17 6 66 Mertens 17,906 Dutch (son) of Maarten [earlier form: Merten]
6 39 5 65 Willems 17,747 Dutch (son) of Willem
7 79 7 102 Claes 15,798 Dutch (son) of Nicolaas [earlier form: Niclaes]
8 33 9 124 Goossens 15,269 Dutch (son) of Goos
9 68 8 181 Wouters 14,999 Dutch (son) of Walter
10 57 10 259 De Smet 13,484 Dutch the smith
13 7 237 1 Dubois 12,387 French of the forest
17 21 262 2 Lambert 11232 French bright land
7 22 162 4 Dupont 9,795 French of the bridge
31 9 546 3 Martin 8,677 French of or pertaining to the Roman god Mars
36 1 295 109 Diallo 8,159 Fula unclear (one of four common Fula surnames)
37 15 1134 5 Simon 7,533 French
40 25 797 7 Dumont 7,389 French of the mountain
45 30 1283 6 Leclercq 7,117 French the clerk
47 29 1119 8 Laurent 6,785 French from Laurentum
50 35 944 10 Denis 6,636 French Derived from Greek god of wine, Dionysus, but original etymology unclear
59 87 1638 9 Lejeune 6,246 French the young one
119 2 564 381 Bah 4,516 Fula unclear (one of four common Fula surnames)
234 3 1010 370 Barry 3,332 Fula unclear (one of four common Fula surnames)
318 5 1114 268 Nguyen 2,736 Vietnamese Sino-Vietnamese 阮 ('ruan')
451 4 1751 999 Sow 2,132 Fula unclear (one of four common Fula surnames)
956 10 2482 2970 Benali 1,267 Arabic son of Ali

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Bosniaks

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See also: Bosniaks
Rank Surname Meaning
1 Hodžić Imam
2 Hadžić Hajji
3 Čengić Turkish for Genghis
4 Delić son of a delija (brave)
5 Demirović son of Demir
6 Kovačević son of the blacksmith
7 Tahirović son of Tahir
8 Ferhatović son of Ferhat
9 Muratović son of Murat
10 Ibrahimović son of Ibrahim
11 Hasanović son of Hasan
12 Mehmedović son of Mehmed
13 Salihović son of Salih
14 Terzić tailor
15 Ademović son of Adem
16 Adilović son of Adil
17 Delemović son of Delem
18 Zukić
19 Krličević
20 Suljić son of Suliman (Salomon)
21 Ahmetović son of Ahmad

Serbs

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See also: Serbs

The following names are the most common names for Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina.[7]

Rank Surname Meaning
1 Kovačević son of the blacksmith
2 Subotić of Saturday
3 Savić son of Sava
4 Popović son of the priest
5 Jovanović son of Jovan
6 Petrović son of Petar
7 Đurić son of Đura
8 Babić of grandmother, old woman
9 Lukić son of Luka
10 Knežević son of the prince
11 Marković son of Marko
12 Ilić son of Ilija
13 Đukić son of Đuka
14 Vuković son of Vuk/ of wolf
15 Vujić son of Vujo
16 Simić son of Simo
17 Radić son of Rade
18 Nikolić son of Nikola
19 Marić son of Mara
20 Mitrović son of Mitar
21 Tomić son of Toma/Tomo
22 Božić son of Božo
23 Golubović of dove/pigeon
24 Mirković son of Mirko

Bulgaria

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See also: Bulgarian name

Feminized names included (m. Dimitrov – f. Dimitrova). Figures are from 2018 and provided by the Bulgarian National Statistics Institute.[8]

Statistic of the Bulgarian surnames
Rank Surname Transliteration Number of males Number of females
1 Иванов/Иванова Ivanov/Ivanova 136,125 141,183
2 Георгиев/Георгиева Georgiev/Georgieva 105,209 108,302
3 Димитров/Димитрова Dimitrov/Dimitrova 101,020 104,754
4 Петров/Петрова Petrov/Petrova 67,804 71,082
5 Николов/Николова Nikolov/Nikolova 58,189 61,339
6 Христов/Христова Hristov/Hristova 53,818 57,034
7 Стоянов/Стоянова Stoyanov/Stoyanova 53,088 56,387
8 Тодоров/Тодорова Todorov/Todorova 52,139 54,275
9 Илиев/Илиева Iliev/Ilieva 44,732 46,343
10 Ангелов/Ангелова Angelov/Angelova 43,985 45,629

Croatia

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Rank[9][10][11] Frequency Surname Surname derivation[12]
1 21,618 Horvat ethnic name for a Croat
2 15,160 Kovačević patronymic, from kovač 'blacksmith'
3 12,840 Babić matronymic, or nickname, from baba '(old) woman', 'grandmother'
4 11,555 Marić 1. matronymic, from Mara – short variant of Marija 'Mary'; 2. patronymic, from Maro – short variant of Marije 'Marius' or Marijan 'Marianus'
5 11,163 Jurić patronymic, from Jure or Juro – regional variants of Juraj 'George'
6 10,794 Novak 1. a newcomer, from novy 'new'; 2. topographic name, for peasant who settled on newly cleared land
7 10,546 Kovačić patronymic, from kovač 'blacksmith'
8 10,334 Knežević from knez 'prince' or 'duke'
9 10,191 Vuković patronymic, from Vuk – ancient Slavic name meaning 'wolf'
10 9,854 Marković patronymic, from Marko 'Marcus'
11 9,614 Petrović patronymic, from Petar and Peter
12 9,960 Matić patronymic, from Matija 'Matthias' or Matej 'Matthew'; or possibly from their short variants Mate or Mato
13 9,464 Tomić patronymic, from Tomo or Toma 'Thomas'
14 8,601 Pavlović patronymic, from Pavao, Pavle, and Pavel 'Paul'
15 8,542 Kovač occupational name, from kovač 'blacksmith'
16 8,258 Božić patronymic, from Božo (from bozhy meaning 'of God')
17 8,152 Blažević patronymic, from Blaž lat. Blasius 'Blaise'
18 8,010 Grgić patronymic, from Grga or Grgo – short variants of Grgur 'Gregory'
19 7,538 Pavić patronymic, from Pavo – short or regional variant of Pavao 'Paul'
20 7,406 Radić patronymic, from Rade (Slavic name meaning 'happy')
21 7,351 Perić patronymic, from Pero (Peter)
22 7,321 Filipović patronymic, from Filip
23 7,184 Šarić
24 7,131 Lovrić patronymic, from Lovro (Lawrence)
25 6,986 Vidović patronymic, from Vid (Vitus)
26 6,903 Perković patronymic, from Perko (Peter)
27 6,797 Popović patronymic, from Pop (priest)
28 6,760 Bošnjak regional name, person from Bosnia
29 6,653 Jukić patronymic, from Juko or Juka – regional variants of Juraj 'George'
30 6,417 Barišić patronymic, from Bariša – short or regional variant of Bartol, Bartul, Bartolomej 'Bartholomew'

Czechia

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Feminized names are included (m. Novák/f. Nováková). Figures are from 2009 and provided by the Czech Ministry of the Interior.

Statistic of the Czech Republic surnames[13][14][15]
Rank Surname Meaning Number of men Number of women
1 Novák/Nováková new man/woman 34,168 35,558
2 Svoboda/Svobodová freeholder 25,292 26,569
3 Novotný/Novotná newman 24,320 25,328
4 Dvořák/Dvořáková grange owner 22,299 23,445
5 Černý/Černá dark or black 17,813 18,504
6 Procházka/Procházková walker 16,074 16,817
7 Kučera/Kučerová curly man/woman 15,187 15,689
8 Veselý/Veselá cheerful, merry man/woman 12,882 13,494
9 Horák/Horáková highlander 12,165 12,796
10 Němec/Němcová German 11,192 11,563

Denmark

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Nineteen of the twenty most common Danish surnames as of 1 January 2022 are patronymic ending in Norse -sen ('son of'), the only exception being Møller (Miller).[16]

Rank Surname Meaning
(*variant/s also listed)		 #
1 Nielsen son of Niels 236,397
2 Jensen son of Jens 233,713
3 Hansen son of Hans 197,548
4 Pedersen son of Peder* 150,161
5 Andersen son of Anders 149,643
6 Christensen son of Christen* 111,816
7 Larsen son of Lars 107,721
8 Sørensen son of Søren 102,848
9 Rasmussen son of Rasmus 88,351
10 Jørgensen son of Jørgen 82,285
11 Petersen son of Peter* 72,757
12 Madsen son of Mads 60,676
13 Kristensen son of Kristen* 57,758
14 Olsen son of Ole 44,629
15 Thomsen son of Thomas 38,244
16 Christiansen son of Christian* 35,143
17 Poulsen son of Poul 30,545
18 Johansen son of Johan/Johannes* 29,866
19 Møller Miller 29,481
20 Mortensen son of Morten 28,124

Faroe Islands

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The 20 most common surnames in the Faroe Islands as published in 2017 are shown below beside the number of people of the Faroese population sharing each surname.[17]

Rank Surname Number of individuals
1 Joensen 2,372
2 Hansen 2,181
3 Jacobsen 2,051
4 Olsen 1,670
5 Petersen 1,298
6 Poulsen 1,257
7 Johannesen 973
8 Thomsen 719
9 Nielsen 647
10 Rasmussen 539
11 Djurhuus 537
12 Johansen 535
13 Simonsen 526
14 Danielsen 524
15 Jensen 492
16 Mortensen 471
17 Højgaard 462
18 Mikkelsen 432
19 Sørensen 420
20 Dam 418

