VRK2

Serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the VRK2 gene.

VRK2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2V62
Identifiers
Aliases	VRK2, vaccinia related kinase 2, VRK serine/threonine kinase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 602169; MGI: 1917172; HomoloGene: 55966; GeneCards: VRK2; OMA:VRK2 - orthologs
EC number	2.7.11.1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) Band 2p16.1 Start 57,907,629 bp End 58,159,920 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse) Band 11|11 A3.3 Start 26,421,322 bp End 26,543,999 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in monocyte Achilles tendon gonad corpus callosum right ventricle testicle islet of Langerhans epithelium of colon epithelium of nasopharynx rectum Top expressed in fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell mesenteric lymph nodes blood granulocyte spleen spermatocyte thymus morula yolk sac subcutaneous adipose tissue More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity nucleotide binding protein kinase activity protein domain specific binding kinase activity protein serine/threonine kinase activity protein binding ATP binding protein kinase binding Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane mitochondrial membranes membrane endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion nucleus protein-containing complex Biological process regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway phosphorylation protein phosphorylation peptidyl-serine phosphorylation protein autophosphorylation cellular response to oxidative stress viral process regulation of cell shape peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7444 69922 Ensembl ENSG00000028116 ENSMUSG00000064090 UniProt Q86Y07 Q8BN21 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001130480 NM_001130481 NM_001130482 NM_001130483 NM_001288836 NM_001288837 NM_001288838 NM_001288839 NM_006296 NM_001252447 NM_027260 RefSeq (protein) NP_001123952 NP_001123953 NP_001123954 NP_001123955 NP_001275765 NP_001275766 NP_001275767 NP_001275768 NP_006287 NP_001239376 NP_081536 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 57.91 – 58.16 Mb Chr 11: 26.42 – 26.54 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and has increased expression in actively dividing cells, such as those in testis, leukocytes, fetal liver, and carcinomas. Its protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and has been shown to phosphorylate casein and undergo autophosphorylation.

While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length nature of only one has been biologically validated to date.

Further reading

• Blanco S, Santos C, Lazo PA (2008). "Vaccinia-related kinase 2 modulates the stress response to hypoxia mediated by TAK1". Mol. Cell. Biol. 27 (20): 7273–83. doi:10.1128/MCB.00025-07. PMC 2168905. PMID 17709393.
• Li LY, Liu MY, Shih HM, et al. (2006). "Human cellular protein VRK2 interacts specifically with Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1, a homologue of Bcl-2, and enhances cell survival". J. Gen. Virol. 87 (Pt 10): 2869–78. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81953-0. PMID 16963744.
• Blanco S, Klimcakova L, Vega FM, Lazo PA (2006). "The subcellular localization of vaccinia-related kinase-2 (VRK2) isoforms determines their different effect on p53 stability in tumour cell lines". FEBS J. 273 (11): 2487–504. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05256.x. hdl:10261/7155. PMID 16704422. S2CID 6110354.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Nichols RJ, Traktman P (2004). "Characterization of three paralogous members of the Mammalian vaccinia related kinase family". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (9): 7934–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310813200. PMID 14645249.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Nezu J, Oku A, Jones MH, Shimane M (1998). "Identification of two novel human putative serine/threonine kinases, VRK1 and VRK2, with structural similarity to vaccinia virus B1R kinase". Genomics. 45 (2): 327–31. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4938. PMID 9344656.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.