Estonia

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Data from 2008.[18]

Names of Estonian origin:

Rank # Surname Meaning
1 5,241 Tamm oak
2 4,352 Saar island/ash (tree)
3 3,624 Sepp smith
4 3,613 Mägi hill, mountain
5 2,847 Kask birch
6 2,728 Kukk rooster
7 2,265 Rebane fox
8 2,165 Ilves lynx
9 1,933 Pärn linden tree
10 1,882 Koppel paddock

Names of Russian origin:

Rank # Surname
1 6,789 Ivanov
2 3,402 Smirnov
3 3,153 Vassiljev
4 2,932 Petrov
5 2,339 Kuznetsov
6 2,265 Karpin
7 1,968 Mihhailov
8 1,927 Pavlov
9 1,909 Semjonov
10 1,862 Andrejev
11 1,845 Aleksejev

Finland

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Rank Surname Meaning Population Percentage[19]
1 Korhonen Uncertain meaning; see article 23,312 0.425
2 Virtanen virta 'stream' 23,020 0.420
3 Mäkinen mäki 'hill' 21,014 0.383
4 Nieminen niemi 'cape' 20,969 0.382
5 Mäkelä hill place 19,538 0.356
6 Hämäläinen Tavastian, comes from Tavastia 19,129 0.349
7 Laine wave 18,752 0.342
8 Heikkinen first name Heikki, "Henry", "Henrik" 17,926 0.327
9 Koskinen koski 'rapids' 17,737 0.324
10 Järvinen järvi 'lake' 16,802 0.306
11 Lehtonen lehto 'grove' 16,649 0.304
12 Lehtinen lehti 'leaf' 15,602 0.285
13 Saarinen saari 'island' 15,295 0.279
14 Salminen salmi 'strait' 15,087 0.275
15 Heinonen heinä 'hay' 14,957 0.273
16 Niemi cape 14,951 0.273
17 Heikkilä first name Heikki, "Henry", "Henrik" 14,558 0.266
18 Kinnunen from the Swedish skinnare 'skinner' 14,319 0.261
19 Salonen salo 'backwoods' 14,270 0.260
20 Turunen turku 'market, selling place', nowadays only the name of a city (Turku) 13,802 0.252
21 Salo backwoods 13,487 0.246
22 Laitinen laita 'side, margin' 13,085 0.239
23 Tuominen tuomi 'bird cherry' 12,852 0.234
24 Rantanen ranta 'shore, beach' 12,834 0.234
25 Karjalainen Karelian, comes from Karelia 12,830 0.234
26 Jokinen joki 'river' 12,514 0.228
27 Mattila first name Matti, "Matt", "Mathew", -la, place suffix 12,330 0.225
28 Savolainen Savonian, comes from Savonia 11,592 0.211
29 Lahtinen lahti 'bay' 11,470 0.209
30 Ahonen aho 'meadow' 11,238 0.205

Most of the names on this list are typical examples of surnames that were adopted when modern surnames were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the romantic spirit, they refer to natural features: virta 'river', koski 'rapids', mäki 'hill', järvi 'lake', saari 'island' — often with the suffix -nen added after the model of older, mainly eastern Finnish surnames such as Korhonen and Heikkinen. Hämäläinen literally means 'an inhabitant of Häme'. The suffix -nen is an adjective ending.

Most common Swedish surnames in Finland

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See also: Swedish language
Rank Surname Population Percentage[19]
1 Johansson 8,679 0.158
2 Nyman 7,552 0.138
3 Lindholm 7,382 0.135
4 Karlsson 7,096 0.129
5 Andersson 6,403 0.117

France

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Rank[20] # Surname Meaning
1 235,846 Martin
2 105,132 Bernard
3 95,998 Dubois woods dweller
4 95,387 Thomas
5 91,393 Robert
6 90,689 Richard
7 88,318 Petit short
8 84,252 Durand strong, resilient
9 78,868 Leroy the king
10 78,177 Moreau brown; like the Moors
11 76,655 Simon
12 75,307 Laurent
13 74,564 Lefebvre blacksmith
14 74,318 Michel
15 68,720 Garcia
16 61,762 David
17 59,817 Bertrand
18 59,440 Roux redhead
19 57,351 Vincent
20 57,047 Fournier baker
21 56,760 Morel brown; like the Moors
22 55,642 Girard
23 55,228 André
24 53,670 Lefèvre smith
25 53,622 Mercier textile trader
26 53,405 Dupont bridge dweller
27 51,543 Lambert
28 50,999 Bonnet good-mannered
29 50,612 François
30 49,762 Martinez son of Martín

Georgia

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Main article: List of Georgian surnames
Rank Surname Romanization Total Number[21]
(2018)
1 ბერიძე Beridze 29,173
2 მამედოვი Mamedovi 28,358
3 ალიევი Alievi 19,327
4 კაპანაძე Kapanadze 19,257
5 გელაშვილი Gelashvili 18,310
6 მაისურაძე Maisuradze 16,198
7 გიორგაძე Giorgadze 14,162
8 ლომიძე Lomidze 13,062
9 წიკლაური Tsiklauri 13,019
10 ბოლქვაძე Bolkvadze 12,824

Germany

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Main article: List of the most common surnames in Germany
Rank[22] Surname Meaning Percentage[23]
1 Müller miller 0.95[24]
2 Schmidt smith 0.69[25]
3 Schneider tailor 0.40
4 Fischer fisher 0.35
5 Meyer 'mayor' (originally estate administrator, later farmer) 0.33[26]
6 Weber weaver 0.30
7 Wagner wainwright (worn-down form of wagoner) 0.27
8 Schulz Schultheiß (village headman or constable / sheriff) 0.27
9 Becker baker 0.27
10 Hoffmann 'man of the court/farm' (courtier/steward, later farmer) 0.26

Greece

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See also: Greek name

The majority of Greek names are patronymic. There are also several names derived from professions (Samaras, Σαμαράς 'saddle maker', Papoutsis, Παπουτσής 'shoe maker'), area of (former) residence (Kritikos, Κρητικός 'from Crete', Aivaliotis, Αϊβαλιώτης 'from Ayvalık'), nicknames relating to physical or other characteristics (Kontos, Κοντός 'short', Mytaras, Μυταράς 'large-nosed', Koufos, Κουφός 'deaf') and more.

The patronymic suffix varies between dialects; thus Giannidis, Giannakos, Giannatos, Giannopoulos, Giannelis, Giannioglou all mean 'son of Giannis'.[27]

Rank Surname Transliteration Meaning
* Σαμαράς Samaras saddle maker
* Παπουτσής Papoutsis shoe maker
* Κρητικός Kritikos from Crete
* Αϊβαλιώτης Aivaliotis from Ayvalık
* Κοντός Kontos short
* Μυταράς Mytaras large-nosed
* Κουφός Koufos deaf

Hungary

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As of 2011, 2,095,788 individuals (21% of the population) bear the most common 20 names, and 3,347,493 individuals (33.5%) bearing the top 100 names.[28][29] 25 most common surnames in Hungary as of January 2019:[30][29]

Rank Population Surname Meaning
1 227,671 Nagy big/large/great
2 210,213 Kovács smith (occupational name)
3 205,582 Tóth Slovak (Slovenian, Slav)
4 203,126 Szabó tailor (occupational name)
5 197,153 Horváth Croat
6 133,959 Varga leatherworker (occupational name)
7 126,587 Kiss little/small
8 103,865 Molnár miller (occupational name)
9 88,150 Németh German
10 82,193 Farkas wolf
11 81,938 Balogh left-handed
12 50,959 Papp priest (occupational name)
13 50,172 Lakatos locksmith (occupational name)
14 49,761 Takács weaver (occupational name)
15 49,197 Juhász shepherd (occupational name)
16 38,428 Mészáros butcher (occupational name)
17 38,385 Oláh Vlach (Romanian)
18 36,810 Simon Simon
19 35,116 Rácz Serb (South Slavic)
20 33,237 Fekete black
21 31,554 Szilágyi hailing from Szilágyság
22 25,963 Török Turkish
23 25,685 Fehér white
24 25,294 Balázs Blaise
25 24,672 Gál Gallic (uncertain)

Iceland

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While the vast majority of Icelanders do not use regular surnames but rather patronyms or matronyms, around 4% of Icelanders have proper surnames. See also Icelandic names.

The 20 most common surnames in the Iceland as published in 2017 are shown below beside the number of people of the Icelandic population sharing each surname.[31]

Rank Surname Number of individuals
1 Blöndal 324
2 Thorarensen 293
3 Hansen 282
4 Olsen 224
5 Andersen 206
Petersen
7 Möller 198
8 Nielsen 180
9 Waage 171
10 Bergmann 158
11 Briem 156
12 Thorlacius 155
13 Jensen 146
14 Hjaltalín 137
15 Scheving 135
16 Petersen 126
17 Kvaran 123
Fjeldsted
19 Norðdahl 113
20 Berndsen 105

Ireland

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See also: Irish name

The prevalence of some of these names is the result of more than one distinct Irish language names being represented by the same anglicised version.

# Surname Modern Irish Original Irish Meaning
1 Murphy Ó Murchú/Mac Murchú Ó Murchadha
Mac Murchaidh		 Son or Descendant of Murchadh (a personal name meaning 'sea hound/warrior')[32]
2 Kelly Mac ceallaigh/Ó Ceallaigh son or Descendant of Ceallach ('strife')[33]
3 (O')Sullivan Ó Súilleabháin Descendant of Súilleabhán ('dark-eyed one', 'one-eyed' or 'hawk-eyed')
4 Walsh Breathnach Breatnach 'Breton', 'Welshman'
5 Smith Mac Gabhann Son of a smith
6 O'Brien Ó Briain Descendant of Brian
7 (O')Byrne Ó Broin Descendant of Bran
8 (O')Ryan Ó Riain Ó Riain
Ó Maoilriain
Ó Ruaidhín		 Descendant of Rian (possibly meaning 'king')
Descendant of Maoilriaghan ('bald king')
Descendant of Ruaidhín ('little red-haired one')
9 O'Connor Ó Conchúir Ó Conchobhair Descendant of Conchobhar ('hound/chief assistance')
10 O'Neill Ó Néill Descendant of Niall (possibly meaning 'cloud', 'passionate' or 'champion')
11 (O')Reilly Ó Raghallaigh Descendant of Raghallach
12 Doyle Ó Dubhghaill Descendant of Dubhghall ('dark-haired foreigner')
13 McCarthy Mac Cárthaigh Son of Cárthach ('loving')
14 (O')Gallagher Ó Gallchóir Ó Gallchobhair Descendant of Gallchobhar ('foreign assistance')
15 (O')Doherty Ó Dochartaigh Descendant of Dochartach ('hurtful')
16 Kennedy Ó Cinnéide Ó Ceannéidigh or Mac Ceannéidigh Descendant of Cinnéide ('adorned head')[34]
17 Lynch Ó Loingsigh Descendant of Loingseach ('longboat')
18 Murray Ó Muireadhaigh Mac Muireadhaigh
Mac Giolla Mhuire		 Descendant of Muireadhach ('chieftain')
Descendant of a servant of Mary
19 (O')Quinn Ó Cuinn/Coinne/Mac Cuinn Descendant of Conn ('hound/chief')[35]
20 (O')Moore Ó Mórdha Descendant of Mórdha ('majestic')

Names starting with O' and Mac/Mc were originally patronymic. Of the names above, with the exception of Smith and Walsh, all originally began with O' or Mac/Mc but many have lost this prefix over time. Mac/Mc, meaning Son, and Ó, meaning Little (or Descendant), are used by sons born into the family. In the case of a daughter being born into the family she would use Ní/Nic, for example Ó Muireadhaigh becomes Ní Mhuireadhaigh. A woman who marries into the family and takes her husband's name uses Uí/Mic- e.g. Uí Mhuireadhaigh.[36][37]

Italy

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See also: Italian name

From Mappa dei Cognomi website.[38]

Rank[39] Surname Frequency Meaning
1 Rossi 60,487 red (Northern and Central Italy)
2 Russo 42,877 red (Southern Italy)
3 Ferrari 33,707 blacksmith
4 Esposito 31,980 exposed (abandoned child; orphan)
5 Bianchi 25,121 white
6 Romano 24,062 Roman
7 Colombo 23,484 dove (abandoned child)
8 Bruno 20,509 brown
9 Ricci 19,879 curly
10 Greco 18,225 Greek
11 Marino 17,939 marine, seaman
12 Gallo 17,622 French
13 De Luca 17,438 son of Luke
14 Conti 17,173 Count
15 Costa 16,875 coast
16 Mancini 16,784 left-handed
17 Giordano 16,636 Jordan
18 Rizzo 16,394 curly
19 Lombardi 15,220 Lombard
20 Barbieri 14,304 barber
21 Moretti 14,255 brown (diminutive form)
22 Fontana 14,214 fountain
23 Caruso 13,756 boy, apprentice
24 Mariani 13,652 Marian
25 Ferrara 13,236 blacksmith
26 Santoro 13,141 Sanctorum omnium (all saints' day)
27 Rinaldi 12,861 Reynold
28 Leone 12,661 lion
29 D'Angelo 12,620 son of Angelo
30 Longo 12,273 long
31 Galli 12,240 French
32 Martini 12,090 Martin
33 Martinelli 11,819 Martin (diminutive)
34 Serra 11,484 saw (carpenter)
35 Conte 11,347 Count
36 Vitale 11,266 Vitale (given name)
37 De Santis 11,208 of the saints
38 Marchetti 11,115 little Marco
39 Messina 11,113
40 Gentile 11,019 gentle
41 Villa 11,011 dwelling
42 Marini 10,875 seafarer
43 Lombardo 10,803 Lombard
44 Coppola 10,783 beret
45 Ferri 10,679 iron's
46 Parisi 10,675 from Paros
47 De Angelis 10,509 of the angels
48 Bianco 10,467 white
49 Amato 10,449 beloved
50 Fabbri 10,330 blacksmith
51 Gatti 10,303 cats
52 Sala 10,283 Sala
53 Morelli 10,181
54 Grasso 10,076 fat
55 Pellegrini 10,027 pilgrims
56 Ferraro 10,020 blacksmith
57 Monti 10,007 mountains
58 Palumbo 9,775 pigeon
59 Grassi 9,749 fat
60 Testa 9,728 head
61 Valentini 9,435 valiant, bold
62 Carbone 9,293 coal
63 Benedetti 9,258 blessed/son of Benedict
64 Silvestri 9,250 son of Sylvester
65 Farina 9,168 flour (occupational surname)
66 D'Amico 9,125 son of Amico
67 Martino 8,877 Martin
68 Bernardi 8,849 Barnard
69 Caputo 8,826 big headed
70 Mazza 8,756 toolmaker, smith
71 Sanna 8,740 Fang (Sardinian)[40]
72 Fiore 8,734 flower
73 De Rosa 8,727 from the rose
74 Pellegrino 8,678 pilgrim
75 Giuliani 8,647 son of Julian
76 Rizzi 8,594 curly
77 Di Stefano 8,521 son of Steven
78 Cattaneo 8,479 captain
79 Rossetti 8,454 red one
80 Orlando 8,423 Roland
81 Basile 8,368 Basil
82 Neri 8,358 black
83 Barone 8,344 Baron
84 Palmieri 8,297 Palmer
85 Riva 8,203 shore
86 Romeo 8,074 Roman
87 Franco 8,047 Frank
88 Sorrentino 8,017 from Sorrento
89 Pagano 8,007 pagan
90 D'Agostino 7,904 Son of Augustin
91 Piras 7,889 pear tree (Sardinia)
92 Ruggiero 7,812 Rodger
93 Montanari 7,795 highlander
94 Battaglia 7,713 battle
95 Bellini 7,690 little beautiful one
96 Castelli 7,671 castles
97 Guerra 7,572 war
98 Poli 7,538
99 Valente 7,493 valiant, bold
100 Ferretti 7,489 smith

Kazakhstan

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Provided here is a list of the 33 most common surnames in Kazakhstan according to the Ministry of Justice of Kazakhstan as of 2014.[41]

Rank Cyrillic script Latin script Language (and meaning) Occurrence
1 Ахметов Ahmetov Kazakh, "son of Ahmet" 73,627
2 Омаров Omarov Kazakh, "son of Omar" 45,123
3 Ким Kim Korean 42,274
4 Оспанов Ospanov Kazakh 41,068
5 Иванов Ivanov Russian, "son of Ivan" 39,296
6 Алиев Aliev Kazakh, "son of Ali" 36,084
7 Сулейменов Suleimenov Kazakh, "son of Suleimen" 33,940
8 Искаков Iskakov Kazakh 31,988
9 Абдрахманов Abdrahmanov Kazakh, "son of Abdrahman" 29,091
10 Ибрагимов Ibragimov Kazakh, "son of Ibragim" 28,755
11 Калиев Kaliev Kazakh, "son of Kali" 28,219
12 Садыков Sadykov Kazakh, "son of Sadyk 27,810
13 Ибраев Ibraev Kazakh 26,531
14 Кузнецов Kuznetsov Russian, "son of a blacksmith" 25,990
15 Попов Popov Russian, "son of a priest" 24,956
16 Смагулов Smagulov Kazakh 24,005
17 Абдуллаев Abdullaev Kazakh, "son of Abdulla" 23,729
18 Исаев Isaev Kazakh, "son of Isa" 22,910
19 Султанов Sultanov Kazakh, "son of Sultan" 22,808
22 Юсупов Iusupov Uzbek, "son of Yusup" 22,763
21 Исмаилов Ismailov Kazakh, "son of Ismail" 21,392
22 Нургалиев Nurgaliev Kazakh, "son of Nurgali" 21,133
23 Каримов Karimov Kazakh, "son of Karim" 20,575
24 Серік/Серик Serik Kazakh 19 550
25 Ли Li Korean 17,049
26 Цой Tsoi Korean 12,088
27 Амангельды Amangeldy Kazakh 15,125
28 Болат Bolat Kazakh 11,234
29 Бондаренко Bondarenko Ukrainian 10,648
30 Марат Marat Kazakh, "Murad" 10,417
31 Серікбай/Серикбай Serıkbay/Serikbay Kazakh 10,193
32 Мурат Murat Kazakh, "Murad" 10,106
33 Кусаинов Kusainov Kazakh, "son of Kusain" 10,103

Kosovo

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These statistics are based on the Kosovo Agency of Statistics report on names and surnames in Kosovo, which took place in 2017.[42]

Rank Surname Number of individuals
1 Krasniqi 58,199
2 Gashi 57,396
3 Berisha 43,727
4 Morina 27,222
5 Shala 25,585
6 Bytyqi 18,840
7 Hasani 13,187
8 Kastrati 13,015
9 Kryeziu 12,882
10 Hoti 12,709

Latvia

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Latvian surnames
Rank[43][44] Surname Meaning
1 Bērziņš birch (diminutive)
2 Kalniņš hill (diminutive)
3 Ozoliņš oak (diminutive)
4 Jansons son of Jānis (Germanized)
5 Ozols oak
6 Liepiņš linden (diminutive)
7 Krūmiņš bush (diminutive)
8 Balodis pigeon
9 Eglītis fir (diminutive)
10 Zariņš branch (diminutive)
11 Pētersons son of Pēteris (Germanized)
12 Vītols willow
13 Kļaviņš maple (diminutive)
14 Kārkliņš willow (diminutive form of Kārkls)
15 Vanags hawk

Lithuania

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Lithuania, 2015[45]
Rank Male Female[note 1] Meaning
1 Kazlauskas Kazlauskienė equivalent of Polish Kozłowski from kozioł 'billy goat', certainly from before Christianity.
2 Jankauskas Jankauskienė from Jankowski from Janek from Jan in Polish, the apostle John.
3 Petrauskas Petrauskienė of Peter or Piotr in Polish
4 Stankevičius Stankevičienė from Polish Stanisławski from Stanisław 'state of glory'
5 Vasiliauskas Vasiliauskienė of Vasil from Greek Basileus 'royal, kingly' reference to Christ, the king of heaven.
6 Butkus Butkienė from Polish Budzisław 'awakening glory'
7 Žukauskas Žukauskienė from Polish Żukowski from żuk 'beetle', also taken from before Christianity.
8 Paulauskas Paulauskienė of the apostle Paul
9 Urbonas Urbonienė from Latin urbanus 'from the city' meaning 'connected to Rome and Christianity'.
10 Kavaliauskas Kavaliauskienė from Polish Kowalski from Kowal 'blacksmith'

Luxembourg

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Out of 236,000 entries in the EDITUS phone book:

Rank[46] # Surname Meaning
1 1929 Schmit smith
2 1473 Muller miller
3 1380 Weber weaver
4 1335 Hoffmann farmer
5 1300 Wagner wain maker
6 1027 Thill
7 939 Schmitz smith's
8 793 Schroeder
9 712 Reuter
10 706 Klein little
11 674 Becker baker
12 660 Kieffer pine wood
13 650 Kremer chapman
14 610 Faber Latin faber 'smith'
15 556 Meyer
16 550 Schneider tailor
17 543 Weiss white
18 538 Schiltz shield's
19 537 Simon Simon
20 533 Welter Walter
21 504 Hansen little John
22 496 Majerus
23 467 Ries Reeds
24 459 Meyers
25 451 Kayser emperor
26 441 Steffen Steven
27 438 Krier
28 421 Braun brown
29 411 Wagener wain maker
30 405 Diederich from first name D.

Malta

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Rank[47] % # Surname
1 3.3 13,610 Borg
2 3.1 13,090 Camilleri
3 2.9 12,192 Vella
4 2.9 11,953 Farrugia
5 2.3 9,769 Zammit
6 2.1 8,767 Galea
7 2.1 8,677 Micallef
8 2.0 8,178 Grech
9 1.8 7,680 Attard
10 1.8 7,316 Spiteri

Moldova

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Rank Surname Meaning Total number of families[48]
1 Rusu from Rus 23,028
2 Ceban shepherd 20,929
3 Ciobanu shepherd 17,167
4 Țurcan (archaic) farmer 16,984
5 Cebotari shoemaker 15,464
6 Sîrbu Serb 14,171
7 Lungu long, tall 14,090
8 Munteanu from the mountain 13,904
9 Rotari from roată 'wheel' 13,511
10 Popa priest 12,923
11 Ursu bear 11,456
12 Guțu dove 11,433
13 Roșca red-haired, ginger 11,194
14 Melnic miller 10,632
15 Cojocari coat crafter 10,526

Montenegro

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Rank Surname Meaning[49]
1 Popović son of a priest
2 Marković son of Marko
3 Vujović son of Vujo
4 Radović son of Rado
5 Ivanović son of Ivan
6 Radulović son of Radul or Radule
7 Jovanović son of Jovan
8 Perović son of Pero
9 Vuković Son of Vuk (Vuk means wolf)
10 Kovačević Son of a blacksmith

Netherlands

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See also: Dutch name and List of Dutch family names

The most recent complete count of surnames in the Netherlands is based on the September 2007 county registrations.

Rank Surname Number in
2007 		Percent Number in
1947 		English equivalent (or meaning)
1 De Jong 86,534 0.53% 55,256 the young
2 Jansen 75,699 0.46% 49,213 Johnson
3 De Vries 73,157 0.45% 49,298 the Frisian
4 Van den Berg * 60,130 0.37% 37,678 of (from) the mountain
5 Van Dijk, Van Dyk 57,944 0.35% 36,578 of (from) dike
6 Bakker 56,864 0.35% 37,483 Baker
7 Janssen 55,394 0.34% 32,824 Johnson
8 Visser 50,929 0.31% 34,721 Fisher
9 Smit 43,493 0.27% 29,783 Smith
10 Meijer, Meyer 41,497 0.25% 28,256 Mayor (local official such as bailiff or steward)
11 De Boer 39,576 0.24% 25,662 the farmer
12 Mulder 37,250 0.23% 24,665 Miller
13 De Groot 37,221 0.23% 24,724 The Great
14 Bos 36,478 0.22% 23,790 Bush (literally); woods/forest
15 Vos 31,154 0.19% 19,461 Fox
16 Peters 30,864 0.19% 18,583 Peters
17 Hendriks 30,199 0.18% 18,538 Henderson
18 Van Leeuwen 28,774 0.18% 17,754 of (from) Leeuwen; likely also from other places
19 Dekker 28,682 0.17% 18,782 Thatcher
20 Brouwer 26,224 0.16% 17,468 Brewer
21 De Wit 24,904 0.15% 15,156 the white
22 Dijkstra 24,175 0.15% 15,647 a (from the) dike
23 Smits 23,816 0.15% 15,151 Smith
24 De Graaf 21,699 0.13% 13,718 The reeve (local official, e.g. bailiff); literally: the count
25 Van der Meer 21,354 0.13% 13,011 of (from) the lake

When closely related names are combined, the top 15 are:

Rank Surname Number of
people
1 Jansen, Janssen, Janse 135,003
2 de Jong, de Jonge, de Jongh, Jong 108,240
3 Smit, Smits, Smid, de Smit, Smet, Smith 76,604
4 de Vries, Vries, de Vriese 74,058
5 vd Berg, vd Bergh, vd Berge, vd Bergen* 69,080
6 Visser, Visscher, Vissers, de Visser 68,952
7 van Dijk, van Dyk, Dijk, van Dijck 64,070
8 Bakker, Bekker, de Bakker, Backer 62,183
9 de Boer, Boer, den Boer, van de Boer 57,072
10 Mulder, Muller, Müller, Mulders, de Mulder 52,394
11 Peters, Peeters, Pieters, Peterse, Peter 52,389
12 vd Veen, vd Ven, van Veen, van 't Veen * 49,935
13 Bos, Bosch, de Bos 47,995
14 Meijer, Meyer, Meijers 47,761
15 de Groot, Groot, de Groote 47,511

* "vd" is an abbreviation which stands for all variants of "van de", "van den", or "van der"

Source: Nederlands Repertorium van Familienamen, Meertens-Instituut, 1963–2009. Data can be viewed in the Corpus of Family Names in the Netherlands See specifically De top 100 van de familienamen in Nederland (Dutch)

Names ending in -stra or -ma are usually of Frisian origin. For example, Terpstra, Bijlsma, Halsema.

Names ending in -ink or -ing are usually of Low Saxon origin. For example, Hiddink, Meyerink, Mentink.

North Macedonia

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The most recent complete count of surnames is based on end of year 2022 State Statistical Office.[50]

Rank # Surname Versions Meaning
1 31,670 Stojanovski Stojanoski, Stojanov, Stojanovska, Stojanoska, Stojanova, Stojanović patronymic; descendant of Stojan (Stoyan)
2 27,285 Jovanovski Jovanoski, Jovanov, Jovanovska, Jovanoska, Jovanova, Jovanović patronymic; descendant of Jovan (John in Macedonian)
3 26,918 Nikolovski Nikoloski, Nikolov, Nikolovska, Nikoloska, Nikolova, Nikolić patronymic; descendant of Nikola
4 25,101 Ristovski Ristoski, Ristov, Ristevski, Risteski, Ristovska, Ristoska, Ristova, Ristevska, Risteska, Ristić patronymic; descendant of Risto or Riste (Christ in Macedonian)
5 18,307 Petrovski Petroski, Petrov, Petrevski, Petreski, Petrovska, Petroska, Petrova, Petrevska, Petrova, Petrović patronymic; descendant of Petar or Petre (Peter in Macedonian)
6 17,476 Bajrami Bajram, Bajramovski, Bajramoski, Bajramov, Bajramovska, Bajramoska, Bajramova, Bajramović patronymic; descendant of Bajram
7 15,640 Ivanovski Ivanoski, Ivanov, Ivanovska, Ivanoska, Ivanova, Ivanović patronymic; descendant of Ivan
8 13,705 Osmani Osman, Osmanli, Osmanovski, Osmanoski, Osmanov, Osmanovska, Osmanoska, Osmanova, Osmanović patronymic; descendant of Osman ("wise", in Ottoman Turkish)
9 12,578 Ademi Adem, Ademovski, Ademoski, Ademov, Ademovska, Ademoska, Ademova, Ademić patronymic; descendant of Adem (Adam in Ottoman Turkish)
10 12,367 Shabani Shaban, Shabanovski, Shabanoski, Shabanov, Shabanovska, Shabanoska, Shabanova patronymic; descendant of Shaban (name of the eight month in the Islamic Calendar)

Macedonian surnames inflect through grammatical cases (in this case, gender). It is common for male surnames to end in -ski and -ov, while female ones end in -ska and -va.

Norway

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Rank[51] # Surname Meaning
1 53,011 Hansen patronymic; son of Hans
2 50,088 Johansen patronymic; son of Johan or Johannes
3 49,303 Olsen patronymic; son of Olav, Ole, Olaf or Ola
4 37,869 Larsen patronymic; son of Lars, Lauritz or Laurits
5 37,206 Andersen patronymic; son of Anders (or Andres)
6 35,402 Pedersen patronymic; son of Peder, (Petter, Peter or Per)
7 34,941 Nilsen patronymic; son of Nils (or Niels)
8 23,595 Kristiansen patronymic; son of Kristian (or Christian)
9 23,079 Jensen patronymic; son of Jens
10 21,330 Karlsen patronymic; son of Karl (or Carl)
11 20,755 Johnsen patronymic; son of John (or Jon)
12 20,226 Pettersen patronymic; son of Petter, (Peter, Peder or Per)
13 19,241 Eriksen patronymic; son of Erik, (Eirik or Erich)
14 18,133 Berg farm name; a mountain
15 14,392 Haugen farm name; the Hill
16 14,126 Hagen farm name; the garden
17 13,387 Johannessen patronymic; son of Johannes (or Johan)
18 12,139 Andreassen patronymic; son of Andreas
19 11,925 Jacobsen patronymic; son of Jacob (or Jakob)
20 11,540 Dahl farm name; a valley
21 11,481 Jørgensen patronymic; son of Jørgen
22 11,477 Halvorsen patronymic; son of Halvor (or Hallvard)
23 11,364 Henriksen patronymic; son of Henrik (or Henrich)
24 11,282 Lund farm name; a grove

Poland

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Rank Surname Meaning Numbers[52]
1 Nowak newman 207,348
2 Kowalski from kowal 'smith' 140,471
3 Wiśniewski from wiśnia 'cherry' 111,174
4 Wójcik from wójt, a noun describing chief officer of a municipality (gmina),
or from a popular name Wojciech; from the word wojak' 'warrior'		 100,064
5 Kowalczyk from kowal 'smith', literally 'smith's son' 98,739
6 Kamiński from kamień 'stone' 95,816
7 Lewandowski from lawenda 'lavender' 93,404
8 Zieliński from zielony 'green'; from zioło, ziele 'herb' 91,522
9 Szymański from Szymon, equivalent to Simon or Polish for German Schuhmann 'shoemaker' 89,698
10 Woźniak from woźny, 'usher' 89,015
11 Dąbrowski from dąbrowa 'oak grove' 87,304
12 Kozłowski from kozioł 'goat' 76,657
13 Jankowski from Janek, a diminutive of John 69,280
14 Mazur Masurian 68,090
15 Kwiatkowski from kwiatek 'flower (dim.)' 66,917
16 Wojciechowski from the name Wojciech; from the word wojak 'warrior' 66,879
17 Krawczyk from krawiec 'tailor', 'tailor's son' 64,543
18 Kaczmarek from karczmarz 'innkeeper' 62,399
19 Piotrowski from Piotr (Peter) 61,844
20 Grabowski from grab 'hornbeam' or grabarz 'gravedigger' 59,052

Polish names which end with -ski or -cki or -dzki have both male and female forms – Kamiński/Kamińska, Wielicki/Wielicka, Zawadzki/Zawadzka etc. This needs to be considered when taking a count by, for instance, scanning a telephone book. Historically, -ski, -cki and -dzki, cognate with English -ish and French -esque, was a particle of nobility, like German von.

See also: Polish name

Portugal

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The 50 most frequent surnames in Portugal are listed below.[53][54][55] A number of these surnames may be preceded by of/from (de, d') or of the/from the (do, da, dos, das) as in de Sousa, da Costa, d'Oliveira. Those elements are not part of the surname and are not considered in an alphabetical order.

Order Surname Meaning Frequency
% 		Origin
1 Silva toponymic; woodland 9.44% Latin silva
2 Santos saints 5.96% Latin sanctus
3 Ferreira blacksmith 5.25% Latin ferrarius
4 Pereira pear tree 4.88% Latin pirus
5 Oliveira olive tree 3.71% Latin oliva
6 Costa toponymic; '[from the] coast' 3.68% Latin costa
7 Rodrigues patronymic; 'son of Rodrigo' 3.57% Germanic Roderich
8 Martins patronymic; 'son of Martim' 3.23% Latin Martinus
9 Jesus 'Jesus' 2.99% Latin Iesus < Hebrew Yeshua
10 Sousa toponymic; '[from] Sousa' 2.95% Latin saxa
11 Fernandes patronymic; 'son of Fernando' 2.82% Germanic Ferdinand
12 Gonçalves patronymic; 'son of Gonçalo' 2.76% Germanic Gundisalv
13 Gomes patronymic; 'son of Gome', 'Gomo' 2.57% Germanic guma
14 Lopes patronymic; 'son of Lopo' 2.52% Latin lupus
15 Marques patronymic; 'son of Marco' 2.51% Latin Marcus
16 Alves patronymic; 'son of Álvaro' 2.37% Germanic alfhari, alfarr
17 Almeida toponymic 2.27% Arabic al majid
18 Ribeiro toponymic; 'brook' 2.27% Latin riparius
19 Pinto painted or spotted 2.09% Latin pictus
20 Carvalho oak 1.97% Celtic cassos, cassanos
21 Teixeira toponymic; 'yew' 1.69% Latin taxus
22 Moreira toponymic; 'mulberry' 1.54% Latin mora
23 Correia belt 1.53% Celtic (Latinised) korriį
24 Mendes patronymic; 'son of Mendo' 1.39% Germanic Hermengild
25 Nunes patronymic; 'son of Nuno' 1.32% Latin nonus, nunnus
26 Soares patronymic; 'son of Soeiro' 1.28% Germanic (Latinised) Suarius
27 Vieira scallop 1.2% Latin veneria
28 Monteiro toponymic; '[from the] mountain' 1.11% Latin mons
29 Cardoso toponymic; 'thistle' 1.07% Latin carduus
30 Rocha toponymic; 'rock' 1.04% Celtic (Latinised) roc'h
31 Neves snows, devotion to
(Our Lady of the Snows) 		0.98% Latin nigvem
32 Coelho rabbit 0.97% Celtiberian cunicos
33 Cruz cross (of Jesus) 0.94% Latin crux
34 Cunha wedge 0.93% Latin cuneus
35 Pires patronymic; son of Pero 0.92% Greek Πετρος (Petros)
36 Duarte patronymic; 'keeper of riches' 0.86% Germanic Edward
37 Reis devotion to the
Three Kings 		0.85% Latin rex
38 Simões patronymic; 'son of Simão' 0.85% Greek Σιμων (Simon)
39 Antunes patronymic; 'son of António' 0.82% Etruscan Antonius
40 Matos toponymic; 'bush' 0.82% Late Latin matta
41 Fonseca toponymic; 'dry fountain' 0.81% Latin fons siccus
42 Machado axe 0.76% Latin marculatum
43 Araújo patronymic 0.69% Germanic ruderic
44 Barbosa beard 0.69% Latin barba
45 Tavares toponymic 0.67% Latin Talavaris
46 Lourenço Laurentius, related to laurels 0.65% Latin Laurentum
47 Castro toponymic; 'castle, fortress' 0.62% Latin castrum
48 Figueiredo toponymic; 'fig' 0.62% Latin fīcus
49 Azevedo toponymic; 'holly' 0.60% Latin aquifolium
50 Freitas toponymic; 'hillside' 0.60% Latin fracta

Romania

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Rank[56] Surname Pronunciation Meaning
1 Popa [ˈpopa] priest
2 Popescu [poˈpesku] lit. son of a priest
3 Pop [pop] short form of Popa
4 Radu [ˈradu]
5 Dumitru [duˈmitru]
6 Stan [stan] shortened form of Stanislav
7 Stoica [ˈstojka]
8 Gheorghe [ˈɡe̯orɡe] form of George
9 Matei [maˈtej] Romanian form of Matthew
10 Ciobanu [t͡ʃjoˈbanu] shepherd
11 Ionescu [ioˈnesku] lit. Johnson from Ion, Romanian form of John
12 Rusu [rusu] Russian

Russia

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See also: Eastern Slavic naming customs
See also: Список общерусских фамилий (in Russian Wikipedia)

The most common surnames in Russia, as calculated by Yumaguzin and Vinnik (2019):[57]

Rank Surname Transliteration Meaning Percentage[57]
1 Ивано́в/Ивано́ва Ivanov/Ivanova descendant of Ivan (John) 0.64275
2 Кузнецо́в/Кузнецо́ва Kuznetsov/Kuznetsova smith's 0.35634
3 Смирно́в/Смирно́ва Smirnov/Smirnova descendant of Smirnoy (meek one) 0.31630
4 Попо́в/Попо́ва Popov/Popova priest's descendant 0.31260
5 Петро́в/Петро́ва Petrov/Petrova descendant of Pyotr (Peter) 0.30807
6 Васи́льев/Васи́льева Vasilyev/Vasilyeva descendant of Vasily (Basil) 0.26549
7 Магоме́дов/Магоме́дова Magomedov/Magomedova descendant of Magomed (Muhammad) 0.23628
8 Али́ев/Али́ева Aliyev/Aliyeva descendant of Ali 0.22763
9 Кари́мов/Кари́мова Karimov/Karimova descendant of Karim 0.19051
10 Во́лков/Во́лкова Volkov/Volkova wolf's 0.18828
11 Семёнов/Семёнова Semyonov/Semyonova descendant of Semyon (Simon) 0.18682
12 Миха́йлов/Миха́йлова Mikhaylov/Mikhaylova descendant of Mikhail (Michael) 0.18355
13 Па́влов/Па́влова Pavlov/Pavlova descendant of Pavel (Paul) 0.18256
14 Козло́в/Козло́ва Kozlov/Kozlova he-goat's; metaphorically: bearded one 0.18177
15 Фёдоров/Фёдорова Fyodorov/Fyodorova descendant of Fyodor (Theodore) 0.17727
16 Но́виков/Но́викова Novikov/Novikova new man's/woman's; see novik for historical details 0.17388
17 Ибраги́мов/Ибраги́мова Ibragimov/Ibragimova descendant of Ibrahim 0.17150
18 Соколо́в/Соколо́ва Sokolov/Sokolova falcon's 0.17071
19 Моро́зов/Моро́зова Morozov/Morozova frost's 0.16877
20 За́йцев/За́йцева Zaytsev/Zaytseva hare's 0.16217

Those Russian surnames that end with -ov/-ev or -in/-yn are originally patronymic or metronymic possessive adjectivals with the meaning 'son of' or 'daughter/wife of' (the feminine is formed with the -a ending – Smirnova, Ivanova, etc.). In older documents such surnames were written with the word syn 'son', for example, Ivánov syn 'John's son' or Il'yín syn 'Elijah's son'; the last word was later dropped. Such names are roughly equivalent to the English or Welsh surnames Richardson or Richards.

The Russian equivalent of 'Smith', 'Jones', and 'Brown' (that is, the generic most often used surnames) are Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov, or 'Johns', 'Peters', and 'Isidores', although Sidorov is now ranked only 66th.[58]

Serbia

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Rank[59] Surname Cyrillic script Meaning
1 Jovanović Јовановић son of Jovan (John)
2 Petrović Петровић son of Petar (Peter)
3 Nikolić Николић son of Nikola (Nicholas)
4 Marković Марковић son of Marko (Mark)
5 Đorđević Ђорђевић son of Đorđe (George)
6 Stojanović Стојановић son of Stojan (Stoyan)
7 Ilić Илић son of Ilija (Elijah)
8 Stanković Станковић son of Stanko (Stanislav)
9 Pavlović Павловић son of Pavle (Paul)
10 Milošević Милошевић son of Miloš (Miles)

Slovakia

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Rank[60][61] # Surname Meaning Origins
1 30,813 Horváth Croat Croatian through Hungarian
2 29,079 Kováč blacksmith Slavic, Indo-European
3 21,650 Varga leatherworker, cobbler Hungarian[29]
4 21,604 Tóth Slovak (Slav) Germanic through Hungarian[29][61]
5 19,341 Nagy large/tall Hungarian[29]
6 14,114 Baláž blessed Hungarian via Latin Blasius and Old Church Slavonic 'blessed', from Indo-European
7 13,998 Szabó tailor Hungarian[29]
8 12,632 Molnár Miller Slavic through Hungarian[29]
9 10,872 Balog left-handed Hungarian,[29] or from Slavic marsh, or both
10 9,718 Lukáč Luke Latin Lucas, Greek
11 9,712 Novák Newman Slavic, Indo-European
12 9,567 Kovács blacksmith Slavic through Hungarian
13 9,352 Polák Pole Slavic, Indo-European
14 8,777 Gajdoš bagpiper Slavic, Indo-European
15 8,699 Kollár wheeler Slavic, Indo-European
16 7,895 Hudák musician Slavic, Indo-European
17 7,491 Neméth German Slavic through Hungarian
18 7,472 Kováčik blacksmith Slavic, Indo-European
19 7,240 Oláh Vlach, Romanian Hungarian[29]
20 7,223 Oravec from the Orava region Slavic, Indo-European

Note: The most common surnames in Slovakia are a mixture of Indo-European and the Ugric roots reflecting the 900-year-long coexistence of the Indo-European Slovaks and speakers of other Indo-European languages with Ugric Hungarians and the Croatians, under Hungarian assimilation pressure throughout the 19th century (see Magyarization, see History of Slovakia). In 1910 Hungarians made up one-third of the population of the present-day territory of Slovakia.[62] Hungarians are currently an 8% minority[61] in Slovakia.[63] (see Demographics of Slovakia). While ethnic Hungarians are relatively few in Slovakia, their large presence on the list of most common names reflects the intra-lingual frequency of the frequent names in Hungary.

Slovenia

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Rank[64] # Surname Meaning
1 11,196 Novak new man; from a newly established farm
2 9,762 Horvat Croat
3 5,640 Kovačič son of a blacksmith
4 5,585 Krajnc from Carniola
5 5,019 Zupančič son of a farmer or the village elder
6 4,729 Potočnik near a stream
7 4,729 Kovač blacksmith
8 3,957 Mlakar near a puddle
9 3,905 Kos blackbird
10 3,885 Vidmar farmer belonging to the ruler's estate
11 3,855 Golob pigeon
12 3,506 Turk Turk
13 3,421 Božič Christmas
14 3,418 Kralj King
15 3,285 Korošec from Carinthia
16 3,256 Zupan mayor (originally, village elder)
17 3,209 Bizjak archaic term for refugee; usually applied to Slavic Christian families that had fled from the Ottoman Empire
18 3,136 Hribar from the hill
19 3,069 Kotnik from a remote area (literally, from a corner)
20 3,003 Kavčič weaver
21 2,992 Rozman
22 2,873 Kastelic from a castle
23 2,841 Oblak cloud
24 2,828 Žagar sawer
25 2,821 Petek Friday
26 2,808 Hočevar from Kočevje or from Gottschee County
27 2,807 Kolar
28 2,738 Košir
29 2,598 Koren
30 2,399 Klemenčič son of Klemen

Spain

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Main article: List of common Spanish surnames
Further information: Spanish naming customs

The top ten surnames cover about 20% of the population, with important geographical differences. The regional distribution of surnames within Spain was homogenized mostly through internal migrations, especially since 1950. Names typical of the old crown of Castile have become the most common all over the country. Most of the common Spanish patronymic surnames were introduced in Spain during the fifth to seventh centuries by the Visigoths.

Rank Surname # % Meaning
1 García 1,378,000 3.48 possibly meaning 'young' from Basque
2 Fernández 851,000 2.15 patronymic; son of Fernando, Fredenand, or Fridnand
3 González 839,000 2.12 patronymic; son of Gonzalo, from the Latinised form Gundisalvus
4 Rodríguez 804,000 2.03 patronymic; son of Rodrigo
5 López 796,000 2.01 patronymic; son of Lope, Latin Lupus 'wolf'
6 Martínez 788,000 1.97 patronymic; son of Martín, Latin Martis, genitive form of Mars
7 Sánchez 725,000 1.83 patronymic; son of Sancho, Latin Sanctius
8 Pérez 709,000 1.79 patronymic; son of Pedro, Latin Petrus
9 Martín 459,000 1.16 from Latin name Martinus, a derivation of Mars;[65] alternately, a Hispanicization of the Hebrew name Mordecai[66]
10 Gómez 440,000 1.11 patronymic; son of Gomes, Gomo, or Gomaro
11 Ruiz 321,000 0.81 patronymic; son of Rui, variation or short for Rodrigo
12 Hernández 305,000 0.77 patronymic; son of Hernando, variation of Fernando
13 Jiménez 293,000 0.74 patronymic; son of Jimeno, Xemeno, or Ximeno
14 Díaz 293,000 0.74 patronymic; son of Diego
15 Álvarez 273,000 0.69 patronymic; son of Álvaro, from Alvar
16 Moreno 261,000 0.66 brown-haired, tanned, brunet
17 Muñoz 241,000 0.61 patronymic; son of Munio or Muño
18 Alonso 206,000 0.52 variation of Alfonso
19 Gutiérrez 170,000 0.43 patronymic; son of Gutier, Gutierre, or Gualtierre
20 Romero 170,000 0.43 from Latin "romaeus" (lit. "roman") in the sense of 'pilgrim'
21 Navarro 158,400 0.40 Navarrese, (from Navarre)
22 Torres 134,600 0.34 toponymic; 'towers'
23 Domínguez 134,600 0.34 patronymic; 'son of Domingo', from Latin Domenicus, Dominus, 'master'
24 Gil 134,600 0.34 patronymic; from older form Egidio
25 Vázquez 130,000 0.33 patronymic; son of Vasco
26 Serrano 122,700 0.31 'highlander' or 'man from the mountain range'
27 Ramos 118,000 0.30 'branches'; meaning born during the Christian feast of Palm Sunday
28 Blanco 118,000 0.30 'white'
29 Sanz 106,900 0.27 patronymic; son of Sancho, from Latin Sanctius
30 Castro 102,900 0.26 toponymic; from Latin castrum meaning 'castle, fort, fortress'
31 Suárez 102,900 0.26 patronymic; son of Suero or Suaro
32 Ortega 99,000 0.25 from Ortiga, meaning 'nettle plant'
33 Rubio 99,000 0.25 'blond, fair-haired'; Latin Rubeus, meaning 'ruddy, reddish'
34 Molina 99,000 0.25 'mill' or 'place with mills'
35 Delgado 95,000 0.24 'thin, slender, skinny'
36 Ramírez 95,000 0.24 patronymic; son of Ramiro, Radamir, or Radmir
37 Morales 95,000 0.24 toponymic; 'blackberry groves' or 'mulberry trees'
38 Ortiz 87,120 0.22 patronymic; son of Ortún; Latin Fortunius, meaning 'fortunate one'
39 Marín 83,160 0.21 Latin Marinus, meaning 'sailor'
40 Iglesias 83,160 0.21 'churches'

Source:[67] – Data from December 1999. (2004 data confirmation of top 25)

Canary Islands

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Rank Surname Approximate percentage
1 González 4.79
2 Rodríguez 4.64
3 Hernández 4.01
4 Pérez 3.35
5 García 3.25
6 Martín 2.21
7 Santana 2.18
8 Díaz 1.86
9 Suárez 1.38
10 Sánchez 1.29
11 López 1.21
12 Cabrera 1.18
13 Ramos 0.88
14 Medina 0.87
15 Fernández 0.75
16 Morales 0.73
17 Delgado 0.70
18 Marrero 0.70
19 León 0.69
20 Alonso 0.61
21 Herrera 0.59
22 Cruz 0.58
23 Domínguez 0.55
24 Gutiérrez 0.52
25 Reyes 0.50
26 Torres 0.48
27 Alvarez 0.66
28 Rivero 0.44
29 Armas 0.42
30 Trujillo 0.40

Sweden

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Source: World Family Names

Rank[68] # Surname Meaning
1 251,621 Andersson son of Anders
2 251,495 Johansson son of Johan
3 223,151 Karlsson son of Karl
4 171,360 Nilsson son of Nils
5 147,514 Eriksson son of Erik
6 124,686 Larsson son of Lars
7 114,280 Olsson son of Olof, Olov, Ola, Ole or Olle (usually a nickname)
8 107,911 Persson son of Per
9 101,834 Svensson son of Sven
10 97,536 Gustafsson son of Gustaf
11 96,011 Pettersson son of Petter
12 73,869 Jonsson son of Jon
13 50,170 Jansson son of Jan
14 43,926 Hansson son of Hans
15 34,302 Bengtsson son of Bengt
16 32,249 Jönsson son of Jöns
17 27,533 Lindberg compound of lind (the tree tilia cordata) and berg 'mountain'
18 26,793 Jakobsson son of Jakob
19 26,562 Magnusson son of Magnus
20 26,424 Olofsson son of Olof

List of the 10 most common names among the Sami people (compiled from one third of the Sametinget voting list 2005):[69]

Rank Surname Meaning
1 Andersson son of Anders
2 Johansson son of Johan
3 Nilsson son of Nils
4 Larsson son of Lars
5 Persson son of Per
6 Blind ? of Sami descent
7 Jonsson son of Jon
8 Eriksson son of Erik
9 Nutti ? of Sami descent
10 Labba ? of Sami descent

Switzerland

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German-speaking cantons (1998): Source:[70]

Rank # Surname Meaning
1 31,000 Müller miller
2 19,150 Meier tenant of a large farm
3 16,900 Schmid blacksmith
4 13,000 Keller winemaker
5 11,850 Weber weaver
6 10,550 Huber tenant of a small large farm
7 10,350 Meyer tenant of a large farm
8 10,300 Schneider tailor
9 8,950 Steiner 'stone person'
10 8,200 Fischer fisherman
11 8,100 Brunner 'water well person'
12 8,000 Baumann 'construction man'
13 7,950 Gerber tanner
14 7,750 Frei free (in terms of freedom)
15 7,500 Moser 'bog person'

Surnames of the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino

Rank Surname Meaning
1 Bianchi white
2 Bernasconi
3 Fontana one who dwells by a fountain
4 Crivelli sieve
5 Galli Gaul; Frenchman
6 Cereghetti
7 Colombo dove (often bestowed upon orphans)
8 Rossi red, redhead
9 Ferrari blacksmith
10 Cavadini
11 Sante
12 Ravelli
13 Giovanni John
14 Piero Peter

Turkey

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Main article: Turkish name
Rank Surname Meaning
1 Yılmaz indomitable
2 Kaya rock
3 Demir iron
4 Şahin buteo, hawk
5 Çelik steel
6 Yıldız star
7 Yıldırım thunderbolt
8 Öztürk pure Turk
9 Aydın enlightened
10 Özdemir pure iron
11 Arslan lion
12 Doğan born, rising, falcon
13 Kılıç sword
14 Aslan lion
15 Çetin tough
16 Kara black
17 Koç ram
18 Kurt wolf
19 Özkan pure blood
20 Şimşek lightning
21 Polat hardy, steel
22 Özcan pure soul
23 Korkmaz unfearful
24 Çakır grayish-blue
25 Erdoğan brave born, male/private falcon

Source: Turkish General Directorate of Population and Citizenships[71]

Ukraine

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Main articles: List of surnames in Ukraine, Ukrainian surnames, and Ukrainian names

Many of the surnames use the same root but different suffixes, or even different roots of the same meaning, depending on the part of Ukraine the person hails from.[72]

Rank Surname Meaning
1 Melnyk miller
2 Shevchenko shoemaker's
3 Boyko combatant's
4 Kovalenko smith's
5 Bondarenko cooper's
6 Tkachenko weaver's
7 Kovalchuk smith's
8 Kravchenko tailor's
9 Yakovenko Yakov's
10 Shevchuk shoemaker's
11 Koval smith
12 Polishchuk the Polesian, a man from Polesia
13 Bondar cooper
14 Tkachuk weaver's
15 Moroz frost
16 Marchenko Mark's
17 Lysenko fox's (from Lys) or baldhead's (from Lysyi)
18 Rudenko redhead's
19 Savchenko Savka's (Savka is a form of Sava or Savva)
20 Petrenko Petro's

United Kingdom

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England

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Rank Surname Percentage[73]
1 Smith 1.26
2 Jones 0.75
3 Taylor 0.59
4 Brown 0.56
5 Williams 0.39
6 Wilson 0.39
7 Johnson 0.37
8 Davies 0.34
9 Robinson 0.32
10 Wright 0.32
11 Thompson 0.31
12 Evans 0.30
13 Walker 0.30
14 White 0.30
15 Roberts 0.28
16 Green 0.28
17 Hall 0.28
18 Wood 0.27
19 Jackson 0.27
20 Clark 0.26

Greater London

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The following list is for Greater London.[74][better source needed]

Rank Surname Origin
1 Brown England/Scotland
2 Smith England
3 Patel Gujarat (India)
4 Jones Wales
5 Williams Wales/England
6 Johnson Scotland/England
7 Taylor England
8 Thomas Wales/England
9 Roberts Wales
10 Khan Pakistan/India/Bangladesh
11 Lewis England/Ireland/Wales
12 Jackson England/Scotland
13 Clarke England/Scotland
14 James England
15 Phillips England
16 Wilson England
17 Ali Pakistan/Bangladesh/Arabia/Turkey
18 Mason England/Scotland/France
19 Mitchell Scotland/England
20 Rose England/Ireland/Germany/Denmark
21 Davis Wales
22 Davies Wales
23 Rodríguez Latin America/Spain
24 Cox Wales/Ireland
25 Alexander Scotland/Germany

Northern Ireland

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Source:[75]

Rank Surname Origin %
1 Wilson England 0.75
2 Campbell Scotland 0.75
3 Kelly Ireland 0.74
4 Johnston Scotland 0.69
5 Moore Ireland/England 0.62
6 Thompson England 0.61
7 Smyth England 0.60
8 Brown Scotland 0.59
9 O’Neill Ireland 0.57
10 Doherty Ireland 0.54
11 Stewart Scotland 0.54
12 Quinn Ireland 0.51
13 Robinson England 0.50
14 Murphy Ireland 0.49
15 Graham England 0.48
16 Martin England/France 0.45
17 McLaughlin Ireland 0.45
18 Hamilton Scotland 0.44
19 Murray Scotland/Ireland 0.43
20 Hughes Wales 0.41

Scotland

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Source:[75]

Rank Surname %
1 Smith 1.28
2 Brown 0.94
3 Wilson 0.89
4 Robertson 0.78
5 Thomson 0.78
6 Campbell 0.77
7 Stewart 0.73
8 Anderson 0.70
9 Scott 0.55
10 Murray 0.53
11 MacDonald 0.52
12 Reid 0.52
13 Taylor 0.49
14 Clark 0.47
15 Ross 0.43
16 Young 0.42
17 Mitchell 0.41
18 Watson 0.41
19 Paterson 0.40
20 Morrison 0.40

Wales

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Source:[75]

Rank Surname %
1 Jones 5.75
2 Williams 3.72
3 Davies 3.72
4 Evans 2.47
5 Thomas 2.43
6 Roberts 1.53
7 Lewis 1.53
8 Hughes 1.23
9 Morgan 1.16
10 Griffiths 0.96
11 Edwards 0.93
12 Smith 0.85
13 James 0.82
14 Rees 0.81
15 Jenkins 0.69
16 Owen 0.67
17 Price 0.67
18 Phillips 0.65
19 Moss 0.63
20 Driscoll 0.53 (Ireland)

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Lithuanian language has different endings for surnames for men and women. The ending of a woman's surname indicates whether she is married or not. Last names of married women end in -ienė while those of unmarried girls end in -ytė, -iūtė, -utė, -aitė.[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ Manougian, Harout (24 August 2020). "Armenia's Entire Voter List is Available Online: Here's What It Shows". EVN Report. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022.
  2. ^ Wiener Sprachblätter, 2006, issue 4, p. 4. "Alles Gruber in Österreich und nicht Müller wie in Deutschland" (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Какие самые распространенные фамилии в Азербайджане?. 1news.az (in Russian). Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  4. ^ "Ale.by – Самая распространенная фамилия в Минске – Иванов" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  5. ^ "Familienamen | Statbel". statbel.fgov.be. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  6. ^ "Structuur van de bevolking | Statbel". statbel.fgov.be. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  7. ^ Јањатовић, Ђорђе (1993). ПРЕЗИМЕНА СРБА У БОСНИ. ПРОСВЕТА-ТРГОВИНА" д. д. СОМБОР.
  8. ^ Names 2018 nsi.bg
  9. ^ "Most frequent Croatian surnames". croatian-genealogy.com. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
  10. ^ "Most frequent surnames, Census 2011". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  11. ^ "Names and surnames in Republic of Croatia". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  12. ^ "What's in a name?". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
  13. ^ Bowne, Heather (16 January 2005). "What's in a name?". ABC of Czech. Český rozhlas 7 – Radio Praha. Retrieved 28 January 2008. The most common surname in the Czech Republic is Novák, which is closest to the English "Newman".
  14. ^ "Mužská příjmení – občané ČR a cizí státní příslušníci – 20 nejčetnějších". Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  15. ^ "Ženská přijmení – občanky ČR a cizí státní příslušnice – 20 nejčetnějších". Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  16. ^ "Navne i hele befolkningen". dst.dk (in Danish). Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  17. ^ Føroya, Hagstova. "Eftirnøvn (2001–2017)" (in Faroese). Retrieved 14 December 2015.
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  19. ^ a b Population Register Centre, 13 July 2015. Percentages are based on the population of Finland on 16 July 2015.
  20. ^ "Les noms de famille les plus portés France" (in French). linternaute.com. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  21. ^ Georgian Civil Registry Agency.
  22. ^ Forebears.io. "Most Common Last Names in Germany". forebears.io/. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  23. ^ Rank and percentage of population from: Kunze, Konrad (2004). Namenkunde, Vor- und Familiennamen im deutschen Sprachgebiet, 4th edn (series: dtv-Atlas). München, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 255 pp.
  24. ^ In northern Germany, the alternative form 'Möller' is more common;
  25. ^ Heterograph: Schmitt. In southernmost Germany, the alternative form 'Schmid' is the most common. All forms taken collectively would be #1 surname. The standard German form for 'blacksmith' is 'Schmied'.
  26. ^ Heterographs: Meier, which is common to the north, like Meyer, and Mayer, which is commoner to the south. All forms taken collectively would be #2 surname
  27. ^ Triandafilidis, Manolis (1995). Τα οικογενειακά μας ονόματα (Our Family Names). Athens: Manolis Triandafilidis Foundation. p. 288. ISBN 9789602310106.
  28. ^ "Családnév statisztika 2011. január 1" (xls) (in Hungarian). Népességnyilvántartó Hivatal (Bureau of Population Registration). Retrieved 9 October 2011.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i Farkas, Tamás. "Régi magyar családnevek névvégmutató szótára (Reverse dictionary of historical Hungarian family names)" (PDF). ELTE Magyar Nyelvtudományi és Finnugor Intézet, Magyar Nyelvtudományi Társaság (Budapest University, Faculty of Hungarian Philology and Finno-Ugric Institute, Hungarian Philology Association), Budapest, 2009.
  30. ^ "Születési családnevek 2019". Közigazgatási és Elektronikus Közszolgáltatások Központi Hivatala. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  31. ^ Íslands, Hagstofa. "Mannanöfn og nafngiftir á Íslandi" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  32. ^ "Mac Murchadha - Irish Names and Surnames".
  33. ^ "Mac Ceallaigh - Irish Names and Surnames".
  34. ^ "Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla (Ó Dónaill): éadaigh".
  35. ^ "Subscribe to Irish Ancestors".
  36. ^ The Top 500 Irish & British Surnames, The Observer, 15 April 2007.
  37. ^ Retrieved 23 September 2008. Registration required.
  38. ^ "L'Italia dei Cognomi" (in Italian). mappadeicognomi.it. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  39. ^ Forebears.io. "Most Common Last Names in Italy". forebears.io/. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  40. ^ Maxia, Mauro (18 November 2019). "Le origini dei cognomi sardi, il primo Sanna aveva i canini affilati come zanne" [The origins of Sardinian surnames, the first Sanna had fang-like canine teeth]. La Nuova Sardegna (in Italian). Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  41. ^ Стали известны самые распространённые фамилии в Казахстане — Новости Общества — Новости Mail.Ru Archived 2014-08-13 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ^ Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës, 2017, p. 12. "Names and Surnames in Kosovo" (PDF). Retrieved 20 October 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  43. ^ "Latvians". li.lv. 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  44. ^ Latvian Surname Project http://www.celmina.com/surnames
  45. ^ "Populiariausi gyventojų vardai ir Labiausiai paplitusiosios gyventojų pavardės" (in Lithuanian). stat.gov.lt. 27 February 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  46. ^ "Fuerschungsportal iwwert d'Lëtzebuergescht | Grundstrukturen der luxemburgischen Familiennamenlandschaft". Infolux. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
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  48. ^ CASATA.MD: NUME IN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
  49. ^ "OVO SU NAJČEŠĆA PREZIMENA NA BALKANU: Proverite kako se vaše kotira". 18 June 2023.
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  51. ^ "Surnames used by 200 or more". Statistics Norway. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  52. ^ Ministry of Interior (Poland). Statystyka najpopularniejszych nazwisk występujących w Polsce in 2009 Archived 28 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine (The most popular surnames in Poland in 2009). Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  53. ^ © 2005 SOCIEDADE PORTUGUESA DE INFORMAÇÃO ECONÓMICA S.A. – SPIE Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ^ Os 100 Apelidos mais frequentes da População Portuguesa Archived 28 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine Perhaps the numbers in this reference are for the population of Portuguese-speaking countries. The total number of people with these common names (10.4 million) already exceeds the population of Portugal in 2014 (10.3 million).
  55. ^ "Portugal Genealogy Resources & Vital Records".
  56. ^ "Cele mai comune nume de familie din Romania, 2013". Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  57. ^ a b Yumaguzin, Valeriy; Vinnik, Maria (18 August 2019). "Surnames in modern Russia". Annals of Human Biology. 46 (6): 475–490. doi:10.1080/03014460.2019.1685130. ISSN 0301-4460.
  58. ^ Балановская Е. В.; Балановский О. П. (2007). Русский генофонд на Русской равнине (in Russian). Moscow. pp. 165–216. ISBN 978-5-87140-267-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) See also the web version Archived 9 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine of the list.
  59. ^ Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. године у Републици Србији; Посебна публикација: Најчешћа имена и презимена (in Serbian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  60. ^ "Najčastejšie priezviská na Slovensku". Geni.sk. 10 January 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  61. ^ a b c Votruba, Martin. "Most Common Slovak Last Names". Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh.
  62. ^ Károly Kocsis (DSc, University of Miskolc) – Zsolt Bottlik (PhD, Budapest University) – Patrik Tátrai: Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határon túli régióiban, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) – Földrajtudományi Kutatóintézet (Academy of Geographical Studies); Budapest; 2006.; ISBN 963-9545-10-4, CD Atlas
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  66. ^ Weiss-Füglister, Nelly (2002). The Origin of Jewish Family Names. Peter Lang. p. 216. ISBN 978-3-906768-19-9.
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  69. ^ "Vanligaste samiska efternamnet utsett". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). 18 November 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  70. ^ "RootsWeb: SWITZERLAND-L [SWITZERLAND-L] Most common CH surnames with citizenships in over 100 villages". archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013.
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  73. ^ Paediatric-Epidemiology Significance Surnames Paper University College London
  74. ^ "Most common surnames in Greater London, UK". Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  75. ^ a b c Significant surnames ucl.ac.uk
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